ispod district report - haywood 11apr10

17
HAYWOOD COUNTY REPORT The North Carolina Alliance for Athletics, Health, Physical Education, Recreation,and Dance (NCAAHPERD), launched In-school Prevention of Obesity andDisease (IsPOD) in 2007. The initiative began with a grant from the NC Healthand Wellness Trust Fund and was expanded with grants from the Blue CrossBlue Shield of North Carolina Foundation. The expansion to a state-wide programis supported by a $3.6 million grant from the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust.NCAAHPERD is engaged with a large network of health and physical educationgroups seeking greater opportunities for a healthier and more creative NorthCarolina. IsPOD Data Report Fall 2010

DESCRIPTION

IsPOD Data Report Fall 2010 % Needy ID School Name Grades 3-5 Grades 1-2 SPARK Trained? Using FG? 2010- 2011 ADM FG Response Rates # Staff Trained 2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH All rights reserved. a. Average Daily Membership (ADM) for first month of the 2010-2011 school year.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

HAYWOOD COUNTY

REPORT

The North Carolina Alliance for Athletics, Health, Physical Education, Recreation,and Dance (NCAAHPERD), launched In-school Prevention of Obesity

andDisease (IsPOD) in 2007. The initiative began with a grant from the NC Healthand Wellness Trust Fund and was expanded with grants from the Blue

CrossBlue Shield of North Carolina Foundation. The expansion to a state-wide programis supported by a $3.6 million grant from the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable

Trust.NCAAHPERD is engaged with a large network of health and physical educationgroups seeking greater opportunities for a healthier and more creative

NorthCarolina.

IsPOD Data

Report

Fall 2010

Page 2: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation

Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH All rights reserved.

Haywood County

SPARK Training

Staff from Haywood County began receiving SPARK training in the 2008-09

school year with the KBR Grant. Haywood County has 12 active K-8 public

schools in 2010-2011. Of these 12 schools, 11 schools (or 92%) have received

SPARK training. At these schools, a total of 18 PE teachers and 0 coordinators

have been trained in SPARK. Table 1 shows the Haywood County K-8 schools

that have received SPARKTM training and the number of staff trained.

FitnessGramTM Response Rates are also given for each of the K-8 schools.

Table 1

Haywood County K-8 Schools

Schools with SPARKTM Training and FitnessGramTM Response Rates

a. Average Daily Membership (ADM) for first month of the 2010-2011 school year.

ID School Name

DEMOGRAPHICS SPARK FITNESSGRAM

2010-2011 ADM

% Needy

SPARK Trained?

# Staff Trained

Using FG?

FG Response Rates

Grades 1-2

Grades 3-5

Grades 6-8

314 Bethel Elementary 558 54% NO 0 NO 0% 0% NA

318 Bethel Middle 334 52% YES 2 NO NA NA 0%

320 Canton Middle 573 52% YES 4 YES NA NA 88%

324 Central Elementary 262 77% YES 1 NO 0% 0% NA

328 Clyde Elementary 455 61% YES 1 YES 0% 71% NA

332 Riverbend Elementary 227 50% YES 1 YES 0% 86% NA

348 Hazelwood Elementary 490 59% YES 1 YES 0% 103% NA

349 Jonathan Valley Elem 362 66% YES 1 NO 0% 0% NA

350 Junaluska Elementary 363 39% YES 1 YES 0% 99% NA

364 Meadowbrook Elem 318 61% YES 1 NO 0% 0% NA

368 North Canton Elementary 453 68% YES 1 YES 0% 100% NA

396 Waynesville Middle 894 51% YES 4 YES NA NA 60%

Page 3: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

2

Haywood County

FitnessGramTM Response Rates

In fall 2010, 7 of the Haywood County K-8 schools, or 58%, conducted

FitnessGramTM assessments and submitted their data. Table 2 shows the

FitnessGramTM Response Rates by grade for all Haywood County K-8 schools

combined.

Table 2

FitnessGram™ Response Rates

For 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade 2010-2011

Average Daily Membershipa.

FitnessGramTM Response Rate

Number of FitnessGramTM

Student Ids

Percent of ADM

1st 548 0 0%

2nd 575 0 0%

3rd 627 326 52%

4th 578 289 50%

5th 604 337 56%

6th 592 359 61%

7th 623 356 57%

8th 586 325 55%

Grades 1 - 8 4733 1992 42% a. Average Daily Membership (ADM) for first month of the 2010-2011 school year.

Page 4: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

3

Body Mass Index (BMI)

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st 60% 59% 59% 4567 2748 4768 2806 9335 5554

2nd 57% 59% 58% 5228 3003 5176 3030 10404 6033

3rd 55% 55% 55% 14701 8147 15387 8397 30088 16544

4th 54% 53% 53% 15209 8208 15858 8373 31067 16581

5th 51% 49% 50% 14996 7603 15616 7646 30612 15249

6th 50% 49% 50% 7632 3828 7491 3685 15123 7513

7th 52% 50% 51% 7010 3679 7179 3623 14189 7302

8th 55% 53% 54% 7190 3950 7172 3837 14362 7787

Total 54% 53% 53% 76533 41166 78647 41397 155180 82563

60

%

57

%

55

%

54

%

51

%

50

%

52

%

55

%59

%

59

%

55

%

53

%

49

%

49

%

50

% 53

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 5: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

4

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

2nd NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

3rd 54% 53% 53% 157 84 136 72 293 156

4th 56% 51% 53% 121 68 153 78 274 146

5th 49% 46% 48% 146 72 173 80 319 152

6th 52% 49% 50% 164 85 195 96 359 181

7th 47% 50% 49% 178 84 178 89 356 173

8th 54% 50% 52% 153 82 171 86 324 168

Total 52% 50% 51% 919 475 1006 501 1925 976

54

% 56

%

49

%

52

%

47

%

54

%

53

%

51

%

46

% 49

%

50

%

50

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 6: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

5

PACER

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

4th 96% 45% 70% 8911 8523 9343 4217 18254 12740

5th 91% 53% 72% 9378 8564 9541 5015 18919 13579

6th 71% 50% 60% 4434 3153 4670 2332 9104 5485

7th 64% 41% 52% 4124 2648 4554 1870 8678 4518

8th 43% 37% 40% 4282 1841 4867 1791 9149 3632

Total 79% 46% 62% 31129 24729 32975 15225 64104 39954

96

%

91

%

71

%

64

%

43

%

45

%

53

%

50

%

41

%

37

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 7: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

6

PACER

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

4th 100% 47% 73% 66 66 70 33 136 99

5th 94% 36% 62% 68 64 83 30 151 94

6th 88% 66% 75% 82 72 108 71 190 143

7th 75% 59% 67% 92 69 95 56 187 125

8th 73% 60% 65% 64 47 95 57 159 104

Total 85% 55% 69% 372 318 451 247 823 565

10

0%

94

%

88

%

75

%

73

%

47

%

36

%

66

%

59

%

60

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 8: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

7

AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2 MAX)

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

4th 75% 88% 82% 9312 6968 10261 9024 19573 15992

5th 68% 85% 77% 10121 6915 10886 9222 21007 16137

6th 60% 80% 70% 4261 2575 4407 3517 8668 6092

7th 58% 77% 68% 3914 2273 4417 3411 8331 5684

8th 57% 73% 65% 3859 2193 4371 3187 8230 5380

Total 66% 83% 75% 31467 20924 34342 28361 65809 49285

75

%

68

%

60

%

58

%

57

%

88

%

85

%

80

%

77

%

73

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 9: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

8

AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2 MAX)

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

4th 70% 86% 79% 82 57 122 105 204 162

5th 62% 79% 71% 113 70 126 100 239 170

6th 65% 84% 75% 144 93 177 148 321 241

7th 56% 77% 67% 164 92 162 125 326 217

8th 60% 72% 66% 139 83 163 117 302 200

Total 62% 79% 71% 642 395 750 595 1392 990

70

%

62

% 65

%

56

% 60

%

86

%

79

% 84

%

77

%

72

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 10: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

9

CURL-UP

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st 76% 73% 74% 965 734 1006 734 1971 1468

2nd 77% 79% 78% 1502 1160 1477 1169 2979 2329

3rd 79% 80% 80% 15470 12228 16202 12995 31672 25223

4th 78% 80% 79% 15960 12491 16569 13180 32529 25671

5th 75% 78% 77% 15984 12059 16466 12870 32450 24929

6th 79% 84% 82% 8812 6993 8813 7428 17625 14421

7th 79% 86% 82% 8043 6330 8273 7086 16316 13416

8th 81% 85% 83% 8252 6655 8247 6974 16499 13629

Total 78% 81% 80% 74988 58650 77053 62436 152041 121086

76

%

77

%

79

%

78

%

75

% 79

%

79

%

81

%

73

% 79

%

80

%

80

%

78

% 84

%

86

%

85

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 11: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

10

CURL-UP

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

2nd NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

3rd 80% 82% 81% 150 120 131 108 281 228

4th 74% 77% 76% 118 87 153 118 271 205

5th 77% 78% 78% 133 103 158 123 291 226

6th 74% 82% 78% 163 120 194 159 357 279

7th 75% 77% 76% 177 133 177 136 354 269

8th 89% 88% 89% 153 136 171 151 324 287

Total 78% 81% 80% 894 699 984 795 1878 1494

80

%

74

% 77

%

74

%

75

%

89

%

82

%

77

%

78

% 82

%

77

%

88

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 12: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

11

PUSH-UP

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st 49% 60% 55% 913 449 955 570 1868 1019

2nd 56% 68% 62% 1340 748 1323 900 2663 1648

3rd 54% 68% 61% 14668 7913 15411 10458 30079 18371

4th 52% 68% 60% 15070 7821 15638 10696 30708 18517

5th 48% 66% 57% 15294 7278 15815 10395 31109 17673

6th 61% 74% 67% 8225 4984 8137 6021 16362 11005

7th 63% 73% 68% 7610 4783 7780 5704 15390 10487

8th 64% 68% 66% 7581 4814 7631 5192 15212 10006

Total 55% 69% 62% 70701 38790 72690 49936 143391 88726

49

%

56

%

54

%

52

%

48

%

61

%

63

%

64

%

60

%

68

%

68

%

68

%

66

%

74

%

73

%

68

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 13: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

12

PUSH-UP

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

2nd NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

3rd 50% 52% 51% 147 73 130 68 277 141

4th 50% 66% 59% 123 61 143 95 266 156

5th 40% 56% 48% 138 55 152 85 290 140

6th 62% 73% 68% 163 101 195 143 358 244

7th 68% 78% 73% 177 121 177 138 354 259

8th 70% 66% 68% 152 106 170 113 322 219

Total 57% 66% 62% 900 517 967 642 1867 1159

50

%

50

%

40

%

62

%

68

%

70

%

52

%

66

%

56

%

73

% 78

%

66

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 14: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

13

SIT AND REACH

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st 76% 75% 76% 739 565 792 597 1531 1162

2nd 71% 73% 72% 1198 854 1147 834 2345 1688

3rd 65% 65% 65% 13580 8848 14245 9265 27825 18113

4th 64% 61% 62% 14008 8914 14557 8894 28565 17808

5th 63% 61% 62% 14016 8778 14390 8720 28406 17498

6th 58% 60% 59% 7432 4329 7376 4446 14808 8775

7th 62% 58% 60% 6849 4233 6971 4076 13820 8309

8th 66% 61% 63% 6769 4466 6950 4243 13719 8709

Total 63% 62% 63% 64591 40987 66428 41075 131019 82062

76

%

71

%

65

%

64

%

63

%

58

% 62

% 66

%

75

%

73

%

65

%

61

%

61

%

60

%

58

%

61

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 15: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

14

SIT AND REACH

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

2nd NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

3rd 70% 63% 67% 153 107 136 86 289 193

4th 65% 70% 68% 104 68 142 100 246 168

5th 73% 63% 67% 130 95 155 97 285 192

6th 31% 26% 29% 163 51 194 51 357 102

7th 30% 26% 28% 178 54 178 47 356 101

8th 47% 28% 37% 153 72 171 48 324 120

Total 51% 44% 47% 881 447 976 429 1857 876

70

%

65

%

73

%

31

%

30

%

47

%

63

%

70

%

63

%

26

%

26

%

28

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 16: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

15

TRUNK LIFT

North Carolina

Fall 2010 Percent in Health Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 579 NC K-8 Schools in 58 NC Districts

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st 84% 79% 82% 950 799 960 761 1910 1560

2nd 85% 83% 84% 1398 1184 1349 1113 2747 2297

3rd 88% 87% 87% 14810 13027 15557 13474 30367 26501

4th 89% 86% 87% 15237 13546 15857 13572 31094 27118

5th 74% 70% 72% 15609 11565 16015 11169 31624 22734

6th 80% 78% 79% 8282 6608 8178 6411 16460 13019

7th 79% 79% 79% 7715 6111 7764 6111 15479 12222

8th 81% 79% 80% 7663 6232 7805 6187 15468 12419

Total 82% 80% 81% 71664 59072 73485 58798 145149 117870

84

%

85

% 88

%

89

%

74

% 80

%

79

%

81

%

79

% 83

% 87

%

86

%

70

%

78

%

79

%

79

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male

Page 17: IsPOD DISTRICT REPORT - HAYWOOD 11APR10

2011 NC IsPOD Evaluation Conducted by NCAAHPERD/NC DPH

All rights reserved.

16

TRUNK LIFT

Haywood County

Fall 2010 Percent in Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ)

FitnessGram™ Results for 7 K-8 Schools in Haywood County

Grade

Percent in HFZ Counts in HFZ

Female Male All

Female Male All

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

Total FG

TM

Results N in HFZ

1st NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

2nd NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0

3rd 100% 97% 99% 125 125 101 98 226 223

4th 95% 100% 98% 99 94 119 119 218 213

5th 98% 94% 96% 107 105 130 122 237 227

6th 88% 84% 86% 163 144 194 163 357 307

7th 81% 79% 80% 178 145 178 141 356 286

8th 82% 79% 80% 153 125 171 135 324 260

Total 89% 87% 88% 825 738 893 778 1718 1516

10

0%

95

% 98

%

88

%

81

%

82

%

97

% 10

0%

94

%

84

%

79

%

79

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Perc

en

t in

HF

Z

Grade

Female Male