investigations in deep brain stimulation: neurostimulating electrodes march 9, 2001 tom chiesl, eric...
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![Page 1: Investigations in Deep Brain Stimulation: Neurostimulating Electrodes March 9, 2001 Tom Chiesl, Eric Faulring, Elizabeth Nunamaker, Jonathan Yuen](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/56649d6d5503460f94a4d8c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Investigations in Deep Brain Stimulation:
Neurostimulating Electrodes
March 9, 2001March 9, 2001
Tom Chiesl, Eric Faulring, Tom Chiesl, Eric Faulring,
Elizabeth Nunamaker, Jonathan YuenElizabeth Nunamaker, Jonathan Yuen
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Parkinson’s Disease
• Progressive central nervous system disorder
• Degeneration of pigmented neurons of the Substantia Nigra
• Men and women over fifty
• Inability to control muscular activity
• Gait difficulty
• Rigidity
• Tremor
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Traditional Treatment Options
• Drugs (Levodopa)
• Initial reduction of symptoms
• Tolerance develops over time
•Pallidotomy
•Thalamotomy
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Emerging Treatment Options
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
• Placement of electrode within thalamus
• Periodic stimulation overrides faulty signals
• Intensity / Frequency adjusted as needed
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Medtronics Production Electrode
Voltage (V) 3.07 1.2 3.30 1.1 3.38 1.1
Frequency (Hz) 158.1 29.1160.6 29.0 165.6 23.5
Pulse Width (sec) 107.0 47.6 105.041.5 117.5 80.8
3 Months 6 Months 12 Months
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Biological Requirements of Bio-Electrodes
• Size
• Non-toxic
• Non-inflammatory / non-immunogenic
• Bio-fouling
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Engineering Requirements of Bio-Electrodes
• Corrosion Resistance
• Packaging (Control, Power, Communication)
• Manufacturing Complexity / Cost
• Component Materials Compatibility
• Functionality (Maintenance, Adjustments)
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• Recording Electrode - Large Capacitance
• Stimulating Electrode - Small Resistance
• High Surface Area (Minimize Electrical Impedance)
• Gas Evolution (Safe Charge Density Injection Limit)
Electrical Requirements Bio-Electrodes
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Emerging Fabrication Technologies –
• Doping electrode tracings onto silicon substrate
• Evaporative metal deposition on micro-injection molded plastic substrate
• Polycrystalline silicon tracings
Current Fabrication Technologies –
• Macroscale production (Au, Pt electrodes)
• CMOS processing
• Photolithography
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Emerging Fabrication Technologies -Evaporative metal deposition on micro-injection molded plastic substrate
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Emerging Fabrication Technologies -• Doping electrode tracings onto silicon substrate
Quadripolar Electrode
Etched holes for neural growth factor and nerve in-growth
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Summary
Use thin film CMOS technology incorporating polycrystaline electrodes or doped silicon electrodes
• Electrodes are microscale
• More electrodes for increased stimulation options
• Closed loop – feedback control
• Less destructive to neural tissue
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Questions