“IOT Based smart bus tracking system”

Rahul Wagh9604068909

Instead of referring to GPS-enabled location information, we resort to more generally available and energy efficient sensing resources, including cell tower signals, movement statuses, audio recordings, etc., which bring less burden to the participatory party and encourage their participation. We develop a prototype system with different types of Android-based mobile phones and comprehensively experiment with the NTU campus shuttle buses as well as Singapore public buses over a 7-week period. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed system achieves outstanding prediction accuracy compared with those bus operator initiated and GPS supported solutions. We further adopt our system and conduct quick trial experiments with London bus system for 4 days, which suggests the easy deployment of our system and promising system performance across cities. At the same time, the proposed solution is more generally available and energy friendly.

Introduction

Block diagram

Block diagram explanation

• In this project PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand.

• For doing so a PIC16F877A microcontroller is interfaced serially to a ZigBee Modem and GPS Receiver. A ZigBee modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place.

• The GPS modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle.

• The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD.

• The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number.

• The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. • The design uses RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the

microcontroller.

• A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage 12 levels to RS-232 voltage levels.

• When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude.

• As the Micro Controller, GPS and ZigBee take a sight of in depth knowledge, they are explained in the next chapters.

HARDWARE USED:

1. ZigBee module.2. Computer with rs232.                                 3. Power supply.4. GPS module.5. PIC16F877A.6. RFID reader.7. Other Electronics Components.

SOFTWARE USED:

8. Embedded ‘C’.9. VB.NET.10. MPLAB

Hardware and Software Used

Power supply

Power Supply Circuit

V D D

V D D

C 70 . 1 u F

J P 2

2 2 0 V A C

12

- +

D 1 1

4

3

2

U 27 8 0 5

1

3

2V I N

GN

D

V O U T

C 61 0 0 u F

C 54 7 0 u F

R 42 2 0 o h m

D 2

L E D

Power Supply – Circuit Description

• The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying the AC voltage, Then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower DC voltage, Which remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load connected to the DC voltage changes.

Microcontroller

About Microcontroller

• PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for this project• It is 8-bit Microcontroller• System is RISC Architecture• It has Small set of Instruction set• It has 35-Instructions only• Compatibility: avail 28/40 Pin ICs

Microcontroller overview

• Operating Speed Max 20 MHz, Voltage-(2-5.5)v• Memory:

Flash Program 8Kx14 Words,

RAM 368 Bytes,

EEPROM Data Memory 256 Bytes• Low power, High speed Flash/EEPROM Technology

Features of Microcontroller

• It has 5 Ports for Internal and External usage• It has on chip Timers. 3 Timers are avail• It has in built Analog to Digital Converter• In built Multiplexer availability for signal Selection• It has serial as well as Parallel Communication facilities• In built Capture, Compare and Pulse width modulation

Pin Diagram

PIC16F877A microcontrollerV D D

M C L R

R XTX

R A 0

R B 7R B 6R B 5R B 4R B 3R B 2R B 1R B 0

R D 7R D 6R D 5R D 4R D 3R D 2R D 1R D 0

R C 2R C 3R C 4R C 5R C 6R C 7

R E 2R E 1R E 0R A 5R A 4R A 3R A 2R A 1

R C 0R C 1

R A 0

C 92 7 p F

C 82 7 p F

C 1 00 . 1 u F

P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7U 3

123456

11 32 12 31

789

1 0

1 31 4

1 51 61 71 8

1 92 0

3 33 43 53 63 73 83 94 0

2 82 93 0

2 12 2

2 42 52 6

2 7

2 3

M C L R /V p pR A 0 /A N 0R A 1 /A N 1R A 2 /A N 2 / V re f -R A 3 /A N 3 / V re f +R A 4 /T0 C K I

VD

D

VD

D

VS

S

VS

S

R A 5 /A N 4 / S SR E 0 /A N 5 / R DR E 1 /A N 6 / W RR E 2 /A N 7 / C S

O S C 1 / C L K I NO S C 2 / C L K O U T

R C 0 / T1 O S O / T1 C K IR C 1 / T1 O S I / C C P 2R C 2 / C C P 1R C 3 / S C K / S C L

R D 0 / P S P 0R D 1 / P S P 1

R B 0 / I N TR B 1R B 2

R B 3 / P G MR B 4R B 5

R B 6 / P G CR B 7 / P G D

R D 5 / P S P 5R D 6 / P S P 6R D 7 / P S P 7

R D 2 / P S P 2R D 3 / P S P 3

R C 5 / S D OR C 6 / TX/ C KR C 7 / R X/D T

R D 4 / P S P 4

R C 4 / S D I / S D A

Y 1

4 M h z

R 61 k

R 52 2 0 o h m

S W 2

R E S E T

Zigbee Module

Zigbee module

• The XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules were engineered to meet IEEE 802.15.4 standards and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices.

• The modules operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band and are pin-for-pin compatible with each other

© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

802.15.4 / ZigBee Architecture

ZigBee

• Packet generation• Packet reception• Data transparency• Power Management

802.15.4 Architecture

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

• Channel acquisition• Contention mgt• NIC address• Error Correction

ZigBee

© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved

802.15.4 Architecture

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Applications

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz

PHY

• Network Routing• Address translation• Packet Segmentation

• Profiles

ZigBee

© 2008 Pantech Solutions™ | All rights reserved

Data Flow diagram

• The XBee®/XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules interface to a host device through a logic-level asynchronous serial port. Through its serial port, the module can communicate with any logic and voltage compatible UART; or through a level translator to any serial device (For example: Through a Digit proprietary RS-232 or USB interface board).

• We can use the EEPROM to store the previous Navigating positions up to 256 locations and we can navigate up to N number of locations by increasing its memory.

• We can reduce the size of the kit by using GPS+GSM on the same module.• We can increase the accuracy up to 3m by increasing the cost of the GPS receivers.• We can use our kit for detection of bomb by connecting to the bomb detector.• With the help of high sensitivity vibration sensors we can detect the accident.• Whenever vehicle unexpectedly had an accident on the road with help of vibration sensor we can

detect the accident and we can send the location to the owner, hospital and police.• We can use our kit to assist the traffic. By keeping the kits in the entire vehicles and by knowing

the locations of all the vehicles.• If anybody steals our car we can easily find our car around the globe. By keeping vehicle

positioning vehicle on the vehicle.

Future Scope

REFERENCES:

 1. Bus Transport in Singapore [Online]. Available:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Singapore 2. EZ-Link [Online]. Available: http://www.ezlink.com.sg 3. Octupus[Online]. Available: http://www.octopus.com.hk/home/en

 4. Oyster [Online]. Available: https://oyster.tfl.gov.uk/oyster

 5. PublicTransport@SG[Online]. Available : http://www.publictransport.sg/ 6. Buses in London [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_bus 7. Transport for London [Online]. Available: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/