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ISAS

REPORTMarch 10

ISAS Title: What would be the use/importance ofIT

Group Members:1: H Xun Thi2: Bi Hng Tn3: Vng Vn Hng

Batch Code: NE-09073Centre: NIIT - iNET

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ISAS Report NIIT - iNET

ISAS END-SEM PROJECT SUBMISSION FORM

Group Project Number: 1.10 Individual Project Number:

Individual Project Title:What would be the use/importance of IT

List all the sources of information used (give details):

* Newspapers:

General

Commercial or Business

* Magazines:

Business / Commercial

Technical / IT Industry

* Internet:Engines used for information search:1. http://www.Google.Com2. http://www.wikipedia.Org3. http://www.Yahoo.Com4. http://www.Socbay.com

* Others (give details):

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Mc Lc

Li mi u ................................................................................................................................ 4

I, Virtual Reality .........................................................................................................................51, Virtual Reality L G? ........................................................................................................ 52, nh Ngha ......................................................................................................................... 53, Ba c Tnh Chnh Ca VR ...............................................................................................64, Cc thnh phn mt h thng VR ...................................................................................... 6

4.1, Phn cng (Hardware) .................................................................................................64.2, Phn mm (Software) ..................................................................................................7

5, Lch s pht trin VR ......................................................................................................... 76, Mt s ng dng chnh ca VR ..........................................................................................87, Kt Lun ............................................................................................................................. 8

II, Computers ..............................................................................................................................91, Gii thiu chung ................................................................................................................. 92, Lch s pht trin ...............................................................................................................9

3, Cu trc,nguyn l chung .................................................................................................114, Phn loi my tnh ...........................................................................................................125, Mc ch s dng .............................................................................................................126, Tm quan trng ca computers ........................................................................................13

III, Multimedia .........................................................................................................................161, Khi nim: ........................................................................................................................162, Tc dng ca a phng tin: ......................................................................................163, ng dng ca a phng tin trong cuc sng: ..........................................................16

3.1, Lu tr d liu ...........................................................................................................163.2, Mng v mng vin thng: ........................................................................................183.3, Cc phng tin gii tr: ............................................................................................183.4, Th Trng ................................................................................................................18

4, Kt Lun ...........................................................................................................................19IV, Tng Kt ............................................................................................................................ 19

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Li mi u

Ngy nay, vi s pht trin nhy vt ca khoa hc cng ngh ni chung ca ngnhcng ngh thng tin ni ring, vi nhng tnh nng u vit, s tin dng v c ngdng rng ri, cng ngh thng tin ngy nay l mt phn khng th thiu c canhiu ngnh trong cng cuc xy dng v pht trin x hi. Hn th na n cn i sui sng ca con ngi.

Cng ngh thng tin thm nhp kh mnh m vo Vit Nam. Nhiu lnh vc hotng t lnh vc qun l hnh chnh, qun l kinh t, t ng ha cng nghip... ncc lnh vc gio dc v o to u c thay i ng k nh ng dng cng nghthng tin. My tnh l cng c cn thit i vi con ngi trong thi i ngy nay.

Vi nhng vn t ra trn em la chn ti v Tm Quan Trng CaCNTT vi mong mun c nghin cu su hn v vn ny.

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Vitual reality Developed by H Xun Thi

I, Virtual Reality

Li Gii Thiu:Cng ngh thc ti o l mt thut ng mi xut hin khong u thp k 90,nhngthc s pht trin mnh trong vng vi nm tr li y. Theo d on ca Gartner (tchc nghin cu th trng ton cu), VR ng u danh sch 10 cng ngh chinlc nm 2009. Ti M v chu u thc ti o (VR) v ang tr thnh mt cngngh mi nhn nh kh nng ng dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc (nghin cu vcng nghip, gio dc v o to, du lch, dch v bt ng sn, thng mi v giitr,..) v tim nng kinh t, cng nh tnh lng dng (trong dn dng v qun s) can.

1, Virtual Reality L G?Vy VR- Thc ti o l g? Trc ht chng ta hy gii thch n qua kha cnh chcnng. VR l mt h thng m phng trong ha my tnh c s dng to ramt th gii "nh tht". Hn na, th gii "nhn to" ny khng tnh ti, m li phnng, thay i theo mun (tn hiu vo) ca ngi s dng (nh hnh ng, lini,..). iu ny xc nh mt c tnh chnh ca VR, l tng tc thi gian thc(real-time interactivity). Thi gian thc y c ngha l my tnh c kh nng nhn

bit c tn hiu vo ca ngi s dng v thay i ngay lp tc th gii o. Ngis dng nhn thy s vt thay i trn mn hnh ngay theo mun ca h v b thuht bi s m phng ny. iu ny chng ta c th nhn thy ngay khi quan st tr

nh chi video game. Theo bo Bild (c), c hai tr nh Anh b thu ht v mi mchi Nintendo n ni ngay c khi nh chng ang b chy cng khng h hay bit!Tng tc v kh nng thu ht ca VR gp phn ln vo cm gic m chm(immersion), cm gic tr thnh mt phn ca hnh ng trn mn hnh m ngi sdng ang tri nghim. Nhng VR cn y cm gic ny "tht" hn na nh tc ngln tt c cc knh cm gic ca con ngi. Trong thc ti, ngi dng khng nhngnhn thy i tng ha 3D ni (nh hnh ni trang cui bo Hoa hc tr ngtrc kia), iu khin (xoay, di chuyn,..) c i tng trn mn hnh (nh tronggame), m cn s v cm thy chng nh c tht. Ngoi kh nng nhn (th gic),nghe (thnh gic), s (xc gic), cc nh nghin cu cng nghin cu to cc

cm gic khc nh ngi (khu gic), nm (v gic). Tuy nhin hin nay trong VR cccm gic ny cng t c s dng n.

2, nh Ngha

T cc phn tch trn, chng ta c th thy nhngha sau y ca C. Burdea v P. Coiffet v VRl tng i chnh xc: VR- Thc ti o l mth thng giao din cp cao gia Ngi s dngv My tnh. H thng ny m phng cc s vt

v hin tng theo thi gian thc v tng tcvi ngi s dng qua tng hp cc knh cm

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gic. l ng gic gm: th gic, thnh gic, xc gic, khu gic, v gic. Khi nimny tng i st thc ti, tuy nhin "trm nghe khng bng mt thy", cho d bn ctng tng n u cng ch c th "hnh dung" ch khng th "cm thy" mt VR.Hy vng trong tng lai gn, ti Vit nam s c mt VR cc bn c th cm nhnc s sng to v i ca con ngi.

3, Ba c Tnh Chnh Ca VR

Nh trn trnh by, 2 c tnh chnh ca VR l Tng tc v m chm, y l hai"I" (Interactive, Immersion) m nhiu ngi bit. Tuy nhin VR cn c 1 c tnhth 3 m t ngi ti. VR khng ch l mt h thng tng tc Ngi- My tnh,m cc ng dng ca n cn lin quan ti vic gii quyt cc vn tht trong kthut, y hc, qun s,...Cc ng dng ny do cc nh pht trin VR thit k, iu ny

ph thuc rt nhiu vo kh nng Tng tng ca con ngi, chnh l c tnh "I"(Imagination) th 3 ca VR. Do c th coi VR l tng hp ca 3 yu t: Tng tc-

m chm- Tng tng, (3 I trong ting Anh: Interactive- Immersion-Imagination) nh trong hnh th hin.

4, Cc thnh phn mt h thng VR

Tng qut mt VR bao gm nhng 5 thnhphn sau:

Phn mm, Phn cng, Mng lin kt, Ngi

dng v Cc ng dng.Trong bi ny ti ch tp chung vo SW(phn mm) v HW (phn cng),

4.1, Phn cng (Hardware)

Phn cng ca mt VR bao gm:

My tnh (PC hay Workstation vi

cu hnh ha mnh).

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Cc thit b u vo (Input devices): B dv tr (position tracking) xc nh v tr quanst. B giao din nh v (Navigationinterfaces) di chuyn v tr ngi s dng.B giao din c ch (Gesture interfaces) nhgng tay d liu (data glove) ngi s dngc th iu khin i tng.

Cc thit b u ra (Output devices): gmhin th ha (nh mn hnh, HDM,..) nhn c i tng 3D ni. Thit b m thanh(loa) nghe c m thanh vm (nh Hi-Fi,Surround,..). B phn hi cm gic (Haptic feedback nh gng tay,..) to xcgic khi s, nm i tng. B phn hi xung lc (Force Feedback) to lc tcng nh khi p xe, i ng xc,...

4.2, Phn mm (Software)

Phn mm lun l linh hn ca VR cng nh i vi bt c mt h thng my tnhhin i no. V mt nguyn tc c th dng bt c ngn ng lp trnh hay phnmm ha no m hnh ha (modelling) v m phng (simulation) cc itng ca VR. V d nh cc ngn ng (c th tm min ph) OpenGL, C++,Java3D, VRML, X3D, ...hay cc phn mm thng mi nh WorldToolKit,PeopleShop,... Phn mm ca bt k VR no cng phi bo m 2 cng dngchnh: To hnh vo M phng. Cc i tng ca VR c m hnh ha nh

chnh phn mm ny hay chuyn sang t cc m hnh 3D (thit k nh cc phnmm CAD khc nh AutoCAD, 3D Studio,..). Sau phn mm VR phi c khnng m phng ng hc, ng lc hc, v m phng ng x ca i tng.

5, Lch s pht trin VR

- Sensorama (1956) - Morton Heilig.- Heilig ca HMD (1960).- Philco Headsight TV(1961) - Comeau & Bryan.- Ivan Sutherland and The Ultimate Display (1965)- Sutherlands HMD (1968)- UNC Haptic Systems (1967-1980)- Knowltons Virtual Pushbuttons (1975)- LEEP Optics (1975)- The DataGlove (1981-1982)- Kruegers Videoplace (1983)- Bishops Self-Tracker Dissertation (1984)- NASA Ames HMD (1981-1984)- NASA Ames VIEW or VIVID (1985)

- USAF Super Cockpit (1985)- VPL Research (1985)

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- British Aerospace (1987-1990s)- W Industries (1990s)- UNC Ceiling Tracker (1991-now)

6, Mt s ng dng chnh ca VR

Ti cc nc pht trin, chng ta cth nhn thy VR c ng dngtrong mi lnh vc: Khoa hc kthut, kin trc, qun s, gii tr, dulch, a c... v p ng mi nhu cu:

Nghin cu- Gio dc- Thng mi-dch v. Y hc, du lch l lnh vcng dng truyn thng ca VR. Bncnh VR cng c ng dng

trong gio dc, ngh thut, gii tr, dulch o (Virtual Tour), bt ng sn...Trong lnh vc qun s, VR cngc ng dng rt nhiu cc nc

pht trin. Bn cnh cc ng dngtruyn thng trn, cng c mt sng dng mi ni ln trong thi giangn y ca VR nh: VR ng dngtrong sn xut, VR ng dng trongngnh rbt, VR ng dng trong hinth thng tin (thm d du m, hin

th thng tin khi, ng dng chongnh du lch, ng dng cho thtrng bt ng sn....).

7, Kt LunVR c tim nng ng dng v cng ln. C th ni tm li mt iu: Mi lnh vc "c tht "trong cuc sng u c th ng dng "thc ti o" nghin cu v pht trin hon thinhn.

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Computers Developed by Vng Vn Hng

II, Computers

1, Gii thiu chungT lu con ngi quan tm n thng tin v trong vi thp k gn y loi ngi c s bng n v cng ngh thng tin.Theo quan im truyn thng ngoi ba nhn tc bn ca nn kinh t l: iu kin t nhin, ngun lao ng v vn u t.Yu tquan trng th t n l thng tin.Ni n thng tin th chng ta phi ni n ngnhcng ngh thng tin trong my tnh in t l mt cng c khng th thiu trongngnh ny. Vy my tnh l g? Theo mt s ti liu th chng ta c th hiu khi nimca my tnh nh sau:

- My tnh l tp hp mt vi thnh phn thit b in t x l cng vic cngnhau bi nhng ch lnh c cc nh cung cp ci t sn trong n. Chc

chng ta ai cng tng c s dng v nhn thy my tnh.y l mt hnhnh ca n:Ngy nay, my tnh ang l mt cng chu ch giup con ngi khai thc ti nguynthng tin. N tr thnh mt ngnh khoahc ln, c tm quan trng nht nh i vix hi.

2, Lch s pht trin

My tnh c con ngi ci tin khng ngng qua tng giai on pht trin sau:

- Cc my tnh c hcAbacus: Bn tnh gy, l cng c tnh ton ra i sm nht. Theo nhiu ti liu th n

c ra i Trung Quc.Nm 1642: Pascal ch to ra chic my tnh c hc u tin, thc hin c phpcng v php tr bng cch nhp phm s.

Nm 1822, Babbage gio s i hc Cambridge ca Anh cng b cng trnh "mytnh sai phn", sau ng pht trin thnh my tnh a nng, tin thn ca my tnh shin i ngy nay, my c th c c lnh t ba c l v thi hnh chng (Ada l

ngi tr l ca ng.)

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-Cc my tnh n in t:Th h 1: (1846-1955)My tnh dng n in t chn khng c tn l ENIAC (Electronic NumericalIntergator And Computer).y l My tnh in t u tin Do John Mauchlyv John PresperEckert, i hc Pennsylvania thit k. Bt u t nm 1943v hon thnh nm 1946.

My tnh von Neumann: l my tnh IAS(Princeton Institute for AdvancedStudies). c bt u t 1947v hon thnh1952.Do John von Neumann thitk. c xy dng theo tng chng trnh c lu tr (stored-programconcept) ca von Neumann v Turing (1945).+ c im chnh ca my tnh IAS: n v iu khin, n v s hc v logic(ALU), b nh chnh v cc thit b vo-ra.+ C B nh chnh cha chng trnh v d liu.B nh chnh c nh ach theo tng ngn nh. ALU thc hin c cc php ton vi s nh phn.+ n v iu khin nhn lnh t b nh, gii m v thc hin lnh mt cchtun t. y l m hnh c bn ca my tnh.- 1953 vi my tnh IBM 701 hng IBM (International Business Machine)y l my tnh lu tr chng trnh u tin ca IBM s dng cho tnh tonkhoa hc.

Th h th 2: (1956-1965)My tnh dng transistor (bng

bn dn):-My tnh PDP-1 l my tnhmini u tin ca DEC(Digital EquipmentCorporation) hng IBM 7000.

N c th thc hin hng trmnghn php cng trong mt giy.

- My tnh vi cc ngn ng lp trnh bc cao ra i.Th h th 3: (1966-1980)My tnh dng vi mch SSI, MSI v LSI - Vi mch (Integrated Circuit - IC):nhiu transistor v cc phn t khc c tch hp trn mt chip bn dn.+ SSI (Small Scale Integration)+ MSI (Medium Scale Integration)+ LSI (Large Scale Integration)- Siu my tnh xut hin: CRAY-1 v VAX- B vi x l (microprocessor) ra i: B vi x l u tin, Intel 4004 (1971).

My tnh trong hin ti v tng lai:Th h th t: (1981 nay)

- My tnh dng vi mch VLSI - Cc sn phm chnh ca cng ngh VLSI:+ B vi x l (Microprocessor): CPU c ch to trn mt chip.

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B s hc/lgic

B iu khin B x l trung tm

B nh trongThit b vo Thit b ra

B nh ngoi


+ Vi mch iu khin tng hp (Chipset): mt hoc mt vi vi mch thc hinc nhiu chc nng iu khin v ni ghp.+ B nh bn dn (Semiconductor Memory): ROM, RAM+ Cc b vi iu khin (Microcontroller): my tnh chuyn dng c ch totrn 1 chip.

- Xut hin my vi tnh IBM - PC vi h iu hnh DOS-Vic chuyn t th h th t sang th h th 5 cn cha r rng. Ngi Nht v ang i tin phong trong cc chng trnh nghin cu cho ra i th h th5 ca my tnh, th h ca nhng my tnh thng minh, da trn cc ngn ng trtu nhn to nh LISP v PROLOG,...v nhng giao din ngi my thngminh. n thi im ny, cc nghincu cho ra cc sn phm bc uv gn y nht (2004) l s ra mtsn phm ngi my thng minh gnging vi con ngi nht: ASIMO(Advanced Step Innovative Mobility:Bc chn tin tin ca i mi vchuyn ng).

3, Cu trc,nguyn l chung- Cng nh nhiu my mc thit b khc my tnh cng c cu to v nguyn l hot- Cng nh nhiu my mc thit b khc my tnh cng c cu to v nguyn l hot ng ring.ng ring.

-- My tnh c th lm vic thng qua s chuyn ng ca cc b phn c kh,My tnh c th lm vic thng qua s chuyn ng ca cc b phn c kh, cc thitcc thitb in t, cc vi mch, thng qua b vi s l.b in t, cc vi mch, thng qua b vi s l.- My tnh gm 2 phn:- My tnh gm 2 phn:

+ Phn cng (hardware)+ Phn cng (hardware)+ Phn mm (software)+ Phn mm (software)

- S cu trc chung ca my tnh:- S cu trc chung ca my tnh:

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4, Phn loi my tnhTheo mc ch s dng m chng ta c th la chnTheo mc ch s dng m chng ta c th la chn nhng loi my tnh khc nhau.Sau y l cc loinhng loi my tnh khc nhau.Sau y l cc loi my tnh chng ta c th la chn:my tnh chng ta c th la chn:

- Siu my tnh l my tnh c tc s l thng- Siu my tnh l my tnh c tc s l thngtin cc ln.thng th loi my tnh ny dung stin cc ln.thng th loi my tnh ny dung sl mng my tnh ton cu.l mng my tnh ton cu.

- My ch l loi my tnh dung cho cc doanh- My ch l loi my tnh dung cho cc doanhnghip, cc cng ty ln dung qun l mng ni b.nghip, cc cng ty ln dung qun l mng ni b.

- My tnh bn hay l my tnh c nhn dung- My tnh bn hay l my tnh c nhn dungcho vic hc tp, lm vic hoc gii tr.nhng ncho vic hc tp, lm vic hoc gii tr.nhng n khng th mang i theo mnh m ch bn.khng th mang i theo mnh m ch bn.

- My tnh xch tay l loi my tnh c khi lng- My tnh xch tay l loi my tnh c khi lngnh khong vi kg c th mang theo ngi.nh khong vi kg c th mang theo ngi.- My tnh mini l loi my tnh rt nh c th - My tnh mini l loi my tnh rt nh c th

ti qun mang i rt gn nh.ti qun mang i rt gn nh.

5, Mc ch s dng

Con ngi s dng my tnh vo rt nhiu mc ch khc nhau. C th chia lm ccCon ngi s dng my tnh vo rt nhiu mc ch khc nhau. C th chia lm ccmc ch sau:mc ch sau:- My tnh dnh cho hc tp: thng

dnh cho hc sinh, sinh vin,chngta c th s dng my tnh nhvn bn, tnh ton, lm bi tp.

- My tnh dnh cho lm vic: itng ch yu l nhng ngi vang i lm, h s dng my tnh

phuc v cho cng vic ca mnh v th

nhng my tnh ny phi ph hp vicng vic ca h.v d: h lm lptrnh th my tnh c cu hnh cao,dung lng v tc x l ca my

phi nhanh- My tnh cho Gii tr: nu mun c

mt chic my tnh phuc v chogii tr th bn phi xem ti tin caminh trc bi v my tnh dungcho gii tr i hi RAM v cng

my tnh phi tng i ln; trong RAM ti thiu t 512MB tr ln,

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cng ti thiu t 80GB tr ln.con chip thng phi t 2,8GHz tr ln(hinnay thng dng chip intel.

- Ngoi ra, my tnh c th t ng ha cc dao dch, lm thay cng vic ca rtnhiu ngi trong thi gian rt ngn.

- My tnh gip con ngi tnh tan, qun l, lu tr v nhng cng vic khc- My tnh gip con ngi tnh tan, qun l, lu tr v nhng cng vic khcm con ngi kh c th thc hin c. Nh chng ta thy mun lu tr thngm con ngi kh c th thc hin c. Nh chng ta thy mun lu tr thng tin c nhn ca tt c mt nc m phi dung s sch th tht l phc tp nhngtin c nhn ca tt c mt nc m phi dung s sch th tht l phc tp nhngi vi my tnh th qu l n gin hn rt nhiu.i vi my tnh th qu l n gin hn rt nhiu.

- My tnh c th x l thng tin nhanh m khng c li. v d: my tnh c th- My tnh c th x l thng tin nhanh m khng c li. v d: my tnh c th thc hin hng triu php tnh ton trong vng mt vi giy.thc hin hng triu php tnh ton trong vng mt vi giy.- Ngy nay,Ngy nay, vi k thut tin tin my tnh cn c s dng khm ph vvi k thut tin tin my tnh cn c s dng khm ph v

tr bao la.tr bao la.

6, Tm quan trng ca computers

- My tnh rt quan trng i vi i sng con ngi, n c ng dng trong hu ht- My tnh rt quan trng i vi i sng con ngi, n c ng dng trong hu ht cc ngnh kinh t cng nh gio dc ca cuc sng nh:cc ngnh kinh t cng nh gio dc ca cuc sng nh:++ trong cng nghiptrong cng nghip: s dng my tnh iu khin cc thit b my mc khc. : s dng my tnh iu khin cc thit b my mc khc.

lu tr d liu,th d trong mt nh my thy in chng ta mun qun l, iulu tr d liu,th d trong mt nh my thy in chng ta mun qun l, iu khin cc thit b my pht khc nhau, mun cho chng chy theo mt trng trnhkhin cc thit b my pht khc nhau, mun cho chng chy theo mt trng trnh

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m con ngi t sn th cng phi nh ti my tnh.chng ta khng th thc hinm con ngi t sn th cng phi nh ti my tnh.chng ta khng th thc hinc.c.++ trong cng ngh thng tintrong cng ngh thng tin: s dng my tnh lp trinh cc phn mm phc v: s dng my tnh lp trinh cc phn mm phc vcho my tnh lm vic cho con ngi. to vn bn hay lp trnh nhng phn mmcho my tnh lm vic cho con ngi. to vn bn hay lp trnh nhng phn mmtin ch, in n chng ta cng phi s dng my tnh.tin ch, in n chng ta cng phi s dng my tnh.++ trong gio dctrong gio dc: dng ging dy,thc hnh, qun l hc sinh,v d: gio vin: dng ging dy,thc hnh, qun l hc sinh,v d: gio vinch vic s dng my tnh, my chiu ging dy nhng gio n c trc m khngch vic s dng my tnh, my chiu ging dy nhng gio n c trc m khng cn bng.cn bng.++ trong gii trtrong gii tr: chng ta c th chi game,cht, gi mail,gi in thoinhng lc: chng ta c th chi game,cht, gi mail,gi in thoinhng lc

lm vic b u chng ta mun gii tr nh chi bng, xem phim, nhng khnglm vic b u chng ta mun gii tr nh chi bng, xem phim, nhng khng tm c a im. Nhng lc y my tnh chnh l mt cng c gii tr thttm c a im. Nhng lc y my tnh chnh l mt cng c gii tr thttuyt.chng ta c th ni chuyn online vi bn b,.tuyt.chng ta c th ni chuyn online vi bn b,.- Nh chng ta thy nhng nc c nn kinh t pht trin nh: Anh, php, m. Ngoi- Nh chng ta thy nhng nc c nn kinh t pht trin nh: Anh, php, m. Ngoi cc nghnh kinh t khc h cng pht trin ngnh cng ngh thng tin rt c hiucc nghnh kinh t khc h cng pht trin ngnh cng ngh thng tin rt c hiu qu,n gip tng trng kinh t rt nhanh in hnh l Trung quc, Nht bn,qu,n gip tng trng kinh t rt nhanh in hnh l Trung quc, Nht bn,7, Tc hi ca computersTc hi ca computers- Trong cuc sng cng nghip hin i ngy nay, my vi tnh tr thnh mt phngtin khoa hc k thut khng th thiu. Nh n, rt nhiu cng vic c x l mtcch nhanh chng. Lm vic vi mn hnh vi tnh tr nn ph bin hu ht cc cquan, vn phng, nhiu ngnh nh Bu in, Ngn hng, Hng khngTh nhng,trong ci tin li bao gi cng i km vi nhng bt cp v c hi. My vi tnh em snhanh nhy, tin khn trng hn trong cng vic ca bn, song li chnh lnguyn nhn gy nn rt nhiu s gim st sc khe ca ngi s dng.- My tnh gy nn s ri lon th gic. y khng phi l nhng cn bnh mt thng

thng m l s mt mi ca c km theo cm gic kh chu mt v s ri lon thgic. Nguyn nhn gy tc hi chnh l bc x in t. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta chng minh cc bc x t mn hnh ca my tnh (tia X, tia lung ngoi, tngoi ...v in t). hn ch iu ny chng ta nn ngi xa mn hnh 60-70cm ltt nht, khng nn s dng my tnh qu di.- Trong cu to my vi tnh, c mt s yu t gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi. l bc x ion ho gy non, sy thai, ri lon v da v c nhn mt; ting ngy ri lon sinh l v tm lNgoi ra ngi nu trn my tnh s to s mt mi,li lao ng, tiu tn lng vitamin A ca c th.khng nn my tnh trong phngng v theo phn tch ca cc nh khoa hc my tnh s tc ng ti gic ng ca

chng ta.- my tnh cng lm cho tnh cm con ngi tr nn my mc hn,xa lnh nhau hn.- Chng ta c th khc phc nhng tc hi ca my tnh bng cch:

+ Bn cn c mt iu kin lm vic tt, ch ngi lm vic hc tp nn ly nhsng trc tip t thin nhin, thong mt v thng gi tt, tt nht l thng gixuyn phng, nn trng thm cy xanh xung quanh phng lm vic, dng mnLCD hi mc nhng gi so vi trc l r nhiu ri.+ Bn khng nn s dng my vi tnh qu lu (qu 2 ting). Nu bt buc phis dng trong mt thi gian di th sau mi ting bn nn dnh cho i mt camnh 10 pht ngh ngi, th gin. Nhm mt li hoc phng tm mt ra tht

xa, phn no s gip mt bn ht cc chng nhc mi.

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+ B sung nhiu hn cc loi thc phm cung cp vitamin trong thc n camnh. Cc loi rau, c qu c cha nhiu vitamin nh c rt, c chua, to; qul, i chn, cam cha nhiu vitamin C c bit l qu l nh!+ Lp ra mt lch lm vic hp l hn cho mnh, khng thc qu khuya 12- 2 hm l lc ng su nht ca c th vy ln i ng sm trc 12h l 15 v dyqu mun dy sm hn 7 h l tt nht, nu mun khe th dy tm 5h30 6h itp mn th thao tt nht cho tim mch l chy hoc mn khc, chy dnht.

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Multimedia Developed by Bi Hng Tn

III, Multimedia

1, Khi nim:a phng tin l thut ng xut pht t t multimedia trong ting Anh. Khi

nim a phng tin xut hin t khong gia th k XX. Cho n nay, khi nimny dn tr nn ph bin ch nhiu loi sn phm, phn mm khc nhau trnmy vi tnh v mng Internet. a phng tin gip ci thin cuc sng ca chng tatin b, vn minh, hin i hn.

2, Tc dng ca a phng tin:Media c mc ch l pht, truyn thng tin, khng i hi bng cch nghe v nhn.

V d nh mt t giy in ch ni cho ngi m, ngi m mun bit ngha trong tgiy i hi ngi cn c k nng s, cm nhn mt cc tt nht. Mt tm cartpostale c nhc v mi hng, i hi cng lc 3 thao tc nghe, nhn v ngi. Quanhng v d trn chng ta c th bit n mt s truyn thng a phng tin.

Ngn ng multimedia hay cn c gi l a phng tin hin nay c s dngv l mc tiu phn u ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii i theo xu hng tin bny.a phng tin c p dng nhiu trong cuc sng ca chng ta. T thng tintruyn thng , m thut , in t, cng ngh , Phn ln a phng tin n suvo tr c cu chng ta xm nhp li sinh hot ca chng ta, chng gip chng ta tnhiu trong s hot ng nh hc hnh, vui chi gii tr, cng vic, . Ngy nay a

phng tin gip ch cho chng ta thu nhp thng tin, tm kim, nm bt mi vn c nhanh hn, phc v cho nhu cu cn bit em li li ch cho quc gia nichung cho c nhn ni ring.

a phng tin vn cn mt s hn ch nhc im cn c khc phc v cithin nhiu hn. Nc ta ang dn tr thnh mt nc c nn cng nghip tin tin,vic u t cho cc hot ng lin quan n cc lnh vc cng ngh, thng mi, dchv cn c ch trng hn na.

3, ng dng ca a phng tin trong cuc sng:

3.1, Lu tr d liuChng ta s xem mt vi v d d hnh dung c khi lng bit hay b nh i

hi ca tng loi thng tin. H thng o lng thng tin c qui c nh sau: Byte =8 bit Kbyte = 1024 byte Mbyte = 1024 kbyte Gbyte = 1024 Mbyte Vi cc b ch cila tinh, mi k t cn 1 byte biu din. Mi phn t trong ma trn im biu dingraphics hay image (gi l pixel) cn 6 bit din t mu hoc sc nu nh tpmu hoc sc ny c 64 gi tr phn bit. V nh vy vi 1 byte (8 bit) c th biudin c mt kh nng trong 4 palete 64 mu, 2 byte (16 bit) cho 256 mu, 2,5 byte(24 bit) cho gn 16 triu mu. 16 bit c th biu din c m thanh stereo tn s44,1KHz. Do chng ta c th c thuyt phc rng s ra i v gn b ca cc h

multimdeia s ha vi cc h thng my tnh l tt yu. Cc thnh tu c nhng ll dn chng s bng n trong tng lai ca cc h multimedia s, chng ta s xc

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nh nhng ch tiu k thut m cc h thng ny i hi, sau lt qua nhngthnh tu t c v mt phn cng, gii thut v nh chun. Text, graphics,image, video, v audio sau khi c s ha s cn c lu tr v x l. Vn utin l ch lu tr, sau l thi gian cn thit a d liu t cc n v nhp nn v x l v n v xut. V vic x l, i vi loi thng tin graphics, c nhng

php m hnh, tin hnh, to hnh (rendering), to hot nh; i vi image v audio,c nhng php lm nt (enhance),... Tuy y l nhng php ton phc tp nhng c gii quyt kh hon chnh v mt gii thut v lp trnh. Vn hiu nng chyu quay v hai im trn.

Gii quyt bi ton v lu tr l gii quyt vn nn (compression) v gii nn dliu (decompression). Vic lu chuyn d liu t mt n v k tin (a t, bng t,a quay...) ph thuc v tc nh v, tc truy cp v lng chuyn ti.

Cht lng nh hin th trn mn hnh ph thuc vo kh nng biu din mu, bnh RAM dnh cho mn hnh, khong cch gia cc pixel (dot pitch), tc qut vs dng qut trong qu trnh to lu nh.

V phn cng, ly IBM lm chun, n nay c nhng h thng vi b x l hotng tc 25-33MHz (rt ph bin) v ln n 50-60MHz; b nh RAM t 1Mbn 1Gb; tc chuyn ti trn tuyn d liu t 10-80Mb/s; a trong dung lng t80Mb (ph bin) n 2,4Gb, tc nh v 20-9,8ms, tc truy xut 9-5,6ms, tc truyn d liu 1,5-10Mb/s.

Mn hnh my tnh vi s pixel c th n 1280 x 1024 vi kh nng th hin 256mu trong 16,7 triu mu c th.

Hai thit b khc c chun b cho multimedia, ngha l a kh nng video vaudio vo cc h thng my tnh l videodisc v CD-ROM cng c nhng thnh qu

ng k.Hin nay mi mt a video c th cha khong 30 pht hin th nh vi tc 30nh (frame/s) ng thi vi 30 pht m thanh stereo; thi gian nh v, truy xut cngchp nhn c cho cc h thng p dng kiu tng tc. K ngh videodisc phttrin song song vi mt k thut gi l DVI ( Digital Video Interactive ) nhm thchin compression/ decompresion theo thi gian thc i vi cc nh video. Mt thutgii mang tn RTV (Real Time Video) t c mc nn t l 160:1 - mt nh720Kb c nn cn 5Kb. Mt card DVI ca Intel mang tn ACTION Media 11, iukhin bi phn mm AVSS.2.2 trong mi trng DOS v AVK trong mi trngWindows c bn cng vi hng lot cng c phn mm trin khai p dng khc.

CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) pht trin t CD-DA (CompactDisk Digital Audio) c dung lng khong 650Mb, vi mt nguyn tc t chc dliu nh a v c kh nng mang cc thng tin text, m thanh, ting ni, nh tnh vnh ng. Tc truyn ti d liu ca CD-ROM hin nay vo khong 150Kb/s.

V cc phng php nn d liu, c hai hng chnh c pht trin, hng boton d liu (Lossless, ting Php gi l Compactage), v hng chp nhn mt smt mt thng tin c mc (Lossy, ting Php gi l compression).

i vi bi ton lu tr thng tin loi image, video, audio, hng tip cn th haic tp trung eo ui hn. Nhiu thut ton c ngh v c nhng thut ton t c mt kt qu khng ng, nh thut ton c p dng cho cc nh loi fractal

(nh c th c m t, bng mt tp hp nhng qui lut) c t l nn n 1000:1. Tuynhin hiu nng ca thut ton ngc, decompression, vn phi c xem xt song

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song. M ha JPEG ca Joint Photographise Experts Group p dng cho loi nh tnh,v MPEG ca moving Picture Experts Group p dng cho nh ng v m thanh ikm c xem l chun.

3.2, Mng v mng vin thng:

Trong lnh vc vin thng v mng, c hai tin b lin quan trc tip n spht trin ca cc h multimedia s. l kh nng truyn d liu ca cpquang 100Bmps vi gi thnh h hn nhiu ln vo nhng nm trc y. iuny s tin n nhiu mng b (LAN) v mng tm rng (WAN) s s dng cpquang; v s m rng cc ng truyn d liu dng s trn mng vin thng.Mt v d in hnh, FRANCE Tlcom m nhng dch v RNIS (Rseau

Numerique Integration de Services) nh TRANSDYN - cho php cc x

nghip c th trao i trc tip khi cn, cc thng tin di dng d liu,graphics, nh s ha, text, hoc ting ni; TRANSFIX cho thu di hn ccng truyn d liu dng s ni hai im, theo hai chiu vi tc truyn trnng dy t 2400 bit/s n 48Kbit/s

3.3, Cc phng tin gii tr:

Bc vo th k XXI, i cng vi thi gian cc phngtin gii tr ngy cng v ang pht trin hn na. Ccthit b phc v cho vic gii tr ngy cang a dng hn

tinh vi hnV d nh in thoi di ng c h tr thm nhiu tnhnng mi nh xem tivi, chi game, lt web, nghe nhc htr nh v v tinh tm ng, xem bn . Cc thit bnh tivi, laptop, PC, ng h cng c tch hp thm nhiucc tnh nng tinh vi hn.

3.4, Th TrngNgi ta c lng rng t 1994 n 2000, s bn cc cht bn dn dng

cho vic sn xut cc thit b multimedia s tng 42%. V Intel tin on vchic "micro 2000" nh sau: Vi 100 triu transistor trn mt din tch 6,45cm2 c kh nng thc hin 2 t ch th trong mi giy bi mt b vi x l tn s250 MHz v m bo tng thch vi CD4386 ang c dng nhiu hm nay.Cc h my Next, Rise 6000 hin nay t c nhng tiu chun lm ccserver multimedia. Gi thnh phn cng ngy cng h, k thut ngy cng cao,cng vi nhng ci tin ng k trong cc vn v nn truyn d liu, thc

y s pht trin cc phn mm v cc p dng multimedia ngy cng nhiu v

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cng nhanh. Ni rng s c s bng n ca cc h thng multimedia s thc lkhngqu ng.

4, Kt Lun

Th gii ang bc vo k nguyn ca cng ngh ca a phng tin, do ngy cng nhiu thnh tu ln v khoa hc, i sng ang v c phtminh mt cch tinh vi hn. Mt k nguyn mi ang m ra trc mt chng tavi a phng tin.

IV, Tng KtTrong nhng nm gn y, cc thnh tu ca khoa hc, c bit l cng ngh thngtin (CNTT) ang dn dn tr thnh cng c hu ch i vi tt c cc lnh vc trong

x hi, CNTT lm thay i kh ln n hnh thc, ni dung cc hot ng kinh t,vn ho v i sng x hi loi ngi. ng dng ca CNTT ngy cng tr nn adng v phong ph. Do vy ngha v tm quan trng ca CNTT li cng tr nn bcthit hn bao gi ht.

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