iodp-canada report of activitiesiodp-canada report of activities 2004-2013 prepared by d. hanano,...
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IODP-Canada Report of Activities
2004-2013
Prepared by D. Hanano, Coordinator A. de Vernal, Chair
Canadian Consortium for Ocean Drilling
December 2013
canada
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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAM AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL .......................................................................... 5 2. SUMMARY OF CANADIAN STATUS IN THE PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 6 3. CANADIAN USERS ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. CCOD members & representatives ............................................................................................................. 8 4. CANADIAN PARTICIPATION IN IODP ...................................................................................................................... 8 4.1. Expeditions ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.2. Panels ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.3. Proposals ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 4.4. Workshops ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 5. HIGHLIGHTS OF RESEARCH OUTCOMES FROM IODP ....................................................................................... 11 5.1. The deep biosphere and the subseafloor ocean ................................................................................ 12 5.2. Environmental changes, processes and effects ................................................................................. 13 5.3. Solid earth cycles and geodynamics ....................................................................................................... 13 6. TRAINING PROVIDED TO STUDENTS & HQP ...................................................................................................... 14 6.1. Summer schools .............................................................................................................................................. 14 6.2. School of Rock .................................................................................................................................................. 15 6.3. Scholarships & grants ................................................................................................................................... 16 7. OUTREACH & EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................................... 16 7.1. Conference booths .......................................................................................................................................... 16 7.2. Port calls ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 7.3. Distinguished Lecturer Program .............................................................................................................. 18 7.4. Other communications ................................................................................................................................. 18 8. CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE IN THE NEW IODP PROGRAM (2013-‐2023) ..................................................... 18 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 APPENDIX 1: LIST OF CANADIAN USERS ................................................................................................................. 21
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List of Tables
Table 1: Summary of government funding for Canadian participation in IODP (2004-‐2013)........................7
Table 2: Canadian participation in IODP expeditions (2004-‐2013)................................................................9
Table 3: List of active proposals (submitted or in preparation) with Canadian proponents........................10
Table 4: Summary of funding awarded to Canadian students (2009-‐2013).................................................16
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Executive Summary This report summarizes Canadian activities, contributions and involvement in the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) from 2004-2013. Canada has participated in the program since 2004, through membership in the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) and funding from NSERC and Canadian universities. Our membership has provided access to samples and state-of-the-art drilling platforms for over 250 researchers from across Canada. Despite a relatively modest financial contribution to the program, Canadian scientists are regularly selected for their expertise to sail on IODP expeditions. Since 2004, 16 Canadians have participated as shipboard scientists (many as Chief Scientists and Project Managers) on 12 IODP expeditions. Canadians are also actively involved in shaping the scientific direction and management of the program as organizers of international workshops, elected members on key advisory panels, and lead authors on numerous drilling proposals. In the last 10 years, Canadian scientists have led innovative studies on ocean drilling research, and have authored over 765 articles involving IODP materials and data. Canadian research has been responsible for major progress in the understanding of critical components of the climate system, gas hydrate reservoirs and the factors controlling their formation, as well as the dynamics of ice sheets and their vulnerability under climate warming. Canadians have pioneered new technology in borehole observatories, which allow detailed monitoring of formation pressure, chemistry and temperature. Canadians have also been involved in major achievements that tested long-standing hypotheses concerning how the ocean crust is accreted and how energy is extracted and dissipated at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Recognizing the importance of educating the public and training the next generation of scientists, IODP-Canada has organized many public outreach and student training activities. These include summer schools, conference booths, ship tours and lectures. IODP-Canada has offered 27 scholarships and grants, just since 2009, for students and teachers to attend summer schools, participate in workshops, present at conferences, and carry out research. The program recently transitioned to the International Ocean Discovery Program (2013-2023), which addresses pressing scientific, economic and social priorities, including a focus on Arctic drilling and marine geohazards in the forthcoming years. However, the current funding from NSERC to participate in IODP ended in 2013. Canadian participation in the new program and involvement in international Arctic drilling is essential for the Canadian marine sciences community and national strategic interests, and will depend upon the contribution to membership in ECORD or to the JOIDES Resolution.
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1. Summary of the Program at the International Level The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) is a ten-year international partnership to explore Earth’s history, structure, chemistry, and dynamics as recorded in ocean sediments and the uppermost oceanic lithosphere. IODP builds upon the earlier successes of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP; 1968-1983) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP; 1985-2003), which revolutionized our view of Earth history and global processes through ocean basin exploration. IODP advances our understanding of Earth’s environmental conditions and climate history, plate tectonic processes, Earth’s crustal structure and composition, life in the ancient oceans, and a vast contemporary subseafloor biosphere. The two Lead Agencies that fund IODP are the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The members of the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD), a Contributing Member of IODP, are: Austria, Belgium (joined in 2005), Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland (joined in 2005), Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland (joined 2011), Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Associate Members of IODP include China, India, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil (joined in 2012). The total IODP budget from 2003 to 2013 was about US$120M/year.
To achieve the goal of drilling and continuously coring at almost any location in the world’s oceans, IODP developed the strategy of multiple drilling platforms. The JOIDES Resolution (below left), managed by the United States Implementing Organization (USIO), is the platform of choice for sites where a technology using seawater as the primary drilling fluid is suitable. Previously the flagship of ODP, it was completely refit in 2006-2008 to house state-of-the-art laboratories and drilling
technology. The Chikyu (below right), managed by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), joined the IODP fleet in 2007 and is the largest scientific vessel ever built. It uses a riser with a well control technology to drill deep holes in most geological settings, doubling the drilling penetration capability of the former ODP. Mission specific platforms (MSPs), managed by the ECORD Science Operator (ESO), are deployed on an annual basis to address specific science objectives that cannot be achieved by the JR or Chikyu, notably for drilling in shallow water (<20 m) or ice-covered environments.
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Through expeditions carried out on these platforms, IODP retrieves sediment and rock samples (cores), provides shipboard and shore-‐based facilities to study samples, obtains valuable downhole geophysical and geochemical measurements (logging/petrophysics), and provides opportunities for special experiments (such as seafloor and subseafloor observatories) to determine and monitor in-‐situ conditions beneath the seafloor. IODP coordinates the solicitation and review of drilling proposals in accordance with the priorities established in the IODP Science Plan Earth Oceans, and Life, manages physical samples and meta-data from IODP expeditions, produces publications of expedition outcomes, and conducts outreach activities to disseminate the program’s major scientific findings.
2. Summary of Canadian Status in the Program Canada joined the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program in 2004 in partnership with the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD). ECORD is a management structure of 18 members (17 European countries and Canada) for scientific ocean drilling within the IODP. As a coordinated unit, ECORD enables to achieve critical mass and economies of scale in its progress towards equal partnership with the USA and Japan. ECORD's role is to extend the scientific capability of the program by providing support for mission-specific platform (MSP) operations in key areas such as ice-covered regions and shallow seas inaccessible to the US and Japanese drilling vessels. Also in 2004, following recommendation by NSERC, the Canadian Consortium for Ocean Drilling (CCOD) was formed and funds were requested from member universities and government agencies to help support the operational fees of the secretariat.
From 2004 to 2013, a total of 3,362 sample requests were made for IODP materials, with 803,400 samples provided to the scientific community. – W. Hale, Curator, IODP Bremen Core Repository (pers. comm.)
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Table 1: Summary of government funding for Canadian participation in IODP (2004-‐2013).
Year Secretariat Location
Chair/Lead PI Program Amount Funded
Years Funded
2004 University of Victoria
Kathy Gillis NSERC MFA $200,000 1
2005 University of Victoria
Kathy Gillis NSERC MFA $200,000 3
2008 UQAM McGill
Anne de Vernal Michael Riedel
NSERC MRS $382,100 2
2010 UQAM Anne de Vernal NSERC MRS $570,000 4 In 2008 and 2009, we were able to negotiate a lower contribution (USD $300K) to maintain Canadian membership because of reduced activities of the JOIDES Resolution during its refit and the delayed start of drilling by the Chikyu. The most recent grant has allowed Canada to contribute USD $500K/yr of membership fees to ECORD in addition to other expenses (salary of the coordinator, travel fees, etc.) until the end of the current program. The last installment was received April 2013. Canada’s current contribution represents 2.3% of the annual ECORD budget (USD $21.5 million), which in turn provides about 17% of the overall IODP operation budget (USD $120 million).
3. Canadian Users The Canadian users of the resource include over 250 researchers who have used samples or data produced by DSDP-ODP-IODP, contributed to past or current (active) drilling proposals, sailed on drilling expeditions, participated in training activities, or subscribed to our mailing list (Appendix 1). Most users occupy research positions in academic institutions (82%) or governmental agencies (13%), while a smaller percentage are from the private sector (5%). The users are distributed within 9 provinces and 2 territories across Canada: British Columbia (17%), Alberta (6.5%), Saskatchewan (1.5%), Manitoba (0.5%), Ontario (32%), Québec (27%), New Brunswick (0.5%), Nova Scotia (8.5%), Newfoundland (5.5%), Yukon (0.5%) and Nunavut (0.5%). The Canadian users represent a wide range of disciplines within the Earth and ocean sciences, including (but not limited to) marine geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geodynamics, microbiology, petrology, paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, sedimentology, seismology, and volcanology. Their research activities span the three principal themes of IODP: (1) deep biosphere and sub-seafloor ocean, (2) environmental change, processes and effects, and (3) solid earth cycles and geodynamics. In recent years, the number of users has grown by ~20% annually, from 164 in 2010, to 197 in 2011, to 241 in 2012.
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3.1. CCOD members & representatives The members of the Canadian Consortium for Ocean Drilling (CCOD) include Natural Resources Canada and 13 universities from across Canada.
• Brock University (Martin Head) • Dalhousie University (Markus Kienast*) • McGill University (Eric Galbraith) • Memorial University of Newfoundland (Duncan McIlroy) • Natural Resources Canada (David Mosher) • Université de Québec à Montréal (Anne de Vernal*) • Université de Québec à Rimouski (Guillaume St-Onge) • Université Laval (Réjean Hébert) • University of Alberta (Doug Schmitt) • University of British Columbia (Dominique Weis*) • University of Ottawa (Mark Hannington) • University of Toronto (Uli Wortmann*) • University of Victoria (Kathy Gillis*) • University of Western Ontario (Neil Banerjee) *CCOD Executive Committee member
Each CCOD institution is represented on the CCOD Council by one representative who acts as voting member. The CCOD Council provides advice and guidance to the IODP-Canada Secretariat concerning the management of Canada’s participation in IODP.
4. Canadian Participation in IODP
4.1. Expeditions Membership in ECORD allows scientists based in Canada to apply to sail on IODP expeditions. Within the current program, 16 Canadian researchers have participated as shipboard scientists (and many as co-Chief Scientists) on 12 IODP expeditions across the full range of drilling platforms. Canadian shipboard participants have additionally benefited from exclusive access to samples and data collected during the expeditions for a moratorium period of 1 year. This has been especially important for projects that required time-sensitive samples (e.g. microbiology, pore fluids) and research in competitive fields.
IODP has successfully completed 47 expeditions (JR – 30, Chikyu – 13, MSP – 4); four more will commence or be completed before the end of the current program.
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Table 2: Canadian participation in IODP expeditions (2004-‐2013). Name Exp. Location/Name Platform Date Anne de Vernal 303 North Atlantic JR Sept-Nov 2004 Neil Banerjee* 309 Superfast Spreading 2 JR July-Aug 2005 Michael Riedel* 311 Cascadia Margin JR Aug-Oct 2005 Neil Banerjee* 312 Superfast Spreading 3 JR Oct-Dec 2005 Francine McCarthy Heather Schijns‡
313 New Jersey Shallow Shelf
L/B Kayd (MSP)
April-July 2009
Taoufik Radi‡ 323 Bering Sea JR July-Sept 2009 Earl Davis* Martin Heesemann Michael Riedel
328 Cascadia ACORK Observatory
JR Sept 2010
Gordon Southam 331 Deep Hot Biosphere Chikyu Sept-Oct 2010 Christie Rowe Tian Sun‡
343 Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project
Chikyu
April-May 2012
Kathy Gillis* 345 Hess Deep JR Dec 2012-Feb 2013 Ian Kulin* Michael Riedel* Earl Davis Robert Meldrum Kathryn Moran
341S SCIMPI & 858G CORK JR May 2013
Guillaume St-Onge 341 Southern Alaska Margin JR May-July 2013 Anne de Vernal (onshore scientist)
341 Southern Alaska Margin JR May-July 2013
* Chief Scientist, Co-Chief Scientist or Expedition Project Manager ‡ Postdoctoral fellow or graduate student
4.2. Panels As a member of ECORD, we are entitled to representation on the ECORD Council and ECORD Science Support and Advisory Committee (ESSAC). Since 2004, Canada has maintained delegates and alternates on these committees who have attended meetings twice per year. Notably, Anne de Vernal (UQAM) was selected to be Chair of the ECORD Council from October 2011-2012 (plus vice-Chair 6 months before and after). The current members of the ECORD Council and ESSAC are: Anne de Vernal (UQAM) as delegate with Kathy Gillis (UVic) as alternate, and Dominique Weis (UBC) with Markus Kienast (Dalhousie) as alternate, respectively. Several Canadians have been selected to serve as representatives on panels within ECORD and the IODP Science Advisory Structure, providing expertise and input to the planning of scientific priorities and strategies. Between 2004-2008, Canadians attended key panel meetings as observers. Since 2009, the following Canadians were chosen to serve on IODP panels:
• Science Planning Committee: Kathy Gillis (UVictoria), alternate 2009 • Environmental Protection and Safety Panel - Michael Enachescu (MGM Energy
Corp.), delegate 2009
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• Science Steering and Evaluation Panel - Ulrich Wortmann (UToronto), alternate 2009
• Scientific Technology Panel: Douglas Schmitt (UAlberta), delegate 2009 – present *Chair since summer 2012
• Site Characterization Panel: David Mosher (NRCan), delegate 2012 – present • ECORD Facility Board: Dominique Weis (UBC), delegate 2012 – present
4.3. Proposals Canadian scientists are very active in the ocean drilling community, and many are proponents of active drilling proposals. As of June 2012, 80 active proposals for drilling were under examination by the Science Advisory Committee or the Operations Task Force of IODP. Amongst these proposals, there are 7 to drill in the Arctic Ocean. Many of these proposals directly involve Canadian participation.
Table 3: List of active proposals (submitted or in preparation) with Canadian proponents. Proposal Short Title Canadian Proponents Stage 548 Chixculub K-T Impact Crater Grieve OTF 603D NanTroSEIZE Observatories Wang OTF 659 Newfoundland Rifted Margin Louden, Srivastava PEP 692 Flemish Cap Rifted Margin Louden PEP 704 Sumatra Seismogenic Zone Mosher PEP 708* Central Arctic Paleoceanography Seismic survey in collaboration
with Canada PEP
747 North Atlantic Paleogene Climate Mosher PEP 750* Beringia Sea Level History De Vernal, St-Onge PEP 751 West Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate Eyles PEP 753* Beaufort Sea Paleoceanography De Vernal, St-Onge, Rochon,
Hillaire-Marcel PEP
785 Gulf of Mexico SCIMPI field trail Moran, Kulin OTF 795 Indian Monsoon Rainfall Riedel 2015 796 Ligurian Landslide Moran PEP 797* Alaska Beaufort Margin Whiticar PEP 806* Beaufort Gas Hydrate Dallimore, Riedel PEP 807 Indonesian Throughflow Greenwood 2015 816 ReCORK Hole858G Davis OTF PEP = Proposal Evaluation Panel; OTF = Operations Task Force * Proposals to drill in the Arctic Ocean
4.4. Workshops Since 2004, Canadians have regularly attended international IODP-related workshops aimed at addressing specific research questions or technological advances, identifying new drilling targets and strategies, and supporting all stages of proposal development. Among those, one may mention the ECORD Workshop on Submarine Mass Movements (Barcelona, 2006), the IODP workshop on Marine Geohazards (Oregon, 2007), the IODP
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workshop on Arctic Drilling (Bremerhaven, 2008), the INVEST-IODP conference (Bremen, 2009), the IODP workshop on the history of Greenland (Oregon, 2010), and multiple IODP workshops planning drilling in the western Arctic (San Francisco, 2011; Kananaskis, Alberta, 2012; Columbus, Ohio, 2013).
Importantly, IODP-Canada helped fund the IODP workshop “Coordinated Scientific Drilling in the Beaufort Sea” held in Alberta from February 12-15, 2012 in collaboration with IODP, ICDP-Canada and Natural Resources Canada. About 70 scientists from nine countries participated in the workshop, including more than 25 scientists from Canadian institutions in Nova Scotia, Québec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. The workshop helped define the scientific questions and drilling strategies required to assess environmental change and geohazards for the Canadian-led Beaufort Sea drilling proposal.
5. Highlights of Research Outcomes from IODP Drilling expeditions and experiments have transformed the understanding of our planet by addressing some of the most fundamental questions about Earth’s dynamic history, processes and structure. IODP has had a significant impact on numerous research fields, as evidenced by the high output of scientific publications based on DSDP-ODP-IODP material and data. One illustration of the merit of IODP-related research comes from the number of citations in manuscripts published in the best ranked scientific journals of the discipline such as Nature, Nature Geoscience and Science (over 120), as well as Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Geology, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research, Micropaleontology, Paleoclimatology, Paleogeography, and Paleoceanography (over 850). The number of publications by Canadians based on DSDP-ODP-IODP material and data is high. Since the start of the current program in 2003, Canadian scientists have authored over 765 articles based on ocean drilling research. These include >225 articles in peer-reviewed journals, >340 Program publications (Proceedings chapters, Scientific Prospectus, Preliminary Reports and Scientific Drilling articles) and >185 abstracts and meeting proceedings. Approximately 30% of the above publications were first-authored by a Canadian-based researcher. It is of note that Canadians are contributing ~7% of the ODP-IODP publications despite a modest monetary contribution to the international program (< 0.5 to 2.5 %).
Since 2003, IODP-‐related research has resulted in over 5500 peer-‐reviewed publications. – 2012 Ocean Drilling Citation Report, American Geological Institute
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Canadian researchers have been at the forefront of pivotal studies involving IODP materials and data. Below we highlight some recent high-impact contributions made by Canadians within each of the three principal themes of IODP.
5.1. The deep biosphere and the subseafloor ocean Within the framework of this theme, Canadian researchers are particularly active and are regularly solicited by the international community for their expertise on gas hydrates and borehole observatories. Deep biological activities create the methane gas trapped within gas hydrates, which are common on most continental margins. Understanding gas hydrates is important globally, because they play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and can have a profound impact on global climate if methane is released massively from gas hydrate deposits. Gas hydrate also forms a geohazard as rapid dissociation of the ice-like substance within the top ~300 m of ocean sediments can lead to devastating submarine slides and slumps. An important driver in gas hydrate research over the past 10 years was related to the energy potential of gas hydrates, as they host a tremendous amount of natural gas (methane) that may dwarf the deposits of all known fossil fuel reserves combined. In 2005, Expedition 311 to the Cascadia Margin offshore Vancouver Island, led by Canadian co-Chief Scientist Michael Riedel (NRCan), revised our view of the magnitude of gas hydrate reservoirs and key factors controlling their accumulation. Contrary to established expectations of how gas hydrate deposits form, the expedition found anomalous occurrences of high concentrations of gas hydrate at relatively shallow depths, 50-120 meters below the seafloor. Furthermore, repeated recovery of high concentrations of gas hydrate in sand-rich layers of sediment provided strong support for sediment grain size as a controlling factor in gas hydrate formation. Within the current program, four additional expeditions to Cascadia, two with significant Canadian input and participation (see Table 2), were carried out to install/replace borehole observatories. Canadian researchers, under the leadership of Earl Davis (NRCan), have designed a specialized tool – CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) – used for sealing seafloor boreholes from the overlying ocean water, which allows detailed monitoring of formation pressure, chemistry and temperature over a period of years. Monitoring of such CORK systems has provided valuable information on the average state of pressure in the frontal part of the Cascadia accretionary prism, the pressure gradients driving flow from the consolidating sediments, the mode of formation of gas hydrates, the influence of hydrates and free gas on the mechanical properties of their host lithology, the response of the material to seismic ground motion, and the magnitude of strain at the site caused by episodic seismic and aseismic slip in this subduction setting. The CORK instruments at ODP Sites 889 and 1027 are linked to the NEPTUNE Canada cabled observatory network, allowing real-time monitoring of key formation parameters. The CORK at Site 1027 also forms part of a plate-wide tsunami detection system that
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uses highly sensitive bottom pressure recorders to measure tsunami amplitude, propagation direction and speed. Canadian leadership of this highly innovative and ambitious partnership between the ocean drilling and ocean observatories communities was made possible through Canadian membership within ECORD/IODP.
5.2. Environmental changes, processes and effects During the last 10 years, major progress has been made in the understanding of critical components of the climate system thanks to access to IODP drill holes. This progress includes breakthroughs in the estimates of long term evolution of the ocean and atmosphere chemistry. In particular, boron isotope measurements permitted researchers to reconstruct change in ocean alkalinity and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, which reached close to modern values of 400 ppm during the Pliocene, about 2.8 million years ago, when the Northern Hemisphere glaciation intensified (cf. Seki et al., Earth & Planetary Science Letters 2011; Bolton and Stoll, Nature 2013). Another breakthrough comes from the geochemical analyses of drilled sedimentary sequences, which show rapid fluctuations of seawater chemistry. In particular, changes in sulfate concentrations related to tectonic activity may affect carbonate mineralogy, microbially mediated organic matter remineralization, sedimentary phosphorus regeneration, nitrogen fixation, and sulfate aerosol formation, which in turn are determinant on ocean productivity, global carbon cycle, and climate (Wortmann and Paytan, Science 2012). Major progress was also made with regards to the dynamics of ice sheets and their vulnerability under climate warming, which may have major consequences in terms of sea level. Among major contributions, one may mention the rapid decrease of ice sheet volume during the last deglaciation accounting for sea level rise up to 40 cm/year (cf. Deschamps et al., Nature 2012), evidence for forest development on Greenland some 400,000 years ago during the "warm" interval, providing a time frame for the development and decline of boreal ecosystems over a nearly ice-free Greenland (cf. de Vernal and Hillaire-Marcel, Science 2008) and new finding concerning instabilities of the east Antarctica ice sheet during the Early Pliocene, when pCO2 were similar to the present-day (Cook et al., Nature Geoscience 2013). Among important achievements of IODP, the still unique Arctic drilling site on the Lomonosov Ridge provided clues about one of the last frontiers on Earth (see June 1st issue, Nature 2006). While the drilling and subsequent studies demonstrated the tremendous importance of the Arctic Ocean in the climate, life and environmental history of Earth, the timing of the opening of the Arctic-Atlantic gateways is still the subject of debate (Poirier and Hillaire-Marcel, Geophysical Research Letters 2011).
5.3. Solid earth cycles and geodynamics The formation, evolution and recycling of oceanic lithosphere is the dominant process in the chemical differentiation and physical evolution of our planet. This process encompasses the transfer and transformation of mass and energy from Earth’s mantle to
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the crust, and from the crust to the ocean and atmosphere. From its formation until it is subducted back into the mantle, the oceanic lithosphere interacts with seawater, thus changing the chemistry of both lithosphere and seawater, sequesters components of the exosphere (e.g., H2O and CO2) and recycles them back into the mantle. Since the confirmation of plate tectonics by DSDP, this cycle has been examined from many perspectives, ranging from continental break-up to crustal generation at mid-ocean ridges at a range of spreading rates and to large igneous provinces. Despite the central role that the ocean crust plays in the evolution of our planet, our sampling of in situ oceanic basement has been inadequate, and drilling a complete crustal section has been a major goal of scientific ocean drilling for more than four decades. This goal was recently achieved during the “Superfast” Expeditions 309 and 312 in 2005, both led by Expedition Project Manager Neil Banerjee (UWO), which drilled a 1500 m complete section down to gabbro in 15 Ma crust formed at a superfast-spreading rate (>200 mm/y) on the East Pacific Rise (Wilson et al., Science 2006). Major achievements of the Superfast expeditions included: penetration into gabbros that are consistent with seismically imaged melt lenses; confirmation of the inverse relation between spreading rate and depth to axial melt lenses; and documentation of the structure and composition of upper oceanic crust formed at a superfast-spreading rate. A subsequent expedition to the East Pacific Rise in 2012, Expedition 345 to Hess Deep led by co-Chief Scientist Kathy Gillis (UVic), tested long-standing hypotheses concerning how the ocean crust is accreted and how energy is extracted and dissipated at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. The heat and mass flux from the Earth's interior is greatest at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic lithosphere is created. However, the specific nature of magma transport and crystallization and hydrothermal cooling was very poorly constrained, due largely to the very limited sampling of plutonic rocks. This expedition aimed to fill this critical gap in knowledge by recovering multiple 100-300m-long cores of intermediate- to deep-level plutonic crust that formed at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise. Their recovery provided the first opportunity to directly test hypotheses related to: (1) the construction of the oceanic crust at modern fast-spreading ridges; and (2) the extent and nature of heat and mass fluxes between the asthenosphere-lithosphere- hydrosphere reservoirs.
6. Training Provided to Students & HQP
6.1. Summer schools 2010: IODP-Canada hosted the ECORD Summer School "Ocean and climate changes in polar and sub-polar environments" from June 27 to July 12. Nineteen students and postdoctoral fellows from Canada, France, Germany, UK, Serbia, Portugal and the USA participated in a two-week intensive training in marine geology and paleoceanography. The participants had sailing and sampling experience on board the R/V Coriolis II in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Saguenay Fjord; they acquired theoretical and practical knowledge on cutting-edge techniques for sampling and analyzing geological and geophysical data. Courses, lectures, practical exercises and laboratory visits were offered
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at UQAR, INRS-ETE and UQAM, in addition to field trips in Gaspésie and St. Lawrence Lowlands giving students an extensive scientific portrait of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology in polar and sub-polar environments. 2012: The joint ECORD/ICDP/IODP-Canada Summer School “Impacts of Cryosphere Dynamics from Land to Ocean” was held July 5 to 21 in Québec with 19 participants from Canada, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, the UK, Greece and Belgium. The first week consisted of classes and workshops presented by invited lecturers at UQAM, focused on reconstructing the cryosphere and climate change in the Cenozoic. Students participated in interactive exercises and classes on microfossil analysis, sedimentary analysis, seismic interpretation, time series analysis, radiogenic and stable isotope methods. During a 5-day field excursion to the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, participants carried out surveys using CTD profiles, took underwater gravity cores, explored the nearshore surface sediments with a remotely operated submarine, conducted sub-bottom acoustic profiling and high resolution multibeam bathymetry, and were guided through numerous outcrops of Quaternary sediments.
6.2. School of Rock IODP-Canada supported two educators – Jane Londero, high school math and science teacher (Whitehorse, YT) and Sarah Thornton, Senior Laboratory Instructor (University of Victoria) – to participate in the “School of Rock 2013: Exploring Ocean Cores and the
Geology of the Pacific Northwest” onboard the JOIDES Resolution in Victoria, BC April 1-9, 2013. K-12, informal, and undergraduate educators conducted hands-on analyses of sediment and hard-rock cores with scientists and technicians who specialize in IODP research. Investigations covered topics such as paleoceanography, sedimentology, and biostratigraphy; seafloor spreading; climate change; composition and structure of the
oceanic crust; and methods for sampling the subseafloor environment. The school also included time to collaborate and create plans for integrating the experience into classroom instruction.
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6.3. Scholarships & grants Canadian students receive awards from CCOD and ECORD to take part in the ECORD summer schools in Germany, Italy and Canada. The CCOD also offers numerous merit-based scholarships to allow students and young researchers to present their research at conferences and carry out projects related to scientific ocean drilling. Since 2009, IODP-Canada has awarded funds (averaging ~$1900) to deserving students across Canada.
Table 4: Summary of funding awarded to Canadian students (2009-‐2013).
Year Type Name University 2009 Summer School Nicole Debond MUN Casey Brant Victoria 2010 Summer School Audrey Limoges UQAM
Mathieu Delinger UQAM David Caroza McGill Stefan Markovic Toronto
Ayoky Oluwaseyi Alberta Anthony Novak Dalhousie Thais Lamana McGill
2011 Summer School Thi Hao Bui McGill
Lucie Theo-Hubert McGill
Fritz Griffith Ottawa
Stefan Markovic Toronto
Jon Furlong Victoria
2012 Summer School Elissa Barris UQAR
Phoebe Chan Toronto
Rosie Oakes Toronto
Gabriel Joyal Laval
Cooper Stacey Victoria
Nastasja Scholz Victoria
2012 Travel Grants Fernando Mantilla-Duran Brock
Lauren Harrison UBC
2012 Research Awards Matthew Izawa UWO
Olivia Gibb UQAM
John Evangelatos Dalhousie
7. Outreach & Educational Activities
7.1. Conference booths IODP-Canada coordinated exhibition booths at the following conferences: AGU Joint Assembly 2009 (Toronto), GeoCanada 2010 (Calgary), GAC-MAC 2011 (Ottawa) and 2012 (St. John's) and Goldschmidt 2012 (Montréal). In conjunction with Goldschmidt,
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we also hosted a “Town Hall” reception to promote the program and stimulate discussion about Canada’s continued participation in IODP post-2013. The booths were well attended by students, faculty and government representatives. Many ECORD and IODP publications, outreach materials and giveaways were distributed and subscribers to the Canadian mailing list typically increased by ~10%.
7.2. Port calls Since 2004, the JOIDES Resolution has had a number of Canadian port calls. Recognizing the potential educational value and outreach impact of these visits, IODP-Canada has worked closely with the U.S. Implementing Organization and the ship’s personnel to organize events for the public. Two such events are highlighted below. 2010: During the JOIDES Resolution port call in Victoria, lectures and guided tours on the ship were organized for the public on September 6-8 by Ocean Leadership in collaboration with IODP-Canada and Ocean Networks Canada. Kiyoshi Suyehiro (IODP-MI President), Catherine Mével (ECORD Managing Agency Chair) and Anne de Vernal
(IODP-Canada Chair) participated in the event, which was covered by the local press. During the port call, about 150 people had the opportunity to visit the JOIDES Resolution and more than 70 people attended the public lectures by Earl Davis and Michael Riedel. Both lectures emphasized the relevance of deep-sea observatories to document in situ processes beneath the sea-floor in real time.
2013: IODP-Canada offered several public tours of the JOIDES Resolution during the recent portcall in Victoria. A total of 5 tours, each lasting ~75 minutes, were held on May 9-10 led by Kathy Gillis, Earl Davis and Sarah Thornton. Over 50 students, researchers and faculty from local universities and various levels of government participated. A full report, photo gallery, and press coverage can be found on the IODP-Canada website: http://www.iodpcanada.ca/news/canadian-portcall-of-the-joides-resolution In addition to the educational importance of these activities, each of these port calls generated about $500,000 of revenue for the Canadian economy.
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7.3. Distinguished Lecturer Program The Distinguished Lecturer Program is a lecture series sponsored by ECORD since 2007, which is designed to bring the exciting scientific discoveries of the IODP to the geosciences community. Three lecturers, one representing each of IODP’s scientific themes, are selected every two years. Since the beginning of the series, many institutions across Canada have hosted an ECORD lecturer. Importantly, two Canadians have been named a Distinguished Lecturer; both have been invited to give seminars at institutions from almost every ECORD country.
• 2010-2012: Dominique Weis (UBC) • 2012-2014: Claude Hillaire-Marcel (UQAM)
7.4. Other communications The Canadian community is kept informed in real time of all IODP-related activities and opportunities through email (average 3-4 per month) and the website (updated regularly). Note that a new IODP-Canada website (www.iodpcanada.ca) was launched in May 2011. The website features additional content and an updated layout that provides an attractive and more logical interface for visitors to access information. We contribute content for various semi-annual IODP publications, including the Scientific Drilling journal and ECORD Newsletters (notably, "A Letter from Canada" was featured in the October 2012 edition of the ECORD Newsletter). Key publications are mailed to university administrators (e.g., VP Research) and CCOD members.
8. Canadian Perspective in the New IODP Program (2013-‐2023) The program recently transitioned from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (2003-2013) to the International Ocean Discovery Program (2013-2023), which officially began on October 1, 2013. This new ten-year scientific endeavor benefits from a revised management structure and scientific framework guided by a new science plan: Illuminating Earth's Past, Present, and Future. The science plan addresses pressing scientific, economic and social priorities within four themes: Climate and Ocean Change, Biosphere Frontiers, Earth Connections and Earth in Motion. The current funding from NSERC to participate in IODP though ECORD membership ended in 2013, without possibility of renewal because NSERC’s Major Resource Support program is under moratorium. Therefore, the Canadian ocean drilling community is facing a difficult situation for the next years. Canadian membership contribution to IODP is absolutely indispensable for (1) participation in expeditions as onboard or shore-based scientists; (2) participation in the planning of scientific priorities and strategies; (3) submission of proposals for drilling; (4) access to core repositories, curatorial facilities and samples; and (5) participation in summer schools and other training activities.
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Access to the program’s unique infrastructure and resources is essential for the research and training activities of the Canadian marine sciences community, particularly in key research areas, many of which are located off our eastern and western coasts and in the Arctic Ocean and that are critical to Canada’s national strategic interests. Canadian participation in the new program is especially important considering the priority given to Arctic drilling and marine geohazards by IODP in the forthcoming years. Several expeditions in the Arctic are currently planned (see Table 3) with the JOIDES Resolution (funding from NSF) and MSPs (main funding from ECORD). Canadian participation in IODP beyond 2013 and involvement in international Arctic drilling will depend upon the contribution to membership in ECORD or to the JOIDES Resolution. Support from Canadian governmental agencies is crucial.
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References
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Cook, C.P., van de Flierdt, T., Williams, T., Hemming, S.R. and 38 others. (2013) Dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet during Pliocene warmth. Nature Geoscience, 6, 765–769
Deschamps, P., Durand, N., Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Camoin, G., Thomas, A.L., Okuno, J. and Yokoyama, Y. (2012) Ice-sheet collapse and sea-level rise at the Bolling warming 14,600 years ago. Nature, 483, 559-564
de Vernal, A. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. (2008) Natural Variability of Greenland Climate, Vegetation and Ice Volume during the Last Million Years. Science, 320, 1622-1625.
Poirier. A. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. (2011) Improved Os‐isotope stratigraphy of the Arctic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 38, L14607.
Seki, O., Foster, G.L., Schmidt, D.N., Mackensen, A., Kawamura, K. and Pancost, R.D. (2010) Alkenone and boron-based Pliocene pCO2 records. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 292, 201–211.
Wilson, D., Teagle, D., Alt, J. C., Banerjee, N. R. and 48 others. (2006) Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust. Science, 312, 1016-1020.
Wortmann, U.G. and Paytan, A. (2012) Rapid Variability of Seawater Chemistry Over the Past 130 Million Years. Science, 337 (6092), 334-336.
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Appendix 1: List of Canadian Users
Name Status Affiliation Province Field of Research
Achab, Aicha A Institut national de la recherche scientifique QC Biostratigraphy
Aksu, A. A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Paleoceanography
Akuesson, Whitney A U. of Ottawa ON Geography Alirezaei, Saeed A U. of Ottawa ON Stable isotopes Arnaud, Emmanuelle A U. of Guelph ON Sedimentology, glacial geology Atkinson, G. A U. of Western Ontario ON Earthquake hazards Bai, Liping A McGill University QC Volcanology
Baker, Don A McGill University QC Igneous processes, experimental geochemistry
Banerjee, Neil A U. of Western Ontario ON Biogeochemistry, petrology Barendregt, R. W. A U. of Lethbridge AB Geography, climate change
Barris, Elissa A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Bauer, Kohen A U. of Toronto ON Marine chemistry Beaudoin, G. A Université Laval QC Hydrothermal systems Beaumont, Chris A Dalhousie University NS Tectonics
Bentley, Sam A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Sedimentology
Blais-Stevens, Andree G Natural Resources Canada ON Landslide hazards Blasco, Steve G Natural Resources Canada NS Quaternary geology
Blenet, Aurelien A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Boerner, David G Natural Resources Canada ON Geophysics
Bollman, Jörg A U. of Toronto ON Micropaleontology, plankton evolution
Bongajum, E. L. A U. of Toronto ON Seismology Bornhold, Brian A U. of Victoria BC Marine geology Bown, Todd A U. of Alberta AB Geophysics Brant, Casey A U. of Victoria BC Marine biology
Brenan, James A U. of Toronto ON Igneous and hydrothermal processes
Brennan, Catherine A U. of Victoria BC Paleoclimatology
Bronsard, H-P A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Science, Technology and Society
Brown, David E G-I Canada-NS Offshore Petroleum Board NS Tectonism, sedimentation
Budkewitsch, Paul G Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada NU Mineral resources
Bui, Thi Hao A McGill University QC Gas hydrates
Bush, A. A U. of Alberta AB Paleoclimate, numerical modelling
Caddel, Matthew I British Petroleum AB Sedimentology Calvert, Andrew A Simon Fraser University BC Geophysics Calvert, Steve A U. of British Columbia BC Paleoceanography Cameron, Kevin A Simon Fraser University BC Mineralogy, petrology Caroza, David A McGill University QC Paleoclimatology Carpentier, Marion A U. of British Columbia BC Geochemistry
22
Chapman, Ross A U. of Victoria BC Geophysics, gas hydrates
Chan, Phoebe A U. of Toronto ON Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Chevalier, Mathieu A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Chou, T.-K. A École Polytechnique de Montréal QC Geophysics, mineral deposits Conly, Andrew A Lakehead University ON Mineralogy Contenti, Sean A U. of Alberta AB Geophysics Coogan, L.A. A U. of Victoria BC Mantle and crustal petrology Cook, Lori G Dept. of Natural Resources NL Petroleum geology Corcoran, P.L. A U. of Western Ontario ON Sedimentology Cousens, Brian A Carleton University ON Petrology Cowling, Sharon A U. of Toronto ON Vegetation-climate modelling Cox, Nicholas A Peel District School Board ON Science teaching and outreach
Creaser, R. A U. of Alberta AB Geochronology, crustal evolution
Cruden, Sandy A U. of Toronto ON Tectonics
Dallimore, S. G Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Gas hydrates
Darbyshire, F.A. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Seismology
Daubois, Virginie A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Davis, Earl E. G Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Hydrogeology
de Vernal, A. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Micropaleontology
DeBond, Nicole A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Marine chemistry
Delinger, Mathieu A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoclimatology Deng, D. A U. of Toronto ON Mineral resources
Desiage, P-A A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Douglas, Karen A NEPTUNE Canada BC Ocean Science, observatories Douma, Stephanie I Nova Tox ON Natural toxicants Dittrich, Maria A U. of Toronto ON Biogeochemistry
Duchesne, M. G-A GSC-Quebec/Institut national de la recherche scientifique QC Geophysics
Eaton, D. A U. of Western Ontario ON Seismology Eckert, Thomas A U. of Toronto ON Microbiology Edwards, Nigel A U. of Toronto ON Geophysics, marine exploration Enachescu, M I MGM Energy Corp. AB Rifted margins, oil exploration
Enkin, R. G Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Geophysics, gas hydrates
Evangelatos, John A Dalhousie University NS Tectonics, geophysics Eyles, N. A U. of Toronto ON Sedimentology, glacial geology Fitzpatrick, Ashley I The Telegram NL Journalism Forte, A. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Geodynamics Francis, Don A McGill University QC Mantle processes Francis, Mike A U. of Ottawa ON Earth science François, R. A U. of British Columbia BC Marine geochemistry
Francus, P. A Institut national de la recherche scientifique QC
Sedimentology, paleoclimatology
Frechette, Bianca A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Palynology Fryer, Brian A U. of Windsor ON Analytical geochemistry Furlong, Jon A U. of Victoria BC Marine geology, geophysics
Galbraith, Eric A McGill University QC Geochemistry, paleoceanography
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Gaonach, Helene A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Volcanology, magma rheology Garcia, Therese A U. of Toronto ON Mineralogy Gbadeyan, Ruth A U. of Ottawa ON Earth science Gibb, Olivia A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoceanography
Gillis, Kathryn A U. of Victoria BC Hydrothermal systems, petrology
Goulet, Normand A McGill University QC Structural geology Graham, Kathleen A McGill University QC Hydrothermal processes Grattan, Keith I Elemental Controls Ltd. ON Portable analysers Greenwood, David A Brandon University MB Environmental science
Grieve, Richard G Natural Resources Canada-Ottawa ON Meteoritic impacts
Griffith, Fritz A U. of Ottawa ON Paleoclimatology Guignard, Constance A McGill University QC Geochemistry Haberzettl, Torsten A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoclimatology Halfar, Jochen A U. of Toronto ON Geochemistry, paleoclimatology Hanano, Diane A U. of British Columbia BC Geochemistry
Hannington, Mark A U. of Ottawa ON Hydrothermal systems, ore deposits
Hardie, Rebecca A U. of Ottawa ON Earth science Harmes, R.A. G Natural Resources Canada NS Paleoceanography Harris, Sara A U. of British Columbia BC Paleoceanography, education Harrison, Lauren A U. of British Columbia BC Mantle geochemistry
Head, Martin A Brock University ON Micropaleontology, iostratigraphy
Hébert, Réjean A Université Laval QC Petrology
Heeseman, Martin G Geological Survey of Canada - Pacific BC Hydrogeology
Hennissen, Jan A U. of Toronto ON Palynology Herod, Matt A U. of Ottawa ON Geochemistry Hicock, S.R. A U. of Western Ontario ON Quaternary paleoclimatology Hicock, Stephen A U. of Western Ontario ON Quaternary geology
Higgins, Michael A UQAC QC Igneous and metamorphic petrology
Hildebrand, Alan A U. of Calgary AB Planetary science Hillaire-Marcel, C. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoceanography
Hiscott, R. A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Sedimentology
Hubert-Theou, Lucie A McGill University QC
Climate change, ocean chemistry
Hyndman, Roy D. G-A Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Gas hydrates, geophysics
Izawa, Matthew A U. of Western Ontario ON Mineralogy, biogeochemistry
Jackson, R. G Natural Resources Canada-Atlantic NS Arctic paleoceanography
Jaegle, Matthieu A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Jansson, Ida A U. of Toronto ON Paleoclimatology Jaouich, Alfred A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Environmental geology Jebrak, Michel A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Mineral resources Ji, Shaocheng A École Polytechnique de Montréal QC Tectonics, seismology
Jingyi, Chen A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Geophysics
Jones, Brian A U. of Alberta AB Petroleum geology Joyal, Gabriel A Université Laval QC Submarine hazards
24
Juniper, K A U. of Victoria BC Microbiology, benthic ecology Kendell, Kris G Nova Scotia Dept. of Energy NS Petroleum geology
Kienast, Markus A Dalhousie University NS Geochemistry, paleoceanography
Kilfoil, Gerry G Dept. of Natural Resources NL Geophysics King, Clayton A Bell Island Museum NL Geoscience education
King, Edward G Natural Resources Canada-Atlantic NS Quaternary marine geology
Konhauser, K. A U. of Alberta AB Geomicrobiology Kulin, Ian A Ocean Networks Canada BC Engineering Lajeunesse, P. A Université Laval QC Geomorphology, geo-hazards Lamana, Thais A McGill University QC Paleoclimatology Lamothe, Michel A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Stratigraphy, geochronology Larmagnat, Stephanie A Université Laval QC Biosedimentology
Layne, Graham A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Analytical geochemistry
Lebel, Daniel G Natural Resources Canada ON Earth science Lebel, Denis G Natural Resources Canada ON Mining and mineral science Leite, Gisele A U. of Toronto ON Earth science
Lemay-Tougas, M. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Lewkowicz, Antoni A U. of Ottawa ON Geography, permafrost Limoges, Audrey A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoclimatology
Lisé-Pronovost, A A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC Paleoceanography
Locat, Jacques A Université Laval QC Geological hazards
Londero, Jane A Vanier Catholic Secondary School YT Math and Science Education
Longpre, M-A A McGill University QC Volcanology Longstaffe, F.J. A U. of Western Ontario ON Geochemistry Lopez, Caroll A U. of Victoria BC Gas hydrates Louden, Keith A Dalhousie University NS Rifted margins, geophysics
Lu, Hailong G
Steacie Inst. for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council ON Gas hydrates
Mantilla-Duran, F. A Brock University ON Paleoceanography Mareschal, J-C A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Continental lithosphere Markovic, Stefan A U. of Toronto ON Marine geology Martindale, Marina A U. of British Columbia BC Petrology, geochemistry McCarthy, F. A Brock University ON Palynology
McIlroy, Duncan A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Petroleum geology
Meldrum, Robert G Geological Survey of Canada - Pacific BC Engineering
Miklkereit A U. of Toronto ON Geophysics Milkereit, Bernd A U. of Toronto ON Exploration geophysics
Monecke, Thomas A U. of Ottawa ON Hydrothermal systems, ore deposits
Moran, Kate A Ocean Networks Canada BC Marine geotechnics, hazards Morisset, C.-E. I Golder Associates QC Petrology, geochemistry
Mosher, David G-A Natural Resources Canada-Atlantic NS Paleoceanography, geohazards
Mossman, David A Mount Allison University NB Geography, environment
Muehlenbachs, K. A U. of Alberta AB Paleoclimate, ocean-rock interaction
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Mungall, James A U. of Toronto ON Magmatic ore deposits Nesbitt, H.W. A U. of Western Ontario ON Geochemistry Nobre Silva, Ines A U. of British Columbia BC Mantle geochemistry
Norris, Geoff A U. of Toronto ON Micropaleontology, biostratigraphy
Not, Christelle A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Quaternary paleoclimatology Novak, Anthony A Dalhousie University NS Paleoclimatology
Nowlan, Godfrey G Natural Resources Canada AB Micropaleontology, biostratigraphy
Oakes, Rosie A U. of Toronto ON Microbiology Oluwaseyi, Ayoky A U. of Alberta AB Paleoclimatology Ouellet-Bernier, M.M. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Paquette, Jeanne A McGill University QC Mineralogy, carbonate geochemistry
Patton, Genna A U. of British Columbia BC Paleoceanography Pedersen, T. A U. of Victoria BC Paleoceanography Peltier, R. A U. of Toronto ON Geophysics, modelling Perry, Claire A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Geodynamics
Petrovic, Filip G Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada QC Policy and Research
Pickril, Dick G Natural Resources Canada NS Marine environmental geology
Piercey, Stephen A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Mineral deposits
Pinet, Nicolas G Geological Survey of Canada QC Sedimentology Pinti, Daniele A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Isotopic geochemistry
Piper, D G-A Natural Resources Canada-Atlantic, Dalhousie University NS Sedimentology
Plint, G. A U. of Western Ontario ON Sedimentology Poirier, Andre A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoceanography
Pospelova, Vera A U. of Victoria BC Marine ecology, micropaleontology
Powell, Brian I Cameco SK Geophysics Pratt, Brian A U. of Saskatchewan SK Sedimentology, paleontology
Pujol, Nicolas A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Radi, Taoufik A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Paleoceanography
Remillard, A.M. A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Riedel, Michael G Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Gas hydrates
Ripmeester, J. G
Steacie Inst. for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council ON Gas hydrates
Robin, Catherine G NRCan – Geodetic Survey Division ON
Cryosphere dynamics, paleoclimate
Robin, P.-Y. A U. of Toronto ON Crystallography, tectonics
Robinson, P. T. A Dalhousie University NS Hydrothermal systems, petrology
Rochon, A. A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC Micropaleontology
Rotella, Melissa A U. of Victoria BC Volcanology Rowe, Christie A McGill University QC Structural geology
Rowe, Jeff I Fugro Gravity & Magnetic Services ON Geophysics
Roy, Martin A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Sedimentology
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Roy, Martin A Université du Québec à Montréal ON Quaternary geology Ruffman, Alan A-I Geomarine Associates Ltd. NS Structural geology Ryan, Anne-Marie A Dalhousie University NS Environmental geology
Salisbury, Matt G-A Natural Resources Canada-Atlantic NS Rock physics
Samolczyk, Mary A U. of Calgary AB Paleoclimatology Saucier, Dave A École Polytechnique de Montréal QC Geological engineering Schijns, Heather A U. of Alberta AB Geophysics
Schmitt, Doug A U. of Alberta AB Rock physics, borehole geophysics
Scholl, C. A U. of Toronto ON Gas hydrates Scholz, Natasja A U. of Victoria BC Submarine hazards Scoates, J.S. A U. of British Columbia BC Petrology, geochemistry
Scott, D. A Dalhousie University NS Micropaleontology, sedimentology
Scott, S. A U. of Toronto ON Hydrothermal systems, ore deposits
Shin, Younglan A U. of Toronto ON Paleoclimatology Shoenbohm, Lindsay A U. of Toronto ON Climate and tectonic processes Simpson, Myrna A U. of Toronto ON Organic geochemistry Sonei, Roshanank A U. of Ottawa ON Carbonates Southam, G A U. of Western Ontario ON Geomicrobiology Spence, George A U. of Victoria BC Gas hydrates, geophysics
St-Onge, G. A Université du Québec à Rimouski QC Paleomagnetism
Stacey, Cooper A U. of Victoria BC Submarine hazards Stanley, Cliff A Acadia University NS Applied geochemistry
Stevenson, Ross A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Isotope geochemistry, trace elements
Stix, John A McGill University QC Volcanology Sun, Tian A U. of Victoria BC Hydrogeology Swidinsky, Andrei A U. of Toronto ON Geophysics Taylor, Brian I Jacques Whitford NS Marine geotechnical engineering
Thibodeau, Benoit A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Micropaleontology, geochemistry
Thorkelson, Derek A Simon Fraser University BC Tectonics, magmatism Thornton, Sarah A U. of Victoria BC Oceanography Tiampo, K. A U. of Western Ontario ON Geophysics Todd, Brian G Natural Resources Canada NS Marine environmental geology Torres, Andrea A U. of Regina SK Paleoenvironment Tremblay, A. A Université du Québec à Montréal QC Geodynamics Tsujita, C.J. A U. of Western Ontario ON Paleontology Velez, Maria A U. of Regina SK Paleoecology
Vodden, Christy A Canadian Geoscience Education Network ON Geoscience education
Wang, Kelin G Natural Resources Canada-Pacific BC Geodynamics
Webb, E. A U. of Western Ontario ON Paleoclimatology Weis, D. A U. of British Columbia BC Mantle dynamics, geochemistry
Welford, Kim A Memorial University of Newfoundland NL Seismology
Wells, Mathew A U. of Toronto ON Environmental fluid dynamics Whiticar, Michael A U. of Victoria BC Biogeochemistry Williams-Jones, A. A McGill University QC Fluid chemistry Willoughby, Ele A U. of Toronto ON Gas hydrates, geophysics
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Wing, Boswell A McGill University QC Geochemistry Wortmann, U. A U. of Toronto ON Microbiology Xie, Benson A U. of Toronto ON Earth science Yi, Y. A U. of Victoria BC Geochemistry Young, G.M. A U. of Western Ontario ON Paleoclimatology, geochemistry Zakharov, Igor I C-CORE NL Remote sensing A = Academic; G = Government; I = Industry