By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY

Timeline for ReligionsTimeline for Religions

Major Religions of the WorldMajor Religions of the WorldRanked by Number of AdherentsRanked by Number of Adherents

1.1. ChristianityChristianity: 2 billion: 2 billion2.2. IslamIslam: 1.3 billion: 1.3 billion3.3. HinduismHinduism: 900 million: 900 million4.4. Secular/Nonreligious/AgnosticSecular/Nonreligious/Agnostic

/Atheist/Atheist: 850 million: 850 million

5.5. BuddhismBuddhism: 360 million: 360 million6.6. Chinese traditional religionChinese traditional religion: :

225 million225 million7.7. African Traditional & African Traditional &

DiasporicDiasporic: 95 million: 95 million8.8. SikhismSikhism: 23 million: 23 million9.9. JudaismJudaism: 14 million: 14 million10.10. JainismJainism: 4 million: 4 million11.11. ShintoShinto: 4 million: 4 million

Buddhism

Hinduism

Islam

Christianity

The spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CEThe spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CE

Dar al-Islam Dar al-Islam The Expansion of Islam The Expansion of Islam

The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad DynastyThe Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.

Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book

Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

The Prophetic Tradition

The Prophetic Tradition

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

The Origins of the Qur’an

The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first

revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

God’s revelations through Muhammad were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.

114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.

1. The Shahada1. The Shahada

11

The testimony.

The declaration of faith:There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

2. The Salat2. The Salat

22

The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

2. The Salat2. The Salat

22

The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.

Pray in the mosque on Friday.

3. The Zakat3. The Zakat

33

Almsgiving (charitable donations).

Muslims believe that all things belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.

4. The Sawm4. The Sawm

44

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

Considered a method of self- purification.

No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

Eid MubarakEid Mubarak

End of the Ramadan holiday.

5. The Hajj5. The Hajj

55

The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime, if health and finances allow.

2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

5. The Hajj5. The Hajj

55

Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

The Dar al-Islam

The Dar al-Islam

11 22 33 44 55

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Up to four wives allowed at once.

No alcohol or pork.

No gambling.

Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and

convert so many to the new religion?

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

REVIEW FOR MCQREVIEW FOR MCQ

Role of ReligionRole of Religion• SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point

(like language) (like language) • CULTURECULTURE

– transmitters and identifierstransmitters and identifiers– Varies from dominating to unimportantVaries from dominating to unimportant– can influence the spread of languages to new can influence the spread of languages to new

peoples and areas (Arabic, Latin) peoples and areas (Arabic, Latin) • VALUE SYSTEM: VALUE SYSTEM:

– that unites and differentiates that unites and differentiates – obedience to doctrineobedience to doctrine

• RITUALS” when involving RITUALS” when involving – worship and faith in the sacred and divine worship and faith in the sacred and divine – prescribed patterns of behavior; prayer, special prescribed patterns of behavior; prayer, special

ritesrites

How it spreadsHow it spreads• PilgrimsPilgrims• Trade routesTrade routes• Geographic conduits/crossroads/ Geographic conduits/crossroads/

obstaclesobstacles• Conversion or forced acceptanceConversion or forced acceptance

– Exclusive or dual acceptanceExclusive or dual acceptance• Proselytizing –trying to convert Proselytizing –trying to convert

someone to a religionsomeone to a religion• Mission (latin root is to send off) Mission (latin root is to send off)

– duty to conduct such as Hajj– duty to conduct such as Hajj• DiasporaDiaspora

ComparisonsComparisons

ComparisonsComparisons