organic molecules - kubesclass.weebly.com
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Organic Molecules
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Plants use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide gas, CO2, and water, H2O, into sugar,
C6H12O6, and absorb the rest of their elements through their roots.
Plants
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Animals get all their elements from their food.
Animals
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Of all the elements, only about 25 are essential to living organisms.
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
Essential Elements
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Essential elements that occur in very small amounts are called trace elements
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
Trace Elements
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Five elements make up 97% of the mass of a human: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus..
Element % by mass in human body
Element % by mass in human body
Oxygen 65% Iron trace
Carbon 18.5% Zinc trace
Hydrogen 9.5% Copper trace
Nitrogen 3.3% Iodine trace
Calcium 1.5% Manganese trace
Phosphorus 1.0% Boron trace
Potassium 0.4% Chromium trace
Sulfur 0.3% Molybdenum trace
Sodium 0.2% Cobalt trace
Chlorine 0.2% Selenium trace
Magnesium 0.1% Fluorine trace
CHNOP
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MoleculesThe five most common elements in living
organisms are all non-metals and when they join together they are called molecules.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
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Molecules found in living organisms are called organic molecules or biomolecules.
Organic Molecules or Biomolecules
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There are four groups of biomolecules found in all living organisms.
1. Carbohydrates – Sugars and starches2. Lipids – Fats and Oils3. Proteins – Enzymes and Many Others4. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
Four Groups of Biomolecules
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The four biomolecules are large molecules made up of many smaller molecules called
monomers
GlucoseFructose
Sucrose
Monomers
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Each of the four biomolecule groups has a very specific
monomer
Carbohydrate …………. Monosaccharides
Lipids………………. Fatty Acids
Proteins ………………. Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids ………………. Nucleotides
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Each biomolecule group has a differentfunction within an organism.
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Carbohydrates provide a source of energy as well as structure.
Chitin
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Lipids provide energy, insulation, make up cell membranes and can prevent
water loss.
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Proteins provide structure, control chemical reactions, and are involved in
our immunity.
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Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, contain and use inherited genetic code
to produce proteins.
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The End