ITU Annual Regional Human Capacity Building Workshop for Sub-Saharan Countries in Africa

Mauritius, 28-30 June 2017

IoT – ITU-T Standards

Gyu Myoung Lee ITU-T Chair of FG-DPM, WP3/13 Co-chair, Q16/13 and Q4/20 Rapporteur

LJMU UK/ KAIST Korea gmlee@kaist.ac.kr

Part I: IoT Overview

The Internet of Things - Introduction

Ubiquitous Computing

Ubiquitous Connectivity

The Internet-of-Things

+

=

Ambient Intelligence Related technologies:

Item identification (“tagging things”) Sensors and WSNs (“feeling things”) Embedded systems (“thinking things”) Nanotechnology (“shrinking things”)

Tangible Media Bridging the gap between the physical and virtual world

(Mark Weiser, Xerox Parc)

(ITU)

3

IoT Infrastructure

• Enhancements of networking/ service scope/capabilities • Extension of service • Extension of network • Extension of end-user

Source: Technology 2020 (The Future Company)

Challenges – readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable and/or controllable via the Internet

4

The three viewpoints of the Internet of Things

(Inter)NetworkingThings/Objects

Complex systems

AddressingIdentification

RFID

Smart Objects

Smart Spaces

Wireless Sensor & Actuator Networks

AI/AutonomicsSemantics

Resource Management

Embedded computing

Energy harvesting

Interactions

Discovery

SecurityPrivacy

Networking technologies

Heterogeneity

Dynamicity

M2M

Web of Things

Data management

Business modelsGovernance

Interoperability

Energy efficiency

Service creationSOA/SOC

e.g. Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy

Complex Distributed Systems

Things/Objects(Inter)Networking

Technology Convergence

(Source) Gyu Myoung Lee, et al., “Internet of Things,” in a book “Evolution of Telecommunication services,” LNCS, volume 7768, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-41568-5, pp.257~282, 2013.

5

The Promise of the IoT

• Characteristics of the IoT – IP connectivity – Personalization – Intelligence – Tagging objects – Smart devices

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Evolution of Smart Objects

Technical evolution

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Machine to Machine

Interconnection of Things

Web of Things

Emergence of technologyIncrease of interactions

Collaborating people and objects

Connecting to any objects

Connecting to machines/devices

Evolution of Web

• Kevin Kelly: Predicting the next 5,000 days of the web – Linking computers (The Net) – Linking pages (The Web) – Linking data (The One) – Linking things (The World)

8

Ref) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDYCf4ONh5M

From the IoT to the WoT

9

Each Physical entity can be part of the Web. Physical entities are marked in the real-world and become a part of the virtual world.

The integration of the physical world with the Web offers unique opportunities to enable ubiquitous computing applications.

Web enabled objects

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• Delivering web content – Capacity to query and process data

streams • Publishing content

– Capacity to send data through APIs • Triggering other objects

– Capacity to interoperate and share data

• Adapting their behavior – Capacity to interpret data steams

Design EffortHighLow

Use

r Val

ue

Low

High

Web1.0top-down

applications

Web2.0bottom-upapplications

Internet-of-ThingsDiY

applications

Design EffortHighLow

Use

r Val

ue

Low

High

Web1.0top-down

applications

Web2.0bottom-upapplications

Internet-of-ThingsDiY

applications

User-created Web-of-Things Applications Web’s easy application creation

IoT’s abundance of connected smart objects

IoT vision and impact

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IoT Applications

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Internet of Things and People (SIoT)

• Use the Internet of Things to connect people – Enriching the Internet of Things by people’s content

• Collaborative Device Communities – Social networking + Internet of Things

Cyber Physical Systems Cyber Physical Social Systems

13 (Source) Fei-Yue Wang, “The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, July 2010

Cyber Physical Social System

Part II: ITU-T Study Group 20 (IoT and Smart Cities & Communities)

Internet of Things Definition

• A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies.

• NOTE 1 – Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled.

• NOTE 2 – From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications.

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ITU-T Recommendation Y.2060: Overview of IoT (June 2012)

17

IoT Reference Model

ITU-T Y.2060 18

ITU-T SG20 New Structure

Title

Working Party 1

Question 1/20 End to end connectivity, networks, interoperability, infrastructures and Big Data aspects related to IoT and SC&C

Question 2/20 Requirements, capabilities, and use cases across verticals

Question 3/20 Architectures, management, protocols and Quality of Service

Question 4/20 e/Smart services, applications and supporting platforms

Working Party 2

Question 5/20 Research and emerging technologies, terminology and definitions

Question 6/20 Security, privacy, trust and identification

Question 7/20 Evaluation and assessment of Smart Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Q1/20 End to end connectivity, networks, interoperability,

infrastructures and Big Data aspects related to IoT and SC&C Work Item Title

Y.4454 (ex Y.SC-platform) Platforms interoperability for smart cities

Y.frame-scc Framework and high-level requirements of smart cities and communities

Y.fsn Framework and Service scenarios for Smartwork

Y.infra Overview of city infrastructure

Y.ism-ssc A Technical Framework of Integrated Sensing & Management for Smart Sustainable Cities

Y.isw-ssc The Integrated Sensor Web Resource Metadata for Smart Sustainable Cities

Y.SC-infra-TS Telecommunication systems as infrastructure in smart cities and communities

Y.SC-OpenData Framework of Open Data in Smart Cities

Y.SC-Overview An overview of smart cities and communities and the role of information and communication technologies

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Q2/20 (1) Requirements, capabilities, and use cases across verticals

Work Item Title

Supp.-Y.IoT Scenarios for Developing Countries Scenarios of Implementing Internet of Things in networks of developing countries

Supp-Y.IoT-Use-Cases IoT Use Cases

Y.2067 Common requirements and capabilities of a gateway for Internet of Things applications

Y.4114 (ex Y.IoT-BigData-reqts) Specific requirements and capabilities of the IoT for Big Data

Y.Accessibility-IoT Accessibility requirements for the Internet of things applications and services

Y.IoT-AC-reqts Requirements for accounting and charging capabilities of the Internet of Things

Y.IoT-GP-Reqts Requirements for an IoT enabled network to support applications for global processes of the earth

Y.IoT-ITS-framework Framework of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems based on the Internet of Things

Y.IoT-Retail-Reqts Requirements and reference model of IoT applications for smart retail stores 21

Q2/20 (2) Requirements, capabilities, and use cases across verticals

Work Item Title

Y.IoT-things-description-reqts Requirements of things description in the Internet of Things

Y.IoT-WDS-Reqts Requirements and capabilities of Internet of Things for support of wearable devices and related services

Y.SEM Requirements and capability framework of Smart Environmental Monitoring

Y.SmartMan-IIoT-overview Overview of Smart Manufacturing in the context of Industrial Internet of Things

Y.Smartport Requirements of smart management of supply services in smart port

Y.SRC Requirements for deployment of smart services in Rural Communities

Y.TPS-req Requirements of transportation safety service including use cases and service scenarios

Y.WPT-usecase Use cases of Wireless Power Transfer Application Service

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Q3/20 Architectures, management, protocols and Quality of Service

Work Item Title

Supp-Y.IPv6-IoT IPv6 Potential for the Internet of Things and Smart Cities

Y.gw-IoT-arch Functional architecture of gateway for IoT applications

Y.IoT-ics Requirements and functional architecture of Open IoT identity correlation service

Y.IoT-NCE Reference architecture for IoT network service capability exposure

Y.IoT-sd-arch Functional architecture of Service Discovery for Interworking between Heterogeneous IoT Platforms

Y.IoT-son Framework of self-organization network in the IoT environments

Y.IPv6RefModel Reference Model of IPv6 Subnet Addressing Plan for Internet of Things Deployment

Y.IPv6-suite Reference Model of Protocol Suite for IPV6 interoperable Internet of Things Deployments

Y.NGNe-IoT-arch Architecture of the Internet of Things based on NGNe

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Q4/20 e/Smart services, applications and supporting platforms

Work Item Title

Y.del-fw Framework of delegation service for the IoT devices

Y.IoT-SQ-룬 Service Functionalities of Self-quantification over Internet of things

Y.ISG-fr Framework of IoT-based Smart Greenhouse

Y.Pops Postproduction service of Smart Farming on the network

Y.Psfs Functional model for production service of Smart Farming

Y.SC-Residential Requirements of Smart Residential Communities

Y.smart-evacuation Framework of Smart Evacuation during emergencies in Smart Cities and Communities

Y.social-device Framework of the social device networking

Y.SPL Requirements and Reference Framework for Smart Parking Lots in smart city

Y.S니 Requirements and Reference Framework for Smart Street Light

Y.STD Reference Model for Smart Tourist Destinations: platform interoperability and functionalities

Y.TPS-afw Architectural framework for providing transportation safety service

Y.WoO-hn Service capability and architecture in web of objects enabled home network 24

Q5/20 Research and emerging technologies, terminology and

definitions

Work Item Title

Y.CrowdSystems (ex Y.Req-Arch-CS)

Requirements and Functional Architecture of IoT-related Crowdsourced Systems

Y.HEP Framework for Home Environment Profiles and Levels of IoT Systems

Y.SCC-Terms Vocabulary for Smart Cities and Communities

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Q6/20 Security, privacy, trust and identification

Work Item Title

Y.4805 (ex Y.SC-Interop)

Identifier service requirements for the interoperability of Smart City applications

Y.IoT-DA-Counterfeit Information Management Digital Architecture to combat counterfeiting in IoT

Y.IoT-Interop An Interoperability framework for IoT

Y.IoT-IoD-PT Identity of IoT devices based on secure procedures and ensures privacy and trust of IoT systems

Y.IoT-sec-safety Security capabilities supporting safety of the Internet of Things

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Q7/20 Evaluation and assessment of Smart Sustainable Cities and

Communities

Work Item Title

Y.IoT-EH-PFE Performance evaluation frameworks of e-health systems in the IoT

Y.ODI Open Data Indicator in smart cities

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New work items (March 2017) TD reference Questi

on Working title Title

TD 185 Rev.1 Q1/20 Y.SSCP "Requirements for interoperability of smart and sustainable city platforms based on a layered model"

TD 179 Rev.2 Q2/20 Y.IoT-NCM-reqts "Requirements and capabilities of network connectivity management in the Internet of Things"

TD 186 Rev.1 Q2/20 Y.IoT-AERS-reqts

"Requirements and capability framework for IoT-based automotive emergency response system"

TD 183 Rev.1 Q3/20 Y.IoT-rmc "Reference architecture of accessing IoT resources for management and control"

TD 234 Q4/20 Y.energy-mMG "Application model for energy services on multiple microgrids"

TD 217 Q4/20 Y.IoT-BoT-fw "Framework of blockchain of things as decentralized service platform"

TD 219 Q4/20 Y.STIS-fdm "Function description and metadata of Spatio-temporal Information Service for SSC"

TD 237 Q4/20 Y.smart-evacuation

"Framework of Smart Evacuation during emergencies in Smart Cities and Communities"

TD 212 Q4/20 Y.SSL "Requirements and Reference Framework for Smart Street Light"

TD 123 Rev.1 Q5/20 TR.AI4IoT Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things

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Creation of SG20 Regional Groups

• SG20 decided to create the following four regional groups: – ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for Eastern Europe, Central Asia and

Transcaucasia (TD 117) See: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/20/sg20rgeecat/Pages/default.aspx

– ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Latin America Region (TD 118 Rev.1) See: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/20/sg20rglatam/Pages/default.aspx

– ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Africa Region (TD 119 Rev.2) See: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/20/sg20rgafr/Pages/default.aspx

– ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Arab Region (TD 120 Rev.2) See: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/20/sg20rgarb/Pages/default.aspx

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ITU-T FG-DPM

• SG20 created a new Focus Group on "Data Processing and Management to support IoT and Smart Cities & Communities".

• Overall objectives: • promote the establishment of trust-based data

management frameworks for IoT and SC&C • investigate existing and emerging technologies • Identify and address standardization gaps and challenges

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https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/dpm/Pages/default.aspx

From Data to Actionable Knowledge • The data production and access chain

• The process chain for physical-world data on the Web

31 “From Data to Actionable Knowledge: Big data challenges in the WoT,” IEEE Intelligent System, 2014

Data-driven cyber-physical-social systems

32

“A Data-Centric Framework for Cyber-Physical-Social Systems”, IEEE IT Professional, Nov.-Dec. 2015.

Conclusion – Putting all together

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Network Connectivity (The ongoing convergence of

evolution of devices)

Computing Clouds

(Deployment of large shared infrastructure)

Big Data (Accumulation of data from

sensors and social networks)

Trust