ISSN 1313 - 8820Volume 7, Number 2

June 2015

2015

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Editors and Sections

Genetics and Breeding

Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria)Nikolay Tsenov (Bulgaria)Max Rothschild (USA)Ihsan Soysal (Turkey)Horia Grosu (Romania)Bojin Bojinov (Bulgaria)Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria)

Nutrition and Physiology

Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria)Peter Surai (UK)Zervas Georgios (Greece)Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria)

Production Systems

Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria)Bogdan Szostak (Poland)Dimitar Panaiotov (Bulgaria)Banko Banev (Bulgaria)Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria)

Agriculture and Environment

Georgi Petkov (Bulgaria)Ramesh Kanwar (USA)Martin Banov (Bulgaria)

Product Quality and Safety

Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria)Stefan Denev (Bulgaria)Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria)

English Editor

Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria)

2015

ISSN 1313 - 8820 Volume 7, Number 2June 2015

New data a out r c s r Gay on the territory of Sinite Ka ani Natural Park, ulgaria

2 2 2 3 3 3N. Grozeva*, M. Todorova , M. Gerdzhikova , G. Panayotova , N. Getova , D. Dohchev , K. Tsutsov

1Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara agora, Bulgaria2Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara agora, Bulgaria3Sinite Kamani Natural Park, Sliven, Bulgaria

Abstract. e aim of t e stud is to esta lis t e current distri ution оf Crocus olivieri in inite amani atural Par to assess t e state of its o ulations and to define its requirements to soil fertilit . leven o ulations of t e s ecies ere re istered ten ne for its territor . t as een esta lis ed t at t e s ecies forms

o ulations in rass communities dominated esleria latifolia and estuca valesiaca on o en areas and on t e outs irts of deciduous forests and us es at an altitude from to m on acid and neutral soils ell stoc ed it or anic car on and assimila le forms of otassium and less stoc ed it mineral nitro en and assimila le form of os orus. ts o ulations num er from to s ecimens at an area from to m . ain t reats for t e o ulations of t e s ecies in t e atural Par are ant ro o enic im act indered seed ro a ation on oin erosion rocesses enetration of Pteridium aquilinum. e status of all o ulations is relativel ood ut for t eir reservation in situ measures must e a lied includin clearin t e dead forest and rass mass reseedin in a ro riate areas it re collected mature seeds transferrin of vulnera le lants to etter rotected areas of t e o ulations mec anical control to revent t e enetration of Pteridium aquilinum.

Keywords: Sinite Kamani Natural Park, Crocus olivieri, distribution

AGRI ULTURAL S IEN E AND TE NOLOG , VOL. 7, No 2, pp , 2015264 - 268

Introduction (Assyov and Petrova, 2012). For the flora of Sinite kamani Natural park the species is reported by Andreev (1981). erbarium materials have not been deposited at the Bulgarian scientific herbaria (SOM, Sinite Kamani Natural Park is situated on the southern slopes of SO, SOA). Grozeva et al. (2004) registered one locality of C. olivieri the Eastern Balkan Range and covers an area of 11308.8 hectares. in the park to the south-west of Dimka area. In the past 10 years data The combination of varied climatic influences, the relatively great about the distribution of the species on the territory of the park have displacement in altitude, the extremely rough terrain, the variety of not been published. rocks and soils, the long geological history and dynamic historical

The aim of this study was to establish the current distribution оf past and present of Sliven region have determined the great C. olivieri in Sinite Kamani Natural Park, to assess the state of its biodiversity on its territory. Until now over 1060 vascular plants have populations and to define its requirements to soil fertility. The study is been established for the park (Grozeva et al., 2004 Georgieva and part of the project Restoration of habitats and protection of Petrova, 2009 Petrova et al., 2009, 2011 Tashev et al., 2010 biodiversity in Sinite Kamani Natural Park . Tashev, 2011) among which 32 endemics, 2 tertiary relics and 42

protected species. The object of the present study was Crocus olivieri J. Gay

(Figure 1) – a species protected by the Biodiversity Act (2002). It is Material and ethodsreported for the Black Sea oast, Balkan Range (Eastern), Mt Sredna Gora ( estern), nepole region, Mt Belasitza, Mt Slavianka, The study was conducted during the vegetation period of 2013 The Struma Valley (Northern), Rhodopi Mts, the Tundja illy Plain and 2014. To establish the distribution of the species the routing

method was applied. The hiking routes in the park were mainly used, with more or less deviations in order to cover as much as possible the habitats characteristic for each species. Studies were carried out mainly along the following routes:

· Karandila area – Kushbunar area – Peschenik peak – Enyova bulka area – Kaloyanovi kuli area – Mollova kuria area

· Karandila area – hukata area – Enyova bulka area – TV Tower – Karandila otel complex

· Mollova kuria area – Upper lift station – Karandila area· Town of Sliven – Plachi dol area – Barmuka peak – Ablanovo

area· Ablanovo area – Bobenishteto area – Asenovets Dam· Kushbunar – Karandila area – TV Tower – Maryova skala

area· Ablanovo area – Dalgia rid area· Ablanovo area – Plochite area – Ovcharnitsite area –

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* e-mail: grozeva uni-sz.bg

Figure 1. Crocus olivieri – population in Karandila area(photo Nadia Getova)

Figure 2. Distribution of Crocus olivieri in Sinite Kamani Natural Park.

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Karakyutyuk area – Kostova cheshma area – Balgarka peak – Daula esults and discussionarea

· Town of Sliven – Slancheva polyana area – Karandila area – istri ution of C. olivieri on t e territor of inite amani atural Microdam Par

· Mollova kuria area – Gornaka area – Karandila area – Mecha As a result of terrain studies 10 new populations of C. olivieri polyana area were established on the park territory (Figure 2) in Karandilskata

polyana area, Karandila area, Aba Pazar area, after Enyova bulka · Town of Sliven – Gagovets areaarea, to the left of the first exit, 7 km after the exit to Karandila area, to · Town of Sliven – Novoselska River – Kuru Dere areathe west of Karandilska river, in Ovcharnika area, in Ravna reka · Ayazmoto area – Malka poyana area – Aremiyata areaarea, in Kiroolou area and under Barmuka peak.· Sliven – junction to the village of Sotirya – Andreeva

The population of Karandilskata polyana area is located on an cheshma – issarlakaopen meadow adjacent to rocks. The grass community is dominated · Karandila area – hukata area – Malkata chuka – Tunkata by esleria latifolia (Adam.) Degen. The terrain has slope of 8°–11°, rutlina – Lokvata.slightly eroded, facing south-east and an altitude of 952 – 955 m. The A Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the basic rock is quartz porphyry, the soil type – Mountain brown forest coordinates of the sampling points. The habitats of the species are

2soil, ambisols ( RBSR, 2006). The area of the population is 95 m , presented on the map of Sinite Kamani Natural Park in scale 1:100 and its number – 37 flowering specimens. Its geographical 000. The registered populations of Crocus olivieri were visited during coordinates in the central part are N 42° 42.903 , E 26° 22.514 . Soil phonological stages reaching normal size of the leaves, beginning of moisture during flowering and fruiting is moderate. Invasive and flowering, flowering, fruit formation, fruiting and dropping of mature competing plant species have not been established. Adjacent to the seeds. To assess the status of each population Methodology for population is a scarce population of the Bulgarian endemic uli a monitoring vascular plants in Bulgaria was used. The voucher urumoffii ayek. Karandilska polyana is a place frequently visited by specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Institute for hikers and a major threat to the population is anthropogenic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of influence. Difficulties for seedling regeneration of the species are Sciences (SOM).created by the abundant dead grass mass.Soil samples (n 20) from of 0 – 20 cm layer were collected

The population of Karandila area is located on an open meadow from every studied area. The samples were air-dried, and plant on the edge of a forest consisting of a us s lvatica L. ssp. residues and stones were removed, after which the samples were moesiaca (K. Maly) jelmquist and Pinus silvestris L. The grass crushed and sieved with a 2 mm sieve. All samples were analyzed

+ - community is dominated by cereal species. The slope of the terrain for p with 1:2,5 soil, water ratio, mineral nitrogen (N -N + NO - N) 4 3is up to 12°, slightly eroded, dry, facing south-east and with an

content using spectrophotometer JEN A 6705 UV/VIS, available altitude of 996 – 999 m. The basic rock is quartz porphyry, the soil

potassium and available phosphorus by the Egner-Riem content. type – Mountain brown forest soil, ambisols. The area of the

The concentration of available potassium was determined by AAS 2population is 199 m , and its number – 63 flowering specimens. Its using AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, Perkin Elmer. geographical coordinates in the central part are N 42° 43.093 , E 26° The organic carbon content by spectrophotometer Infra Alyzer 450 22.014 . Invasive and competing plant species have not been (Todorova et al., 2009). Descriptive statistics was carried out by established. Regardless of the proved ornamental value of the Unscrambler 10.2 ( AMO Software AS, Norway).

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species, as well as the close proximity of the population to the road – tramping, picking bunches, uprooting, pasture. A possible threat is Sliven – Karandila, because of its early flowering, anthropogenic also the failure of the greater part of seeds to reach the soil because pressure was not found during the study period. That does not of the abundant grass cover. During the studies enhanced exclude a probability for collecting bunches, eradicating entire plants anthropogenic pressure was not registered.and tramping before reaching total maturity of the seeds. Difficulties The population of Ovcharnika area is located on the outskirts of for seedling regeneration of the species are created by the abundant a mixed forest consisting of sycamore, pine, Fraxinus ornus L., grass mass and dead forest mat. Quercus petraea Matis. The grass stage is dominated by Crocus

The population in Aba Pazar area is located on an open grass flavus. The terrain has slope up to 32°, highly eroded, facing south space along the road Ablanovo – Bulgarka peak. The grass and an altitude of 855 m. The basic rock is calcareous marl, the soil community is dominated by Anthoxantum odoratum L. The terrain type – Mountain brown forest soil, Cambisols. The population area is

2has slope up to 9°, slightly eroded, facing south and an altitude of 1200 m and its number – 67 flowering specimens. Its geographical 849 – 851 m. The basic rock is quartz porphyry, the soil type – coordinates in the central part are N 42° 44.132´, E 26° 17.538´. Mountain brown forest soil, Cambisols. The area of the population is Invasive plant species have not been found. A competing species for

2402 m , and its number – 70 flowering specimens. The soil moisture the specimens in the population is the adjacent population of during flowering and fruiting is moderate. Its geographical Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Since the population is crossed by a coordinates in the central part are N 42° 44.122´, E 26° 17.440´. trail from Ovcharnika area to Morni dol area, used by woodcutters Invasive and competing plant species have not been found. The and more rarely by hikers, a main threat for the specimens is population is distant from the hikers' stream and anthropogenic anthropogenic impact - tramping, uprooting, picking bunches. A impact at the time of studies has not been registered. The abundant serious threat is the numerous population of Pteridium aquilinum. dead grass mass during fruiting hinders seed reproduction. During studies traces of passing people and horses were registered.

The population after Enyova bulka area is located on the The abundant dead grass mass creates difficulties for the seed outskirts of a mixed forest consisting of Quercus cerris L., Carpinus reproduction of the species.betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L. The grass stage is dominated by The population of Ravna reka area is located in a bushy Sesleria latifolia (Adam.) Degen. The terrain has a slope up to 26°, community of Fraxinus ornus, Juniperus communis L., Rosa caninа, highly eroded, dry, facing southeast and an altitude of 461 m. The Prunus cerasifera Еhrh. The grass stage is dominated by Galanthus basic rock is conglomerate and limestone, the soil type – Leached elwesii Hook.f. The terrain has a slope up to 18°, non-eroded, facing

2 south and an altitude of 979 m. The basic rock is sandstone, the soil cinnamon forest soil, Luvisols. The population area is 107 m , its type – Mountain brown forest soil, Cambisols. The population area is number – 65 flowering species. Its geographical coordinates in the

2central part are N 42° 42.912´, E 26° 24.198´. Invasive and 180 m , and the number – 68 flowering specimens. Its geographical competing plant species have not been found. Adjacent to it is the coordinates in the central part are N 42° 43.428´, E 26° 21.393´. population of Cyclamen coum Mill. Main threats for the population Invasive plant species have not been found. The abundant dead are anthropogenic impact – picking bunches, tramping, uprooting grass covering creates difficulties for the seed reproduction of the entire plants and erosion processes. The abundant dead forest species. A competing species for the specimens in the population is bedding creates some difficulties for the seed reproduction. the numerous population of Pteridium aquilinum located in close

The population at 7 km from the junction to Karandila is located proximity to its northern and southern part. Since the population is on the outskirts of a bushy community of Rosa canina L., Rubus crossed by a hikers' trail from Slancheva polyana to Golyama hirtus Walds. et Kit. and single trees Quercus cerris L. The terrain Chatalka, another serious threat is the anthropogenic impact – has slope up to 27°, highly eroded, facing south and an altitude of tramping, uprooting, picking bunches. 1015-1018 m. The basic rock is quartz porphyry, the soil type – The population of Kiroolou area is located on an open meadow Mountain brown forest soil, Cambisols. The population area is 103.5 in a bushy community of Carpinus orientalis and Quercus

2 pubescens. The grass stage is dominated by Crocus biflorus Mill. m , and the number – 33 flowering specimens. Its geographical and Crocus flavus Haw. The terrain has a slope up to 20°, slightly coordinates in the central part are N 42° 44.402´, E 26° 22.590´. eroded, facing west and an altitude of 492 m. The basic rock is Invasive and competing plant species have not been found. sandstone, the soil type – Cinnamon forest soil, Luvisols. The Anthropogenic impact has been registered – flower collection,

2tramping. The population is located on a sloped terrain in close population area is 62 m , and its number – 17 flowering specimens. proximity to the road Sliven – Karandila and during flowering the Its geographical coordinates in the central part are N 42° 42.722´, E plants are rather vulnerable, since they are noticeable from a 26° 16.032´. Invasive plant species have not been found. A main distance. A threat to the population are the active erosion processes. threat to the population is the anthropogenic impact, since its The abundant dead forest bedding and the sloped terrain create territory is crossed by a hikers' trail from Slancheva polyana to some difficulties for the seed reproduction. Golyama Chatalka. Another serious threat is the advance of

The population to the west of Karandilska river is located on the Pteridium aquilinum from the northern and southern border of the outskirts of a bushy community of Paliurus spina-christi Mill., population. A possible threat is the failure of the greater part of seeds Fraxinus ornus L., Quercus petraea Matis., Carpinus orientalis Mill. to reach the soil due to the abundant dead vegetation cover. The and Ruscus aculeatus L. The terrain has a slope up to 27°, highly main threats for the population are erosion processes. During eroded, facing southeast and an altitude of 415-417 m. The basic studies anthropogenic impact has not been registered. The rock is quartz porphyry, the soil type – Leached cinnamon forest soil, abundance of plant residuals of forest and grass creates difficulties

2 for the seed reproduction of specimens.Luvisols. The population area is 72 m , and the number – 21 The population below Barmuka peak is located on an open flowering specimens. Its geographical coordinates in the central part

meadow in a grass community involving Paliurus spina-christi, are N 42° 41.989´, E 26° 22.022´. Invasive and competing plant species have not been found. Due to its proximity to the summer Fraxinus ornus, Quercus petraea, single trees of Pinus nigra. The house area, a main threat to the population is anthropogenic impact terrain has a slope up to 23°, non-eroded, facing south and an

Figure 3. Min, max, mean and SD values of pH (H O) 2

and Organic C (%) in the studied soil samples.

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pH(H O)2

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Figure 4. Min, max, mean and SD values of Total N -1(mg.kg ), P O (g/100 g) and K O (mg/100 g) in the 2 5 2

studied soil samples

Qua

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Total N, mg/kg

P O , mg/100g2 5

P O , mg/100g2 5

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altitude of 353 m. The basic rock is calcareous marl, the soil type – Karandila area, to the west of Karandilska river, in Ovcharnika area, 2 in Ravna reka area, in Kiroolou area and under Barmuka peak. The Cinnamon forest soil, Luvisols. The population area is 164 m , and

species forms populations in grass communities dominated by the number – 23 specimens. Its geographical coordinates in the Sesleria latifolia and Festuca valesiaca; on open areas and on the central part are N 42° 41.239´, E 26° 18.421´. Invasive and outskirts of deciduous forests and bushes at an altitude from 415 to competing plant species have not been found.1018 m on acid and neutral soils, well stocked with organic carbon A main threat for the population is anthropogenic impact since and assimilable forms of potassium and less stocked with mineral forest trails pass near it. Presence of horses has been registered. nitrogen and assimilable form of phosphorus. Populations number Another possible threat is the failure for the greater part of seeds to

2reach the soil due to the abundant covering of dead vegetation. from 17 to 70 specimens at an area from 72 to 1200 m . Main threats for the populations of the species in the natural park are

Requirements of C. olivieri to soil fertility anthropogenic impact, hindered seed propagation, ongoing erosion Concerning the requirements of C. olivieri to soil fertility is has processes, competition by Pteridium aquilinum.

been established that the species grows on soils with slightly acid Regardless of the proven ornamental effect of C. olivieri and the reaction, with pH values of 6.0, but also on medium acid at рН – 5.2 proximity of almost all populations to the most visited tourist sites, to and neutral ones with рН – 7.2 (Figure 3). Soils are characterized by a summer house area and a road, anthropogenic impact during high organic matter content and the organic carbon content varies flowering is limited, especially for the populations up to 500 m a.s.l., between 3.1 and 4.9% and are well stocked with assimilable forms of in which in milder winters blossoming starts as early as the end of potassium with the average К О content being 30 mg/100g (Figure January. In 2014 the blossoming of these populations started on 21 2

January. A greater threat to C. olivieri populations is anthropogenic 4). The soil samples taken from the territory of the 10 populations pressure before seeds reach full maturity, from late March to mid-studied are more slightly stocked with mineral nitrogen and April. Our observations have shown that tramping of plants during assimilable forms of phosphorus (Tomov et al., 1999). For example, fruiting is the most often unintentional since abundant dead forest the average total mineral nitrogen value is 23 mg/kg, while for bedding and grass make them hard to spot. Their timely removal in phosphorus it is 6.0 mg/100 g. The highest is the soil fertility of soils all populations would help to limit anthropogenic pressure and assist for the population after Enyova bulka area with values as follows: their seed reproduction. Besides this, to stabilize C. olivieri К О – 3.8 mg/100 g, Р O – 5 mg/100 g and total mineral nitrogen – 17 2 2 5

populations and increase their area and number, other measures for mg/100 g, which is accounted for by the strong erosion process in in-situ conservation must be applied, related mainly to supporting the area. their natural reproduction by sowing with previously collected mature seeds and/or subsidiary bulbs in selected areas of the population or in territories adjacent to it, relocating the most Conclusionsvulnerable plants to better protected areas. At this stage relocation of the plants is crucial for the population of Karandilska polyana area, C. olivieri is distributed in Sinite Kamani Natiral Park in since two groups of 5 – 6 plants each are on the trail at the beginning Karandilskata polyana area, Karandila area, Aba Pazar area, after of Karandilska meadow. Their relocation to the northwestern corner Enyova bulka area, to the left of the first exit, 7 km after the exit to

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of the population will reduce the risk of tramping. ReferencesIn four of the populations – at 7 km from the junction to

Karandila, to the west of Karandilska river, after Enyova bulka area Andreev N, 1981. Development Plan of Sinite Kamani National and in Kiroolou area, a serious threat are the ongoing erosion Park. Botanical Characterization, Agrolesproekt, Sofia (Bg).processes and relocating the plants is not necessary at this stage, Assyov B and Petrova A (eds), 2012. Conspectus of the Bulgarian but field observations should continue and, if necessary plants Vascular Flora. Distribution Maps and Floristic Elements. Fourth affected by the erosion processes should be relocated to revised and enlarged edition. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, appropriate areas. For 3 of the populations – from Ovcharnika area, Sofia (Bg).Ravna reka area and Kiroolou area a serious threat are the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Darzhaven Vestnik no. 77 from 9 numerous populations of Pteridium aquilinum located in close August 2002, pp. 9-42. Amended in Darzhaven Vestnik no. 94 from proximity. It is crucial to organise promptly mechanical control to 16 November 2007 (Bg).curb its spreading. Georgieva M and Petrova A, 2009. Orchids in Sinite kamani

The status of all populations of C. olivieri in Sinite Kamani Natural park, Rodina, Sofia (Bg).Natural Park is relatively good, but for their preservation in-situ Grozeva N, Georgieva M and Vulkova M, 2004. Flowering plants measures must be applied. Stabilization and increase in their area and ferns. – In: Stoeva M (ed.), Biological diversity of Sinite Kamani and number are possible mainly by supporting their natural Nature Park. – Kontrast, Bogomilovo, 9-112 (Bg). restoration (by clearing the dead forest and grass mass, reseeding in Petrova A, Trifonov G, Venkova D and Ivanova M, 2009. Records appropriate areas with pre-collected mature seeds, transferring of 51-74. In: Vladimirov V & al. (comps). New floristic records in the vulnerable plants to better protected areas of the populations) and Balkans. Phytologia Balcanica, 15, 128-132. mechanical control to prevent the penetration of Pteridium aquilinum Petrova AS, Getova N, Grozeva N and Venkova D, 2011. Reports consisting of three-fold cutting (in May, July and beginning of 73-93. – In: Vladimirov, V. & al. (comps). New floristic records in the September). To reduce the negative consequences of the registered Balkans. Phytologia Balcanica, 17, 361-384.at the borders of the populations erosion processes, traces of Tashev A, Aleksandrova A and Dochshev D, 2010. New record of passing people and horses and to prevent negative impact from Quercus coccifera L. in Bulgaria. Gora, 8, 16-18 (Bg).future factors, the systematic observations of the populations need Tashev A, 2011. Reports 108-113. In: Vladimirov V & al. (comps). to be continued. New floristic records in the Balkans: 17. Phytologia Balcanica, 17,

361-384.Todorova M, Atanassova S and Ilieva R, 2009. Determination of

Acknowledgements soil organic carbon using near-infrared spectroscopy. Agricultural Science and Technology, 1, 45-50.

This work was financially supported by contract № OPOS 2-36 / Tomov T, Rachovski G, Kostadinova S and Manolov I, 1999. 24.07.2013 on project № 5103020-15-658 of Sinite Kamani Natural Guide for practices in agrochemistry. Agricultural University, Plovdiv.park funded by contract № 5103020-С-002 OPERATIONAL World reference base for soil resources, 2006. A framework for PROGRAMME „ENVIRONMENT 2007-2013“. international classification, correlation and communication. Food

and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2006.

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Production Systems

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Product Quality and Safety

Tolerance and own tolerance of wheat under conditions of permanent and long-term rotationN. Nankov, G. Milev, A. Ivanova, I. Iliev, M. Nankova

Influence of fertilization and sowing density on grain production of Sorghum bicolor L., in the climatic conditions of Central Moldavia, RomaniaS. Pochişcanu, T. Robu, A. Gherasim, M. Zaharia

Effect of locomotor activity of Russian sturgeons (Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii Brandt) on water heat flows in a recirculation system K. Peychev, Y. Staykov, S. Stoyanova

The effect of stocking density on some hydrochemical parameters and growth traits in European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), cultivated in a recirculation systemG. Zhelyazkov

Agroecological assessment of wastewater from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant by physico-chemical parameters G. Kostadinova, D. Dermendzhieva, G. Petkov, I. Taneva

Exploring the yield potential and spike characteristics of tritordeum (×Tritordeum ascherson et graebner) accessions under the conditions of South DobrodzaH. Stoyanov

Effect of amitraz on varroosis in bees (Apis mellifera L.)K. Gurgulova, I. Zhelyazkova, S. Takova, K. Malinova

New data about Crocus olivieri J. Gay on the territory of Sinite Kamani Natural Park, BulgariaN. Grozeva, M. Todorova, M. Gerdzhikova, G. Panayotova, N. Getova, D. Dohchev, K. Tsutsov

Near Infrared Spectroscopy and aquaphotomics for monitoring changes during yellow cheese ripeningS. Atanassova

Investigation on the technological traits of Bulgarian and imported merino wool batchesD. Pamukova

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Instruction for authors

Preparation of papersPapers shall be submitted at the editorial office typed on standard typing pages (A4, 30 lines per page, 62 characters per line). The editors recommend up to 15 pages for full research paper ( including abstract references, tables, figures and other appendices)The manuscript should be structured as follows: Title, Names of authors and affiliation address, Abstract, List of keywords, Introduction, Material and methods,Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements (if any), References, Tables, Figures.The title needs to be as concise and informative about the nature of research. It should be written with small letter /bold, 14/ without any abbreviations. Names and affiliation of authorsThe names of the authors should be presented from the initials of first names followed by the family names. The complete address and name of the institution should be stated next. The affiliation of authors are designated by different signs. For the author who is going to be corresponding by the editorial board and readers, an E-mail address and telephone number should be presented as footnote on the first page. Corresponding author is indicated with *.Abstract should be not more than 350 words. It should be clearly stated what new findings have been made in the course of research. Abbreviations and references to authors are inadmissible in the summary. It should be understandable without having read the paper and should be in one paragraph. Keywords: Up to maximum of 5 keywords should be selected not repeating the title but giving the essence of study. The introduction must answer the following questions: What is known and what is new on the studied issue? What necessitated the research problem, described in the paper? What is your hypothesis and goal ?Material and methods: The objects of research, organization of experiments, chemical analyses, statistical and other methods and conditions applied for the experiments should be described in detail. A criterion of sufficient information is to be possible for others to repeat the experi-ment in order to verify results.Results are presented in understandable

tables and figures, accompanied by the statistical parameters needed for the evaluation. Data from tables and figures should not be repeated in the text.Tables should be as simple and as few as possible. Each table should have its own explanatory title and to be typed on a separate page. They should be outside the main body of the text and an indication should be given where it should be inserted.Figures should be sharp with good contrast and rendition. Graphic materials should be preferred. Photographs to be appropriate for printing. Illustrations are supplied in colour as an exception after special agreement with the editorial board and possible payment of extra costs. The figures are to be each in a single file and their location should be given within the text. Discussion: The objective of this section is to indicate the scientific significance of the study. By comparing the results and conclusions of other scientists the contribution of the study for expanding or modifying existing knowledge is pointed out clearly and convincingly to the reader.Conclusion: The most important conse- quences for the science and practice resulting from the conducted research should be summarized in a few sentences. The conclusions shouldn't be numbered and no new paragraphs be used. Contributions are the core of conclusions. References:In the text, references should be cited as follows: single author: Sandberg (2002); two authors: Andersson and Georges (2004); more than two authors: Andersson et al.(2003). When several references are cited simultaneously, they should be ranked by chronological order e.g.: (Sandberg, 2002; Andersson et al., 2003; Andersson and Georges, 2004).References are arranged alphabetically by the name of the first author. If an author is cited more than once, first his individual publications are given ranked by year, then come publications with one co-author, two co-authors, etc. The names of authors, article and journal titles in the Cyrillic or alphabet different from Latin, should be transliterated into Latin and article titles should be translated into English. The original language of articles and books translated into English is indicated in parenthesis after the bibliographic reference (Bulgarian = Bg, Russian = Ru, Serbian = Sr, if in the Cyrillic, Mongolian =

Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgian = Geor., Japanese = Jа, Chinese = Ch, Arabic = Аr, etc.)The following order in the reference list is recommended:Journal articles: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. Full title of the journal, volume, pages. Example:Simm G, Lewis RM, Grundy B and Dingwall WS, 2002. Responses to selection for lean growth in sheep. Animal Science, 74, 39-50Books: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. Edition, name of publisher, place of publication. Example: Oldenbroek JK, 1999. Genebanks and the conservation of farm animal genetic resources, Second edition. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Heal th, Netherlands.Book chapter or conference proceedings: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. In: Title of the book or of the proceedings followed by the editor(s), volume, pages. Name of publisher, place of publication. Example: Mauff G, Pulverer G, Operkuch W, Hummel K and Hidden C, 1995. C3-variants and diverse phenotypes of unconverted and converted C3. In: Provides of the Biological Fluids (ed. H. Peters), vol. 22, 143-165, Pergamon Press. Oxford, UK.Todorov N and Mitev J, 1995. Effect of level of feeding during dry period, and body condition score on reproductive perfor-

thmance in dairy cows,IX International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, September 11–14, Berlin, Germany.Thesis:Hristova D, 2013. Investigation on genetic diversity in local sheep breeds using DNA markers. Thesis for PhD, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, (Bg).

The Editorial Board of the Journal is not responsible for incorrect quotes of reference sources and the relevant violations of copyrights.

Animal welfareStudies performed on experimental animals should be carried out according to internationally recognized guidelines for animal welfare. That should be clearly described in the respective section “Material and methods”.

Volume 7, Number 2June 2015

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