Ionic Bonds and Ionic

Compounds

IonsAtoms with a charge are called ions

Cation

Metals

+

Anions

Nonmetals

-

If an atom loses electrons it will become an

ion with a positive (+) charge

11 Protons +

11 electrons -

11 Protons +

10 Electrons -

Na

Cation

Na+

Positive Ions: Cations

Metals Positive IonsOnly metals will lose electrons to form positive

ions, or cations.

Some metals lose their

electrons more easily

than others and are said

to more reactive.

The alkali metals and the alkaline metals lose

their valence electrons easily and are the

most reactive metals.

Transition MetalsWhen forming ions, transition metals commonly

lose their s2 electrons, forming +2 ions.

However, many

transition metals can

also lose some of

their d electrons to

form +3 ions.

Some transition metals can lose electrons to

form ions with up to a +7 charge.

If an atom gains an electron it will become an ion

with a negative (-) Charge

17 Protons +

17 Electrons -

17 Protons +

18 Electrons -

Cl -

Anions

Cl

Nonmetals Negative Ions

Only nonmetals will gain electrons to form

negative ions, or anions.

Nonmetals will gain

enough electrons to

complete a full outer

valence configuration.

To designate an anion, the ending – ide is

added to the root name of the element.

Non-Metals

In order for an atom to lose an electron, it must

first be near an atom that will accept that electron

After the electron

exchange takes

place, the atoms

become two

oppositely charged

ions

Ion Exchange

Ionic BondsIons of opposite charges attract each other, in a

similar fashion to how opposite ends of magnets

attract each other, to form an ionic bond.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds

are held together

by an electrostatic

attraction force

between oppositely

charged ions.

Metal and Nonmetal

Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called

ionic compounds and have different properties

than their individual atoms.

Ionic Compounds

Explosive

Metal

Poisonous

GasTable Salt

Types of Ionic CompoundsWhen a metal forms an

ionic bond with oxygen

atoms, they are called

oxides.

When a metal forms

an ionic bond with

the halogens, they

from salts.

Aluminum Oxide

Lithium Chloride

Ionic Compounds

Sodium Chloride NaCl

When ionic compounds form, the negative

and positive ions become packed into

regular repeating patterns, or crystals.

When ionic compounds are dissolved in

water they can conduct electricity and so are

called electrolytes

Ionic Compounds

Na+

Cl-

K+

Mg+

Ca+

Ionic compounds have high melting and high

boiling points

Ionic Compounds

Sodium Chloride’s Melting Point = 8010C

Sodium Chloride’s Boiling Point = 14130C

Allows us the

separate ionic

compounds

through distillation