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welding qualificationaccording to ISO 5817level B

(cooling channel welds)

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distortion is notspecified in norm,

stray arc and small cavitydo not fulfil the norm.

Part 1(left),

welder 1

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Part 1(left),

welder 1I

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Part 1(right),

welder 1I

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Part 1I(left),

welder 1

martensite probably formed because

tube was held in position by aninner pin, when the weld cooleddown, and the material was subjectto plastic deformation,

only a problem for cryogenictemperatures or if magnetism is

critical.

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Part 1I(right),

welder 1

same as for left side,

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Part 1I(left),

welder 1I

does not fulfil the norm,but is not significant.

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Part 1I(right),

welder 1I

does not fulfil the norm,but is not significant.

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Part III (left + right), welder 1:

perfect welds!

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Part III (left + right), welder 1I:

perfect welds!

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Part 1V(left),

welder 1

probably not critical,but could be improved ,

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Part IV (left + right), welder 1I:

perfect welds!

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Welder 1I:

Part 1:Excessive distortion

+ stray arc + shrinkage cavity

could be observed

Part 2:

Full penetration oninner tube, root oxidation

could be observed.

Part 3:Penetration between

2.1 mm and 2.4 mm

Part 4:Penetration between2.9 mm and 3.1 mm

Welder 1:

Part 1:Excessive distortion

+ stray arc + shrinkage cavity

could be observed.

Part 2:No weldimperfection could be

observed, probable presence

of martensite.

Part 3:Penetration between

1.8 mm and 2.2 mm.

Part 4:Penetration of 2.6

mm, root oxidation + lack of

fusion could be observed.

Summary

Root oxidation (backfilling with

protective gas?) and lack of

fusion are not permitted

according to level B of ISO 5817