is lm autonoma
TRANSCRIPT
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EJERCICIOS DE IS LM
ECONOMÍA
DOCENTEMG. SOLEDAD MALPICA CÁCERES
ALFARO CHAVEZ, GEORGELI ASLYBORJA TORRES, MONICA WENDYCASTILLA MEDRANO, ARTURO CAYETANO BRIONES, JOSEHP AXELDAVALOS HUAYANCA, NATALY DELGADO REYES, CLAUDIAHUAMAN CARRASCO JEAN PAULHUAMANI RIVEROS, BLANCA ROSAHUINCHA PEREZ, EDISONHURTADO FLORES, KENYI LAIME CORDOVA, KATHERIN LEON PUMAYLLE, GISELA JUDITHLLERENA URRUTIA, BRENDA LUCIAMORI TORRES, TRACY IDALIASALINAS DENEGRI, ANA ROSASULCA CHOQUECCAHUANA, TONY TUÑOQUE HINOSTROZA, CLAUDIA VARGAS ARCA, DESIREE CAROLINAVILLAFUERTE ESTEBAN, OMAR
COLABORADORES:
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MUCHAS GRACIAS
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* En el modelo IS – LM se tiene:
Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios.
C = 480 + 0.65YdC = 480 + 0. 65(Y – 400)C = 480 + 0. 65Y – 260C = 220 + 0. 65Y
Y = 220 + 0. 65Y + 600 – 480i + 850Y =1670 + 0. 65Y – 480iY – 0. 65Y = 1670 – 480i
0. 35Y = 1670 – 480i
Y =
IS
Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de dinero.
0. 25Y – 500i = 10000. 25Y = 1000 + 500i
Y =
LM
DATOS
Mercado de Bienes y Servicios:
C: 480 + 0. 65YdI: 600 – 480iG: 850T: 400Yd: Y – T
Mercado de Dinero:M/P: 1000M/P: 0. 25Y – 500i
Política Fiscal:G’: 900
Política Monetaria:M/P’: 1100
1er paso:
PBI = C + I + G
2do paso:
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Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
=
(1670 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1000 + 500i) 0. 35
417. 5 – 120i = 350 + 175i417. 5 – 350 = 175i + 120i
67.5 = 295i = i
0. 2288 = i
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 457. 6457
3er paso:
IS=LM
PUNTO A:i = 0. 2288
Y = 4, 457. 6457
Reemplazando IS:
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Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta el nuevo gasto (G’):
C + I + G’
Y = 220 + 0. 65Y + 600 – 480i + 900Y = 1720 + 0. 65Y – 480iY – 0. 65Y = 1720 – 480i
0. 35Y = 1720 – 480i
Y = IS’
= (1720 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1000 + 500i) 0. 35
430 – 120i = 350 + 175i430 – 350 = 175i + 120i
80 = 295i
0. 2712 = i
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 542. 3543 Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
4to paso:
IS’ = LM
Reemplazando IS’
PUNTO B:i = 0. 2712
Y = 4, 542. 3543
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Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta la nueva demanda de dinero.
0. 25Y – 500i = 11000. 25Y = 1100 + 500i
Y = LM’
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
=
(1670 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1100 + 500i) 0. 35
417. 5 – 120i = 385 + 175i417. 5 – 385 = 175i + 120i
32.5 = 295i
0. 1102 = i
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 620. 2971
5to paso:
PUNTO C:i = 0. 1102
Y = 4, 620. 2971
Reemplazando IS:
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Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 705. 1429
Aplicar las dos políticas juntas.
=
(1720 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1100 + 500i) 0. 35
430 – 120i = 385 + 175i430 – 385 = 175i + 120i
45 = 295i
0. 1525 = i
6to paso:
PUNTO D:i= 0.1525
Y=4,705.1429
Reemplazando IS´
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RESUMEN:1.- Equilibrio inicial.
Y =
Y =
IS
LM
PUNTO A:i = 0. 2288
Y = 4, 457. 6457
2.- Se aplica una política fiscal.
Y =
Y =
IS’
LM
PUNTO B:i = 0. 2712
Y = 4, 542. 3543
3.- Se aplica una política monetaria.
Y =
Y =
IS
LM’
PUNTO C:i = 0. 1102
Y = 4, 620. 2971
4.- Se aplica las dos políticas juntas.
Y =
Y =
IS’
LM’
PUNTO D:i = 0. 1525
Y = 4, 705. 1429
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PUNTO = i Y
A IS = LM 0. 2288 4, 457. 6457
B IS’ = LM 0. 2712 4, 542. 3543
C IS = LM’ 0. 1102 4, 620. 2971
D IS’ = LM’ 0. 1525 4, 705. 1429
GRÁFICA:
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0.23
0.100.110.120.130.140.150.160.170.180.190.200.21
0.240.22
0.250.260.270.280.29
4475
4400
4425
4450
4500
4600
4575
4550
4525
4675
4650
4625
4700
4725
4750
0.30
B
A
C
D
IS
LM
IS’
LM’
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CHÁCHARA
0. 2288 – 0. 2712
* 100 = 18. 5315%
i
Y 4, 457. 6457 – 4, 542. 3543
* 100 = 1. 9003%
Para evaluar la política fiscal, la tasa de interés aumenta 18. 5315%, y el ingreso
aumenta 1. 9003% (2%).
i 0. 2288 – 0. 1102
* 100 = 51. 84%
Y 4, 457. 6457 – 4, 620. 2971
* 100 = 3. 65%
Para evaluar la política monetaria, la tasa de interés disminuye 51. 84%, y el ingreso
aumenta 3. 65% (4%).
A B
A C
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0. 2288 – 0. 1525
* 100 = 33.35%
i
Y 4, 457. 6457 – 4, 705. 1429
* 100 = 5. 55%
Para evaluar ambas políticas, la tasa de interés disminuye 33. 35%, y el
ingreso aumenta 5. 55% (6%).
A D
Por lo tanto, para esta economía se debe aplicar ambas políticas.
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Tenemos una economía:C= 200 + 0.80YdI= 300 – 150iG= 400T= 200Yd= Y – TM/P= 600M/P= 0.25Y – 400i
Política Fiscal: G’= 600
Política Monetaria:M/P’= 800
EQUILIBRIO EN EL MERCADO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS:C= 200 + 0.80YdC= 200 + 0.80(Y-T)C= 200 + 0.80(Y-200)
C= 200 + 0.80Y – 160C= 40 + 0.80Y
Y= C+I+GY= 40 + 0.80Y + 300 -150i + 400
Y= 740 + 0.80Y + 150iY-0.80Y= 740 -150i0.20Y= 740 – 150i
MERCADO MONETARIO:0.25Y – 400i= 6000.25Y= 600 + 400i
C I G
Y=740−150 i0.20 IS
Y=600+400 i0.25 LM
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PUNTO A: EQUILIBRIO
(740-150i)0.25 = (600+400)0.40185 - 37.5i = 120 + 80i 185 – 120 = 80i +37.5i 65 = 117.5i
REEMPLAZO IS:
740−150 𝑖0.40 =
600+400 𝑖0.25
i= 0.5531
Y=740−150 i0.20
Y=740−150(0.5531)
0.20
Y=740−82.965
0.20
Y= 3285.175
PUNTO A:i= 0.5531
Y= 3285.175
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PUNTO B: POLITICA FISCAL:
Y=40 + 0.80Y + 300 -150i + 600Y= 940 + 0.80Y + 150iY-0.80Y= 940 -150i0.20Y= 940 – 150i
EQUILIBRIO:
235 – 37.5i = 120 + 80i 115 = 117.5i
REEMPLAZO IS’:
Y=940−150 i0.20 IS’
Y=940−150(0.9787)
0.20
940−150 𝑖0.20 =
600+400 𝑖0.25
i= 0.9787
Y=940−734.025
0.20Y= 3965.975
MERCADO MONETARIO:
Y=600+400 i0.25 LM
PUNTO B: i= 0.9787
Y= 3965.975
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PUNTO C: POLITICA MONETARIA:
0.25Y – 400i = 8000.25 = 400i + 800
EQUILIBRIO:
185 - 37.5i = 160 + 80i 25 = 117.5i
REEMPLAZO IS:
Y=800+400 i0.25 LM'
740−150 𝑖0.20 =
800+400 𝑖0.25
i= 0.2128
Y=740−150(0.2128)
0.20
Y=740−31.92
0.20
Y= 3540.4
PUNTO C: i= 0.2128
Y= 3540.4
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PUNTO D: IS’ = LM’
235 – 37.5i = 160 + 80i 285 – 160 = 80i + 37.5i 75 = 117.5i
940−150 𝑖0.20 =
800+400 𝑖0.25
i= 0.6383
REEMPLAZO IS’:
Y=940−150(0.6383)
0.20
Y=940−95.745
0.20
Y= 4221.275
PUNTO D: i= 0.6383
Y= 4221.275
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TABLA: PUNTO = i Y A IS=LM 0.5531 3285.175 B IS’=LM 0.9787 3965.975 C IS=LM’ 0.2128 3540.4 D IS’=LM’ 0.6383 4221.275
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3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
A
B
C
D
IS
IS’
LM
LM'
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CHÁCHARA:
i 0.5531 - 0.9787 ∆ = 0,4256 0.7695 *100 = 76.95%
Y 3285.175 - 3965.975 ∆ = 680,8
0.2072 *100 = 20.72%
0.42560.5531=¿
680.83285.175=¿
Para evaluar la política fiscal , la tasa de interés aumenta 76.95% , y el ingreso aumente 20.72%
. A B
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. A C
i 0.5531 - 0.2128 ∆ = 0,3403 0.6153 *100 = 61.53%
Y 3285.175 – 3540.4 ∆ = 255,225
0.0777 *100 = 7.77%255.2253285.175=¿
0.34030.5531=¿
Para evaluar la política monetaria , la tasa de interés disminuye 61.53% , y el ingreso aumenta 7.77%.
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. A D
i 0.5531 - 0.6383 ∆ = 0,0852 0.1540 *100 = 15.4%
Y 3285.175 – 4221.275 ∆ = 936,1
0.2849 *100 = 28.49%936.13285.175=¿
0.08520.5531=¿
Para evaluar ambas Políticas , la tasa de interés disminuye 15.4% , y el ingreso aumenta 28.49%.
. Para esta Economía debe aplicar ambas políticas
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C = 400 + 0.50 YdI = 350 – 400iG = 500T = 250 Y = Y-TM/P = 900M/P = 0.15Y – 380i
Política Fiscal:G’ = 1000Política Monetaria:M/P’ = 1200
C = 400 + 0.50YdC = 400 + 0.50(Y-250)C = 400 + 0.50Y – 125C = 275 + 0.50Y
C = 275 + 0.50Y
Y = C + I + GY = 275 + 0.50Y + 350 – 400i + 500Y = 1125 + 0.50Y – 400iY – 0.50Y = 1125 – 400i0.5Y = 1125 – 400i
Y 0.5
Mercado Monetario:
0.15Y – 380i = 9000.15Y = 900 + 380i
Y 0.15
PUNTO A:
1125 – 400i = 900+ 380i 0.5 0.15
(1125 – 400i)0.15 = (900 + 380i)0.5168.75 – 60i = 450 + 90i168.75 – 450 = 190i + 60i-281.25 = i 250
I = -1.125
Reemplazo IS
Y = 1125 – 400(-1.125) 0.5Y = 1125 –(-450) 0.5Y = 1125 + 450 0.5Y = 1575 Y = 3150 0.5
IS
LM
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Política Fiscal:Y = 275 + 0.50Y + 350 – 400i + 1000Y = 1625 + 0.50Y – 400iY – 0.50Y = 1625 – 400i0.5Y = 1625 – 400i
Y = 1625 – 400i 0.5
IS’
Punto B:
1625 – 400i = 900 + 380i 0.5 0.15(1625 – 400i)0.15 = (900 + 380i) 0.5243.75 – 60i = 450 + 190i243.75 – 450 = 190i + 60i-206.25 = 250i-206.25 = i 250
I = -0.825
Reemplazo IS’
Y = 1625 – 400i(-0.825) 0.5Y =1625 –(-330) 0.5Y = 1625 + 330 0.5Y = 1955 Y = 3910 0.5
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Política Monetaria:
0.15Y – 380i = 12000.15Y = 1200 + 380i
Y = 1200 + 380i 0.15 LM’
Punto C:
1125 – 400i = 1200 + 380i 0.5 0.15(1125 – 400i)0.15 = (1200 + 380i)0.5168.75 − 60i = 600 + 190i168.75 ─ 600 = 190i + 60i─431.25 = 250i─431.25 = i 250
I = ─ 1.725
Reemplazo IS
Y = 1125 ─ 400(─ 1.725) 0.5Y = 1125 ─ (─ 690) 0.5Y = 1815 0.5
Y = 3630
Punto D:
1625 ─ 400i = 1200 + 380i 0.5 0.15(1625 ─ 400i) 0.15 = (1200 + 380i)0.5243.75 ─ 60i = 600 + 190i 243.75 ─ 600 = 190i + 60i─356.25 = 250i ─356.25 = i 250
I = ─ 1.425
Reemplazo IS’
Y = 1625 ─ 400(─ 1.425) 0.5Y = 1625 ─ (─ 570) 0.5Y = 1625 + 570 0.5Y = 2195 0.5
Y = 4390
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Puntos = i Y A IS = LM ─ 1.125 3150 B IS’ =LM ─ 0.825 3910 C IS =LM’ ─ 1.725 3630 D IS’ = LM’ ─ 1.425 4390
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
- 0.80
- 0.90
- 1
- 1.10
- 1.20
- 1.30
- 1.40
- 1.50
- 1.60
- 1.70
A
B
C
D
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Política Fiscal: A B - 0.825 –(- 1.125) = 0.30i 0.30 = 0.26.78 x 100 = 26.78 % 1.12t
3910 – 3150 = 760Y 760 = 0.2413 x 100 = 24.13 % 3150
En esta política fiscal la tasa de interés aumenta en 0.300, aumentando en 26.78% y el ingreso aumenta en 760, es decir en un 24,13% unidades monetarias.
Politica Monetaria: A C
-1.125 –(-1.725) = 2.850i 2.850 = 2.533 x 100 = 253.30% 1.125
3630 – 3150 = 480Y 480 = 0.1524 x 100 = 15.24% 3150
En esta política monetaria la tasa de interés disminuye en un 2.850, es decir en un 253.30% y el ingreso aumenta en 480, es decir en un 15.24% unidades monetarias.
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Ambas Políticas: A D
-1.125 –(-1.725) = 2.850i 2.850 = 2.533 X 100 = 253.30% 1.125
4390 – 3150 = 1240 Y 1240 = 0.3937 x 100 = 39.37% 3150
En ambas políticas la tasa de interés baja en 0.300, es decir 26,67% y el ingreso aumenta en 1240, es decir en un 39,37% unidades monetarias.
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TENEMOS UNA ECONOMÍA
C= 400 + 0.80 YdI= 300 – 500iG= 400T= 100Yd= Y- TM/P= 600M/p= 0.25Y – 400iPolítica Fiscal G´= 600Política MonetariaM/p= 800
HALLAR:a. Equilibriob. Resultado de PFc. Resultado de PMd. Las dos juntase. Graficarf. Evaluar
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a. EQUILIBRIOCOMO Yd = Y - T
C = 400 + 0.80 (Y – 100)C = 400 + 0.80Y – 80C = 320 + 0.80Y Y = 1 020 – 500i
0.20IS
MERCADO DE DINERO 0.25y – 400i = 600 0.25y = 600 + 400i
Y = 600 – 400i 0.25 LM
PARA QUE ESTE EN EQUILIBRIO:Y = 320 + 0.80Y + 300 – 500i + 400 Y = 1 020 + 0.80Y – 500iY – 0.80Y = 1 020 – 500i 0.20Y = 1 020 – 5000i
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IS = LM 1 020 – 500i = 600 + 400i 0.20 0.25
(1 020 – 500i) 0.25 = (600 + 400i) 0.20
255 – 125i = 120 + 80i 255 – 120 = 80i + 125i 135 = 205i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS:Y = 1 020 – 500 (0.6585) 0.20Y = 1 020 – 329.25 0.20Y = 690.75 0.20
PUNTO A
Y = 3 453.750.6585 = i
PUNTO A i = 0.6585
Y = 3 453.75
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b. POLÍTICA FISCAL Y = 320 + 0.80Y + 300 – 500i + 600 Y = 1 220 + 0.80Y – 500iY – 0.80Y = 1 220 – 500i 0.20Y = 1 220 – 500i
Y = 1 220 – 500i 0.20 IS’
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1 220 – 500i = 600 + 400i 0.20 0.25
(600 + 400i) 0.20 = (1 220 - 500i) 0.25
305 – 125i = 120 + 80i 305 – 120 = 80i + 125i 185 = 205i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS’:Y = 1 220 – 500 (0.9024) 0.20Y = 1 220 – 451.2 0.20Y = 768.8 0.20
PUNTO BIS’ = LM
Y = 3 844
0.9024 = i
PUNTO B i = 0.9024Y = 3 844
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c. POLÍTICA MONETARIA0.25Y – 400i = 800 0.25Y = 800 + 400i
Y = 800 + 400i 0.25
LM’
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800 + 400i = 1 020 - 500i 0.25 0.20
(1 020 – 500i) 0.25 = (800 + 400i) 0.20
255 – 125i = 160 + 80i 255 – 160 = 80i + 125i 95 = 205i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS:Y = 1 020 – 500 (0.4634) 0.20Y = 1 020 – 231.7 0.20Y = 788.3 0.20
PUNTO CIS = LM’
Y = 3 941.50.4634 = i
PUNTO C i = 0.4634Y = 3 941
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1 220 – 500i = 800 + 400i 0.20 0.25
(1 220 – 500i) 0.25 = (800 + 400i) 0.20
305 – 125i = 160 + 80i 305 – 160 = 80i + 125i 145 = 205i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS’:Y = 1 220 – 500 (0.7073) 0.20Y = 1 220 – 353.65 0.20Y = 866.35 0.20
PUNTO DIS’ = LM’
PUNTO D i = 0.7073
Y = 4 331.75
0.7073 = i
Y = 4 331.75
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i Y
A 0.6585 3 453.75
B 0.9024 3 844
C 0.4634 3 941.5
D 0.7073 4 331.75
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0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0
A
B
C
D
IS
IS’
LM’
LM
0.80
0.90
1
3 400 4 2004 0003 8003 600 4 400
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A B 0.9024i 0.65850.2439 / 0.6585 = 0.3704 x 100 = 37.04%
A C 0.6585i 0.46340.1951 / 0.6585 = 0.2962 x 100 = 29.62%
A D 0.7073i 0.65850.0488 / 0.6585 = 0.07 41 x 100 = 7.41%
3 844Y 3 453.75390.25/ 3 453.75 = 0.11 x 100 = 11.29%
3 941.5Y 3 453.75487.75 / 3 453.75 = 0.1412 x 100 = 14.12%
4 331.75Y 3 453.75878.75 / 3 453.75 = 0.2544 x 100 = 25.44%
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En el modelo IS – LM se tiene:
Mercado de Bienes y Servicios
C: 250 + 0. 60YdI: 280 – 350iG: 380T: 120Yd: Y – T Mercado de
DineroM/P: 620M/P: 0. 28Y – 380i
Política Fiscal
G’: 400 Política
MonetariaM/P’: 800
Datos Paso 1
Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios.
C = 250 + 0.60YdC = 250 + 0. 60(Y – 120)C = 250 + 0. 60Y – 120C = 178 + 0. 60Y
PBI = C + I + GY = 178 + 0. 60Y + 280 – 350i + 380
Y = 838 + 0. 60Y – 350iY – 0. 60Y = 838 – 350i
0. 40Y = 838 – 350i
Y =
IS
Paso 2
Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de dinero.
0. 28Y – 380i = 6200. 28Y = 620 + 380i
Y =
LM
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Paso 3
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS = LM
=
(838 – 350i) 0. 28 = (620 + 380i) 0. 40
234. 64 – 98i = 248 + 152i234. 64 – 248 = 152i + 98i
- 13. 36 = 250i = i
- 0. 0535 = i
Reemplazar IS
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 2, 141. 725
PUNTO A:i = - 0. 0535
Y = 2, 141. 725
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Paso 4
Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta el nuevo gasto (G’).
C + I + G’
Y = 178 + 0. 60Y + 280 – 350i + 400Y = 858 + 0. 60Y – 350iY – 0. 60Y = 858 – 350i
0. 40Y = 1858 – 350i
Y = IS’
= (858 – 350i) 0. 28 = (620 + 380i) 0. 40
240. 24 – 98i = 248 + 152i240.24 – 248 = 152i + 98i
- 7. 76 = 250i
- 0. 0310 = i
Reemplazar IS’
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 2, 172. 125 Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS’ = LM
PUNTO B:i = - 0. 0310
Y = 2, 172. 125
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Paso 5
Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta la nueva demanda de dinero.
0. 28Y – 380i = 8000. 28Y = 800 + 380i
Y = LM’
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS = LM’ =
(838 – 350i) 0. 28 = (800 + 380i) 0. 40
234. 64 – 98i = 320 + 152i234. 64 – 320 = 152i + 98i
- 85.36 = 250i
- 0. 3414 = i
Reemplazar iS
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 2, 393. 725
PUNTO C:i = - 0. 3414
Y = 2, 393. 725
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Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 2, 424. 125
Paso 6
Aplicar las dos políticas juntas.
IS’ = LM’
=
(858 – 350i) 0. 28 = (800 + 380i) 0. 40
240. 24 – 98i = 320 + 152i240. 24 – 320 = 152i + 98i
- 79. 76 = 250i
- 0. 3190 = i
Reemplazar IS’
PUNTO D:i = - 0. 3190
Y = 2, 424. 125
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PUNTO = I Y
A IS = LM - 0. 0535 2, 141. 725
B IS’ = LM - 0. 0310 2, 172. 125
C IS = LM’ - 0. 3414 2, 393. 725
D IS’ = LM’ - 0. 3190 2, 424. 125
GRÁFICA
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-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
2175
2100
2125
2150
2275
2350
2225
2200
2250
2400
2375
2300
2425
2325
24750.05
BA
CD
IS
LM
IS’
LM’
-0.35
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CHÁCHARAA B
-0. 0535 ∆ = - 0. 0310
* 100 = 4. 2%
i
Y 2, 141. 725 ∆ = 2, 172. 125
* 100 = 1. 42%
Para evaluar la política fiscal, la tasa de interés aumenta 4. 2%, y el
ingreso aumenta 1. 42%.
A C
i -0. 0535 ∆ = -0. 3414)
* 100 = 538. 13%
Y 2, 141. 725 ∆ = 2, 393. 725
* 100 = 11.77%
Para evaluar la política monetaria, la tasa de interés disminuye 538.13%,
y el ingreso aumenta 11.77%
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A D
-0.0535 ∆ = 0.2645-0.3190
* 100 = 496.26%
i
Y 2, 141. 725 ∆ = 2, 424. 125
* 100 = 13. 19%
Para evaluar ambas políticas, la tasa de interés disminuye 496.26%, y el
ingreso aumenta 13.19%
Por lo tanto, para esta economía se debe
aplicar solo la política fiscal porque crece la economía y la tasa de
interés mejora.
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Mercado de Bienes y Servicios
C= 400+0.7Yd I = 300-400i G= 300 T= 200 Yd= Y - T
Mercado de dinero
Oferta de dinero: M/P= 500
Demanda de dinero: M/P= 0.4Y-600i
Política Fiscal G= 700
Política M:onetaria
M/P= 900
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a) Equilibrio:
PBI= C + I + GPBI= 400 + 0.7Yd + 300 400i + 300
Como Yd = Y – T (Reemplazamos)PBI= 400 + 0.7(Y – 200) + 300 – 400i + 300PBI= 400 + 0.7Y – 140 + 300 – 400i + 300PBI= 860 + 0.7Y – 400i
Para que este en equilibrio: PBI = YY= 860 + 0.7Y – 400i(1)Y – 0.7Y = 860 – 400i0.3Y = 860 – 400i
En el mercado de dinero:Oferta = Demanda500= 0.4Y – 600i500 + 600i = 0.4Y
IS
LM
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PUNTO A:
=
Reemplazamos i en la IS
i = 0.5705 Y = 2,106
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b. Resultado de la Política Fiscal:
Y = 400 + 0.7(Y – 200) + 300 – 400i + 700Y = 400 + 0.7Y – 140 + 300 – 400i + 700Y = 1260 + 0.7Y – 400i(1)Y – 0.7Y = 1260 – 400i
0.3Y = 1260 – 400i 𝑌=1260−400 𝑖
0.3IS
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PUNTO B: Reemplazamos i en la IS
Y = 2,811i = 1.0411
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c. Resultado de la Política Monetaria:
900 = 0.4Y – 600i
900 + 600i = 0.4Y 𝑌=900+600 𝑖0.4 LM
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PUNTO C: Reemplazamos i en la IS
i = 0.2176 Y = 2,576
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d. Resultado de aplicar ambas políticas:
PUNTO D:
𝑌=1260−400 𝑖
0.3𝑌=
900+600 𝑖0.4
IS
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PUNTO D:
Reemplazamos i en la IS
i = 0.6882 Y = 3,282
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EQUILIBRIO:
RESULTADO DE LA POLÍTICA FISCAL:
RESULTADO DE LA POLÍTICA MONETARIA:
RESULTADO DE APLICAR AMBAS POLÍTICAS:
PUNTO A:
PUNTO B:
PUNTO C:
PUNTO D:
𝑌=860−400 𝑖
0.3𝑌=
500+600𝑖0.4
𝑌=1260−400 𝑖
0.3
𝑌=900+600 𝑖0.4
IS
IS
IS
IS
LM
LM
LM
LM
RESUMIENDO
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PUNTOS = i YA IS = LM 0.5705 2,106
B IS = LM 1.0411 2,811
C IS = LM 0.2176 2,576
D IS = LM 0.6882 3,282
TABLA
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1,00
0
3,00
0
2,00
0
0,2
0,4
0,3
0,1
0,8
0,5
0,6
0,7
1
0,9
1,1
1,2
0
3,20
0
2,40
0
2,20
0
1,20
0
1,40
0
1,60
0
1,80
0
2,80
0
2,60
0
A
B
D
C
GRÁFICO
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PUNTOS
i Y
A 0.5705 2,106
B 1.0411 2,811
C 0.2176 2,576
D 0.6882 3,282
Y
Y
Y
ii
i
Politica FiscalA B0.5705 1.0411
82%
2,106 2,811
33%
Política MonetariaA C 0.5705 0.2176
62%
2,106 2,576
22%
Las dos políticas juntasA D0.5705 0.6882
21% 2,106 3,282
56%
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En el modelo IS LM se tiene
El mercado de bienes y servicios
C= 700+0.70Yd I=120-700i G= 100 T= 350 Yd= Y-T
Política fiscal expansiva
G=1000
Política Monetaria
M/P=1200
Mercado de dinero
Demanda de dinero
M/P= 0.25Y-900i
Oferta de dinero
M/P= 70
![Page 63: Is lm autonoma](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020920/588b26ad1a28abed688b5ba1/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A) Equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios
Y = C + I + G Y = 700 + 0.70 (Y-T) + 120 – 700i + 100Y = 700 + 0.70 (Y- 350) +120-700i+100Y = 700+ 0.70Y – 245+120-700i+100Y = 675+ 0.70Y -700i0.30Y = 675 – 700iY=
675−700 i0.30
IS
70= 0.25y-900i70+900i=0.25y Y=70+900 i0.25 LM
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Equilibrio en la economía
IS = LM
(675-700i )0.25 = (70+900i)0.30168.175- 175i = 21 + 270i168.75– 21 = 270i + 175i
147.75 = 445i
LM: IS: Remplazo en IS:
Y=1475.3333
i = 0.3320
![Page 65: Is lm autonoma](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020920/588b26ad1a28abed688b5ba1/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y serviciosY = C + I + G Y = 700 + 0.70Yd + 120 - 700i + 1000Y = 150 + 0.70 (Y-350) + 120 – 700i + 1000Y = 150 + 0.70Y – 245+ 120 – 700i + 1000 Y = 1575+ 0.70Y-700iY -0.70 = 1575-700i0.30y = 1575 -700iY=
1575−700 i0.30 IS’
B) Se aplica una política fiscal expansiva
Política fiscal expansiva
• Demanda de dinero
M/P= 0.25Y-900i
• Oferta de dinero
G’= 1000
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Nuevo equilibrio en la economía (I)
IS’ = LM
(1575-700i )0.25 = (70+900i)0.30393.75 - 175i = 21 + 270i396.75– 21 = 270i + 175i
372.75 = 445i
LM: IS’: Remplazo en IS’:
Y=3295.6
i = 0.8376
![Page 67: Is lm autonoma](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020920/588b26ad1a28abed688b5ba1/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
0.25Y – 900i =12000.25Y = 1200 + 900i Y=
1200+900 i0.25
Política monetaria
• Demanda de dinero
M/P= 0.25Y-900i
• Oferta de dinero
M/P’= 1200LM’
C) Se aplica una política monetaria
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Nuevo equilibrio en la economía (II)
IS = LM’
LM’: IS: Remplazo en IS:
Y=3.252 .6333
i = -0.4297
(675-700i )0.25 = (1200+900i)0.30168.75 - 175i = 360+ 270i168.75– 360 = 270i + 175i
-191.25= 445i
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IS’ = LM’
LM’: Remplazo en IS’:
Y=5073.1333
i = 0.0758
(1575-700i )0.25 = (1200+900i)0.30393.75- 175i = 360 + 270i393.75– 360 = 270i + 175i
33.75= 445i
D) Se aplican las 2 políticas juntas
IS’:
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PUNTO A:i = 0.3320
Y= 1475.3333
PUNTO B:i = 0.8376Y=3295.6
PUNTO C:i = -0.4297Y=3252.6
PUNTO D:i = 0.0758
Y= 5073.1333
IS:
LM:
IS’:
LM:
IS:
LM’:
IS’:
LM’:
A) Equilibrio inicial:
B) Se aplica una política fiscal expansiva:
C) Se aplica una política monetaria:
D) Se aplican las 2 políticas juntas:
Resumiendo
Punto Igualdades i YA IS = LM 0.3320 1475.3333
B IS’ = LM 0.8376 3295.6C IS = LM’ -0.4297 3,252.6
D IS’ = LM’ 0.0758 5073.1333
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Graficando
A
0.80B
C
D
500
ISLMIS’ LM’
PUNTO A:i = 0.3320
Y= 1475.3333
PUNTO B:i = 0.8376Y=3295.6
PUNTO C:i = -0.4297
Y=3252.6333
PUNTO D:i = 0.0758
Y= 5073.1333
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
0.90
-0.80
-0.70
-0.60
-0.50
-0.40
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
IS LM
IS’ LM
LM’IS
IS’ LM’
0.3320
1475
.333
3
3295
.6
0.8376
-0.4297
3252
.633
5073
.133
3
0.0758
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POLITICA FISCAL POLITICA MONETARIA AMBAS
A B A C A D
(i) 0.2984 ∆ = 0.5392 0.8376
1.80 = 180%
(i) 0.2984 ∆ = 0.7281 -0.4297
2.44 = 244%
(i) 0.2984 ∆ = 0.2226 0.0758
0.74= 74%
Y 1553.7333 ∆ = 1741.86 3295.6
1.12 = 112%
Y 1553.7333 ∆ = 1698.86 3252.6
1.019 = 102%
Y 1553.7333 ∆ = 3519.4 5073.1333
2.26 = 226%
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CHACHARA
Cuando el gobierno aplica la política fiscal la taza de interés aumenta un 180 %y el ingreso 112% y cuando aplica la política monetaria la taza de interés baja un
244%y el ingreso aumenta un 102%,en cambio cuando se aplica ambas políticas la taza de interés aumenta74%.y el
ingreso también aumenta en 226%
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Ejercicio IS Y LMC : 250 + 0.75 yd
I : 400 – 2500iG : 600T : 400
M/P : 800M/P : 0.20y – 3000i
BIENES Y SERVICIOS IS
MERCADO MONETARIO LM
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C = 250 + 0.75(Y-400)C =250 + 0.75Y- 300C = -50 + 0.75Y
C + I + GY= -50+0.75Y+400-2500i+600Y-0.75Y= -50+400+600-2500i0.25Y = 950- 2500iY = 950- 2500i 0.25
IS
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M/P = M/P0.20Y-3000i = 800Y= 800+3000i 0.20
IS = LM(950-2500i)0.20 = (800+3000i)0.25 190- 500i = 200 + 750 i 190-200 = 750i + 500i -10 = 1250 -10/1250 = i - 0.008 = i
LMREEMPLAZO EN IS : Y= 950 – 2500(-0.008) 0.25 Y = 3880
PUNTO A
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Política fiscal
Aumenta G= 900
Y = -50+0.75Y+400-2500i+900Y-0.75Y = -50+400+900-2500i0.25 = 1250-2500i Y = 1250 – 25OOi 0.25 IS‘
NUEVO EQUILIBRIO IS’ = LM
(1250- 2500i)0.20 = (800+3000)0.25 250- 500i = 200+750i 250- 200 = 750i + 500i 50 = 1250i 50/ 1250 = i 0.04 = i
PUNTO B
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REEMPLAZO IS’
Y= 1250-2500(0.04) 0.25Y = 4600
PUNTO B
POLITICA MONETARIA
Aumenta M/P = 1000
0.20y-3000i = 1000 Y = 1000+3000 0.20
LM’
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NUEVO EQUILIBRIO IS = LM’
(950-2500i)0.20 = (1000+ 3000i)0.25 190 – 500i = 250 + 750i 190 – 250 = 750i + 500i -60 = 1250i -60/1250 = i -0.048 = i
REEMPLAZO EN IS Y = 950 – 2500(-0.048) 0.25 Y = 4280
PUNTO C
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LAS DOS POLITICAS IS’ = LM’
(1250-2500i)0.20 = (1000 + 3000i)0.25 250 – 500i = 250 + 500i 250 – 250 = 750i + 500i 0 = 1250 0/1250 = i 0 = i
REEMPLAZO IS’Y = 1250 – 2500(0) 0.25Y = 5000
PUNTO D
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TABLA DE VALORESPUNTOS = i Y
ABC
D
IS = LM
IS’ = LM
IS = LM’
IS’ = LM’
0.008
0.04
-0.048
0
3880
4600
4280
5000
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0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-0
-0.01
-0.02
-0,03
-0,04
-0,05
3500 4000 4500 5000
A
B
C
D
i
Y
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A B ( i) 0.008 ∆=0-032
0.04 = 0.0320 / 0.008 =4 (400%) (Y) 3880 ∆=720
4600 = 720/ 3880= 0.1856 (19%) A C ( i ) 0.008 ∆= 0.056
-O.048= 0.056 / 0.008 = 7 (700%) (Y) 3880 ∆= 400
4280 =400 / 3880 = 0.1030 (10%)
A D( i ) 0.008 ∆= 0.008 0 = 0.008 / 0.008 = 1 ( 100%)
(Y) 3880 ∆= 1120 5000 = 1120 / 3880 = 0.2886 ( 29 %)
CHACHARA
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La mejor opción seria utilizar las dos políticas juntas, ya que el ingresoaumenta y el interés no varia mucho.
En lo que corresponde a la Política Fiscalla tasa aumenta en un 400% y su ingreso incrementa en un 19 % .
La Política Monetaria en la tasa aumentaen un 700% y en su ingreso tambiénaumento en un 10 % .
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Tenemos una economía:C = 700 + 0.80YdI = 450 – 10iG = 350T = 300Yd = Y - T M/P = 600M/P = 0.30Y – 20iPolítica Fiscal: G’ = 600Política Monetaria:M/P’ = 1000Se pide:a) Equilibriob) Resultado de PFc) Resultado de PMd) Las dos juntase) Graficar f) Evaluar
a) Equilibrio en el mercado.
PIB = C + I + GPIB = 700 + 0.80Yd + 450 – 10i + 350
C I G
Como Yd = Y – T Reemplazamos:
PBI = 700 + 0.80(Y – 300) + 450 – 10i + 350
PBI = 700 + 0.80Y – 240 + 450 – 10i + 350
PBI = 1260 + 0.80Y – 10i
Para que este en equilibrio: PIB = Y
Y = 1260 + 0.80Y – 10i
(1)Y – 0.80Y = 1260 – 10i
0.20Y = 1260 – 10i Y = 1260 – 10i
0.20
Oferta = Demanda
0.30Y – 20i = 6000.30Y = 600 + 20i Y = 600 + 20i
0.30
IS
LM
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1260 – 10i = 600 + 20i
0.20 0.30
378 – 3i = 120 + 4i
258 = 7i
i = 36.8571
Reemplazamos i en IS :
Y = 1260 – 10 (36.8571)
0.20
Y = 1260 – 368.571
0.20
Y = 891.429
0.20
Y = 4457.145
IS LM
PUNTO A
b) Se aplica una política fiscal expansiva.
Aumenta de 350 a 600
Recordar que Yd = Y – T Reemplazamos:
Y = 700 + 0.80(Y – 300) + 450 – 10i + 600
Y = 700 + 0.80Y – 240 + 450 – 10i + 600
Y= 1510 + 0.80Y – 10i
(1)Y – 0.80Y = 1510 – 10i
0.20Y = 1510 – 10i
Y = 1510 – 10i
0.20 IS’
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1510 – 10i = 600 + 20i
0.20 0.30
453 – 3i = 120 + 4i
333 = 7i
i = 47.5714
Reemplazamos i en IS’ :
Y = 1510 – 10 (47.5714)
0.20
Y = 1510 – 475.714
0.20
Y = 1034.286
0.20
Y = 5171.43
IS’ LM
PUNTO B
c) Se aplica una política monetaria expansiva.
Aumenta de 600 a 1000
Oferta = Demanda
0.30Y – 20i = 10000.30Y = 1000 + 20i
Y = 1000 + 20i
0.30LM’
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1260 – 10i = 1000 + 20i
0.20 0.30
378 – 3i = 200 + 4i
178 = 7i
i = 25.4286
Reemplazamos i en IS :
Y = 1260 – 10 (25.4286)
0.20
Y = 1260 – 254.286
0.20
Y = 1005.714
0.20
Y = 5028.57
LM’IS
PUNTO C
d) Aplicamos ambas políticas.
1510 – 10i = 1000 + 20i
0.20 0.30
453 – 3i = 200 + 4i
253 = 7i
i = 36.1429
Reemplazamos i en IS :
Y = 1510 – 10 (36.1429)
0.20
Y = 1510 – 361.429
0.20
Y = 1148.571
0.20
Y = 5742.855
IS’ LM’
PUNTO D
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i
Y
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
5800540050004600420038003400
36.8571
4457.145
47.5714
5171.43
25.4286
5028.57
36.1429
5742.8550
A
C
B
De) Graficamos
PUNTO = i Y
A IS = LM 36.8571 4457.145B IS’=LM 47.5714 5171.43C IS=LM’ 25.4286 5028.57D IS’=LM’ 36.1429 5742.855
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f) Evaluamos
(A – B)i 36.8571 = 10.7143 = 10.7143 = 29%
47.5714 36.8571
Y 4457.145 = 714.285 = 714.285 = 14%5171.43 5171.43
(A – C)i 36.8571 = 11.4285 = 11.4285 = 31%
25.4286 36.8571
Y 4457.145 = 571.425 = 571.425 = 11%5028.57 5028.57
(A – D )i 36.8571 = 0.7142 = 0.7142 = 2 %
36.1429 36.8571
Y 4457.145 = 1285.71 = 1285.71 = 22%5742.855 5742.855
PUNTO = i Y
A IS = LM 36.8571 4457.145B IS’=LM 47.5714 5171.43C IS=LM’ 25.4286 5028.57D IS’=LM’ 36.1429 5742.855
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EJERCICIO. Mercado de Bienes y servicios . C = 500+0.75Yd
. I = 400-100i
. G = 500
. T = 600yd = (Y- T)
- Mercado de Dinero .Demanda de Dinerom/p=0.20y-300i .oferta de dinero m/p=400
Política fiscal:
G’=600Política
Monetaria:
M/P’=500
Hallamos el costo:
C = 500+0.75(Y-600)C = 500+0.75Y-450
C = 50+0.75Y
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IS
LM
Y = 50+0.75Y+400-100i+500y = 950+0.75Y-100iY –0.75y = 950 – 100i0.25y = 950-100i y = 950-100i 0.25
Y= 950-100i
0.25
Y=C+I+G
Equilibrio en el mercado de
dineroMercado de
dinero:.Demanda de
dinero0.20y-300i
.Oferta de dinero400
Equilibrio en el mercado deBienes y Servicios
0.20y-300i=4000.20y = 400+300iy= 400+300i 0.20
Y=400+300i
0.20
Igualo (IS=LM):950-100i = 400+300i
0.25 0.20(950-100i)0.20=(400+300i)0.25
190-20i = 100+75i190-100 = 75i+20i
90 = 95i 90 = i
95
Reemplazo en IS:
Y=950-100(0.9473) =0.25
0.9473=i
Y=3421.08
Punto A:i=0.9473
Y=3421.08
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Y=C+I+G’ Y=50+0.75Y+400-100i+600Y=1050+0.75Y-100iY-0.75Y=1050-100i0.25Y=1050-100iY=1050-100i 0.25
Y=1050-100i 0.25
IS’
IGUALO (IS’=LM):1050-100i = 400+300i
0.25 0.20(1050-
100i)0.20=(400+300i)0.25210-20i=100+75i210-100=75i+20i
110=95i 110=i
95
Reemplazo en (IS’)Y=1050-100(1.1578)=
0.25
1.1578=i
Y=3736.88
Punto B:i=1.1578
y=3736.88
Política Fiscal
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Política monetaria
M/P’=600M/P=0.20Y-300iM/P’ = M/P 0.20y-300i=600 0.20y=600+300i
Y=600+300i 0.20
LM’
IGUALO (IS=LM’):950-100i = 600+300i
0.25 0.20(950-100i)0.20=(600+300i)0.25
190-20i=150+75i190-150=75i+20i
40=95i 40=i
95
Reemplazo (IS):
Y=950-100(0.4210)= 0.25
0.4210=i
Y=3931.6
Punto C:i=0.4210Y=3931.6
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Las 2 políticas juntas
Igualo (IS’ =LM’):1050-100i = 600+300i 0.25 0.20(1050-100i)0.15=(600+300i)0.20 210-20i=150+75i 210-150=75i+20i 60=95i 60=i 95
0.6315=i
Reemplazo en IS’:Y=1050-100(0.6315) 0.25
Y=3947.4
Punto D:i=0.6315
Y=3947.4
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PUNTOS = i Y
A IS=LM 0.9473 3421.08
B IS’=LM 1.1578 3736.88
C IS=LM’ 0.4210 3931.6
D IS’=LM’ 0.6315 6351.84
Punto A:i=0.9473
Y=3421.08
Punto B:i=1.1578
y=3736.88
Punto C:i=0.4210Y=3931.6
Punto D:i=0.6315
Y=3947.4
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-
-
-i
PUNTOS
=
i
Y
A
IS=LM
0.9473
3421.08
B
IS’=LM
1.1578
3736.88
C
IS=LM’
0.4210
3931.6
D
IS’=LM’
0.6315
6351.84
Gráfica
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CHÁCHARA Política Fiscal: A Bi 0.9473 = 0.2105 1.1578 0.2105÷0.9473=0.22 sube un 22% Y 3421.08 ∆= 325.8 3736.88
315.8÷3421.08=0.09 aumenta un 9%
Política fiscal y política monetaria: A Di 0.9473 ∆=0.3158 0.6315 0.3158÷0.9473=0.33 disminuye un 33%
Y 3421.08 ∆=526.32 3947.4 526.32÷3421.08=0.15
aumenta en un 15%
Política Monetaria: A Ci 0.9473 ∆ = 0.5263 0.4210 0.5263÷0.9473=0.55 disminuye un 55%
Y 3421.08 ∆ =210.52 3631.6 210.52÷3421.08=0.06 aumenta en un 6%
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La mejor opción seria la D porque se logra una mayor producción y su taza de interés tiene una variación mínima
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En el modelo IS – LM se tiene:
Mercado de Bienes y ServiciosC: 480 + 0. 65YdI: 600 – 480iG: 850T: 400Yd: Y – T
Mercado de DineroM/P: 1000M/P: 0. 25Y – 500i
Política FiscalG’: 900
Política MonetariaM/P’: 1100
Datos Paso 1: Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios.
C = 480 + 0.65YdC = 480 + 0. 65(Y – 400)C = 480 + 0. 65Y – 260C = 220 + 0. 65Y
PBI = C + I + GY = 220 + 0. 65Y + 600 – 480i + 850
Y =1670 + 0. 65Y – 480iY – 0. 65Y = 1670 – 480i
0. 35Y = 1670 – 480i
Y =
IS
Paso 2: Buscar el equilibrio en el mercado de dinero.
0. 25Y – 500i = 10000. 25Y = 1000 + 500i
Y =
LM
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Paso 3: Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS = LM
=
(1670 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1000 + 500i) 0. 35
417. 5 – 120i = 350 + 175i417. 5 – 350 = 175i + 120i
67.5 = 295i = i
0. 2288 = i
Reemplazar IS
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 457. 6457
PUNTO A:i = 0. 2288
Y = 4, 457. 6457
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Paso 4: Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta el nuevo gasto (G’).
C + I + G’
Y = 220 + 0. 65Y + 600 – 480i + 900Y = 1720 + 0. 65Y – 480iY – 0. 65Y = 1720 – 480i
0. 35Y = 1720 – 480i
Y = IS’
= (1720 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1000 + 500i) 0. 35
430 – 120i = 350 + 175i430 – 350 = 175i + 120i
80 = 295i
0. 2712 = i
Reemplazar IS’
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 542. 3543 Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS’ = LM
PUNTO B:i = 0. 2712
Y = 4, 542. 3543
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Paso 5: Aplicar la política fiscal, teniendo en cuenta la nueva demanda de dinero.
0. 25Y – 500i = 11000. 25Y = 1100 + 500i
Y = LM’
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS = LM’ =
(1670 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1100 + 500i) 0. 35
417. 5 – 120i = 385 + 175i417. 5 – 385 = 175i + 120i
32.5 = 295i
0. 1102 = i
Reemplazar iS
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 620. 2971
PUNTO C:i = 0. 1102
Y = 4, 620. 2971
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Y =
Y =
Y =
Y =
Y = 4, 705. 1429
Paso 6: Aplicar las dos políticas juntas.
IS’ = LM’
=
(1720 – 480i) 0. 25 = (1100 + 500i) 0. 35
430 – 120i = 385 + 175i430 – 385 = 175i + 120i
45 = 295i
0. 1525 = i
Reemplazar IS’
PUNTO D:i = 0. 1525
Y = 4, 705. 1429
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RESUMEN:1- Equilibrio inicial.
Y =
Y =
IS
LM
PUNTO A:i = 0. 2288
Y = 4, 457. 6457
2- Se aplica una política fiscal.
Y =
Y =
IS’
LM
PUNTO B:i = 0. 2712
Y = 4, 542. 3543
3- Se aplica una política monetaria.
Y =
Y =
IS
LM’
PUNTO C:i = 0. 1102
Y = 4, 620. 2971
4- Se aplica las dos políticas juntas.
Y =
Y =
IS’
LM’
PUNTO D:i = 0. 1525
Y = 4, 705. 1429
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PUNTO = i Y
A IS = LM 0. 2288 4, 457. 6457
B IS’ = LM 0. 2712 4, 542. 3543
C IS = LM’ 0. 1102 4, 620. 2971
D IS’ = LM’ 0. 1525 4, 705. 1429
GRÁFICA
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0.23
0.100.110.120.130.140.150.160.170.180.190.200.21
0.240.22
0.250.260.270.280.29
4475
4400
4425
4450
4500
4600
4575
4550
4525
4675
4650
4625
4700
4725
4750
0.30
B
A
C
D
IS
LM
IS’
LM’
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CHÁCHARAA B
0. 2288 ∆ =0.04240. 2712
18. 5%
i
Y 4, 457. 6457 ∆ =84.70864, 542. 3543
1. 9%
Para evaluar la política fiscal, la tasa de interés aumenta 18. 5%, y el ingreso aumenta 1. 9% (2%).
A C
i 0. 2288 ∆ =0.11860. 1102
51. 84%
Y 4, 457. 6457 ∆ =162.65144, 620. 2971
3. 65%
Para evaluar la política monetaria, la tasa de interés disminuye 51. 84%, y el ingreso aumenta 3. 65% (4%).
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A D
0. 2288 ∆ =0-07630. 1525
33.35%
i
Y 4, 457. 6457 ∆ =247.49724, 705. 1429
5. 55%
Para evaluar ambas políticas, la tasa de interés disminuye 33. 35%, y el
ingreso aumenta 5. 55% (6%).
Por lo tanto, para esta
economía se debe aplicar
ambas políticas.
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DATOS:Mercado de bienes y servicios (IS)C= 400+0.95YdI= 190-50iG=300T=200Yd= Y-T Mercado de dinero Demanda de dineroM/P=0.40Y-70i Oferta de dineroM/P=600
Política Fiscal:G=450 Política Monetaria:M/P=800
EQUILIBRIO DE MERCADO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS
Paso 1:
C=400+0.95(Y-200)
C=400+0.95Y-190
C=210+0.95Y
Y=C+I+GY=(210+0.95Y)+(190-50i)+300
Y=210+0.95Y+190-50i+300
Y=700+0.95Y-50i
0.05Y=700-50i
EQUILIBRIO EN MERCADO DE DINERO
Paso 2:
M/P=M/p
0.40Y-70i=600
0.40Y=600+70i
Y=700-50i 0.05 IS
Y=600+70i 0.40 LM
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EQUILIBRIO DE LA ECOMONÍAPaso 3:
IS=LM
700-50i =600+70i 0.05 0.40
(700-50i)0.40=(600+70i)0.05 280-20i=30+3.5i 280-30=3.5i+20i
250=23.5i 250 =i
23.5
i= 10.6383
Paso 4:Remplazamos en la IS:
Y= 700-50(10.6383) 0.05
Y=3361.7
SE APLICA LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA FISCAL
Los gastos públicos aumentan de 300 a 450.
Paso 5:
Y=(210+0.95Y)+(190-50i)+450
Y=210+0.95Y+190-50i+450
Y=850+0.95Y-50i
0.05Y=850-50i
Paso 6:
IS’= LM 850-50i = 600+70i 0.05 0.40
(850-50i)0.40=(600+70i)0.05 340-20i=30+3.5i 340-30=3.5i+20i 310=23.5i 310 =i 23.5 i=13.1915
A
Y=850-50i 0.05 IS’
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i=13.1915
Paso 7:Remplazamos en la IS’:
Y= 850-50(13.1915) 0.05
Y=3808.5 SE APLICA LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA
MONETARIA
La oferta de dinero aumenta de 600 a 800.
Paso 8:
800=0.40Y-70i
800+70i=0.40Y
o
EQUILIBRIO DE LA ECOMONÍA
Paso 9:
IS=LM’
700-50i =800+70i 0.05 0.40
(700-50i)0.40=(800+70i)0.05 280-20i=40+3.5i 280-40=3.5i+20i
240=23.5i 240 =i
23.5
i=10.2128
Paso 10:
Remplazamos en la IS:
Y= 700-50(10.2128) 0.05
Y=3787.2
B
Y=800+70i 0.40
LM’c
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SE APLICA LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA MONETARIA Y LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA FISCAL.
Paso 11:
IS’=LM’
850-50i = 800+70i 0.05 0.40(850-50i)0.40=(800+70i)0.05 340-20i=40+3.5i 340-40=3.5i+20i 300 =23.5i 23.5 i=12.7660Paso 12:Remplazamos en la IS’:
Y= 850-50(12.7660) 0.05
Y=4234
D
PUNTOS IGUALDAD I Y
A IS=LM 10.6383 3361.7
B IS’=LM 13.1915 3808.5
C IS=LM’ 10.2128 3787.2
D IS’=LM’ 12.7660 4234.0
RESUMEN:
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TASA
DE
INTE
RES
(I)
PRODUCCIÓN (Y)
Punto A
IS = LM
I Y
10.6383 3361.7
Punto B
IS’ = LM
I Y
13.1915 3808.5
Punto C
IS = LM’
I Y
10.2128 3787.2
Punto D
IS’ = LM’
I Y
12.7660 4234.0
GRÁFICA MODELO IS-LM
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
0 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200
A
B
C
D
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Cuando el gobierno aplica un Política Fiscal Expansiva, la tasa de interés incrementa.
A B i: 10.6383 y 13.1915 = 2.5532
2.5532 = 0.24 x 100 = 24% 10.6383
Y: 3361.7 y 3808.5 = 446.8
446.8 =0.1329 x 100 = 13.29%3361.7• Tasa de Interés:
• Ingresos:
Cuando el gobierno aplica un Política Monetaria Expansiva, la tasa de interés disminuye.
A C i: 10.6383 y 10.2128 = 0.4255
0.4255 = 0.04 x 100 = 4% 10.6383
Y:3361.7 y 3787.2 = 425.5
425.5 =0.1266 x 100 = 12.66% 3361.7
• Tasa de Interés:
• Ingresos:
Cuando el gobierno aplica las dos políticas juntas la tasa de interés aumenta.
A C i= 10.6383 y 12.7660 = 2.1277
2.1277 = 0.2 x 100 = 20% 10.6383
Y:3361.7 y 4234 = 872.3
872.3 =0.2595 x 100 = 25.95% 3361.7
• Tasa de Interés:
• Ingresos:
Se recomienda ejecutar la Política Monetaria Expansiva, porque el interés a disminuido solo en un 4% lo cual no desequilibraría la estabilidad y el ingreso a aumentado en un 12.66%.
Incrementó en 2.5532 Incremento en 24%
Incrementó en 446.8 Incrementa en 13.29%
Disminuyó en 0.4255 Disminuye en 4%
Disminuyó en 425.5 Disminuye en 12.66%
Incrementó en 2.1277 Incremento en 20%
Incrementó en 872.3 Incremento en 25.95%
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DATOSMercado de bienes y
servicios
C=230+0.70 Yd I= 200-750i G=500 T=300 Yd=Y-T
Mercado de dinero
demanda:M/P=0.35Y-750i
oferta:M/P=80
Política fiscal
G´ = 600
Política monetariaM/P’ = 820
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Mercado de bienes y servicios
C=230+0.70 Yd I= 200-750i G=500 T=300 Yd=Y-T
Resolvemos C:
C=230+0.70 YdC=230+0.70(y-t)C=230+0.70(y-300)C=230+0.70y-210C=20+0.70y
Y=20+0.70Y+200-750i+500
Y= C + +I G
Y=720+0.70Y-750iY-0.70Y=720-750i0.30Y=720-750i
Y=720-750i 0.30 IS
C=20+0.70y
Equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios
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Mercado de dinero
demanda:M/P=0.35Y-750i
oferta:M/P=80
Equilibrio en el mercado de dinero
M/P = M/PDemanda = Oferta
0.35y-750i = 800
0.35y = 800+750i
y = 800+750i 0.35 LM
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I. EQUILIBRIO EN LA ECONOMIA
IS LM
Y=720-750i 0.30
y = 800+750i 0.35
=
=
720-750i = 800+750i 0.30 0.35720-750i(0.35) = 800+750i(0.30) 252-262.5i = 240+225i 252-240 = 225i+262.5i 12 = 487.5i
i = 0.02461
igualamos Reemplazamos en: IS
Y = 720-750i 0.30Y = 720-750(0.0246) 0.30Y = 720-18.45 0.30
Y = 2 338.5
PUNTO A
i = 0.02461Y = 2 338.5
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SE APLICA UNA POLÍTICA FISCAL
Y = C + I + G´
Y =20+0.70y + 200-750i+G´+600
Y = 820 + 0.70y -750i
Y- 0.70y = 820 -750i
0.30y = 820 -750i
Mercado de bienes y servicios
C=20+0.70yI= 200-750i
Política fiscal
G´ = 600
Y = 820 -750i 0.30 IS’
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II. EQUILIBRIO EN LA ECONOMIA
igualamos Reemplazamos en:
=
=
IS’ LM
y = 800+750i 0.35
Y = 820 -750i 0.30
IS’
820 -750i = 800+750i
0.30 0.35
820-750i(0.35) = 800+750i(0.30)
287-262.5i = 240+225i
287-240 = 225i+262.5i
47 = 487.5i
i = 0.0964
Y = 820 -750i 0.30Y = 820 – 750(0.0964) 0.30Y = 820 – 72.3 0.30Y = 747.7 0.30
Y = 2 492.33
PUNTO B
i = 0.0964Y = 2 492.33
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SE APLICA UNA POLITICA MONETARIA
Mercado de dinero
demanda:M/P=0.35Y-750i
Política monetariaM/P’ = 820
0.35Y-750i = 820
0.35Y = 820+750i
Y = 820+750i 0.35
LM’
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III. EQUILIBRIO EN LA ECONOMIA
igualamos Reemplazamos en:
PUNTO C
=
=
IS
Y=720-750i 0.30
LM’
Y = 820+750i 0.35
IS
720-750i = 820+750i
0.30 0.35
720-750i(0.35) = 820+750i(0.30)
252-262.5i = 246+225i
252-246 = 225i+262.5i
6 = 487.5iI = 0.0123
Y=720-750i 0.30Y = 720-750(0.0123) 0.30Y = 720-9.225 0.30Y = 710.775 0.30
Y = 2 369.25
I = 0.0123Y = 2 369.25
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SE APLICAN AMBAS POLÍTICAS(FISCAL Y MONETARIA)
igualamos Reemplazamos en:
=
=
PUNTO D
IS’
Y = 820 -750i 0.30
LM’
Y = 820+750i 0.35
IS’
820 -750i = 820+750i
0.30 0.35
820-750i(0.35) = 820+750i(0.30)
287-262.5i = 246+225i
287-246 = 225i+246.5i
41= 471.5iI = 0.0870
Y = 820 -750i 0.30Y = 820-750(0.0870) 0.30Y = 820-65.25 0.30Y = 754.75 0.30
Y = 2515.83
I = 0.0870
Y = 2515.83
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0.01
0.09
0.02
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.08
0.1
2000
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
A
C
B
D
PUNTO IGUALDAD i y
A IS=LM 0.0246 2 338.5
B IS’=LM 0.0964 2 492.33
C IS=LM’ 0.0123 2 369.25
D IS’=LM’ 0.0870 2 515.83LM’LM
IS’
IS
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POLITICA FISCAL
0.02461 ∆= 0,07179 0.07179/0.02461 = 2,920.0964 2338.5 ∆= 153.83 153.83/2338.5 = 0.06582 492.33
POLITICA MONETARIA
0.02461 ∆= 0.01231 0.01231/0.2461 = -0.05000.01232338.5 ∆= 30.75 30.75/2338.5=0.0112369.25
AMBAS POLITICAS0.02461 ∆=0.06239 0.06239/0.02461=2.540.08702338.5 ∆=177.33 177.33/2338.5=0.07582515.83
292%
6,6%
5%
1%
254%
8%
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EJERCICIO RESUELTO
DATOS:● Mercado de Bienes y Servicios
C= 200 + 0.60ydI= 280 – 300iG= 450T= 100Yd= Y- T
● Mercado de DineroM/P= 500M/P= 0.30y – 400i
● Política FiscalG’= 300
● Política MonetariaM/P’= 890
1. Buscar el equilibrio en el Mercado de Bienes y ServiciosC= 200 + 0.60ydC= 200 + 0.60 (y- 100)C= 200 +0.60y – 60C= 140 + 0.60y
PBI = C + I + GY= 140 + 0.60y + 280 – 300i + 450
Y= 870 + 0.60y – 300iY – 0.60y = 870 – 300i 0.40y = 870 – 300i
𝐘=870−300 i0.40IS
2. Buscar el equilibrio en el Mercado de Dinero0. 30Y – 400i = 5000. 30Y = 500 + 400i
𝐘=500+400 i0.30 LM
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3. Hallar el equilibrio de la economía
IS LM=
𝟖𝟕𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝟎 .𝟒𝟎 ¿
𝟓𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐢𝟎 .𝟑𝟎
REEMPLAZAR EN IS
𝟖𝟕𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝟎 .𝟒𝟎
Y =
Y =
Y =
PUNTO A:i = 0.244
Y = 1,992
Y = 1,992
(870 – 300i) 0.30 = (500 + 400i) 0.40 261 – 90i = 200 + 160i261 – 200 = 160i + 90i
61 = 250i
0.244 = i
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4. Aplicar la Política Fiscal, con el nuevo gasto (G’)C + I + G’
Y = 140 + 0. 60Y + 280 – 300i + 300Y = 720 + 0. 60Y – 300iY – 0. 60Y = 720 – 300i 0. 40Y = 720 – 300i
𝐘=720−300 i0.40
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS’
IS’ LM=𝟕𝟐𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒊
𝟎 .𝟒𝟎 ¿𝟓𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐢
𝟎 .𝟑𝟎(720 – 300i) 0.30 = (500 + 400i) 0.40
216 – 90i = 200 + 160i216 – 200 = 160i + 90i
16 = 250i
REEMPLAZAR EN IS’
𝟕𝟐𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝟎 .𝟒𝟎
Y =
Y =
Y =
PUNTO B:i = 0.064
Y = 1,7520.064 = i
Y = 1,752
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5. Aplicar la Política Monetaria, con la nueva Demanda de Dinero (M/P’)
0. 30Y – 400i = 8900. 30Y = 890 + 400i
𝐘=890+4 00 i0.30 LM’
Hallar el equilibrio de toda la economía.
IS = LM’
𝟖𝟕𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝟎 .𝟒𝟎 ¿
𝟖𝟗𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒊𝟎 .𝟑𝟎
(870 – 300i) 0.30 = (890 + 400i) 0.40 261 – 90i = 356 + 160i261 – 356 = 160i + 90i
-95 = 250i
REEMPLAZAR EN IS’
𝟖𝟕𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝟎 .𝟒𝟎
Y =
Y =
Y =
PUNTO C: i = - 0.38Y = 2,460
- 0.38 = i
Y = 2,460
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6. Aplicar las dos políticas juntas
IS’ LM’=𝟕𝟐𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒊
𝟎 .𝟒𝟎 ¿𝟖𝟗𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒊
𝟎 .𝟑𝟎
(720 – 300i) 0.30 = (890 + 400i) 0.40 216 – 90i = 356 + 160i216 – 356 = 160i + 90i
-140 = 250i
REEMPLAZAR EN IS’
𝟕𝟐𝟎−𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝟎 .𝟒𝟎
Y =
Y =
Y =
PUNTO D: i = - 0.56Y = 2,220
Y = 2,220- 0.56 = i
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GRÁFICA
PUNTO = i Y
A IS = LM 0. 2288 4, 457. 6457
B IS’ = LM 0. 2712 4, 542. 3543
C IS = LM’ 0. 1102 4, 620. 2971
D IS’ = LM’ 0. 1525 4, 705. 1429
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0.30
0.20
0.10
- 0.10
- 0.30
- 0.40
- 0.50
- 0.60
- 0.20
1900
1750
1800
1850
1950
2150
2100
2050
2000
2250
2200
2350
2400
2450
2300
2500
A
B
C
DIS
LM
IS’
LM’
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A B A C
i 0.244 ∆ = 0.180.064
0.180.244
= 0.7377 74%
Y 1992 ∆ = 2401752
2401992
= 0.1204 12.%
i 0.244 ∆ = 0.624- 0.38
0.6240.244= 2.5573 256 %
Y 1992 ∆ = 46824604681992= 0.2349 23 %
Para evaluar la política fiscal, la tasa de
interés disminuye 74 %, y el ingreso
disminuye un 12 %
Para evaluar la política monetaria, la tasa de
interés disminuye 256 %, y el ingreso aumenta un
23 %
A D
i
Y
0.244 ∆ = 0.804- 0.56
0.8040.244= 3.2950 330%
1992 ∆ = 22822202281992= - 0.1144 11 %
Para evaluar ambas políticas, la tasa de
interés disminuye 330 %, y el ingreso aumenta un
11%
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Por lo tanto, en está
economía se debe aplicar
la política monetaria.
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TENEMOS UNA ECONOMÍA
C= 500 + 0.80 YdI= 400 – 240iG= 650T= 450Yd= Y- TM/P= 800M/p= 0.25Y – 200iPolítica Fiscal G´= 900Política MonetariaM/p= 1 000
HALLAR:a. Equilibriob. Resultado de PFc. Resultado de PMd. Las dos juntase. Graficarf. Evaluar
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a. EQUILIBRIO
C I G
COMO Yd = Y - T C = 500 + 0.80 (Y – 450C = 500 + 0.80Y – 360C = 140 + 0.80Y
Y = 1 190 – 240i 0.20 IS
MERCADO DE DINERO 0.25y – 200I = 800 0.25y = 800 + 200I
Y = 800 – 200i 0.25
LMPARA QUE ESTE EN EQUILIBRIO:
Y = 140 + 0.80Y + 400 – 240i + 650 Y = 1 190 + 0.80Y – 240iY – 0.80Y = 1 190 – 240i 0.20Y = 1 190 – 240i
Y= C + I + GY= 500 + 0.80Yd + 400 – 240i + 650
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IS = LM 1 190 – 240i = 800 + 200i 0.20 0.25
(1 190 – 240i) 0.25 = (800 + 200i) 0.20
297.5 – 60i = 160 + 40i 297.5 – 160 = 40i + 60i 137.5 = 100i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS:Y = 1 190 – 240 (1.375) 0.20Y = 1 190 – 330 0.20Y = 860 0.20
PUNTO A
Y = 4 3001.375 = i
PUNTO A i = 1.375Y = 4 300
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b. POLÍTICA FISCAL Y = 140 + 0.80Y + 400 – 240i + 900
Y = 1 440 + 0.80Y – 240iY – 0.80Y = 1 440 – 240i 0.20Y = 1 440 – 240i
Y = 1 440 – 240i 0.20 IS’
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1 440 – 240i = 800 + 200i 0.20 0.25
(1 440 – 240i) 0.25 = (800 + 200i) 0.20
360 – 60i = 160 + 40i 360 – 160 = 40i + 60i 200 = 100i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS’:Y = 1 440 – 240 (2) 0.20Y = 1 440 – 480 0.20Y = 2 400 0.20
PUNTO BIS’ = LM
Y =4 800
2 = iPUNTO B
i = 2Y = 4 8 00
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c. POLÍTICA MONETARIA0.25Y – 200i = 1 000 0.25Y = 1 000 + 200i
Y = 1 000 – 200i 0.25LM’
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1 190 – 240i = 1 000 + 200i 0.20 0.25
(1 190 – 240i) 0.25 = (1 000 + 200i) 0.20
297.5 – 60i = 200 + 40i 297.5 – 200 = 40i + 60i 97.5 = 100i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS:Y = 1 190 – 240 (0.975) 0.20Y = 1190 – 234 0.20Y = 956 0.20
PUNTO CIS = LM’
Y = 4 780
0.975 = i
PUNTO C i = 0.975Y = 4 780
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1 440 – 240i = 1 000 + 200i 0.20 0.25
(1 440 – 240i) 0.25 = (1 000 + 200i) 0.20
300 – 60i = 200 + 40i 300 – 200 = 40i + 60i 160 = 100i
REEMPLAZAMOS “i” EN LA IS’:Y = 1 440 – 240 (1.6) 0.20Y = 1440 – 384 0.20Y = 1 056 0.20
PUNTO DIS’ = LM’
PUNTO D i = 1.6
Y = 5 280
1.6 = i
Y = 5 280
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i Y
A 1.375 4 300
B 2 4 800
C 0.975 4 780
D 1.6 5 280
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0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
4 10
0
4 20
0
4 40
0
4 50
0
4 60
0
4 70
0
4 80
0
4 90
0
5 00
0
5 10
0
5 30
0
5 20
0
4 30
00
A
B
C
D
IS
IS’
LM’
LM
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4 800Y 4 300500/ 4 300 = 0.1163x 100 = 11.63%
4 780Y 4 300480/ 4300 = 0.1116x 100 = 11.16%
5 280Y 4 300980/ 4 300 = 0.2279x 100 = 27.79%
CHÁCHARAA B 1.375i 20.625/ 1.375 = 0.4545 x 100 = 45.45%
A C 1.375i 0.9750.4 / 1.375 = 0.2909 x 100 = 29.09%
A D 1.6i 1.3750.225/ 1.375 = 0.1636x 100 = 16.36%
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Para evaluar la política fiscal la tasa de interés aumenta un 45.45% y el ingreso aumenta 11.63% (12%).
Para evaluar la política monetaria la tasa de interés baja un 29.09% y el ingreso aumenta 11.16% (11%).
Para evaluar ambas políticas, la tasa de interés aumenta un 16.36% y el ingreso aumenta 27.79% (28%). “ESTA ME CONVIENE”
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Datos para el modelo IS LM: C = 360 + 0.75Y
I = 400-400i G = 800 T = 600 Yd = (Y-T) M/P = 750 M/P = 0.30y – 600iPolítica Fiscal M/P´ = 1400Política Monetaria P/F = 1200
Paso 1: Y = C + I + G C = 360 + 0.75(Y-600) C = -90 + 0.75y Y = -90 + 0.75y + 400 – 400i – 800 Y = 110 + 0.75Y – 400i
EL mercado de bienes y servicios están en equilibrio
Paso 2 : IGUALALOS M/P = M/P´ 0.30y – 600i = 750
Y = 1100 – 400i 0.25 IS
Y = 750 + 600i0.30
LM
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Paso 3: Igualamos IS = LM 1100 – 400i 750 + 600i Reemplazamos en¨IS¨ : 0.25 = 0.30 Y = 1100 – 400 ( 0.5277 ) ( 1100 - 400i ) 0.30 = ( 750 + 600i ) 0.25 0.25 330 – 120i = 187.5 + 15 i 142.5 = 270i
Paso 4 : IS´ = LM : 1510 - 400i = 750 – 600i Aplicamos la Política Fiscal expansiva 0.25 0.30 Y = -90 + 0.75y + 400 – 400i = 1200 ( 1510 – 400i) 0.30 = ( 750 – 600i ) 0.25 Y = 1510 + 0.75y – 400i 453 – 120i = 187.5 + 150i 265.5 = 270i
Reemplazamos en IS´ :Y = 1510 – 400 ( 0.9833 ) 0.25
0.5277 = i
Y = 3555.68PTO. ¨A¨
Y = 1510 – 400i0.25
IS´
0.9833 = i
Y = 4466.72
PTO. ¨B¨
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Paso 5 : Aplicamos la Política monetaria : Reemplazamos en la LM´ : Y = 0.30y – 600i = 1400 Y = 1400 + 600 ( -0.0740 ) 0.30
Igualamos en la IS = LM´ 1100 – 400i = 1400 + 600i 0.25 0.30
( 1100 – 400i ) 0.30 = ( 1400 + 600i ) 330 – 120i = 350 + 150i -20 = 270i
Y = 1400 + 600i 0.30
LM´
-0.0740 = i
Y = 4518.66
PTO . ¨C¨
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Paso 6 :
Igualamos IS´ = LM´ 1510 – 400i = 1400 + 600i 0.25 0.30 ( 1510 – 400i ) 0.25 = ( 1400 + 600i ) 0.30 453 – 120i = 350 + 150i 103 = 270i
Reemplazamos en la IS´ :
Y = 1510 – 400 ( 0.3814 ) 0 .25
DASD
0.3814 = i
Y = 5429.76
PTO . ¨D¨
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i
Y0 3000 3500 45004000 55005000
- 0.10 C
1.000
0.8000
0.000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
B
D
A
0.9833
0.5277
0.3814
-0.0740
LM
LM´
IS
IS´
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LA CHÁCHARA
En Política monetaria : A = C 0.5277 ∆ = 0.6017 i -0.0740 0.6017=1.14 Disminuye en un 140% 0.5277
3555.68 ∆ = 962.98 Y 4518.66
962.98 = 0.27 Aumenta un 27 % 3555.68
En Política Fiscal : A = B 0.5277 ∆= 0.4556 i 0.9833 0.4556 = 0.86 Aumenta un 86 % 0.5277
3555.68 ∆ = 911.04 Y 4466.72 911.04 = 0.25 Aumenta un 25 % 3555.68
Las dos políticas juntas: A = D 0.5277 ∆ = 0.1463 0.3814 i 0.1463 = 0.277 Disminuye en un 26 % 0.5277
3555.68 ∆ = 1874 . 08 5429.76 Y 1874. 08 = 0.52 Aumenta un 52 % 3555.68
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Datos del Ejercicio:
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EQUILIBRIO EN EL MERCADO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS
PRIMER PASO:
SEGUNDO PASO
IS
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EQUILIBRIO EN EL MERCADO DE DINERO
MERCADO DE DINERO • DEMANDA DE
DINERO
• OFERTA DE DINERO
IS=LM
LM
EQUILIBRIO EN LA ECONOMÍA
REEMPLAZO EN IS
PUNTO Ai=0.8823Y=3353.1
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PRIMER PASO
SEGUNDO PASOSE APLICA UNA POLÍTICA FISCAL EXPANSIVA
REEMPLAZO EN IS´IS´
PUNTO Bi=1.1176Y=3647
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SE APLICA UNA POLITICA MONETARIAPRIMER PASO
SEGUNDO PASO
LM´ REEMPLAZO DE LM´
PUNTO Ci=0.6470Y=4058.75
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SE APLICAN LAS DOS POLITICAS
REEMPLAZO EN IS´
PUNTO Di=0.8882Y=4335.4
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PTO = i Y
A IS=LM 0.8823 3353.1
B IS´=LM 1.1176 3647.2
C IS=LM´ 0.6470 4058.75
D IS´=LM´ 0.8882 4335.4
PUNTO Ai=0.8823Y=3353.1
PUNTO Bi=1.1176Y=3647
PUNTO Ci=0.6470Y=4058.75
PUNTO Di=0.8882Y=4335.4
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GRAFICO:
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
LM
LM´
IS
IS´
A
B
C
D
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CHACHARA:i
Y
i
i
Y
Y
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y=340+0,60y+500-600i+500y=1340+0,60y-600iy-0,60y=1340-600i0,40y=1340-600i y=1340-600i 0,40
Equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios
Y=C+I+G
IS
Equilibrio en el mercado de dinero
Demanda de dinero : 0,15y-500iOferta de dinero : 300
0,15y-500i=3000,15y=300+500i
y=300+500i 0,15
LM
IGUALAMOS (IS=LM)
y=1340-600i y=300+500i 0,40 0,15(1340-600i)0,15 = (300+500i)0.40 201-90i = 120+200i 201-120i = 200i+90i 81 = 290i 81/290 = i 0,2793 = i
Reemplazando en el IS
y=1340-600(2793) 0,40y=1340-167,58 0,40y=1172,42 0,40y= 2931,05
Punto A
I = 0,2793Y = 2931,05
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Se aplica una política fiscal
y=340+0,60y+500-600i+800y=1640+0,60y-600iy-0,60y=1640-600i0,40y=1640-600i
y=1640-600i 0.40
IS’
IGUALAMOS (IS’=LM)
1640-600i 300+500i 0,40 0,15(1640-600i)0,15 = (300+500i)0,40 246-90i = 120+200i 246-120 = 290i 126 = 290i 126/290 = i 0,4344 = i
Reemplazamos IS’
y=1640-600(0,4344) 0,40y=1640-260,64 0,40y=1379,36 0,40
y=3448,4
Punto B
I = 0,4344Y = 3448,4
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M/P=400 M/P=0,15y-500i
0,15y-500i=400 0,15y=400+500i y=400+500i 0,15
Se aplica una política monetaria
LM’
IGUALAMOS IS=LM’
y=1340-600i y=400+500i 0,40 0,15(1340-600i)0,15 = (400+500)0,40 201-90i = 160+200i 201-160 = 200i+90i 41 = 290i 41/290 = i 0,1413 = i
Reemplazamos IS
y = 1340 - 600(0,1413) 0,40y= 1340-84,78 0,40y= 1255,22 0,40 y= 3138,05
Punto C
I = 0,1413Y = 3138,05
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Se aplica las 2 políticas juntas
Igualamos IS’ = LM’
y=1640-600i 400+500i 0.40 0,15(1640-600i)0,15 = (400+500i)0,40246-90i = 160+200i246-160 = 200i+90i86 = 290 i86/290 = i
0,2965 = i
Reemplazando IS’
y=1640-600(0,2965) 0.40y=1640-177,78 0,40y=1462,22 0,40 y=3655,55
Punto D
i = 0,2965Y = 3655,55
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Puntos = i y
A IS = LM 0,2793 2931,05
B IS’ = LM 0,4344 3448,4
C IS = LM’ 0,1413 3138,05
D IS’ = LM’ 0,2965 3655,55
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GRAFICA
0
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POLITICA FISCALA B
POLITICA MONETARIAA C
LOS DOS JUNTOSA D
i=0,2793-0,4344 = 0,1551
0,1551 = 0,550,2793 55%
y=2931,05-3448.4 = 517,35
517,35 = 0,172931,05 17%
i=0,2793-0,1413=0,138
0,138 = 0,40,2793 4%
y=2931,05-3138,05 = 207,5
207,5 = 0,072931,05 7%
i=0,2793-0,2965 = 0,0172
0,017 = 0,060,2793 6%
y=2931,05-3655,55 = 724,5
724,5 = 0,242931,05 24%
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Hallamos “C” :
C= 500 + 0.80y (y-90)C= 500 + 0.80y – 72
Remplazamos Para Encontrar Nuestra “IS” “LM”: Y = C + I + G Y = 428 + 0.80y + 400 – 600i + 500 y = 1328 + 0.80y – 600i y – 0.80y = 1328 – 600i 0.20y = 1328 – 600i
Mercado Monetario :
MP = MP
0.15y – 500i = 700 0.15y = 700 + 500i
Tenemos una economía: C =500+0860ydI =400-600iG =500T =90M/P = 700M/P = 0.15-500iPolítica Fiscal: G= 700Política Monetaria:M/P = 900
Se Pide:a) Equilibriob) Resultado de PFc) Resultado de PMd) Graficare) Cháchara
C= 428 + 0.80y
Y = 1328 – 600i 0.20
y = 700 + 500i 0.15
IS
LM
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a) Equilibrio: IS = LM
1328 – 600i = 700 + 500i 0.20 0.15
(1328 – 600i ) 0.15 = (700 + 500i ) 0.20 198.75 – 90i = 140 + 100i 198.75 – 140 = 90i + 100i
58.75 = 190i
58.75 = i 190
• Remplazamos:
Y = 1328 – 600 ( 0.3092) 0.20 Y = 1328 – 185.52 0.20 Y = 1142.48 0.20
i = 0.3092
Y = 5712.4
P.”A”
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• b) Política Fiscal : Aquí hallaremos la IS”
Y = C + I + G” y = 428 + 0.80y + 400 – 600i + 700 y = 1528 + 0.80y – 600i y – 0.80 = 1528 – 600i 0.20 = 1528 – 600i
IS” = LM
1528 – 600i = 700 + 500i 0.20 0.15
( 1528 – 600i ) 0.15 = ( 700 + 500i ) 0.20 229.2 - 90i = 140 + 100i 229.2 – 140 = 90i + 100i 89.2 = 190i
89.2 =i 190
• Remplazamos :
Y = 1528 – 600 ( 0.4695) 0.20
Y = 1528 – 281.7 0.20
Y = 1246.3 0.20
i = 0.4695
y = 623.15
P.“B”
Y = 1528 – 600i 0.20
IS”
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• c) Política Monetaria : Aquí Hallaremos la LM” .
0.15 – 500i = 9000 0.15 = 900 – 500i
IS = LM”
1328 – 600i = 900 + 500i 0.20 = 0.15
( 1328 – 600i) 0.15 = ( 900 + 500i) 0.20 199.2 – 90i = 180 + 100i
199.2 – 180 = 90i + 100i
19.2 = 190i
19.2 = i 190
• Remplazamos :
Y = 1328 – 600 (0.1011) 0.20
Y = 1328 – 60.66 0.20
Y= 1267.34 0.20
Y = 900 + 500i 0.15 LM”
i = 0.1011
Y = 6336.7
P.”C”
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• Hallamos :
IS” = LM”
1528 – 600i = 900 + 500i 0.20 0.15
(1528 – 600i ) 0.15 = ( 900 + 500)0.20 229.2 – 90i = 180 + 100i 229.2 – 180 = 90i + 100i 49.2 = 190i
49.2=i 190
• Remplazamos:
Y = 1528 – 600 ( 0.2589) 0.20
Y = 1528 – 155.34 0.20
Y = 1372.66 0.20
i = 0.2589
Y = 6863.3
P.”D”
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PT IGUAL i Y a IS=LM 0.3092 5712.4 b IS”=LM 0.4695 623.15 c IS=LM” 0.1011 6336.7 d IS”=LM” 0.2589 6863.3
Tabla:
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0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800
A
B
C
D
Grafico:
LM
ISIS”
LM”
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• A B
i 0.3092 – 0.4695 0.1603 = 0.5184 * 100 = 51.84% 0.3092
Y 5712.4 – 623.15 5089.25= 0.8909 * 100 = 89.09% 5712.4
• A C
i 0.3092 – 0.1011
0.2081 = 0.6730 * 100 = 67.3% 0.3092
Y 5712.4 – 6336 .7
624.3 = 0.1093 * 100 = 10.93% 5712.4
Para evaluar la política fiscal , la tasa de interés aumenta 51.84% , y el ingreso
aumente 89.09
Para evaluar la política monetaria , la tasa de interés disminuye 67.3% , y el ingreso
aumenta 10.93% .
Cháchara
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• A D
i 0.3092 – 0.2589
0.0503= 0.1627 * 100 = 16.27% 0.3092
y 5712.4 – 6863.3
1150.9 = 0.2015 * 100 = 20.15% 5712.4
• Para esta Economía debe aplicar ambas políticas!
Para evaluar ambas Políticas , la tasa de interés disminuye 16.27% , y el ingreso
aumenta 20.15