IPM CRSP INTERNATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK: A GATEWAY TO IPM IMPLEMENTATIONSally A. Miller

Department of Plant Pathology

7th Int. IPM SymposiumMemphis, TN27 March 2012

International Plant Diagnostic Network (IPDN)

• Funded by USAID as part of IPM CRSP program, beginning 2005

• Plant disease and pest diagnostics

• Network of laboratories in Africa, Asia and Central America

• No regulatory or enforcement role; but communication with national plant health regulatory services is encouraged

Networking to Improve Diagnostic Efficiency

• Organized system of laboratories and personnel communicating with one another and working together

• Hierarchical structure

• Example: U.S. National Plant Diagnostic Network

Central Laboratory

Regional “hub” labs

“Spoke” or “node” labs

Communication with first responders: Farm agents, farmers, consultants, etc.

Disease Diagnostic Capacity in Africa: Baseline Survey 2006-2007

Component % adequate

East Africa West Africa

Standard laboratory workspace 65.2 76.2

Specialized workspace for molecular diagnostics/PCR 33.3 27.8

Standard laboratory equipment 43.5 47.6

Specialized equipment for molecular diagnostics/PCR 22.7 15.0

Specialized equipment for serological diagnostics 13.0 30.0

Laboratory supplies and consumables 40.9 42.9

Microscopes 45.8 57.1

Cameras 39.1 35.0

Computers 47.8 45.0

Internet access 50.0 42.9

Reference materials 22.7 21.1

Consistent electrical supply 69.6 60.0

Identified Capacity Development Needs – EA 2008• Additional in-depth training on high impact pest and

disease diagnosis• Equipment upgrades• Better access to biotech materials and supplies• Updated pest lists• Improved local diagnostics and surveillance capacity• Better means of reaching farmers – “Test, Don’t Guess”• Improved communication and cooperation among

pathologists and entomologists in AU• Access to library/reference materials• Diagnostics standardization across labs (SOPs)

IPDN Approach

• Introduce distance diagnostic and data management web portal

• Conduct training programs

• Harmonize diagnostic protocols (SOPs)

• Develop and test diagnostic assays

Training in Plant Diagnostics• Regional insect pest and

disease diagnosis training• Include local experts• Cooperate with IPM CRSP

Virus Global Theme and Regional programs

• Trainees mostly drawn from IPM CRSP RPs

• The Ohio State University• Advanced serological,

molecular and online diagnostics

Regional Hands-On Training Approaches• 20 workshops since 2006

• Horticultural crop focus• Initial stakeholder meetings (capacity assessment) + training• 466 professionals trained

• Evolution of training concepts• Broad general diagnostics

• Classical methods – symptoms, culturing, LFDs, squash blots (viruses), morphology

• DDIS-CIMS• Focused hands-on technology training with critical disease and

pest examples• Crop and technology focus• PCR, ELISA, DDIS-CIMS • SOP training

IPDN Professional Programs – Phase 1Country Year Type Women Men

Benin 2006 Stakeholder/Training 6 34

Guatemala 2006 Stakeholder/Training 9 21

Kenya 2007 Stakeholder/Training 16 42

USA (OH) 2007 Advanced Training – Diagnostics/SPS 14 11

Ghana 2008 1-day Networking 1 11

Uganda 2008 General Training 6 20

Guatemala 2008 General Training 7 26

Mali 2009 General Training 9 16

Kenya 2009 2-day SOP development 3 9

Guatemala 2009 General Training 7 13

Guatemala 2009 UF/FAS MAGA General Training 3 12

Guatemala 2009 APS OIP/Clemson – Nematode ID 4 14

Kyrgystan 2009 General Training 7 25

Total 92 (27%) 254

Benin, 2006

IPDN Professional Training– Phase II

Country Year Type Women Men

Indonesia 2010 General Training 9 11

Guatemala 2010 Focused Training - Ralstonia, Clavibacter, zebra chip, cyst nematode

10 20

Guatemala 2011 Focused Training - UF/FAS/IPDN Molecular diagnostics - Clavibacter

1 4

India 2011 Focused Training - Diagnostics and variability of plant viruses

8 7

Ghana 2011 Focused Training – Tomato diseases and pests

3 18

USA (OH) 2011 Clavibacter diagnostics - CA 1 -

Kenya 2012 SOP Development 6 8

Bangladesh 2012 Focused Training – TLCV, whitefly, Ralstonia, Papaya mealybug ID

8 6

Total 46 (38%) 74

Ghana 2011: Tomato Disease and Insect Pest Diagnostics

• Overviews -major diseases and pests

• Bacterial diseases• Culture, HR, serology

• Virus diseases• Sap transmission, serology, PCR

• Insect pests and vectors identification

• Fungal disease identification• Culturing, microscopy, serology

• Root knot nematode identification

• DDIS-CIMS training

• Diagnostics and IPM implementation

Diagnostics Workshop - Bangladesh

• Fundamentals• PCR• Serology• Bacterial pathogen ID• Insect-transmitted virus ID• Whitefly molecular markers• Biocontrol agent ID• DDIS

• Case Studies – Hands-on• Papaya mealybug• Ralstonia solanacearum• TLCV

Standard Operating Procedures• Background• Symptoms• Signs• Media recipes• Serological tests• Biochemical tests• DNA extraction• PCR protocols

• Widely tested and validated

Standard Operating Procedures under IPDN Development – East AfricaCrop Problem & pest Status

Passion fruit Woodiness - Passion fruit woodiness virusDieback complex/collar rot - Fusarium, PhytophthoraBrown spot - Alternaria passilforae

In ReviewEarly DraftEarly Draft

Tomato Bacterial wilt - Ralstonia solanacearumRoot knot - Meloidogyne spp.Viruses – TYLCV, TMV, TSWV, CMV

In ReviewIn ReviewEarly Draft

Banana Bunchy top – Banana bunchy top virusPanama disease – Fusarium oxysporum

Final DraftFinal Draft

Onion Purple blotch - Alternaria porriThrips - Thrips tabaciNeck rot - BotrytisDowny mildew - Peronospora destructor

In ReviewFinal DraftEarly DraftEarly Draft

Wide range Fruit Fly - Bactrocera invadens - Ceratitis capitata

In ReviewIn Review

Chili pepper CMV and other viruses Final Draft

Long-Term Training Program Type Country Subject

Makerere Univ./OSU

Sandwich M.Sc. Uganda Virology, diagnostics

Univ. Dakar/UC-Davis

Sandwich M.Sc. Senegal Bacteriology, diagnostics

Jomo Kenyatta/OSU

Sandwich Ph.D. Kenya Virology, diagnostics

BSMRAU/OSU Sandwich Ph.D. Bangladesh Nematology, diagnostics

OSU M.Sc. Nepal Diagnostics, biocontrol

OSU Ph.D. Nepal Diagnostics, biocontrol

Thank you!• Ohio State University

• Mark Erbaugh• Melanie Lewis Ivey• Fulya Baysal-Gurel• Nagendra Subedi

• Virginia Tech• Sue Tolin • Muni Muniappan• Doug Pfeiffer, Don Mullins• George Norton, Jeff Alwang

• Univ. Florida• Carrie Lapaire Harmon• Tim Momol, P. Vergot• Jiannong Xin

• UC-Davis - Bob Gilbertson

• Penn State - Ed Rajotte

• Makerere University – Uganda• Sam Kyamanywa, Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula

• Kenya Agricultural Res Inst • Zachary Kinyua, Monicah Waiganjo

• Sokoine Univ of Agriculture - TZ• Amon Maerere, Delphina Mamiro

• IITA• Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Fen Beed

• University of Ghana-Legon• Eric Cornelius, Rodney Owusu-Darko

• Agroexpertos – Guatemala• Marco Arevalo

• Univ. del Valle• Margarita Palmieri

• Tamil Nadu Agricultural University• Mohan Kumar, Karthi Keyan

• Bangladesh Agricultural Res Inst• Yousuf Mian, M. Rahman, S. Nahar