ionic bonds. ionic interactions between ions ions satisfy octet rule by loss or gain of e- to reach...
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IONIC BONDS
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IONIC• Interactions between ions• Ions satisfy octet rule by loss or gain
of e- to reach noble gas state
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• Na+ has + charge overall as Cl- has – charge overall
• This causes attraction of opposites• Charges evenly distributed on each atom• Complete transfer of electron (s)• NON-DIRECTIONAL
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• Result is a crystal lattice• Repeated pattern of + and – charges due to
electrostatic attraction• One of 4 universal forces, remember?• (Gravity, electrostatic/weak nuclear force,
electromagnetic and strong nuclear force)
LAB
• IONIC Compounds:• High electrostatic charge• Dull• Hard• Brittle• High mp and bp temps• NO electrical conductivity as solid or molten
Continued..
• Most soluble in water• Conductivity in solution• DO NOT exist as single unit like molecule• PACKED as solid in crystal each part of crystal
separate entity but all held as one
• Formula is NaCl• BUT bonded by six neighbors• Na32Cl32 also accurate• Write/record lowest ratio or simplest ratio of
ions• Called empirical formula(not really a molecule ratio same # varies)
LABIONIC Compounds:
• High electrostatic charge• Dull –no free e-
• Hard- strong electrostatic charge
• Brittle- shatter region of attraction-no bending-cleavage occurs- breaks on planes-repulsion between like ions
• High mp and bp temps- strong electrostatic charge
• NO electrical conductivity as solid or molten- no free electrons moving-charged particles locked
Continued..
• Most soluble in water-polarity of water pulls at each charge region
• Conductivity in solution- ions free and moving• DO NOT exist as single unit like molecule• PACKED as solid in crystal each part of crystal
separate entity but all held as one
Ionic Compound Nomenclature
• Each corner of symbol has reserved value
mass charge
Ca z=atomic # # of atoms
• Using ion chart, name of compound is combined names of cation and anion
• Numbers of each are not stated• Numbers of each ion implied in formula when
+ and – charges = 0