istituto nazionale di fisica codice esperimento gruppo … · 2005. 7. 19. · istituto nazionale...

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICANUCLEARE

Preventivo per l'anno 2005

Codice Esperimento GruppoBO11 4

Rapp. Naz.: Giovanni VENTURI

Rappresentante nazionale:Giovanni VENTURIStruttura di appartenenza: BOPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:

INFORMAZIONI GENERALI

Linea di ricerca

Dinamica classica e quantistica di oggetti relativistici estesiDualità in teoria dei campi e di stringa

Laboratorio ovesi raccolgono i dati

Sigla delloesperimentoassegnata

dal laboratorio

BO11

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)

Processo fisicostudiato

Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato

Sezioni partecipantiall'esperimento

BO, TN, CO, TS

Istituzioni esterneall'Ente partecipanti

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY POMONA, CA. USADIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA,UNIVERSITA’ DI OSIJEK − CROAZIA

Durata esperimento

Mod EC. 1 (a cura del responsabile nazionale)

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEAREPreventivo per l'anno 2005

StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: SPALLUCCI Euro

PREVENTIVO LOCALE DI SPESA PER L'ANNO 2005In KEuro

VOCIDI

SPESADESCRIZIONE DELLA SPESA

IMPORTI A cura dellaComm.neScientificaNazionale

Parziali Totale Compet.

SJ di cui SJ Collaborazioni con altri gruppi e/o partecipazioni a conferenze 4,0

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inviti ospiti stranieri 4,5

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Collaborazioni con istituzioni estere e/o partecipazioni a conferenze 8,0

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Consorzio Ore CPU Spazio Disco Cassette Altro

Totale 16,5 di cui SJ0,0

Sono previsti interventi e/o impiantistica che ricadono sotto la disciplina della legge Merloni ? Breve descrizione dell'intervento:

Mod EC./EN. 2 (a cura del responsabile locale)


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ALLEGATO MODELLO EC2

L' aumento delle richieste di finanziamento sulle varie voci e` dovuto:1) all' incremento nel numero dei partecipanti (locali) alle attivita` dell' iniziativaspecifica2)all' incremento nel numero delle collaborazioni internazionali che richiedono inviti diospiti stranieri e trasferte in istituzioni straniere

Mod EC./EN. 2a Pagina 1 (a cura del responsabile locale)


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PREVENTIVO GLOBALE DI SPESA PER L'ANNO 2005

In KEuro

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A CARICO DELL' I.N.F.N. A

caricodi altriEnti

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4,02,06,04,0

3,58,02,04,5

16,06,09,08,0

23,516,017,016,5

0,00,00,00,0

16,0 18,0 39,0 73,0

NB. La colonna A carico di altri enti deve essere compilata obbligatoriamente

Mod EC./EN. 4 (a cura del responsabile nazionale)





A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004

B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005BO11: QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY, BLACK HOLES AND COSMOLOGY

INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION:

It is commonly accepted that in order to describe systems for which both quantum and general relativistic effects are important, one needsa quantum theory of all interactions, thereby including gravity. In particular, the latter is essential for the description of the physics of theprimordial Universe and is also considered necessary for thepurpose of solving the paradoxes and elucidating the still mysterious aspects of the physics of black holes. While waiting for such a theoryto be consistently formulated, andpossibly in a form which can be concretely used, an approach which has proved useful is that in which quantum fields describing matterand radiation interact with the nonquantized gravitational field. The general scheme arising from this approach takes the name of quantumfield theory on curved spacetimes and some of the most significant constructions and theoretical predictions of the last 30 years havetaken place within this context, the examples of largest impact being the prediction of black hole evaporation and the inflationary paradigm.

Our activity is based mainly on such an approach and employs methods that are at the interface between quantum field theory, generalrelativity and string theory, with applications to cosmological inflation, to the entropy of different types of black holes, to back−reaction ingravitational collapse and to quantum models on the deSitter universe, the latter being the simplest cosmology with an accelerated expansion given by a pure cosmological constant.Also worth studying are classical models for the description of the dark energy component, which is at the origin of the acceleratedexpansion of the universe. These models include the Chaplygin gas, alternative higher order gravitational theories, tachyons and theso−called "brane" universes, which arise from the more general context of string theory.In this context the research extends also to the Kaluza−Klein models with T−duality and to the AdS/CFT and dS/CFT correspondences.

The participants in the BO11 collaboration are associated with the INFN groups of 4 Universities: Bologna (BO), Como (CO), Trento (TN)and Trieste (TS), and their activities can be divided into three main (partially overlapping) topics: Black holes (BH), Theoretical Cosmology(TC) and General Theory (GT). Further, besides individual contacts, a yearly meeting involving most participants is held, also occasionallyinviting representatives of other related INFN activities (see e.g. www−th.bo.infn.it/activities/bo11/).

SOME RECENT RESULTS:

To further illustrate our activity we single out some results that we think are particularly significant obtained in the above topics during thepast few years.

A) BLACK HOLES

[BH1] R. Casadio and B. Harms,"Can black holes and naked singularities be detected in accelerators?", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A17 (2002) 4635 [see also: Phys. Rev. D 64(2001) 024016; Phys. Lett. B 487 (2000) 209].The conditions for the detectability of black holes and naked singularities in colliders at TeV−scales if the spacetime is higher dimensionalhave been studied. With one warped extra dimension, microcanonical corrections can make tiny black holes (meta)stable and, if the total

charge is non−zero, naked singularities do not occur provided the electromagnetic field is strictly confined on an infinitelythin brane. With more flat extra dimensions, a phase transition between black strings and black holes was conjectured and themicrocanonical decay rates analyzed.

[BH2] G.L. Alberghi, R. Casadio and G.Venturi,"Thermodynamics for radiating shells in anti−de Sitter space−time", Phys. Lett. B557 (2003) 7 [see also Phys. Lett. B 571 (2003) 245].A thermodynamical description for the quasi−static collapse of radiating, self−gravitating spherical shells of matter in anti−de Sitterspacetime is obtained. The specific heat at constant area may diverge before a black hole forms, thus suggesting the possibility of a phasetransition occurring during the collapse. Semiclassical radiation emitted as a non−adiabatic quantum effect when the shell matter isbosonic has also also obtained.

[BH3] R. Casadio,"On dispersion relations and the statistical mechanics of Hawking radiation", Class. Quantum Grav. 19 (2002) 2453 [see also Ann. Phys.307 (2003) 195].It is shown that trans−Planckian frequencies do not affect the spectrum of Hawking radiation since Hawking particles are producedsufficiently far away from the horizon and reach infinity with a relatively small gravitational red−shift. The result is then generalized tomodels withextra flat spatial dimensions.

[BH4] V. Moretti and N. Pinamonti,"Aspects of hidden and manifest SL(2,R) symmetry in 2D near−horizon black−hole backgrounds," Nucl. Phys. B 647 (2002) 131.The invariance under unitary representations of the conformal group SL(2,R) of a quantum particle is rigorously investigated intwo−dimensional spacetimes containing Killing horizons and the limit of the near−horizon approximation is considered. The whole Hilbertspaceturns out to be an irreducible unitary representation of SL(2,R) and the time evolution is embodied in the unitary representation.

B) THEORETICAL COSMOLOGY

[TC1] A. Y. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella and V. Pasquier,"An alternative to quintessence", Phys. Lett. B511 (2001) 265.Recent observations point towards the existence of a new type of energy, called dark, that dominates the energy content of the universe.In this paper a new model, called the Chaplygin gas cosmological model (after the early 20−th century hydrodynamicist Chaplygin) hasbeen introduced and discussed. The novelty of the model is that it is the first to suggest a unified description of dark energy and darkmatter, together with a possible solution for the so−called cosmic conundrum problem. It predicts that the cosmological constant willincrease with time. The paper has inspired many other studies and today provides one of the most studied descriptions of dark energy.

[TC2] V. Gorini, A. Y. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella and V. Pasquier,"Tachyons, scalar fields and cosmology," arXiv: hep−th/0311111, to appear in Phys. Rev. D.A sort of correspondence existing between tachyons and minimally coupled scalar fields is constructed. This leads to the study of aspecific one−parameter family of tachyonic models based on a perfect fluid mixed with a positive cosmological constant. For positivevalues of the parameter one needs to modify Sen's action and use the sigma process of resolution of singularities. For particular choices ofthe initial conditions the universe, that does mimic for a long time a de Sitter−like expansion, ends up in a finite time in a special type ofsingularity that we call a "big brake". This singularity is characterized by an infinite deceleration.

[TC3] F. Finelli and R. H. Brandenberger,"Parametric amplification of metric fluctuations during reheating in two field models", Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 083502.The parametric amplification of super−Hubble−scale scalar metric fluctuations is studied at the end of inflation in two−field models ofinflation. It is shown there can be a large growth of fluctuations due to parametric resonance, an effect that is not taken into account by theconventional theory of isocurvature perturbations.

[TC4] D. Carturan and F. Finelli,"Cosmological Effects of a Class of Fluid Dark Energy Models", Phys. Rev. D68 (2003) 103501.The impact of a generalized Chaplygin gas as a candidate for dark energy on CMB anisotropies is studied in order to show how the CMBanisotropies induced by this class of models differ from a Lambda−Cold Dark Matter model.

[TC5] L.Amendola, F.Finelli, C.Burigana and D.Carturan,"WMAP and the Generalized Chaplygin Gas", JCAP 0307 (2003) 005.The WMAP and SNIa data are compared with models having a generalized Chaplygin gas as dark energy and unified models.

[TC6] F. Finelli, G. Marozzi, G. P. Vacca, and G. Venturi,"Energy−Momentum Tensor of Cosmological Fluctuations during Inflation", in press in Phys. Rev. D [gr−qc/0310086] [see also Phys. Rev.D 65 (2002) 103521].The renormalized energy−momentum tensor (EMT) of quantum fluctuations in chaotic inflation with a quadratic potential is studied. Ourprocedure generalizes previous textbook treatment studied only for de Sitter to inflationary spacetimes. When metric fluctuations areincluded, the renormalized EMT is characterized by a negative energydensity which acts against expansion.

[TC7] R. Casadio and L. Mersini,"Short distance signatures in cosmology: why not in black holes?", Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. A 19 (2004) 1395 [see also Phys. lett. B579(2004) 1].It is shown that trans−Planckian frequencies can affect the spectrum of primordial fluctuations, contrarily to what happens in black holephysics [BH3]. Power−law inflation is then studied in details for a specific choice of initial conditions for the quantum state of modes thatenter the sub−Planckian regime which induce a modulation in the CMB.

[TC8] I. Brevik, S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and L.Vanzo,"Entropy and universality of Cardy−Verlinde formula in dark energy universe", arXiv: hep−th/0401073, to appear in Phys Rev D (2004).The entropy of a FRW universe filled with dark energy (cosmological constant, quintessence or phantom) is studied. The correspondingexpression is similar to 2D CFT entropy only for conformal matter. At the same time, the cosmological Cardy−Verlinde formula relatingthreetypical FRW universe entropies remains universal for any type of matter.

[TC9] G. Cognola, E. Elizalde, S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov, and S. Zerbini,"Multi−graviton theory from a discretized RS brane−world and the induced cosmological constant", arXiv: hep−th/0312269.A multi−graviton theory with non−nearest−neighbor couplings in the theory space is proposed. The resulting four−dimensional discretemass spectrum reflects the structure of a discretized extra dimension. For a plausible mass spectrum motivated by the discretizedRandall−Sundrumbrane−world, the induced cosmological constant turns out to be positive and may serve as a quite simple model for the dark energy of ouraccelerating universe.

C) GENERAL THEORY

[GT1] D. Klemm and L. Vanzo,"De Sitter gravity and Liouville theory", JHEP 0204 (2002) 030.The spectrum of conical defects in three−dimensional de Sitter space is shown to be in one−to−one correspondence with the spectrum ofvertex operators in Liouville conformal field theory. It is shown that classical de Sitter gravity encodes the quantum properties of Liouvilletheory. The Seiberg bound for vertex operators translates on the bulkside into an upper mass bound for classical point particles. Bulk solutions with cosmological event horizons correspond to microscopicLiouville states, whereas those without horizons correspond to macroscopic (normalizable) states.

[GT2] J. Bros, H. Epstein and U. Moschella,"The asymptotic symmetry of de Sitter spacetime", Phys. Rev. D 65 (2002) 084012.A set of Euclidean conformal correlation functions on the boundary of a de Sitter space from an interacting bulk quantum field theory with acertain asymptotic behavior is explicitly performed. The status of the boundary theory w.r.t. reflection positivity is discussed; the conclusionis that no obvious physical holographic interpretation isavailable.

[GT3] J. Bros, H. Epstein and U. Moschella,"Towards a general theory of quantized fields on the anti−de Sitter space−time", Commun. Math. Phys 231 (2002) 481.A general framework for studying quantum field theory on theanti−de−Sitter space−time is proposed, based on the assumption of positivity of the spectrum of the possible energy operators. In thisframework the n−point functions are shown to be analytic in suitable domains of the complex AdS manifold, that it is possible to Wickrotate to the Euclidean manifold and come back, and that it is meaningful to restrict AdS quantum fields to Poincare' branes. A completecharacterization of two−point functions is also given. Finally the existence of the AdS−Unruh effect is proven for uniformly acceleratedobservers on trajectories crossing the boundary of AdS at infinity, while that effect does not exist for all the other uniformly acceleratedtrajectories.

[GT4] A. Smailagic and E. Spallucci,"Isotropic representation of the noncommutative 2D harmonic oscillator'', Phys. Rev. D 65 (2002) 107701.The two−dimensional noncommutative harmonic oscillator is shown to have an isotropic representation in terms of commutativecoordinates. The noncommutativity in the new mode, induces energy level splitting, and is equivalent to an external magnetic field effect.

[GT5] A. Smailagic, E. Spallucci and T. Padmanabhan,"String theory T−duality and the zero point length of spacetime", arXiv: hep−th/0308122.It has been conjectured that the quantum gravity will act as a UV regulator in the low energy limit of quantum field theory. Earlier work hasshown that if the path integral defining the quantum field theory propagator is modified, so that the amplitude is invariant under the dualitytransformation L −−> 1/L where L is the length of the path, then the propagator is UV−finite and exhibits a "zero−point length" of thespacetime. By an explicit path integral computation, the lowest order string theory correction to the propagator is shown to coincide withthe expression obtained by the hypothesis of path integral duality.

[GT6] A. Tronconi, G.P. Vacca and G. Venturi,"The Inflaton and Time in the Matter−Gravity System", Phys. Rev. D67 (2003) 063517.The emergence of time in the matter−gravity system is addressed within the context of the inflationary paradigm in the quantumminisuperspace. Normal matter is seen to experience a time evolution due to the coarse averaging of the gravitational wave function. Ananalogy with theemergence of a temperature in statistical mechanics is also pointed out as well as differences with respect to the Born−Oppenheimerapproach of Phys. Rev. D 39 (1989) 2436.

A more complete list of publications during the past 3 years by the members of the collaboration is visible in the complete BO11 proposal.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:

A) BLACK HOLES

In the contexts of black hole physics we intend to pursue three main lines of research:

1) the back−reaction problem.The issue of determining the correct metric for an evaporating black hole is particularly demanding because the symmetries of the systemare not powerful enough to constrain the equations to a simple form. One must then employ further approximations such as reducing adhoc thedegrees of freedom. Simplified models of collapsing matter, such as homogeneous spheres and shells, will be used to address the wholeprocess of black hole formation and evaporation, since the two stages overlap in time for a distant observer. Techniques of canonicalquantization, renormalization in a curved background, and the WKBapproximation for the matter wave modes will also be employed. Finally, we will consider generalizations to models with extra spatialdimensions in the light of the holographic AdS−CFT correspondence for warped brane−worlds (BO).2) The microscopic interpretation of black hole entropy.This is still a fundamental unsolved problem. The use of techniques related to 2−dimensional conformal field theory plays an important roleand the use of Cardy formula for counting states is normally advocated. The issues concerning quantum fields living near, or exactly on,the event horizon of a black hole, the Virasoro algebra and related computation of the central charge will be considered in specific models(TN, BO).Furthermore, since one of the holographic theorems proved by us is formulated in an algebraic way (thus having no dependence on thequantum state), there may exist a C* algebra formulation of the extension of the holographic process to the whole Minkowski space−time(TN).3) Quasi−normal modes of a generic D−dimensional black hole.Such perturbations, also known as "ringing modes" in analogy with the decaying modes of a bell, are believed to represent black holedegrees of freedom. Their properties and relation with black hole degeneracy and entropy will be investigated (TN) and a possibleinterpretation in terms of conformal horizon states pursued (TN, BO).

B) THEORETICAL COSMOLOGY

We again list the main lines of research according to the following points:1) The back−reaction issue also arises in inflationary cosmology.Indeed the renormalised back−reaction of quantum scalar cosmological fluctuations has already been examined for the case of a minimallycoupled massive inflaton leading to chaotic inflation with a time dependent Hubble parameter [TC6]. Analogous considerations have to beperformed for tensor gravitational fluctuations (gravitons) both in deSitter and quasi−de Sitter space times (BO).2) It has been shown that trans−Planckian frequencies can play a role in cosmology [TC7]. The Born−Oppenheimer approach to thematter−gravity system allows for an estimate of the effect of quantum gravitational fluctuations which will be cast in the form of modifieddispersion relations to be checked against CMB data. Furthermore, the issue oftrans−Planckian frequencies has to be addressed within the context of the coarse graining approach used in the introduction of time [GT6].3) The observation of the dark component of the energy of the universe has given a strong boost to the investigation of dynamical modelsof such energy. Available models are of a phenomenological type, namely theories of scalar fields with potentials not derived fromfundamental theories, while waiting for new and more precise observations to tell uswhether dark energy is truly a constant or evolves and how does it evolve. We elaborated one of such models known as Chaplygin gas[TC1] (a fluid with properties related to some aspects of string theory), which describes the transition from an epoch of deceleratedexpansion to an accelerated one that is asymptotically de Sitter in a natural way. Another important characteristic of the model is that itmay inprinciple describe dark energy and dark matter in a unified way. Following this line of research we wish to continue the study of thecosmological applications of the Chaplygin gas (BO,CO) and to examine more closely its relation with the classical field models, tachyonsin particular, which may give rise to the same cosmic evolution. Preliminary results indicate that these models exhibit a very rich dynamics,with a sometimes seemingly chaotic behaviour. In this context,essential is the use of methods of qualitative analysis of dynamical systems,such as the theory of the resolution of singularities à la Arnold. Furthermore, we intend to study the Tolman−Oppenheimer−Volkovequations in the presence of dark energy, in its different modellings.4) D−brane inspired cosmological models ("brane−universes"), are also currently under investigation. In particular, a 3−brane embedded ina six−dimensional spacetime induces curvature only in the extra dimensions. In these models there is still a question of fine tuning that hasto be addressed, since although the branes themselves do not curve the observed four dimensions, the bulk components of matter do, andthey have to be fine tuned in order to get (almost) zero four−dimensional vacuum energy. In order to avoid unnatural fine−tuning wepropose a different strategy, i.e. to formulate a conformally invariant, gauge−type formulation of 3−branes in six dimensions. In this way weexpect that both bulk and singular brane contributions will share the fundamental feature of curving only the extra dimensions [TS].5) If the dark energy does indeed correspond to a pure cosmological constant, then our universe will asymptotically tend to a de Sitterspacetime. In this context, we intend to study scattering theory and the possible formulation of an asymptotic condition in the presence of apositive cosmological constant (de Sitter) with the aim of exploring its consequences on microphysics. A de Sitter S−matrix has been oftenevoked in the context of string theory. However, the usual Haag−Ruelle asymptotic theory is based on concepts which are characteristic ofMinkowski spacetime, such as the invariance under a commutative group of translations and the ensuing spacetime Fourier representation(the energy−momentum space), but which are no longer available in the presence of a positive cosmological constant, since translationsdo not commute in de Sitter. In order to investigate these problems we first of all wish to study wave packets using the analytic "planewave" basis introduced by us [TC2]. A preliminary investigation indicates that it is possible to reproduce Ruelle's analysis and introduce theusual notion of particle in regions (laboratories) whose linear dimension is small compared with the de Sitter radius whereas the asymptoticbehaviour seems to be radically different, entailing drastic consequences on the notion itself of elementary particle and of the latter'sstability. A second important issue is the study of diffusion amplitudes in position space, which the absence of commutativity makestechnically very difficult (e.g. one does not have conservation of energy−momentum). We expect significant differences compared to theMinkowskian case which may be physically important, given the by now commonly accepted existence of a nonvanishing cosmologicalconstant (CO).6) A duality between de Sitter space and conformal field theories has been recently conjectured (dS/CFT correspondence). Thiscorrespondence would would permit the microscopic counting of degrees of freedom of the entropyassociated with the de Sitter horizons via a generalized Cardy formula. The three−dimensional de Sitter space will be investigated, makinguse of the known result that the dual conformal field theory is a Liouville theory. The higher dimensional de Sitter case, where little isknown, is also of interest (TN).

C) GENERAL THEORY

As for general theory, we shall mostly focus on noncommutativity and its possible phenomenological aspects.A minimum length can be introduced in the fabric of spacetime by assuming that the coordinates are noncommuting operators rather thancommuting numbers. However, a noncommutative field theory is not defined in terms of noncommuting coordinates, but rather in terms ofanoncommuting product, say the Moyal product, between functions of ordinary commuting coordinates. While mathematically sound, thisapproach suffers from severe technical problems like the breaking of Lorentz symmetry and the loss of unitarity at the quantum level. Inalternative to the Moyal *−product approach, we recently proposed atwo−dimensional model, i.e. a quantum field theory on a noncommutative plane, formulated in terms of coherent states of thenoncommutative coordinates. We found a Feynman propagator exponentially damped at high energy, with thenoncommutative parameter theta playing the role of ultraviolet cutoff. We propose to extend our approach to higher dimensions by meansof "minimum uncertainty'' states replacing the two−dimensional coherent states of the noncommutative plane. The hope is that theresultingeffective quantum field theory will be ultraviolet finite and Lorentz invariant (TS).Such a quantum field theory will then be employed to study topics of phenomenological interest, such as the cosmological constant andcurved spacetime effects, and high precision measurements in QED (TS, BO).Further investigations, involving spacetime causality and the Lorentzian non commutative geometry will also be carried out (TN).Lastly, general relativistic shells have been useful models in many astrophysical/cosmological situations. Their description in terms ofIsrael's junction conditions solves the problem of their classical dynamics, but still open is the quest to understand their quantumproperties. In this context models are being developed which have a consistent quantum description of such a gravitational system (TS).

C) FINANZIAMENTI GLOBALI AVUTI NEGLI ANNI PRECEDENTI In kEuro

Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne

InvitiMissioniestere

Materiale diconsumo

Trasporti efacchinaggi

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Affitti emanutenzione

Materialeinventariabile TOTALE

1995199619971998199920002001200220032004

TOTALE

0,50,51,01,01,01,55,07,07,05,0

1,01,0

1,51,53,01,53,01,5

3,64,65,15,15,07,2

13,010,510,513,0

5,16,16,16,17,5

10,221,019,020,519,5

29,5 14,0 77,6 121,1

Mod EC. 5 (a cura del rappresentante nazionale)





PREVISIONE DI SPESA

Piano finanziario globale di spesa

In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


Materialedi

consumo


Spesedi

calcolo



TOTALECompet.

20052006

TOTALI

16,017,0

18,018,0

39,040,0

73,075,0

33,036,0 79,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 148,0



StrutturaTS



COMPOSIZIONE DEL GRUPPO DI RICERCA

N RICERCATORECognome e Nome

QualificaAffer.

algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

%Dipendenti Incarichi Dipendenti Incarichi

Ruolo Art. 23 Ricerca Assoc. Ruolo Art. 23Ass.

Tecnol. 123

ANSOLDI Stefano SMAILAGIC Anais SPALLUCCI Euro P.A.

AsRicDIS

444

100100100

Numero totale dei Tecnologi Tecnologi Full Time Equivalent

00

NTECNICI

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Ruolo Art. 15Collab.tecnica

Assoc. tecnica

Numero totale dei ricercatori Ricercatori Full Time Equivalent

33

Numero totale dei Tecnici Tecnici Full Time Equivalent

00

SERVIZI TECNICI Annotazioni:

Denominazione mesi−uomo

Osservazioni del direttore della struttura in merito alladisponibilità di personale e attrezzature






MILESTONES PROPOSTE PER IL 2005Data

completamento Descrizione




Codice Esperimento GruppoFA51 4

Rapp. Naz.: Fogli Gianluigi

Rappresentante nazionale: Fogli GianluigiStruttura di appartenenza: BAPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Fisica astroparticellare



dal laboratorio

FA51

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Neutrini in Fisica, Astrofisica e Cosmologia. Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare nell'universo primordiale. Materiaoscura, energia oscura e strutture cosmiche. Sorgenti astrofisiche di radiazione.

Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


BA, CA, FE, LE, LNF, LNGS, MI, NA, PD, PI, PV, RM1, TO, TS


IAS Princeton, CERN, U. of Mississippi, ITP Zurich, Quaid Univ. (Islamabad), ITEP (Moskow), CampinasUniv. (Brasile), INR (Moskow), Univ. Minsk, Ukranian Observatory, New Mexico State University, InstitutAstrophysik Potsdam, LAPP−TH (France), JINR (Dubna), IFIC (Valencia), Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear yAltas Energias (Zaragoza), Niigata University, Korea Institute for Advanced Study

Durata esperimento



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: PETCOV Serguey


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ viaggi in Italia (collaborazioni, conferenze) 4,0

4,0

inviti 2,0

2,0

viaggi all'Estero (collaborazioni, conferenze) 10,0

10,0






StrutturaTS










In KEuro

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caricodi altriEnti

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SJ

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consumo

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TOTALECompet.

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TOTALI

10,06,59,04,00,52,0

10,07,03,01,51,51,06,04,0

3,06,01,05,05,01,02,0

5,52,0

22,07,5

18,010,0

1,54,0

15,013,011,0

3,53,51,5

12,010,0

32,014,030,020,0

3,011,030,021,016,0

5,05,02,5

23,516,0

0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0

66,0 30,5 132,5 229,0







A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004per l'attività svolta vedi l'attività prevista.

B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005The goal of the present research program is to undertake a vast and diversified activity in “Astroparticle Physics”, a recent field of particlephysics involving those phenomenological and theoretical aspects of nuclear and subnuclear physics which are relevant for astrophysicsand cosmology. This field is in a state of rapid evolution, both for the increased ability in observing phenomena of interest for particlephysics and astrophysics, and for the enormous impact on fundamental questions. In particular, almost all the modern indications for newphysics and for emerging “new paradigms” (e.g., dark matter and dark energy, neutrino masses, bariogenesis, inflationary models, ultrahigh energy cosmic rays) find their natural place in the field of astroparticle physics. The fundamental objective is thus to contribute in aqualified and significant way to the scientific development – both theoretical and phenomenological – of this important research field.

In this variegated field there is a widely recognized need for a deeper exchange of knowledge and ideas, for a better organizedmanagement of the research activity, and for a more effective participation of young researchers and students. The above considerationsjustify the attempt to form a more solid collaboration among research units that, though belonging to different institutions, have alreadybeen engaged for several years in this branch of physics, so as to increase their scientific potential within a common and well formulatedresearch project. It is worth stressing that a large part of the research topics are common to all units, and that a specific collaborationalready exists between some of them. It is also worth mentioning that the impressive research activity of the various research units in thelast few years is testified by a large number of (often highly cited) publications in leading refereed journals, by many invited talks in majorconferences in Italy and abroad, and by the organization of several workshops and schools in astroparticle physics. This deeply−rootedactivity provides a solid scientific basis for the research project in astroparticle physics.

In the other sections of this document, we describe the main guidelines of the activity currently carried out in the various units belonging tothis project. Here we simply idenitify and describe four main topics (A, B, C, D) of major scientific and cultural interest for our project.

A) NEUTRINOS IN PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY

This field, which is of great interest for all the units, has concerned a large fraction of the total scientific productions from the various groupsin the last few years. Results of high relevance have been achieved in the analysis of flavour oscillations and of absolute mass constraintsof neutrinos produced in terrestrial or astrophysical environments. This is an extremely wide research field, strongly linked with the otherthree research topics, and involving many unsolved theoretical problems, as well as many experiments in progress or proposed.Undoubtedly, neutrino physics and astrophysics, both standard (masses and mixings) and nonstandard (new states, new interactions) willcontinue to be a rich research field in the next years. The following research topics can be sketched:

• Solar neutrino physics, stellar astrophysics, and related cross sections• Physics of atmospheric and (long−baseline) accelerator neutrinos• Interpretation of observations of reactor antineutrinos and geoneutrinos• Properties of neutrinos of astrophysical origin (supernovae, nucleosynthesis)• Theoretical aspects of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter• Global phenomenological analyses of neutrino oscillations• Absolute neutrino masses: laboratory and cosmological constraints• Theoretical models for neutrino (and other fermion) mass matrices• Open problems: Mass hierarchy, mixing 1−3, CP phase• New physics: sterile neutrinos, magnetic moments, nonstandard interactions

B) NUCLEAR AND SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

Within our project, the study of the behaviour of matter and space−time in the extreme conditions characterizing the early universe hasconcerned a wide spectrum of important theoretical researches, ranging from string and brane cosmology to the study of hadronic matterin complex and high−density environments, from the cosmological implications of supersymmetry to CP violation effects, from inflationarymodels to the primordial generation of nuclei, magnetic fields, and possible topological defects. The early universe is – and will continue tobe – a privileged laboratory to test the most advanced physical theories of matter and space−time, especially considering the probableobservational improvements that can be expected in this field. The main topics are:

• String, brane, and extra−dimension cosmology• Extended theories of gravitation and cosmology• Time variation of fundamental parameters• Supersymmetry and its cosmological implications• CP violation, baryogenesis and leptogenesis• Magnetic fields, topological defects, and phase transitions in the early universe• Big bang nucleosynthesis and related cross sections• Compact quark stars, hadronic physics of astrophysical interest

C) DARK MATTER, DARK ENERGY AND AND COSMIC STRUCTURES

The problems set by the existence of dark matter and dark energy are so important that they have reached the general public. In this field,several units have achieved very relevant results in the theory and phenomenology of the particle candidates of dark matter (neutralinos,WIMPs, baryonic mirror matter), in the dynamical characterization of the possible scalar fields associated to dark energy, and in their linkswith the formation of large scale structures. In this field, the mere existence of two gigantic unsolved problems (dark matter and darkenergy) guarantees, by itself, the importance of this research topic in the next future. Main topics of this sector:

• Dark matter: supersymmetric and mirror models• Direct and indirect signatures of particle dark matter• Search of dark matter through gravitational lensing• Dark matter and its (de)coupling with dark energy• Dark energy: scalar field potentials and their physics• Linear and nonlinear dark energy dynamics• Cosmic background radiation (CMBR)• Galaxy formation and particle physics• Cosmic structures and field theory models• Deep galaxy samples and cosmic components

D) ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES OF RADIATION

The astrophysical phenomena associated to extremely high energy are generally poorly understood. Among them, particular interest hasbeen devoted to supernovae, to compact quark stars, to gamma ray bursts (origin, relation with supernovae) and to ultra high energycosmic rays (origin, propagation, detection). Also in this case, the increasing theoretical interest and the new observations which willbecome possible in the next decade guarantee a high level of scientific interest for this research topic. Main topics:

• Nuclear reactions and stars evolution• Supernovae and particle physics• Ultra high energy cosmic rays: origin and propagation• Ultra high energy cosmic rays: detection and interpretation• Gamma ray bursts: theoretical and phenomenological aspects• Gamma ray bursts and their relation with supernovae

Among the above topics, several are of common interest for various research groups. Within the proposed project, we intend to strengthenand widen the existing collaborations among research units, as well as between them and other institutions in Italy and abroad, and withsome experimental groups. For such reason, particular attention will be paid to the mobility of all researchers, to the support of youngstudents through grants and fellowships, to the education and exchange of ideas through national and international schools, workshops,and conferences. These synergies will allow the strengthening of a scientific activity which, as documented in the following, is already ofvery high quality and impact within the international scientific community.


Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne


Materiale diconsumo


Spese dicalcolo



1993199419951996199719981999200020022004

22,726,834,039,233,526,826,334,849,5

7,217,013,0

31,537,142,349,054,246,964,572,390,5

8,7

3,0

54,263,976,388,287,782,498,0

124,1156,0

TOTALE 293,6 37,2 488,3 11,7 830,8






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


Materialedi

consumo


Spesedi

calcolo



TOTALECompet.

2005

TOTALI

66,0 30,5 132,5 229,0

66,030,5 132,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 229,0



StrutturaTS





QualificaAffer.

algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

Cognome e Nome

Qualifica


Ruolo Art. 23 RicercaAssoc. Ruolo Art. 23Ass.

Tecnol. 123456

MILANESE Giuseppe PERCACCI Roberto PETCOV Serguey SCHWETZ Thomas SHINDO Tetsuo ULLIO Piero

R.U.P.A.

Dott.

AsRicB.P.D.Sissa

444444

50501008080100


00

NTECNICI

Cognome e Nome



Assoc.tecnica


64.6


00







Codice Esperimento GruppoFI11 4

Rapp. Naz.: Andrea Cappelli

Rappresentante nazionale: Andrea CappelliStruttura di appartenenza: FIPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Meccanica Statistica e Teoria dei Campi



dal laboratorio

FI11

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


FI, GE, TS


Durata esperimento



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: MUSSARDO Giuseppe


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Missioni interne 4,0

4,0

Prof. Fateev e Prof. Sotkov per un mese ciscuno 3,0

3,0

Missioni estere 11,5

11,5






StrutturaTS










In KEuro

Struttura


caricodi altriEnti

Missioniinterne

SJ

Inviti

SJ

Missioniestere

SJ

Materialedi

consumo

SJ

Trasportie

facchinaggi

SJ

Spesedi

calcolo

SJ

Affittie

manutenzione

SJ


SJ

TOTALECompet.

SJ

FIGETS

TOTALI

5,02,04,0

8,51,03,0

12,02,0

11,5

25,55,0

18,5

0,00,00,0

11,0 12,5 25,5 49,0







A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004

B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005


Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne


Materiale diconsumo


Spese dicalcolo



20002001200220032004

TOTALE

3,05,0

12,010,011,5

2,53,08,05,58,5

15,517,022,022,522,5

21,025,042,038,042,5

41,5 27,5 99,5 168,5


Iniziativa FI11 file:///home/cappelli/fi11/rich05/summary.html

1 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

Iniziativa Specifica: FI11

Responsabile Nazionale: A. Cappelli

Elenco dei Partecipanti

Sezione di FI Responsabile Locale: Andrea Cappelli

Nome e Cognome Ruolo Incarico In.Sp.1 Tempo

(%) In.Sp.2 Tempo (%) In.Sp.3 Tempo

(%)Altri Gruppi

Tempo (%) Commenti

ANTONIAZZIAndrea Dottorando Associato FI11 100

XIX Ciclo - Dinamica non lineare sistemi

complessi

BAGNOLI Franco

Ricercatore Universitario Associato FI11 30 FB11 70 ex -

INFMRic. Univ. Dipart. Energetica Firenze

CAPPELLIAndrea

Dirigente di Ricerca INFN

Dipendente FI11 70 PI62 30

CASETTI Lapo

Ricercatore Universitario Ricerca FI11 50 FB11 50 ex -

INFM

COLOMOFilippo

Ricercatore INFN Dipendente FI11 100

LIVI Roberto Professore Associato Associato FI11 50 FB11 50 FT61 00 ex -

INFM

PETTINIMarco Altro Associato FI11 70 FB11 30 ex -

INFM Ricercatore

Ist.Naz.Astrofisica

PRONKO Andrei

Borsista Post-Doc Associato FI11 100

Borsa INFN 1/9/2004 - 31/8/2006

RUFFOStefano

Professore Associato Associato FI11 70 FB11 30 ex -

INFM Dip. Energetica

TOGNETTI Valerio

Professore Ordinario Associato FI11 30 ex -

INFM 70

ZILLMERRuediger

Borsista Post-Doc Associato FI11 50 FB11 50

Borsa INFN - 1/9/2004 - 31/8/2006

Sezione di GE Responsabile Locale: Nicodemo Magnoli

Nome e Cognome Ruolo Incarico In.Sp.1 Tempo


(%)Altri Gruppi

Tempo (%) Commenti

Magnoli Nicodemo

Ricercatore Universitario Ricerca FI11 100

Sezione di TS Responsabile Locale: Giuseppe MussardoNome e Cognome Ruolo Incarico In.Sp.1 Tempo


(%)Altri Gruppi

Tempo (%) Commenti

Controzzi Davide

Borsista Post-Doc Associato FI11 100 Ott 2004

Delfino Gesualdo

Professore Associato Associato FI11 100

Feverati Giovanni

Borsista Post-Doc Associato FI11 100 Ott 2005

Michelangeli Alessandro Borsista Associato FI11 100 SISSA Ott

2006

Mussardo Giuseppe

Professore Ordinario Ricerca FI11 100

Niccoli Giuliano Borsista Associato FI11 100 SISSA Ott 2005

Ponsot Benedicte

Borsista Post-Doc Associato FI11 100 Ott. 2005


2 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

Progetto

STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND FIELD THEORY========================================

INTRODUCTION============This INFN initiative represents a 25-year long tradition of studies in Statistical Mechanics that developed in Florence and other Italian places. All the people have a quantum field theory background, and thus have beeninvestigating the fruitful relations and analogies among statisticalmechanics, condensed matter and particle physics.The main theme is the study of exactly solvable models in two dimensions, namely the conformal field theories and the integrable systems,and their application to statistical mechanics and condensed matter problems.Exact solutions provide the tools to understand many physical problems which are characterized by strong interactions and non-perturbative effects. These same problems are also investigated by a variety of numerical methods,and the comparison between the two approaches can often be done.

There is a rather broad spectrum of strongly-interacting systems instatistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, and, accordingly, there are several research lines in this INFN Initiative.Among others, let us mention the quantum Hall effect and in generalthe strongly-interacting electron systems in low dimension, the random and disordered systems, the many-body dynamical systems and the approach to equilibrium near a phase transition.Exactly solvable field theories in two dimensions can also be applied to rather different domains, like the model building in String Theory (here condensed-matter analogies have been rather fruitful).

MAIN INTERESTS OF PARTICIPANTS==============================Florence Group--------------A. Cappelli, F. Colomo, A. Pronko: conformal field theories and integrable systemsapplied to condensed matter and statistical mechanics;

A. Antoniazzi, F. Bagnoli, L. Casetti, R. Livi, M. Pettini, S. Ruffo, R. Zillmer:statistical mechanics and dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom; trasport theory and the approach to thermal equilibrium;

V. Tognetti: magnetic systems in low dimensions, applications of the path integral to condensed-matter problems

Genova group------------N. Magnoli: conformal field theories and integrable systemsapplied to condensed matter and statistical mechanics;

Trieste group-------------D. Controzzi, G. Delfino, G. Feverati, A. Michelangeli, G. Mussardo, G. Niccoli: conformal field theories and integrable systems applied to condensed matter and statistical mechanics;

B. Ponsot: Liouville theory and integrable systems applied to String Theory and quantum gravity.

RECENT RESULTS AND EXPECTED DEVELOPMENTS========================================Florence Group--------------In the context of conformal field theory and integrable systems, the recent achievements concern the analysis of boundary conditions, their multicritical properties and their effect on the integrability of the system on the lattice.In the future, we shall describe the properties of defect lines in conformal field theory and obtain further exact results in the 6-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions.

Regarding the field theoretical descriptions of the quantum Hall effect, we expect to completely understand the mapping of Laughlin electrons into the Chern-Simons matrix model and to develop the associated non-commutative


3 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

field theory.

Among the several research lines of statistical mechanics and dynamical systems described in the Activity Report, we would like to point out the progresses in understanding the systems with unscreened long-range interactions,their phases and the dynamics of their quasi-stationary states. Here we shall describe the physical signatures of the relaxation to the quasi-stationary states.Another important sector of investigations concerns the anomalous transport properties of one-dimensional systems and the associated dynamics out of equilibrium.The future developments are expected to explain the heat transport in realistic models of polymers and carbon nanotubes.

Genova group------------In the framework of conformal perturbation theory, we have studied the Isingmodel perturbed by the magnetic field by using analytical and numerical techniques (TCS).For the future we plan to study the 3-point function of magnetization operators in the Potts model.

In the framework of Chern-Simons Composite Fermion theories forthe Fractional Quantum Hall Effect, we have studied the possible mechanisms for the formation of electron pairs and paired states.Further studies in the quantum Hall effect will consider the issues of fractional charge and statistics for quasiparticles, using both the Chern-Simons approach andthe one-dimensional Chiral Luttinger theory of boundary excitations.

Trieste group-------------The recent results include the determination of universal quantities for scaling lattice models, the semiclassical study of the double sine-Gordon model, the study of the mass spectrum of the O(3) sigma model with theta term, thequasiparticle description of conformal field theories, the determinationof structure constants for the boundary Liouville theory, the studyof boundary renormalisation group flows.

The research activity on these topics will be continued, with particularattention for the study of lattice models directly in the scaling limitthrough field theoretical methods, the characterisation of the operatorspace of massive integrable models within the form factor approach andthe perturbative and semiclassical study of integrability breaking effects.

Elenco delle Pubblicazioni

Sezione di FI Responsabile Locale: Andrea Cappelli1) A. Cappelli, G. D’Appollonio, M. Zabzine,Landau-Ginzburg Description of Boundary Critical Phenomena in TwoDimensions,JHEP 0404 (2004) 0102) F.Colomo, A.G.Pronko, On the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, Jour. Phys.A37 (2004) 1987

3) R. Franzosi, and M. Pettini, Theorem on the origin of Phase Transitions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 060601 (2004)4) G. Ciraolo, C. Chandre, R. Lima, M. Vittot, M. Pettini, C. Figarella, P. Ghendrih, Controlling chaotic transport in a Hamiltonianmodel of interest to magnetized plasmas, J. Phys. A 37, 3589 (2004)

5) T. Dauxois, S. Lepri and S. Ruffo, Clustering and ensembles inequivalence in the phi^4 and phi^6 mean-field Hamiltonianmodels,Commun. in Nonlinear Science and Numer. Simul. 8, 375 (2003).

6) C. Pennetta, E. Alfinito, L. Reggiani and S. Ruffo, Non gaussianity of resistance flutuations near electrical breakdown, Semic.Sci. Techn. 19, S164 (2004)

7) Y.Y. Yamaguchi, J. Barre’, F. Bouchet, T. Dauxois, S. Ruffo, Stability criteria of the Vlasov equation and quasi-stationarystates of the HMF model, Physica A 337, 36 (2004).8) R. Khomeriki, Y.A. Kosevich and S. Ruffo, Supersonic discrete kink-solitons and sinusoidal patterns with magic wavenumberin anharmonic lattices, Europhys. Lett. 66, 21 (2004).9) J. Barre’, T. Dauxois, G. De Ninno, D. Fanelli, S. Ruffo, Statistical theory of high-gain free-electron laser saturation, Phys. Rev.E 69, 045501 (2004). 10) M. Antoni, A. Torcini, S. Ruffo, First-order microcanonical transitions in finite mean-field models, Europhys. Lett. 66, 645(2004)11) Bagnoli F, Cecconi F, Flammini A, Vespignani A, Short-period attractors and non-ergodic behavior in the deterministicfixed-energy sandpile model, Europhys. Lett. 63 (2003) 512


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12) S. Lepri, R. Livi and A. Politi, Thermal Conduction in Classical Low-dimesional Lattices, Phys. Rep. 377, 1 (2003).13) H. Kunz, R. Livi and A, Suto, A Mechanical Model of normal and anomalous diffusion, Phys. Rev. E 67,011102 (2003)

14) F. Piazza, S. Lepri and R. Livi, Cooling nonlinear lattices toward localization, Chaos 13, 637 (2003).15) F. Ginelli, R. Livi, A. Politi and A. Torcini, Relationship between directed percolation and the synchronization transition inspatially extended systems, Phys. Rev. E 67, 046217 (2003)16) R. Livi and S. Lepri, Heat in One Dimension, Nature 421, 327 (2003).

17) H. Hinrichsen, R. Livi, D. Mukamel, A. Politi, Wetting under nonequilibrium conditions, Phys. Rev. E 68, 041606 (2003).18) F.Colomo, A.G.Pronko, On some representations of the six-vertex model partition function, Phys. Lett. A315 (2003) 231

19) L.Capriotti, A.Fubini, T.Roscilde and V.Tognetti, Ising Transition in the two dimensional quantum J1-J2 Heisenberg model,Phys.Rev.Lett 92, 157202 (2004)


1) P. Grinza e N. Magnoli, On the magnetic perturbation of the Ising model on the sphere, J.Phys. A36 (2003) L5092) M. Caselle, P. Grinza, R. Guida e N. Magnoli, A new class of short distance universal amplitude ratios, J.Phys. A37 (2004) L47

Sezione di TS Responsabile Locale: Giuseppe Mussardo

1) G. Mussardo, V. Riva, G. Sotkov, SEMICLASSICAL PARTICLE SPECTRUM OF DOUBLE SINE-GORDON MODEL,Nucl. Phys. B 687, 189 (2004)

2) D. Controzzi, G. Mussardo, ON THE MASS SPECTRUM OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL O(3) SIGMA MODEL WITHTHETA TERM, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 21601 (2004)

3) G. Mussardo, V. Riva, G. Sotkov, FINITE VOLUME FORM-FACTORS IN SEMICLASSICAL APPROXIMATION, Nucl.Phys. B 670, 464 (2003)

4) G. Delfino, INTEGRABLE FIELD THEORY AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA: THE ISING MODEL IN A MAGNETICFIELD, J. Phys. A 37, R45 (2004)

5) G. Delfino and P. Grinza, UNIVERSAL RATIOS ALONG A LINE OF CRITICAL POINTS: THE ASHKIN-TELLERMODEL, Nucl. Phys. B 682, 521 (2004)6) D. Controzzi, K. Schoutens, ON THE QUASIPARTICLE DESCRIPTION OF C = 1 CFTS, J. Phys. A 37, 4289 (2004)

7) P. Grinza, A. Mossa, TOPOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF THE PHASE TRANSITION IN A MODEL OF DNA DENATURATION,Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 158102 (2004)

8) G. Feverati, EXACT (D) ---> (+)&(-) BOUNDARY FLOW IN THE TRICRITICAL ISING MODEL, JSTAT 0403, P001(2004)

9) G. Feverati, P. A. Pearce, F. Ravanini, EXACT PHI(1,3) BOUNDARY FLOWS IN THE TRICRITICAL ISING MODEL,Nucl. Phys. B 675, 469 (2003)

10) G. Feverati, P.A. Pearce, CRITICAL RSOS AND MINIMAL MODELS: FERMIONIC PATHS, VIRASORO ALGEBRAAND FIELDS, Nucl. Phys. B 663, 409 (2003)

11) B. Ponsot, LIOUVILLE THEORY ON THE PSEUDOSPHERE: BULK BOUNDARY STRUCTURE CONSTANT, Phys.Lett. B 588, 105 (2004)

12) I. K. Kostov, B. Ponsot, D. Serban, BOUNDARY LIOUVILLE THEORY AND 2-D QUANTUM GRAVITY,Nucl.Phys.B683, 309 (2004)

Theses

Sezione di FI Responsabile Locale: Andrea CappelliAutore Titolo Relatore Tesi di: Iniz.Spec.

1)Mauro RICCARDI Applications of Noncommutative Geometry to the Quantum Hall Effect A. Cappelli Dottorato FI11


Autore Titolo Relatore Tesi di: Iniz.Spec.

1)CIRIO Lucio Coomologia equivariante e teorie super Yang-Mills

Nicodemo Magnoli, Ugo Bruzzo Laurea FI11

2)PEZZOLI Maria Elisabetta

Stati di Edge nell’Effetto Hall Quantistico Frazionario

Maura Sassetti, Nicodemo Magnoli Laurea FI11

Sezione di TS Responsabile Locale: Giuseppe MussardoAutore Titolo Relatore Tesi di: Iniz.Spec.

1)Alessandro Mossa Analytic properties of the free energy in the tricritical Ising model G. Mussardo Dottorato FI11

2)Valentina Riva Semiclassical QFT on plane and cylindrical geometries G. Mussardo Dottorato FI11


5 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

Richieste per l’anno 2005 (cifre in KEuro)

Sezione Interno Inviti Estero Altro Totale

FI 5 8.5 12 0 25.5GE 2 1 2 0 5

TS 4 3 11.5 0 18.5Totali 11 12.5 25.5 0 49

Richieste Finanziarie: Sez. FI Richieste per l’anno 2005

Allegati

The Florence group is asking 3kEuro of Italian missions to continue the series of period internal meetings of the FI11 collaboration

A. Cappelli is asking 1.5kEuro for visiting G. D’Appollonioat the Phys. Dept, King’s College, London, for 2 weeksfor collaboration on ‘‘Defect lines in conformal fieldtheories’’

F. Bagnoli is asking 1kE to participate to the StatisticalMechanics meeting, Rutgers Univ.

M. Pettini is asking 1kE to visit the CPT-CNRS, Luminy,Marseille, for two weeks to collaborate on ‘‘Control of chaos in Hamiltonian systems’’.

INVITATIONS===========A. Cappelli is asking 1.5kEuro for inviting P. Pearce ofthe Dept. of Math and Statistics, Melbourne, for onemonth for collaboratinf on ‘‘Renormalizationgroup flows in boundary conformal field theory’’

F. Bagnoli is asking 1.5kE for inviting R. Rechtman of theEnergy Research Center, Nat. Autonomous Univ. ofMexico (UNAM), Mexico for one months for collaborating on"Synchronization and propagation of information in nonchaotic systems".

F. Colomo is asking 1.5KE for inviting V. S. Kapitonovof St. Peterburg Techn. Inst., for one month forcollaboration on ‘‘Exact results in Integrable Models of Statistical Mechanics’’ F. Colomo is asking 1.5KE for inviting N. M. Bogoliubovfrom Steklov Inst., St Petersburg, for one month forcollaboration on ‘‘Exact results in Integrable Models of Statistical Mechanics’’ L. Casetti is asking 1.5kE to invite M. Kastner,Phys. Depth., Univ. of Bayreuth, for one month to collaborate on ‘‘Topology and microcanonical phase transitions’’

R. Livi is asking 1kE for inviting H. Kunz, LousannePolytech., for two weeks for collaborating on ‘‘Out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in spin sytems andinterfaces’’

N.B.Curriculum vitae of invited scientists are available


6 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

at http://arturo.fi.infn.it/cappelli/is/

Richieste Finanziarie: Sez. GE Richieste per l’anno 2005

Allegati

N. Magnoli is asking 1kEuro of Italian missions to continuethe series of period internal meetings of the FI11collaboration

N. Magnoli is asking 1kEuro for inviting R. Guida ofSpht, Saclay, for two weeks for collaborating on‘‘Massive deformations of conformal field theories’’

Richieste Finanziarie: Sez. TS Richieste per l’anno 2005

Allegati

The Trieste group is asking 3kEuro of Italian missions to continue the series of period internal meetings of the FI11 collaboration

Invitation of V. Fateev, Univ. of Montpellier, for 1 month,for collaboration on non-linear sigma models, 1.5 KEuro.

Invitation of G. Sotkov, Univ. of Sofia, for 1 month,for collaboration on semi-classical methods, 1.5 KEuro.

Elenco Descrizione Attivita’:


7 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

Sezione di FI

FIRENZE FI11 2005 PROGRAM =========================

New researchers: A. Antoniazzi, Ph-D student; A. Pronko and R. Zillmer, INFN Postdocs;L. Casetti, University permanent researcher.

- A. Cappelli, M. Riccardi, G.R. Zemba‘‘Noncommutative field theories and the quantum Hall effect’’Analyze the description of the Laughlin Hall state in terms ofthe non-commutative Chern-Simons field theory as proposed by L. Susskindin 2001: quantization of the corresponding Chern-Simons Matrix Model.Study the quantum mechanics of electrons in the Landau levels whenone introduces a further non-commutatitivity among the coordinates.

- A.Cappelli, G. D’Appollonio, P. Pearce‘‘Boundary conformal field theories’’Study the renormalization-group flows that change the boundary conditionsin a conformal invariant theory, that are relevant for tachyoncondensation in string theory. Similar analysis of the defect lines that can be introduced in the conformal theory. - F. Colomo, A. G. Pronko‘‘Finite-size corrections to the Partition Function of the 6-vertex model’’The six vertex model with domain wall boundary condition is interesting forits deep connection with the theory of alternating sign matrix and dominotiling. The partition function is known only in the thermodynamiclimit, but we are computing the finite size corrections by representingthe partition function as a Freedholm determinant of an integral operator. We are moreover investigating exact evaluation of the partition function at some specific values of the deformation parameter of the model.

- M. Pettini, L. Casetti, R. Franzosi‘‘Topological theory of phase transitions’’The earlier explanation of the origin of phase transitions involvingconcepts and methods of differential topology will be further developed. We shall investige the topology changes of equipotential submanifolds ofconfiguration space which entail a thermodynamic phase transition.The description of first order, second order and glassy phase transitions within this differential-topological framework will be a mainresearch topic. - L. Casetti, M. Kastner ‘‘Topology and microcanonical phase transitions’’ We plan to investigate the relation between topology changes of submanifoldsof configuration and phase spaces from the microcanonical point of view.This research will be pursued considering simple models as well as studyinggeneral properties of classes of physical systems.

- A. Antoniazzi, S. Ruffo, M. Antoni, J. Barre’, T. Dauxois, H. Hinrichsen, D. Mukamel ‘‘Dynamics and thermodynamics in systems with long-range interactions’’Long-range interactions (e.g. gravity and Coulomb interactions) lead toinequivalences between the canonical and microcanonical ensambles and tometastable states whose lifetime goes to infinity with the size of the system.We want to derive the thermodynamic limit properties of systems with long-range interactions and to study the relaxation to equilibrium.We have recently developed a general method, based on the theory of largedeviations, which allows to obtain the exact solution in the microcanonicaland canonical ensembles of a large class of models. The quasi-stationary states, whose relaxation time diverges with system size, have been related to stable stationary states of the Vlasov equation.Next we would like to apply the large-deviation method to models describing more "realistic" systems possessing both long and short-range interactions.Moreover, we would like to find a physical signature of the relaxation to quasi-stationary states: a first indication comes fromthe analysis of the saturated state of the Free Electron Laser, asdescribed by the Colson-Bonifacio model.

- S. Ruffo, R. Khomeriki, S. Lepri‘‘Localized excitations in non-linear lattices’’Clusters of ‘‘breathers’’ can be produced in the FPU lattices byexciting the modes at the band edges.

- F. Bagnoli, F. Franci, R. Rechtman"Synchronization and impredictable behavior of nonchaotic systems"We investigate the origin of unpredictability in extended systems


8 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

which are not chaotic from the usual point of view, and their synchronization properties. In particular, we would like to study the connection among damage spreading and our definition of finite-distance Lyapunov exponent in discrete systems (cellular automata) and coupled maplattices. We would like to obtain informations about the chaotic properties of a system from its propension to synchronization with a replica of the system itself.

- R. Livi, S.Lepri and A. Politi"Study of transport in low-dimensional nonlinear and disordered systems"We have pointed out the existence of the universalityclasses characterizing the divergence of heat conductivityfor models in one space dimension.We plan to study the anomalous heat transport in realistic models of polymers and carbon nanotubes.

- R. Livi, S. Lepri, F. Piazza and A. Politi" Study of localization phenomena in the presence of nonlinearity"We have understood the mechanism of spontaneous formationof localized periodic solutions in anharmonic lattices.We want to describe the appearance oflocalized solutions induced by periodic perturbations appliedto the boundaries of anharmonic lattices.

- R. Livi, A. Politi, A. Torcini and R. Zillmer"Dynamical approach to neural networks dynamics"This is a new research line which is going to startin fall 2004 in collaboration with the new INFN postdoc R. Zillmer.We would like to characterize quantitativelythe robustness of information flow in single neurons and neural networks in the presence of noise.

- V.Tognetti, C.Biagini, A.Varlamov, L. Capriotti"Quantum fluctuations in superconductors"We have studied quantum fluctuations of magnetic conductivity intwo-dimensional superconductors, including doping effects.We plan to further analyze transport properties (conductivity, Hallconductivity, thermal conductivity) near the superconductor-insulatortransition driven by doping-induced disorder.

Remaning funds at 23/06/2004 ============================Italian trips 2.5kE, Invitations 1.25kE, Foreign trips 2.5kEThis remaining money is already allocated and will be spent completely

Sezione di GE

GENOVA FI11 2005 PROGRAM========================

- N. Magnoli, M. Caselle, P. Grinza, R. Guida‘‘Massive deformations of conformal field theories’’In the framework of conformal perturbation theory we have studied, by using analytical and numerical techniques (TCS), the Ising model perturbed by the magnetic field on the plane and on the sphere.For the future we plan study the 3-point function of magnetization operators in Potts model.

- B. Kramer, N. Magnoli, M. Sassetti‘‘Effective field theories of the quantum Hall effect’’In the framework of Chern-Simons Composite Fermions (CSCF) theories forthe Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), we have studied the effects ofinteraction in a two-component Hall fluid at total filling factor 1,addressing the competition between different paired states formation mechanisms.We plan to investigate the issues of fractional charge and statistics for FQHEquasiparticles, both with the CSCF approach and in the context of boundaryexcitations described by the one-dimensional model of the Chiral LuttingerLiquid.

Remaning funds at 23/06/2004 ============================Italian trips 0 kE, Invitations 0.5kE, Foreign trips 0 kE


9 of 9 07/01/2004 01:10 PM

Sezione di TS

TRIESTE FI11 2005 PROGRAM=========================

New researcher: G. Niccoli, A. Michelangeli, new Ph-D students

Research activities:

"Exact correlators and form factors in massive integrable models’’ Classification of the operators by the solution of the Watson equations of the form factors, study of the spectral series of correlation functions and their exact resummation.

"Non-integrable quantum field theory’’ Study of the mass spectrum and correction to scattering amplitudes. Confinement of topological excitations and application to nonlinear sigma models with topologic terms within the framework of form factor perturbation theory applied to massless theories. Phase diagrams of several models, including Ising model and double-Sine Gordon

"Semiclassical approach to quantum field theory" A new formulation of semiclassical methods relying on classical solutions of equations of motion allows the determination of finite size energies and quantum matrix elements. This method proves to be efficient to study non-integrable quantum field theories and field theories at finite volume.

"Quantum field theory at finite temperature and finite volume’’ A new approach has been developed to deal with finite temperature problem. This consists in quantising the theory at finite volume by semi-classical method and extracting in this way the exact matrix elements in finite volume. Correlation functions can be recovered using their spectral representation.

"Boundary Liouville theory and 2-D quantum gravity" Study of boundary correlation functions in Liouville theory and in solvable statistical models of 2D quantum gravity by means of functional equations.

"Quasiparticle description of Conformal Field Theories" Alternative description of massless excitations with fractional statistics and fractional charges. This method shows interesting connections with lattice models such as Calogero-Sutherland.

"Field theory of scaling lattice models’’ Computation of universal features of the scaling region, including the case of lines of critical points; study of the role of lattice symmetries in the continuum limit of critical antiferromagnets; numerical investigation of analytic properties through the truncated conformal space approach.

"Boundary field theory and surface phase diagrams’’ Study of the effects induced on field theories and strongly correlated systems by the boundary conditions and their relative boundary flows.

Remaning funds at 23/06/2004 ============================Italian trips 1.3kE, Invitations 1kE, Foreign trips 3.5kEThis remaining money is already allocated and will be spent completely





PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


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TOTALECompet.

200520062007

TOTALI

11,011,011,0

12,512,012,0

25,526,026,0

49,049,049,0

33,036,5 77,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 147,0



StrutturaTS





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algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

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Tecnol. 1234567

CONTROZZI Davide DELFINO Gesualdo FEVERATI Giovanni MICHELANGELI Alessandro MUSSARDO Giuseppe NICCOLI Giuliano PONSOT Benedicte

P.O.

B.P.D.P.A.

B.P.D.Bors.

Bors.B.P.D.

4444444

100100100100100100100


00

NTECNICI

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Assoc.tecnica


77


00








Rapp. Naz.: Francesco Becattini

Rappresentante nazionale:Francesco BecattiniStruttura di appartenenza: FIPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Fenomenologia degli ioni pesanti ultrarelativisticie interazioni forti a temperatura e densita' finite.



dal laboratorio

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Produzione adronica nelle collisioni di ioni pesanti di alta energia e segnature della formazione del QuarkGluon Plasma. Adronizzazione. Diagramma di fase della QCD nel piano T−mu_B. Modelli effettivi di QCD.

Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


Firenze, Laboratori del Sud, Torino, Trieste


Durata esperimento



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: TRELEANI Daniele


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Missioni 1,0

1,0

Missioni e congressi 1,5

1,5






StrutturaTS










In KEuro

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caricodi altriEnti

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SJ

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SJ

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SJ

TOTALECompet.

SJ

FILNS

TOTALI

8,51,0 1,0

15,02,0

23,54,0

0,00,0

9,5 1,0 17,0 27,5







A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004Tutta l'attivita' delle varie sezioni nel 2004 e' nell'allegato n. 1.L'elenco delle pubblicazioni e altri lavori e' nell'allegato n.2,quello dei talks e' nell'allegato 3.

B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Tutta l'attivita' prevista per il 2005 nelle varie sezioni e' descrittanell'allegato n. 1


Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne


Materiale diconsumo


Spese dicalcolo



20032004

TOTALE

3,56,0

0,53,5

8,511,0

12,520,5

9,5 4,0 19,5 33,0






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


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consumo


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TOTALECompet.

20052006

TOTALI

9,512,5

1,02,0

17,022,0

27,536,5

22,0 3,0 39,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 64,0



StrutturaTS





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algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

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Tecnol. 123

CATTARUZZA Enrico DEL FABBRO Alessio TRELEANI Daniele P.O.

Dott.AsRic

444

10010060


00

NTECNICI

Cognome e Nome



Assoc.tecnica


32.6


00







Codice Esperimento GruppoGE41 4

Rapp. Naz.: E. BELTRAMETTI

Rappresentante nazionale:E. BELTRAMETTIStruttura di appartenenza: GEPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

PROBLEMI MATEMATICI DELLA MECCANICA QUANTISTICA



dal laboratorio

GE41

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


BARI, COSENZA, GENOVA, LECCE, MILANO, PAVIA, TRIESTE


Durata esperimento BIENNALE



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: GHIRARDI Giancarlo


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Partecipazione convegni nazionali e missioni 3,0

3,0

Invito del Prof. Duerr (Monaco) per collaborazione scientifica 1,0

1,0

Missioni estere, partecipazione a convegni internazionali 9,0

9,0






StrutturaTS










In KEuro

Struttura


caricodi altriEnti

Missioniinterne

SJ

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SJ

TOTALECompet.

SJ

BACSGELEMIPVTS

TOTALI

1,51,55,02,02,00,53,0

1,5

5,01,02,0

1,0

4,53,5

12,02,54,01,59,0

7,55,0

22,05,58,02,0

13,0

0,00,00,00,00,00,00,0

15,5 10,5 37,0 63,0







A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004Una delle tematiche unificanti della nostra Iniziativa specifica è lo studio degli aspetti teorici ed applicativi della computazione quantistica.Tale tema e' presente anche in altre iniziative specifiche (quali MI41, NA41, PG12). Al fine di ricercare e valorizzare ogni possibilecomplementarita' e' parso opportuno avviare uno sforzo di coordinamento tra le ricerche condotte nel settore presso le IniziativeSpecifiche coinvolte. Tale coordinamento e' particolarmente inteso ad offrire elementi di informazione utili per meglio definire il ruolodell'INFN in un tema di ricerca su cui si sta accentrando un grande e crescente interesse internazionale e che promette rilevantiapplicazioni.

I principali risultati ottenuti possono essere sintetizzati nei seguenti punti.1) Abbiamo studiato il problema della decoerenza quantistica e dell' "entanglement" nell'ambito dei processi dissipativi e in quello dellateoria quantistica del non equilibrio con particolare attenzione al caso delle porte logiche quantistiche.2) Abbiamo studiato leggi di evoluzione temporale in meccanica quantistica non relativistica, quali l'effetto Zeno quantistico, il motoBrowniano quantistico, le dinamiche di sistemi termodinamici di non equilibrio, le equazioni differenziali stocastiche in modelli di riduzionedinamica.3) Abbiamo caratterizzato la struttura delle misure a valori negli operatori positivi covarianti rispetto a gruppi di interesse in MeccanicaQuantistica e teoria dei segnali.4) Abbiamo completato lo studio del formalismo operatoriale di Koopman e Von Neumann per la meccanica classica, con particolareattenzione al caso delle forme rappresentate come variabili grassmanniane.5) Abbiamo affrontato alcune questioni interpretative della Meccanica Quantistica quali la generalizzazione della teoria classica dellaprobabilita' al fine di includere gliaspetti tipici della meccanica quantistica, l'estensione della teoria di Bohm−Bell a processi di creazione e distruzione ed il limite classicodella stessa, l'elaborazione di un modello probabilistico elementare nel quadro del Realismo Semantico, l'estensione al caso relativisticodi processi stocastici di localizzazione spontanea e riduzione dinamica, l'emergenza delle inferenze contrarie nell'ambito della teoria dellestorie quantistiche.

B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Our research program concerns the development of physically non−ambiguous and mathematically precise formulation of quantummechanics. In particular, we shall focus our investigations on three main themes:1. Description and properties of non−unitary dynamics2. Methods of quantization and symmetries3. Problems of foundation and interpretation.

We briefly describe the goals of our research under these three topics.

1. The study and the control of non−unitary dynamical evolution for applications to quantum computation and interference from severalpoints of view:− the notion of "Zeno subspaces";− the Limblad theory of dissipative quantum semigroups;− the theory of stochastic differential equations in Hilbert spaces;− the theory of quantum Brownian motion;− models of spontaneous wave function collapse;− "quantum trajectories method", which uses concepts and techniques of the Bohmian version of quantum mechanics.2. The study of parastatistics in the framework of Bohmian mechanics, the study of the theory of representations of super Lie groups andof super Harish−Chandra pairs with applications to supersymmetry and the geometric quantization based on functional techniques and onthe introduction of two Grassmanian partners for systems with infinite degrees of freedom.3. The discussion and interpretation of the properties of entangled states in operationalprobability theory, Semantic Realism, GRW theory of spontaneous localization and Bohmian mechanics.


Annofinanziario

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20002001200220032004

TOTALE

3,54,05,52,5

10,0

5,56,05,52,05,5

15,514,518,5

8,027,0

24,524,529,512,542,5

25,5 24,5 83,5 133,5






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


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TOTALECompet.

2005

TOTALI

15,5 10,5 37,0 63,0

15,510,5 37,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 63,0



StrutturaTS





QualificaAffer.

algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

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Tecnol. 12345678

BASSI Angelo GHIRARDI Giancarlo GOZZI Ennio IPPOLITI Emiliano MARINATTO Luca MAURO Danilo SALVETTI Davide WEBER Tullio

P.O.P.A.

P.O.

B.P.D.

Dott.B.P.D.AsRicDott.

44444444

100100100100100100100100


00

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31/12/2005 classificazione delle rappresentazioni irriducibili del supergruppo di Poincarè

31/12/2005 controllo della decoerenza con applicazioni alla computazione quantisticarisoluzione dell'equazione di Schroedinger stocastica per l'oscillatore armonico e l'atomo diidrogeno

31/12/2005 Progettazione di un insieme universale di porte logiche olonomiche in dispositivi a semiconduttore che siano robusterispetto al rumore

31/12/2005 correzioni quantistiche a bassa temperatura e ai processi stocastici descriventi la dinamica di un microsistemainteragente con un sistema macroscopico




Codice Esperimento GruppoGS61 4

Rapp. Naz.: Aurelio GrilloRappresentante nazionale: Aurelio GrilloStruttura di appartenenza: LNGSPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:

PROGRAMMA DI RICERCA

A) INFORMAZIONI GENERALI

Linea di ricercaFisica Teorica


Sigla delloesperimento assegnata dallaboratorio

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e caratteristiche)


Apparato strumentaleutilizzato


LNGS,RM1,TS

Istituzioni esterne all'Entepartecipante

Durata esperimentoPluriennale

B) SCALA DEI TEMPI : piano di svolgimento

PERIODO ATTIVITA' PREVISTA

Mod EN. 1 (a cura del responsabile nazionale)

mailto:


StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: Stefano Liberati


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Contatti scientifici 1,0

1,0

Collaborazione con L. Garay, C. Barcelo, D. Mattingly 3,0

3,0

Collaborazione con L. Garay, C. Barcelo, M.Visser 5,5

5,5






StrutturaTS








Rapp. Naz.: Aurelio Grillo


In KEuro

Struttura


caricodi altriEnti

Missioniinterne

SJ

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Missioniestere

SJ

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SJ


SJ

TOTALECompet.

SJ

LNGSRM1TS

TOTALI

2,02,01,0

2,51,53,0

4,05,55,5

8,59,09,5

0,00,00,0

5,0 7,0 15,0 27,0




Nuovo esperimento GruppoGS61 4

PROPOSTA DI NUOVO ESPERIMENTO

PHENOMENOLGY OF PLANCK SCALE PHYSICS

Since a few years it emerged the realization that it is conceivable that effects of Planck scale physics,generally believed to follow from Quantum Gravity, could be phenomenologicallytestable.

Moreover, although a Quantum Gravity theory is still farfrom being formulated, and there are in fact severalapproaches to it, there are indications that a nontrivial space−time structure will be relevant nearby thePlanck scale. This structure could lead to phenomenawhich will be therefore characteristic of quantum gravity. Some of the proposed ideas are: loss of quantum coherence orstate collapse, QG imprint on initial cosmologicalperturbations, extra dimensions and low−scale QG, deviations from Newton's law, black holes produced in colliders,and Planck−scale deviations from classical spacetimesymmetries,such as CPT and Lorentz invariance (LI).

This research initiative aims to clarify the theoreticalframework of these testable effects of Planck scalephysics, focusing primarily on the issues relevant for the fate of classical symmetries at the Planck scale,and at the same time to explore all the opportunities that plannedastrophysics observatories and cosmology studiesmay provide for testing/falsifying such Planck−scale effects.

From this perspective we identify three main lines of research:

1) Development of the framework

Indications in favour of the possibility of testable Planck−scale effects have recently emerged from several approaches to the quantum−gravity problem, and in particular from loopquantum gravity and non−commutative geometry. The analysis of condensed−matter analogs of gravity also provides consistent results.However, due to the complexity of the relevant formalisms, in most cases the analyses, as presently formulated, are only applicable to a limited number of experimental contexts.It would be valuable, from a phenomenological perspective, to achieve a more comprehensive description of the new effects, which would allow to combine limits obtained in differentexperimental contexts, with an associated improved capability to test/falsify the relevant theories.

2) Analysis of possible phenomenological signatures.

Among the possible effects of Planck scale physics the largest effort in the recent literature has been devoted to the possibility of modified dispersion relations(E=SQRT(p^2+m^2)+f(p,Eplanck)), with associated departures from standard Lorentz invariance.This type of modifications appear to be unavoidable when thefundamental description of spacetime is based on noncommutative geometry and they also emerge naturally in the loop−quantum−gravity approach.Evidence of a general applicability of modified dispersionrelations is also growing in studies of noncritical string theory, while for the most studied critical superstring theory analogous modifications of the dispersion relation only arise inpresence of an external B−tensor background.

It has been shown that phenomenological signatures of such modified dispersion relations can have impact on high energy astrophysics observations,particularly in the study of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and the study of radiation from high energy objects (like gamma ray bursters, AGN and supernova remnants).The absence of such deviations would put constraints on proposed models of quantum gravity, and (independently of the quantum−gravity motivation) would allow an improvementon the present level of verification of Lorentz symmetry.

Analogous remarks apply to the study of the type of departures from CPT symmetry which could be induced by Planck scale physics.Already laboratory experiments involving neutral mesons have reached good sensitivity to Planck−scale departures from CPT symmetry, and we expect that observations ofneutrinos in astrophysics, now that the presence of neutrino masses is being established, should lead to competitive experimental limits.

3) Investigations of the nature of the departures fromLorentz symmetry

From a conceptual perspective the fact that some approaches to spacetime quantization invite one to consider the possibility of departures from Lorentz symmetry of course deservescareful scrutiny.In particular, in the recent quantum−gravity literaturethere has been strong interest in the issue of whether thedepartures form Lorentz symmetry are of a type that allows to select a preferred class of inertial observers.

If the mentioned modifications of the dispersion relation are a manifestation of a symmetry−breaking mechanism (possibly a spacetime analog of the mechanism of spontaneoussymmetry breaking that is commonly used in field theory)then inevitably one does find violations of the RelativityPrinciple, i.e. the possibility of selecting a preferredclass of inertial observers emerges.

An interesting perspective on this scenario can be providedby the so called analog models of gravity: condensed mattersystems, such as acoustics in flowing fluids, light inmoving dielectrics, or quasi−particles in a movingsuperfluid, can be used to mimic aspects of generalrelativity. More precisely in these systems linearizedperturbations propagate on the background as fields incurved spacetimes. From the point of view of Planck scale phenomenology even more relevant is the fact that these perturbations propagating in these analog systems arecharacterized by standard dispersion relations (invariant under Lorentz transformations with the speed of light replaced by the speed of sound) at low energies but acquire modifieddispersion relation of the kind discussed at point (2) in the high energy regime where the discrete structure of the condensed matter background (the analog spacetime) is probed.In particular one might try to develop systems that closely mimic a gravitational theory with a preferred frame (or a deformed relativity in some regime) and then investigate whichconditions/symmetries these requirements enforce on the underling condensed matter microscopic theory (which would correspond to the quantum gravity regime).In this sense these models might represent test fields for the basic ideas motivating the research of point (2) and even more interestingly they can provide systems in which theseideas can be put to an experimental test mixing concepts and expertise among three fundamental fields such has particle, gravitational and condensed matter physics.

In alternative to a framework with a preferred frame one can imagine a situation somewhat analogous to the one that a century ago led to replacing Galilei Relativity with SpecialRelativity: the Galilei dispersion relation was not consistent with the indications of the Maxwell theory and at first it was thought that the existence of a preferred frame (ether) might

Mod EN. 5 Pagina 1 di 2 (a cura del rappresentante nazionale)


Nuovo esperimento GruppoGS61 4


be responsible, but eventually the new dispersion relation was understood in terms of a "deformation" of the Galilei boost, with the speed scale "c" as deformation scale, which did notrequire a violation of the Relativity Principle.It is conceivable that some quantum pictures of spacetime might analogously lead to modified dispersion relations without violating the Relativity Principle, but as a result of anassociated "Planck−scale deformation" of the Lorentz boosts.Recent results establish that the simplest noncommutative geometries (called "canonical") simply break Lorentz symmetry, while there is growing evidence that a more complex typeof noncommutative geometry (the so−called "Lie−algebra" geometries) lead to a deformation of Lorentz symmetry.The studies of modified dispersion relations in loop quantum gravity are still too preliminary to distinguish between broken and deformed Lorentz symmetry.

We intend to contribute to the study of this issue in noncommutative geometry and loop quantum gravity.And primarily we intend to establish whether the nature of the planned astrophysical observations searching for Planck−scale modifications of the dispersion rleation could in principlebe used to distinguish between the broken−LI and the deformed−LI scenarios. This possibility is encouraged by recent results on the analysis of UHE cosmic rays, where adeformation of Lorentz symmetry appears to inevitably lead to smaller effects with respect to the case of broken Lorentz symmetry, even when the same modification of thedispersion relation is adopted, while still giving rise to potentially measurable effects in other sectors.






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

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Affitti emanutenz.


TOTALECompet.

2005

TOTALI

5,0 7,0 15,0 27,0

5,0 7,0 15,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,0



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Tecnol. 1 LIBERATI Stefano Sissa 4 50


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Codice Esperimento GruppoLE21 4

Rapp. Naz.: VERZEGNASSI Claudio

Rappresentante nazionale:VERZEGNASSI ClaudioStruttura di appartenenza:TSPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Fisica oltre il modello standard ai futuri linear colliderse ad LHC,in particolare, determinazione dei parametridel MSSM.Calcolo di grandi correzioni radiative di Sudakov e loro risommazionea tutti gli ordini a livellosubleading



dal laboratorio

LE21

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


annichilazione elettrone positrone (o quark antiquark ad LHC)in coppie di particelle supersimmetriche di spin0, 1/2 (sfermioni, gaugini)

Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


TS, LE, FE


Durata esperimento In linea di principio molto lunga dato che si tratta di un programma di ricerca mirato allo studiosistematicodelle correzioni radiative nel MSSM rilevanti per isuddetti esperimenti.



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: VERZEGNASSI Claudio


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Partecipazione a meeting sulle tematiche attinenti l'iniziativa. 2,0

2,0

Invito a Trieste per collaborazione ad A. A. Pankov (Gomel, Belarus), soggiorno di 6settimane piu' viaggio, in data da definirsi nel 2005.

2,0

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Contatti con gruppi di lavoro e partecipazione a workshops su colliderelettrone−positrone e LHC. Visite al CERN e presso i collaboratori di LE21 nelle sedi diVienna, Montpellier, Southempton.

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005KEYWORDS:

200 Phenomenology220 QED, Standard Model and Beyond224 Super−Symmetric Extensions of the Standard Model

TITLE: PRECISION PHYSICS AT FUTURE ACCELERATORS

One aim of the previous research project LE21 for 2004 was that ofperforming a systematic analysis of the leading electroweak virtual effects to next−tosubleading (i.e. constant) logarithmic order at one loop in the MinimalSupersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) of electroweak interactions atfuture lepton colliders.In particular, we wanted to consider the process of electron−positron annihilationinto a pair of particles with spin 0 ( charged and neutral Higgses) or 1/2(charginos,neutralinos) at a future LinearCollider (LC) in an energy region of approximately 1 TEV,where our group recentlystressed that in an assumed relatively light SUSY scenario the large leading oneloop SUSY effects of so called "Sudakov type" that arise, of linear and quadraticlogarithmic type, provide an approximate description to subleading logarithmicorder of these processes that has the same reliability as that of a fully resummedone (to the same subleading order precision). Thus, in this energy region, aone−loop logarithmic expansion implemented by a next−to subleading (i.e.constant) term should provide a rather accurate description of the variousobservables.The determination of the constant term had been proposed in the simple case ofCharged Higgs production by means of a dedicated one−loop program (SESAMO)that was built with the request of reproducing the known asymptotic Sudakov terms.It turned out that the coefficients of the logarithmic and of the constant termdepended on different sets of SUSY parameters, which would allow a rathersimplified self−consistecy−precision test of the model. The next step was that ofproducing similar programs for neutral Higgs, chargino and neutralino production.This work was and is being done in collaboration with theVienna SUSY group of Majerotto and Bartl for the chargino−neutralino final state,with Fernand Renard (Montpellier) for all the studied processes and finally withAbdelhak Djouadi (Montpellier, previously at the th. Div. of CERN) and ArnaudFerrari (Uppsala,previously at the CERN exp. div.) for what concerned the neutralHiggs case.Weexpect to have completed our complete analysis of this sector of the MinimalSupersymmetric Standard Model within the 2004 year, as promised in the 2004proposal. Preliminary results for the chargino and neutralino cases already exist

ane have been published. One already sees that from a combined analysis ofchargino ,neutralino and charged Higgs cross sections relevant self−consistencytests of various fundamental sectors of the considered model can be derived.

In parallel with this search, a component of the group also continued a morespeculative activity in the framework of electroweak radiative corrections at highenergies, with the final purpose of writing down infrared evolution equations forinclusive observables. These equations are the analogue of Altarelli−Parisiequations in QCD, and resum large contributions of logarithmic type by factorizingcollinear singularities. The final result of this work will appear in a forthcomingpaper,where the full electroweak evolution equations in the Standard Model will bepresented ,within the present year.

For the following 2005 year, our group wishes to extend itstheoretical investigations to the different experimentalsituation of the forecoming LHC CERN proton−proton collider.This is due to the fact that it was very recently realized that the same electroweaksupersymmetric logarithmic effects of Sudakov type also appear in LHCprocesses, in particular in the production of top−antitop pairs at small x ,where thedominant initial partonic state would be a gluon−gluon pair, and also in the (lessaccurately determined) bottom−antibottom production. These processes should bemeasurable with an experimental accuracy of five percent (top−antitop) and atheoretical uncertainty possibly below the ten percent (top−antitop). It was recentlyshown that supersymmetric electroweak effects, mainly of Yukawa kind couldeasily reach and exceed this thresholds and beobservable.Our approach will be quite similar to that adopted in the context of Linear Colliders.Namely, for each process under consideration (mainly top−antitop or single topproduction), we plan to write numerical codes for the calculation of all one loopcontributions not vanishing at increasing energy. This task will be done in closecollaboration with the LHC group in Southempton (S. Moretti, D. Ross; seeCollaborations). The output of the codes for the various relevant observables(cross sections, asimmetries) will be compared with the analytical expression ofthe corresponding Sudakov expansion that we shall compute, too. A first technicalresult of this analysis will be the determination of the precise validity domain of theSudakov approximation. Also, we shall determine the subleading corrections (aconstant term with no asymptotic energy dependence).These results will allow aneffective analysis of the supersymmetric New Physics virtual effects. We shallindeed explore the dependence of the various observables on the MSSMparameters. Our previous experience show that this task can be accomplished in arelatively simple way exploiting the Sudakov approximation, as we proved anddiscussed extensively in the LC context.

A second related activity will be devoted to the application of the above mentionedinfrared evolution equations to the LHC context.In particular, a possible observableto look at is inclusive jet production; in the analogous observables at NLCselectroweak corrections have been shown to play a significant role.

A third activity will be concerned with New Physics effects at the LHC due to thevirtual effects of very heavy particles. Relevant examples are composite modelswith contact interactions, heavy neutral bosons,leptoquarks, Kaluze−Klein gravitonsin extra dimensions.We have already started the analysis of lepton−antileptonproduction processes at LHC where the study of suitable angular asymmetries cantell between all these different New Physics effects. This line of research will beextended to other processes.


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Codice Esperimento GruppoMI12 4

Rapp. Naz.: L. Girardello

Rappresentante nazionale: L. GirardelloStruttura di appartenenza: MIPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Fisica teorica − Teoria dei campi − Stringhe − Teorie Conformi − Teorie di Gauge e Materia Condensata


SISSA − TS


dal laboratorio

MI12

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


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utilizzato


GE, MI, TO, TS


CERN, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, NORDITA, HARVARD (USA), TATA INSTITUTE (BOMBAY), LEUVEN(BELGIO).

Durata esperimento



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Resp. loc.: IENGO Roberto


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SJ di cui SJ missioni in Italia missioni per tre ricercatori: Matteo Berolini, Marco Serone, RobertoIengo piu' studenti di dottorato in tesi con i predetti

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missioni per tre ricercatori: Matteo Berolini, Marco Serone, Roberto Iengo piu' studentidi dottorato in tesi con i predetti

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005TITLE: STRING THEORY, QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES AND EXTRA−DIMENSIONS.

KEYWORDS: string theory, quantum field theory, supergravity, (supersymmetric) gauge theories, D−branes, extra−dimensions,supersymmetry breaking, non−commutative theories, AdS/CFT duality, string cosmology , string field theory.

MI12: INFN sections of Genova, LNF, Milano, Torino, Trieste.

The research activity of the MI12 group focuses on the following three areas:

(I) String Theory.(II) Quantum Field Theory.(III) Extra−dimensions and Cosmology.

Participants in the MI12 group have investigated numerous topics in each of these areas, keeping abreast of the most recentdevelopments in the different fields and obtaining important and acknowledged results.

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL MOTIVATIONS AND TO GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH ACTIVITY

Recent developments in non−perturbative string theory have brought remarkable progress in the understanding of non−perturbativesymmetries and of various dualities between weak and strong coupling regimes of string theory.A fundamental role is played here by the Dirichelet p−branes (D branes), which are extended dynamical objects in p−spatial dimensions(string solitons), whose low energy dynamics is described by supersymmetric gauge theories in p+1 dimensions. Analysis of D−braneconfigurations therefore provides non−perturbative information on gauge theories and leads to a framework that unifies string theory,supergravity and gauge theory.

The study of brane dynamics has also led to theformulation of a new kind of duality between gauge theories and strings, known as the AdS/CFT correspondence, which relates certainsuper−conformal gauge theories to strings that propagate on Anti de Sitter space−time. The strong coupling regime of these gaugetheories corresponds to the classical limit of the dual string theory, which is in turn described by classical supergravity. One can thusperform classical supergravity computations in order to extract information on the strong coupling regime of quantum gauge theories. Animportant consequence of such holographic (or AdS/CFT) duality consists in the possibility of studying the large N (t'Hooft ) limit of SU(N)conformal gauge theories.

An important by−product of the recent progress in stringtheory has been a renewed interest in quantumfield theories on non−commutative space−time.Indeed, low energy string dynamics in the presence of non−trivial backgrounds with non−vanishing tensorial or spinorial fields gives rise tofield theories in non(anti)−commutative (super)space. Non(anti)−commutative geometries also arise in supersymmetric field theories in thecontext of the duality between supersymmetric gauge theories and matrix models −−− the so−called Dijkgraaf−Vafa duality, a variant of theAdS/CFT duality −−− once non−planar string effects are taken into account. NCQFT are non−local field theories which seem to have goodUV properties and manifest an intriguing UV/IR mixing. In recent years, intense research activity has been dedicated to investigation of the

effects of non−commutativity on various properties of quantum field theories, such as renormalizability, integrability and existence ofsolitonic solutions. Ultimately, an understanding of the quantum consistency of on non(anti)−commutative field theories might point tointeresting extensions of the paradigm of locality , which is the cornerstone of renormalizable quantum field theories.

D−brane physics has also close relations with the Extra−Dimensions scenarios.The possibility that we live on branes sitting in spacetimes with more than 4 dimensions raises strong theoretical and phenomenologicalinterest. The Extra Dimension topic ties together string theory,general relativity and the standard model:it suggests interesting directionsand problems in continuous evolution.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

OUTLINE OF MAIN RESULTS OBTAINED DURING 2001−2003 RESEARCH ACTIVITY

(I) STRING THEORY

__________________________________________

a) AdS/CFT duality__________________________________________

1) Construction of 10d supergravity solutions for systems with wrapped and fractional branes. Examples of duals for non−conformaltheories with N=2,1 and N=0 supersymmetry . In particular, the holographic description of anomalies, beta functions and chiralcondensates is discussed. The string resolution of the singularities that plague some of these solutions has been investigated. (MI), (TO),(TS)

2) Aspects of the BMN limit for operators with large dimensions in the AdS/CFT (pp−waves background):study of boundary states and non supersymmetric or compactified solutions. (TO), (MI), (TS)

3) Higher spin holography: study of higher spin currents for N=4 SYM; Higgs mechanism for higher spin as a clarification of the dualitybetween 3D critical field theories and higher spin theories in AdS4.(LNF), (MI)

4) Tests for the validity of the AdS/CFTcorrespondence based on the comparison of perturbative calculations of correlation functions in N=4 SU(N) SYM to results obtained fromAdS_5*S_5, both in the cases of protected ( no anomalous dimension) and non−protected composite operators. (GE), (MI)

5) Identification of the conformal field theories dual to 10 and 11d supergravity compactifications and study of the Kaluza−Klein spectrum.(TO), (MI)

6) Construction of gauged supergravities relevant for the holographic duality. (TO) (LNF)

___________________________________________

b) Aspects of string compactifications and supergravity___________________________________________

1) Study of non−trivial truncations of extended supergravities to supergravities with lesser supersymmetry. (TO), (LNF)

2) Mechanisms of spontaneous breaking of local supersymmetry. (TO), (LNF)

3) Mechanisms and patterns of partial spontaneous breaking of extended local supersymmetry. (LNF)

4) Supergravity description of de Sitter vacua. (TO)

5) Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in no−scale models and in models with fluxes. (TO)

6) Scherk−Schwarz mechanisms of breaking of supersymmetry in models of string theory and of field theory. (TS)

___________________________________________

c) General aspects of string theory___________________________________________

1) Computation of the R4 term at two Superstring Loops. (TS)

2) Semiclassical decay of strings. (TS)

3) Anomalies in orbifold field theories. Quantum stability of type II orbifolds and orientifolds. (TS)

4) Application of superstring theory to instantonic computations in gauge theories and to the description of N=1/2 ADHM construction. (TO)

5) Long lived massive string states found by numerical study of the decay rate formula, together with a determination of the decay modes.(TS)

6) Analysis of the spectrum of quantized Open String Field Theory in the tachyonic vacuum by means of a new algorithm. (GE)___________________________________________

d) D−brane physics___________________________________________

1) Study of properties and interactions of D−branesusing boundary states. (TO)

2) Study of D−branes coupling to space−time fields fornon−BPS and type O branes. (TO)

___________________________________________

e) Topological string theories___________________________________________

1) Derivation of local Ward identities for the B model of topological strings. These identities show that the holomorphic anomaly oftopological strings does not entail, contrary to what is generally supposed, a supersymmetry anomaly. (GE)

(II) QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES

___________________________________________

f) Gauge theories___________________________________________

1) Supersymmetric gauge theories and matrix models : extension to the case of theories with matter of the Dijkgraaf−Vafa (DV) method ofcomputing chiralquantities of N=1 supersymmetric theories using matrix models; analysis of the geometrical aspects ofDV construction. (MI)

2) Algebraic proof of the non−renormalization theorem for the perturbative beta function of the coupling constant of N=2 super Yang−Millstheory. (GE)

3) String description of self−dual super Yang−Mills theory. (LNF)

___________________________________________

g) Non−commutative quantum field theories

____________________________________________

1) Algebraic study of the most general NC structure consistent with supersymmetry. (LNF), (MI)

2) Formulation of supersymmetric field theories on (non)anti−commutative superspace. (LNF), (MI)

3) Evaluation of the chiral anomaly in NC super−Yang−Mills theory. (MI)

4) Formulation of the NC, integrable sine−Gordon model. (MI)

5) Relation of NC supersymmetric theories to strings in different backgrounds. (LNF)

6) NC quantum mechanics. (LNF)

7) Derivation of the renormalization group equation of the Wilson−Polchinski type for the matrix field theories and NC field theories in theplanar limit. (GE)

8) Clarification of the concept of renormalizability that is appropriate to the non−local framework of NC field theories of the Moyal type inthe limit of large non−commutativity. (GE)

(III) EXTRA−DIMENSIONS AND COSMOLOGY

1) Study of the relation between Randall−Sundrum scenarios and the AdS/CFT correspondence. (MI)

2) Gauge coupling unification and trasmission of supersymmetry breaking in a 5D warped geometry. The results are explained in terms ofthe AdS/CFT correspondence. (MI)

3) Stringy model for inflation based on warped compactifications: model realizing old inflation (no slow−roll) and a curvaton field. Analysis

of the possibility of detecting gravitational waves in this and similar models. (MI)

4) String cosmology: runaway dilaton and equivalence principle violation. (MI)

5) Phenomenological hypothesis that eases some mismatches between theory and observations in the study of galactic structures.According to this idea the gravitational interaction between dark and baryonic matter is suppressed under galactic scales. (MI)

6) Six dimensional model that might solve the standard model hierarchy problem. (TS)

7) Aspects of string−gas cosmology at finite temperature. (TS)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

PROGRAM OF FUTURE RESEARCH

The research lines that have been described above will be further developed. Among the topics that will be attacked in the immediatefuture are:

− AdS/CFT correspondence. PP wave limit. (LNF), (MI), (TO)

− Instanton computations and counting using gaugeand string approaches. (MI), (TO)

− Construction of superstring models with vacua withlesser or none supersymmetry and with fluxes. (LNF), (TO), (TS)

− Supersymmetric gauge theories and matrix models. (GE), (MI)

− Open bosonic string field theory at the tachyonic vacuum. Matrix models of the Konsevitch type as examples of open string field theory.(GE), (MI)

− Renormalization properties and non−local anomalies of (non)−anticommutative supersymmetric gauge theories. (GE), (MI)

− Extra−dimensions,string phenomenology and stringcosmology. (MI), (TO), (TS)


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BERTOLINI Matteo BORUNDA Monica IENGO Roberto SERONE Marco

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Codice Esperimento GruppoOG51 4

Rapp. Naz.: Ferrari Valeria

Rappresentante nazionale: Ferrari ValeriaStruttura di appartenenza: RM1Posizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Sorgenti di Onde Gravitazionali: Teoria e Simulazioni



dal laboratorio

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


Roma1, Trieste, Parma, Ferrara


Durata esperimento 5 ANNI



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: REZZOLLA Luciano


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Funds requested to support collaborations among the groups participating to OG51and meetings

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We request funds to support the visit of Prof. J. A. Font and Dr. O. Zanotti, of the Univ.of Valencia. The funds will cover the travel expenses + a support for local expenses

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These funds will be used to cover the participatipation of the members of our group tointernational meetings and to support the international collaborations we have.

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005MODELING GRAVITATIONAL WAVE SOURCES: THEORY AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

The main objective of this project is the study of potential sources of gravitational radiation. Inparticular, our research focuses on the study of physical processes that are important in determiningthe structure and the evolution of compact stars and black holes, isolated or interacting in binarysystems; we develop the theory needed to describe these processes and the numerical tools andcodes to model them, with the purpose of understanding the underlying physics and ofcharacterizing the emission of Gravitational Waves (GW) in various astrophysical phenomena whichinclude gravitational collapse, stellar oscillations and instabilities, tidal interactions between starsand black holes.For this reason, our collaboration is typically interdisciplinary, involving a number of differentresearch fields ranging from nuclear physics, to astrophysics, general relativity and numericalrelativity.Since our research concerns highly relativistic objects, much of the modeling requires stronglynonlinear regimes which can only be adequatelydescribed through numerical simulations. The groups involved in this application have long−standing experience in applying general relativity to astrophysical problems and in the use of stateof the art numerical and analytical techniques. Much of the work in studying the above sourcesmakes heavy demands on computing resources which can only be met with the use of modernparallel supercomputers. The Albert100 supercomputer in Parma was funded by the INFN (inresponse to an application by the same group making this proposal) in order to provide a dedicatednational resource for numerical relativity. It is a highly valued facility which plays a central role in thisproject, and clearly needs continual maintenance and upgrading as well as having sufficientqualified researchers to make best use of it.

The main topics presently under investigation are:− Early evolution of Proto−Neutron Stars (PNS)− Gravitational waves from tidal interactions− Effects of the equation of state of nuclear matter on stellar structure, oscillations and instabilities− The role of viscosity in stellar pulsations− Further development of the Whisky code to solve the equations of magneto−hydrodynamics (MHD)− Numerical simulations of gravitational collapse− Bar−mode dynamical instability− Determination of the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO) in binary systems of Neutron Stars(NS)

In the following, we shall summarize the main results obtained by each group the past year and theresearch plans for the next year.

**************************************************************************************** ROMA I **********************************

******************************************************************Past Year Results******************************************************************

Our research has focused on the study of physical processes in neutron stars that affect theemission of gravitational waves:− EARLY EVOLUTION OF PROTO−NEUTRON STARSIt has recently been shown that after a few tenths of seconds from a supernova explosion theevolution of the newly born, hot proto−neutron star (PNS) can be considered as quasi−stationary,and can be described by a sequence of equilibrium configurations (Pons, Reddy, Prakash,Lattimer,Miralles, Ap.J. 1999, Pons,Miralles, Prakash, Lattimer, Ap.J. 2000, Pons,Steiner, Prakash, Lattimer,Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001) .Two years ago, using the evolutionary models developed by Pons et al.,we computed how the frequencies at which the star oscillates andemits gravitational waves (i.e. the frequencies of the Quasi−Normal Modes, QNM) change during thefirst minute of life. In this study we assumed that the star does not rotate.Using a perturbative approach in which non radial stellar oscillations are treated as perturbations ofa slowly rotating star, last year we have studied how rotation affects the QNM frequencies, searchingfor instabilities driven by the Chandrasekhar−Friedman−Schutz mechanism (CFS instability). Itshould be stressed that the CFS instability has been studied in the literature only for cold stars(usually assuming a polytropic equation of state), but never for newly born, hot, evolving proto−neutron stars.The problem has been treated at first order in the rotationrate, considering polar perturbations in the Cowling approximation.We find that the fundamental mode (f−mode) does not become unstable during the first minute of lifeof the PNS, whereas the gravity modes (g−modes) which are due to the strong entropy gradientsprevailing in the interior of the PNS can become unstable for relatively small rotation rates; however,preliminary estimates of the growth time of the instability show that it is likely to be suppressed byviscosity.An interesting result is that the frequency of the stable f−mode can be substantially lowered byrotation with respect to the value expected for an old, cold neutron star (which typically is ~ 2−3 kHz);as a consequence, the signal emitted by a newly born, rotating neutron star oscillating in this modeafter its violent birth in a gravitational collapse may enter in the region where ground−basedinterferometers are mostly sensitive.

− HEAT TRANSFER IN NEUTRON STARSWe have developed a perturbative formalism to study non−adiabatic,non−radial oscillations of compact stars including the effects of thermaldiffusion in the framework of General Relativity.

When a general equation of state (EOS) depending on temperature is usedto describe the interior of a NS, a perturbation of the fluid is associated to a heat flux which couplesto the spacetime geometry through the Einstein field equations. Using a relativistic isothermal EOSfor the star in the equilibrium configuration, we have shown thatthe frequencies of the first pressure (p) and gravity (g) oscillation modes are significantly affected bythermal diffusion, while that of the f−mode is basically unaltered due to the global nature of thatoscillation.We further show that in the regime intermediate between isothermal and adiabatic perturbations, thedamping time of the oscillations is generally much smaller than that of the adiabatic case (morethant two orders of magnitude for the p−mode) reflecting the effect of thermal dissipation.

Our formalism finds its natural astrophysical application in the studyof the oscillation properties of newly born proto−neutron stars, which are promising sources ofgravitational waves having frequencies in the band of ground−based interferometric detectors.

−NON LINEAR EFFECTS IN STELLAR PERTURBATIONSDue to the quadrupolar nature of Gravitational waves, radial oscillations of stars are not directelyassociated to the emission of GWs. However, if we consider second order perturbations of Einstein'sequations, they appear to be coupled to non−radial oscillations.The excitation of radial modes can be quite strong in a variety of astrophysical processes, and inaddition these modes have frequencies that are close to those of non radial modes; for this reasonradial oscillations may enhance non−radial oscillations through a resonance mechanisms which isinteresting to investigate.In collaboration with Prof. Marco Bruni of the University of Portsmouth, we have studied the couplingbetween radial and non−radial perturbations of compact stars using the formalism of two−parameternon−linearperturbation theory developed in past years: one parameter is associated to radial perturbations, theother is associated to non−radial ones.We have developed the equations and the strategy for numerical integration, described in a papercurrently in preparation.

− PHASE TRANSITIONS IN NEUTRON STARS: EFFECTS ON GRAVITATIONAL WAVE EMISSIONThe results of a systematic study of deconfinement in the inner core of neutron stars, discussed in athesis and a paper currently in preparation, indicate that when a realistic equation of state is used in

the nucleon sector, the energy balance is extremely sensitive to surface and Coulomb effects. Evenfor relatively small values of the (largely unknown) surface tension of quark matter, sigma ~ 5−10MeV/fm^3, the density range in which the mixed phase of quarks and nucleons is energeticallyfavored turns out to be significantly reduced with respect to the case sigma = 0. At larger values ofthe surface tension the mixed phase disappears altogether, and the stable star configurationconsists of a quark matter core surrounded by nuclear matter, the two phases beingseparated by a sharp interface. It has been argued that the appearanceof such an interface would significantly affect the spectrum of gravitational emission from the star (G.Miniutti, J.A. Pons, E. Berti, L. Gualtieri, and V. Ferrari, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 338 n. 2, 389,2003).

− NEUTRINO EMISSION AND INTERACTIONS IN NEUTRON STARSThe treatment of neutrino−nucleus interactions based on CorrelatedBasis Function (CBF) perturbation theory (O. Benhar, nucl−th/0307061,Nucl. Phys. B Conf. Proc., in press) has been extended to the region of low momentum transfer,relevant to neutron star cooling. Within this approach nuclear dynamics is described by aphenomenological nonrelativistic hamiltonian, fitted to nucleon−nucleon scattering data and to theproperties of few−nucleon bound states. Correlation effects,not included in any mean field description, are consistently taken into account. We have also starteda systematic investigation of different neutrino emmission processes, carried out using the samedynamical input employed in the CBF calculation of the weak response.The first numerical results, including estimates of the neutrino mean free path in neutron star matterand neutrino emissivity due to bremsstrahlung following a nucleon−nucleon interaction, arediscussed in two theses and a paper currently in preparation.We plan to generalize our approach to include the contributions of weak neutral current interactionsand explore the feasibility of its extension to finite temperatures.

******************************************************************Research plan for the coming year******************************************************************

1) GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM TIDAL INTERACTIONRecent astronomical observations show evidence of tidal interactionsbetween stars and black holes. The ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) has observed stars that moveon very elliptical orbits around the supermassive black hole (27 millions of solar masses) at thecenter of our Galaxy, and X−ray satellite CHANDRA has monitored the event of a star disrupted andswollen by the giant black hole (100 millions of solar masses) at the center of the galaxy RXJ1242−11.These and similar phenomena that may take place around supermassive,intermediate mass or stellar mass black holes are certainly accompanied by the emission ofgravitational waves; indeed, the quadrupolemoment of the system star−black hole changes in time both because of the orbital motion andbecause the star, moving along its trajectory,is deformed by the tidal interaction with the black hole (we shall assume that the black hole mass ismuch larger than that of the star).The first contribution, the orbital one, is usually computed usinga perturbative approach assuming that the spacetime geometrygenerated by the more massive black hole is perturbed by the star,considered as a test particle moving along a geodesic.The second contribution, the tidal one, on which our researchwill focus, has not yet been studied in detail in connection to gravitational wave emission; however,in the eighthies a formalism has been developed by Brandom Carter and collaborators (B.Carter,J.P.LuminetA1983, MNRAS 1985, Ap. J. Suppl. 1986, J.P. Luminet, J.A. Marc MNRAS 1985) which allows tocompute the tidal deformation by integrating a set of equations that describe the motion of theelements of stellar fluidunder the action of the tidal tensor (constructed from the Riemanntensor) of the other massive body. These equations are derivedon the assumption that the deformed star maintains an ellipsoidalform (affine model). We plan to integrate these equationsfor different stellar models (and equations of state) anddifferent orbits (open and closed), and we shall compute thegravitational radiation associated to this time−varying deformationusing the quadrupole formalism.Of course, the relativistic equations present a high degree ofcomplexity if the black hole rotates. For this reason, we plan to start with a Schwarzschild black holeand the next year we will generalize the results to a Kerr black hole. We shall consider thedeformation and the consequent gravitational emission of several type of stars, ranging from giantstars, white dwarfs and neutron stars. The possibility that the quasi−normal modes of the variousstars are excited by the tidal interaction will be monitored.It should be mentioned that the radiation emitted as a consequence of

the tidal deformation is expected to be of interest especially for the space based interferometer LISA;however, if the quasi−normal modes of a neutron star could be significantly excited in theseprocessesthey may be interesting for high frequency detectors.

2) EFFECTS OF THE EOS OF NUCLEAR MATTER ON STELLAR OSCILLATIONSWe plan to study how the emission of gravitational waves is affectedby the internal structure of a neutron star.In 1998 Andersson and Kokkotas (N. Andersson, K. D. KokkotasMNRAS 299, 1059 1998) computed the frequencies and the damping timesof the quasi−normal modes for a number of equations of state forsupranuclear matter available at that time (the most recent was theWiringa−Ficks−Fabrocini EOS, which dates back to 1985). They fitted thedata with appropriate functions of the macroscopical parameters of thestar, i.e. the radius and the mass, and suggested that theseempirical relations could be used to put constraints on theseparameters if the frequency of one (or more) of the modes could befound through gravitational wave detection. It should be stressed that, while the mass of a neutronstar can be determined with a good accuracy if the star is in a binary system, the same cannot besaid for the radius which, at present, is very difficult to determine through astronomical observations;GW detection could help in putting constraints on the radius of neutron stars, and consequently onthe EOS of nuclear matter; ideed, in the core of a neutron star densities and pressures are reachedthat cannot be reproduced in experiments in a laboratory. Atpresent, a number of new EOS have been proposed to describe densematter at supranuclear densities; some of them allow the formation ofa core of quarks or hyperons, and it is interesting to verify whetherthe empirical relations derived by Andersson and Kokkotas are stillappropriate to describe this kind of stars, or whether they need to bemodified. In thisstudy the star will be considered as non rotating. Indeed we know thatthe next correction to the mode frequencies would be quadratic in theangular velocity.As an extension of this program, in the following year we plan to construct the correspondingmodels of rotating NS by expanding to third order in the angular velocity the relativistic equations ofstellar structure using the Hartle−Thorne formalism. The purpose of this study will be to compute themass shedding velocity (i.e. the maximum velocity at which the star can rotate without sheddingmass at the equator) and the moment of inertia.

As far as the EOS of supranuclear matter is concerned,we plan generalize our study of neutrino−nucleus interactions basedon Correlated Basis Function (CBF) perturbation theoryto include the contributions of weak neutral current interactions and explore the feasibility of itsextension to finite temperatures, which is important to study the structure of young neutron stars.

3) THE ROLE OF VISCOSITY IN STELLAR PERTURBATIONSOscillations of neutron stars are usually studied on the assumption that the star is composed by aperfect fluid. When dissipative effects, like viscosity, have to be taken into account it is custom to usethe following approach: solve the equations of stellar perturbations for a perfect fluid star, and usethe results to compute "a posteriori" quantities related to dissipation (like the dissipation dampingtime).Then, in order to establish whether the oscillations of the star are damped by the emission ofgravitational waves or by viscosity, the damping times associated to the two processes (say tau_gand tau_d) and indipendently computed are compared:if tau_d >> tau_g, dissipation is negligible and gravitational wavesplay a dominant role in dissipating the available energy.The problem is that this approach only gives a qualitative estimateof the effect of viscosity and cannot be sufficient to understand crucial issues, like the effect ofviscosity on unstable modes.In particular, it is interesting to study the r−mode instability of rotating neutron stars, which may play acrucial role in limiting the maximum angular velocity of young neutron stars, and could be a strongsource of gravitational radiation; however, its relevance is still under debate, and to clarify this issue,advances are needed in two directions: firstly, the effects of viscosity on neutron star instabilitiesmust bestudied in a more rigorous and consistent way including the effect of viscosity directly in theequations of stellar perturbations; second,more reliable estimates of the viscosity coefficients ofthe star must be found (the shear viscosity coefficient whichis commonly used in the literature dates back to the seventies).We plan to investigate in both directions. We will study the r−mode instability of rotating neutronstars, by generalizing the relativistic equations of stellar perturbations in order to take into account

viscosity consistently. At this stage of the work, we will neglect the coupling between perturbationswith axial and polar symmetry: we will consider only axial perturbations (which is the symmetry of r−modes). This is the only approximation we will do; in particular, differently by most authors, we shallconsider both metric and fluid perturbations, and we will not neglect high frequency terms.We shall start considering the shear viscosity contribution (whichis expected to be relevant at T < 10^8 K), and only later wewill consider bulk viscosity (which should be relevant atT > 10^9 K), because the latter enters in theequations through terms we neglect at this stage, i.e. theterms that couple axial and polar perturbations.Our goal is to determine under which conditions viscosity actually suppresses the instability.

As an extension of this work we plan to study the microphysicsof neutron stars in order to compute more accurately theviscosity coefficients. In our approach, based on nuclearmany−body theory, both the collision term in the transport equationand the nucleon effective mass in the definition of the phase spaceare evaluated, using the same realistic nucleon−nucleon potential employed to obtain the equationof state.

************************************************************************************** TRIESTE ************************************************************************************************Past Year Results******************************************************************

In the past 12 months the research in SISSA has progressed along threemain research lines given by: numerical relativity simulations,discoseismology of massive discs, and physics of proto−neutron stars(PNSs) and neutron stars (NSs), respectively. Summarized below are themain results obtained.

− NUMERICAL RELATIVITY SIMULATIONSA new parallel, general relativistic hydrodynamics code in threedimensions (3D), the "Whisky" code, has been built in collaboration withother European Institutes, and in particular with the Albert EinsteinInstitute in Golm. Besides the effort invested in the development code,great care has also been paid to a thorough and extensive testingwhich has revealed the ability of the code to carry out accurate andlong−term evolutions of relativistic compact objects. As a firstapplication of Whisky, we have investigated the gravitational collapse ofuniformly rotating neutron stars to Kerr black holes. The initialstellar models were modelled as relativistic polytropes either secularlyor dynamically unstable and with angular velocities which ranged fromslow rotation to the mass−shedding limit. We have studied not only thedynamics of the matter but also that of the trapped surfaces (apparentand event horizons). The use of these surfaces, together with thedynamical horizon framework, has allowed for a precise measurement of theblack hole mass and spin. The ability to successfully perform thesesimulations for sufficiently long times has relied on excising a regionof the computational domain which includes the singularity and is withinthe apparent horizon. We have found that the dynamics of the collapsingmatter is strongly influenced by the initial amount of angular momentumin the progenitor star and, for initial models with sufficiently highangular velocities, the collapse can lead to the formation of an unstabledisc in differential rotation.

− DISCOSEISMOLOGY OF MASSIVE DISCSWe have recently investigated the nonlinear dynamics of high−densitythick tori around Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes using generalrelativistic numerical calculations in 2D. In particular, we have shownthat if perturbations are introduced, these systems may either becomeunstable to the runaway instability or may exhibit a oscillatorybehaviour with a quasi−periodic variation of the mass quadrupole. Thelatter would lead to the emission of intense gravitational radiationwhose S/N ratio at the detector would be comparable with that typicallyexpected from stellar−core collapse. In connection with this, we havestudied the axisymmetric p−mode oscillations of geometrically thick discsaround black holes as an eigenvalue problem. The results obtained haveclarified many of the features observed in the fully numericalsimulations and could have applications both in the phenomenology ofX−ray binary systems and in the development of the runaway instability.

− PHYSICS OF PNSsWe have investigated the turbulent mean−field dynamo action inprotoneutron stars that are subject to convective and neutron fingerinstabilities. While the first one develops mostly in the inner regionsof the star, the second one is favoured in the outer regions, where theRossby number is much smaller and a mean−field dynamo action is moreefficient. By solving the mean−field induction equation we have computedthe critical spin period below which no dynamo action is possible andfound it to be ~ 1 s for a wide range of stellar models. Because thiscritical period is substantially longer than the characteristic spinperiod of very young pulsars, we have found that a mean−field dynamocould be effective for most PNSs.

******************************************************************Research plan for the coming year******************************************************************

In the coming year we plan to further develop the research described sofar, combining numerical codes with analytical, perturbative techniques.

− NUMERICAL RELATIVITY SIMULATIONSThe Whisky code has been constructed to be an astrophysical "laboratory"and our future strategy with it will be two−folded. On the one hand weplan to further develop it through the solution of the equations ofrelativistic MHD and the implementation of fixed mesh−refinement (FMR)techniques. On the other hand, we will use it to investigate the dynamicsof a number of sources of gws. Part of this work will be carried out incollaboration with scientists in other European institutes and in theUSA, thus justifying the request of funds for travel abroad.

1) GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSEOne among such problems is a more detailed investigation of thegravitational collapse under more generic and realistic conditions. Inparticular, all of the simulations performed with uniformly rotatinginitial data and a polytropic equation of state (EOS) show no evidence ofshocks or the presence of matter on stable orbits outside the blackhole. Both conclusions may change if non−isentropic equations of stateare used and if the initial stellar models rotate differentially. Becauseof this we plan to make use of Whisky to investigate:

a) Collapse of differentially rotating NSsb) Collapse of rotating NSs with a realistic EOSc) Collapse of magnetized rotating NSs

All of these scenarios are challenging problems in numerical relativity,but will share some of the dynamical features encountered in the collapseof uniformly rotating NSs. However, modifications of Whisky will also benecessary, either for the definition of new initial data, the inclusionof a realistic EOS, or for the treatment of the intense electromagneticfields produced during the collapse. Finally, the use of FMR techniqueswill be fundamental to push the outer−boundaries in the wave−zone andextract the gw signal produced by the collapse.

2) BAR−MODE DYNAMICAL INSTABILITYUsing Whisky, we plan to simulate the onset and development of dynamicalinstability to bar−mode deformation in a rapidly rotating neutron star.While the existence of this instability is widely accepted, the strengthof the gravitational waves emitted remains to be established as does theactual waveform. The growth timescale of the instability is alsouncertain. This cannot be evaluated by means of perturbative analyses butcan be estimated rather accurately with a full GR 3D code such as Whisky.

3) DYNAMICAL DETERMINATION OF THE ISCO IN BINARY SYSTEMS OF NSsUsing Whisky, we plan to determine the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO) of binary NSs by performing numerical evolutions of binary systemsin quasi−equilibrium. As initial models we will consider polytropes ofdifferent compactions and separations, in both corotational andirrotational equal−mass binaries. Since the gw signal is expected toundergo a transition from a nearly periodic ``chirp'' to a burst atroughly twice the ISCO frequency, the determination of the ISCO will beof great importance both for the detection as well as for estimation ofthe properties of the binary system. Besides being a very challenging

problem in numerical relativity, the level of resolution as well as theneed of having distant outer boundaries will also stretch thecomputational resources necessary for this project. As a result, theprogress made in Whisky with FMR techniques will be of great advantage ifnot essential. Work in this direction is already in progress.

4) PHYSICS OF PNSs AND NSsAlthough PNSs are formed with high temperatures, intense magnetic fieldsand most likely with strong differential rotation, they cool down rapidlyand shear viscosity redistributes angular momentum so that the eventualNS is essentially cold and rotating uniformly. Determining in detail thetimescale and the way in which this asymptotic state is reached is ofgreat importance for understanding PNSs. To investigate this, we willproceed by means of a 1D modelling of the Navier−Stokes equations,coupled to those of non−ideal MHD to assess the role of the shearviscosity and differential rotation in the evolution of magnetic fieldsand to study the back−reaction of the latter on the rotational history.Furthermore, young NSs just formed in supernovae, or as a result ofbinary NS coalescence, cannot be described accurately as "cold" objects.Because of this and because of the gw emission expected from theseobjects, we will produce a new finite−temperature EOS by using consistentand continuous methodology over a wide density range, avoiding theproblems arising from joining together a number of different EOSs derivedfor different density ranges. To do this we will examine a variety ofphenomenological models proposed for nucleon−nucleon interactionpotentials (e.g. Skyrme models, SMO models and others).

******************************************************************

*********************** PARMA ****************************************************************************************************Past Year Results and Research plan for the coming year******************************************************************

Most studies on gravitational wave sources make heavy use of computingresources, which can only be provided by modern parallel computing. TheAlbert100 supercomputer funded by INFN in 2002 (see e.g. http://www.fis.unipr.it/~onofri/albert101.html,http://www.pr.infn.it/albert100/) has been continuously operating and hasproduced the first valuable results.

The main role of the Parma group in the collaboration OG51 consists in managing the computingresources for the whole collaboration, from design to the daily care of the facilities. At present we areinstalling an upgrade of the machine, consisting of 32 2GHz−64−bit processors linked by a fastnetwork ("Infiniband").

So far, Albert100 has been used heavily by the group in SISSA to performaccurate testing of the new 3D, parallel general relativistic hydrodynamics code, the "Whisky" code.In particular, it has been used to study the linear and nonlinear dynamics of isolated relativistic starsand the development of instabilities in high−density tori orbiting around a Schwarzschild black hole.A number of papers have been produced through the use of this facility (see the bibliography of theTrieste group).

In order to explore other possibilities which could improve performances, the group in Parma (atpresent E.O. alone with some non−INFN collaborators, hopefully improving in the near future) willexamine the feasibility of porting some relativistic codes on APE/next computers. Another group inParma is active in the INFN APE special project, and a concentration of efforts appears to bepromising, since APE/next could provide a tenfold speedup (or more, for the full machine).

*******************************************i************************************** FERRARA **********************************************************************************In Ferrara there is a very small group actually composed by only one member, who dedicates 25%of his research time to this project.The results of the past year are summarized in a talk givenat the Meeting of Santa Fe (New Mexico), title: "Gravitational Waves and GRBs from Tidal Disruptionof Stars in the Center of Galaxy" (gr−qc/0404049)) to appear in the Proceedings, were a method hasbeen developed to evaluate if a resonant antenna like AURIGA can detect gravitational wavesemitted by the black hole at the center of Galaxy.

The research plan is the following. In the past years several interesting papers have been publishedthat concern the status of matter in a strong gravitational field. Among them a series of paper byAlexander Gorbatsievich (Acta Physica Polonica B16 (1985) 21; B17 (1986) 111; B20 (1989) 700;

Experim. Techn. d. Phys 34 (1986) 77; Ann. d.Phys. 48 (1991) 112) that consider the modificationsof atomic levels, and by Colella, Overhauser e Werner (Observation of gravitationally inducedquantum interference − Phys.Rev.Lett. 34, 1472 (1975)), that study the interaction with a strongravitational field of neutron de Broglie waves. Proceeding along the path traced by these works weplan to study the effects that the intense gravitational field of the supermassive black hol


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Tecnol. 12345

BAIOTTI Luca GIACOMAZZO Bruno MILLER John C. MONTERO Pedro REZZOLLA Luciano

Bors.Bors.P.A.Bors.P.A.

44444

25100407575


00

NTECNICI

Cognome e Nome



Assoc.tecnica


53.15


00







Codice Esperimento GruppoPD51 4

Rapp. Naz.: Sabino MATARRESE

Rappresentante nazionale:Sabino MATARRESEStruttura di appartenenza:PDPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Fisica astroparticellare: cosmologia.



dal laboratorio

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Inflazione, materia oscura, struttura dell'Universo su grande scala.

Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


FE, PD, PI, RM2, TS


Durata esperimento 3 anni



StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: BORGANI Stefano


VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Parziale copertura per le spese di partecipazione ad un congresso per ciascuno degliafferenti a PD51−TS.

4,0

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Nel 2004, PD51 della sez. di TS si e` accresciuta notevolmente e per il 2005 si prevede che sara` costitutita da almeno 6 unita`, trapersonale di staff, ricercatori a contratto, post−doc e studenti di dottorato. Per tale motivo il preventivo di spesa dovra` necessariamenteessere ritoccato rispetto a quello fatto per il 2004 per quanto riguarda le spese di missione.



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3,08,0

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005INFLATION, DARK MATTER, AND THE LARGE−SCALE STRUCTUREOF THE UNIVERSE

The goal of this research project is to investigatethe interconnection between particle physics andcrucial aspects of the standard Big−Bang cosmologicalmodel. In particular, we are actively investigating aspects of inflation in the Early Universe, the nature of dark matter and dark energy.Particular emphasis is given tothe present−day and future observations of the CosmicMicrowave Background (CMB) radiation, the study of the Large−Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe and theindirect signatures of DM candidates coming from future experiments.

1) INFLATION: THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS AND OBSERVATIONAL TESTS

We investigate the testable predictions ofinflationary models of the early Universe and theirfeedback on particle−physics models.We focus on:− inflationary models and particle−physics, withparticular emphasis on supersymmetry and theories withextra−dimensions (brane−world);− nature (adiabatic and/or isocurvature), statistics(Gaussian or non−Gaussian) and spectral properties ofdensity perturbations produced by vacuum oscillationsduring inflation; spectral properties of the stochasticgravitational−wave background generated by quantumfluctuations of the metric during inflation.

Observations of CMB anisotropies (both from present−dayand ongoing experiments, such as BOOMERanG, MAXIMA−I,DASI, CBI, ARCHEOPS, WMAP, etc., and future ones, such as Planck), as well as investigations of the LSS of the Universe from existingand future large galaxy surveys(such as 2dF, SDSS, etc.) will provide accuratedeterminations of cosmological parameters, includingthose more relevant for particle−physics.We focus on:− CMB: determination of inflaton potential parameters(slow−roll parameters via constraints on scalar andtensor spectral indices, tensor/scalar ratio, etc...)and study of possible signatures of physics beyond the

standard model (e.g. CP violation, primordial magneticfields, etc..)− LSS: complementary tests coming from statistics oflarge galaxy redshift surveys, analysis of galaxycluster datasets, study of Ly−alpha forest in quasar absorption spectra, etc..

2) DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY: ASTROPHYSICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL ASPECTS

We study the astrophysical and cosmologicalproperties of dark matter (DM) and dark energy; theirinfluence on the formation of structure (from galaxyhalos to LSS) and on CMB anisotropies.We focus on:− particle−physics properties of DM candidates as inferred from their distribution at different scales;− DM distribution in galaxy halos and consequencesfor DM search experiments;− theoretical predictions of indirect signatures ofDM candidates, in connection with future experimentssuch as PAMELA, AGILE and GLAST;− cosmological and particle physics properties of dynamical dark energy models.

A particular aspect of our activity concernstraining students and young researchers in the areaof astroparticle physics in collaboration withthe Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa.Within this activity we have so far organizedthe `Pisa Seminar on Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology'(Spring 2003), the `Pisa Seminar on Radiations in the Universe' (fall 2003) and the `Pisa Seminar on new directions in Physics beyond theStandard Model' (Spring 2004).


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Tecnol. 123456

ACQUAVIVA Viviana BACCIGALUPI Carlo BORGANI Stefano GIOVI Fabio PERROTTA Francesca TORNATORE Luca

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Rapp. Naz.: Sabino Matarrese






Codice Esperimento GruppoPG31 4

Rapp. Naz.: Ciofi degli Atti C.

Rappresentante nazionale: Ciofi degli Atti C.Struttura di appartenenza: PGPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Interazione leptone adrone ad alta e media energia.



dal laboratorio

PG31

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e

caratteristiche)


Apparatostrumentale

utilizzato


GE, PG, RM2, TS


Durata esperimento



StrutturaTS




VOCIDI




SJ di cui SJ Missioni 0,5

0,5

Missioni e congressi 1,0

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Title: THE STRUCTURE OF HADRONS AND HADRONIC MATTER

The national and international scientific frameworks within which the Project will carry on itsactivity, is what is called nowadays HADRONIC PHYSICS, i.e. the set of those experimental and theoreticalfields of physics aimed at understanding the structure of hadrons, their mutual interactions, the mechanismof formation of hadronic matter and its properties at high density and temperature, within theoretical approaches based upon QCDmotivated models andrealistic many body descriptions of complex systems [1−3]. Within such a framework particle−particle, particle−nucleus andnucleus−nucleus scattering at sufficiently high values of the momentum transfer, such that linear dimensions ofthe order of the dimension of the nucleon are involved, are the most powerful tools to investigate the short range structure of hadrons andhadronic matter. Elastic, inelastic and deep inelastic scattering provide unique information on various types of hadron structure functions,e.g. the form factors, the spin independent and spin dependent structure functions, the generalizedparton distributions, etc, whose knowledge allows one to investigate the partonic structure of hadrons. As for hadronic matter (atomicnuclei), at high values of Q^2the concept of independent motion of structureless nucleons has to be released, and various effects, e.g., initial state nucleon−nucleoncorrelations, the excitation of baryonic resonances , medium modification effects and quark degrees of freedom, have to be taken intoconsideration. Moreover, particle−nucleus and nucleus−nucleus scattering at ultrarelativistic energies may provide the possibility to createnew states of matter, e.g. the quark−gluon plasma.

Given the above considerations, the main interrelated goals of the Project are:i) the development of theoretical models to describe hadrons and hadronic matter;ii) the theoretical investigation of lepton−hadron,hadron−hadron, hadron−nucleus and nucleus−nucleus collisions;iii) the investigation of hadronic matter at high density.Along these main directions, various, but mutually interacting topics, were and will be investigated, namely:

1) Calculation of the ground state energy, density and momentum distributions of nuclei within a new linked cluster expansion usingrealistic nucleon−nucleon potentials (COLLABORATION: PG31(Perugia) and Sapporo Gaukin University, Japan (H. Morita)).

It is by now realized that the investigation of the properties of hadronic matter by intermediate and high energy scattering processes,cannot be based upon simple models for the nuclear wave function. This has motivated the search for a relatively straightforwardapproach to generate realistically enough nuclear wave functions which could be used in the calculation of various scattering processesoff nuclei at high energy, without being involved in the full complexity of the nuclear many−body problem. The approach is based upon anew type of linked cluster and number conserving expansion. The ground state energy, density and momentum distributions of 16O and40 Ca have been calculated obtaining results in reasonable agreement with the ones obtained within the Fermion Hypernetted Chainapproximation using the same interaction (V8'). The obtained wave functions have been used to calculate various high energy scatteringprocesses [4−6]

2) Electromagnetically induced one− two− hadron emission off few−nucleon systems: effects of initial state correlations and final stateinteractions

(COLLABORATION: PG31 (Perugia), Dubna, Russia (L. Kaptari) and Jlab, USA (CLAS Collaboration))

The processes 2H(e,e'p)n, 3He(e,e'p)X, and 3He(e,e'N)2N have been theoretically investigated using realistic three body wave functions,and treating the final state interaction within a Feynman diagram approach, using a generalized eikonal approximation in which thelongitudinal momentum transfer component, disregarded in the Glauber−eikonal approach, is taken into account. By this way the effect ofnuclear dynamics on the scattering process is taken into account and the Glauber frozen approximation released. The approach does notcontain any adjustable parameter and the agreement with existing experimental data is very good. The calculations have been made inclose contact with the experimental groups from the Jlab where the first preliminary experimental data of the processes we haveconsidered have been very recently obtained[7−11].

3) The propagation of highly virtual hadrons in the medium(COLLABORATION: PG31 (Perugia, Trieste), Dubna (L. Kaptari), St. Petersburg University, Russia (M. Braun) and Sapporo University(H. Morita))

The problem of a correct treatment of the propagation of a highly virtual hadron in the medium is far from being satisfactorily solved. Wehave developed a method motivated by the consideration that in lepton−nucleus quasi−elastic scattering processes the hit nucleon, whichpropagates in the hadronic medium after the absorption of the virtual photon, is strongly off−shell (particularly at values of the Bjorkenscaling variable x>1), so that a correct treatment of the final state interaction, would necessitate the consideration of the interaction of anhighly virtual hadron with the nucleons of the medium. Translated to another language, one has to take into account the finite formationtime of the hit hadron before it reinteracts with a bound nucleon. This has been achieved by a Feynman diagram approach allowing thenucleon−nucleon scattering amplitudes to explicitly depend upon the nucleon virtuality. The main effect of the introduction of the virtuality(or finite formation time) effects is the replacement of the theta function in front of the Glauber profile by a new function which dependsupon Q^2 in such a way that at large values of Q^2 FSI effects vanish.The approach is physically remnant of the QCD prediction of vanishing hadron−hadron cross section in the hadronic medium at highvalues of Q^2 (the colour transparency effect), but the formal treatment of the process presents several advantages with respect to theusual treatment of color transparency.[12−13]

4) Deep−inelastic scatering off nuclei: hadronization and propagation of highly virtual quarks in the medium(COLLABORATION: PG31(Perugia). Max−Planck Institute, Heidelberg (B. Kopeliovich), Dubna (L. Kaptari))

We have attacked the problem of the calculation of the propagation and hadronization of a highly virtual quark which is formed by a deepinelastic porocess off a nucleon bound in the nuclear medium. To this end we have obtained an effective cross section describing theinteraction of the nucleon debris, created in the deep inelastic scattering process, with the other nucleons of the medium. Such a crosssection describes the process of hadronization of the debris and has been obtained within the framework of the color string model, wherethe breaking of the string creates a series of pions, taking into account pion production by gluon bremsstrahlung employing thecolor−dipole picture where each gluon is replaced by a color−octet q−qbar pair. Using such a cross section the survival probability of theA−1 nucleus has been calculated and shown to be very sensitive to the details of the initial stage of hadronization. Calculations for thedeep inelastic process off the deuteron with detection of a recoiling nucleon have also been performed: the results have been included inthe TJlab eperimental proposal E03−012 recently approved by the PAC. C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. Kaptari and B. Kopeliovich have been askedto be members of the group performing the experiment (first preliminary data have already appeared) to provide theoretical support[14−16]

5) The neutron magnetic form factor and quasi−elastic polarized electron scattering off polarized three−nucleon systems.(COLLABORATION: PG31(Roma1, Roma2), A. Kievsky (Pisa), H. Gao (NCU−TJLAB))

This research is performed within a wide international collaboration, which includes researchers of many universities and researchinstitutions from both USA and Europe. The aim is the extraction of the neutronmagnetic form factor from transverse asymmetry measurements of polarized electrons scattered by polarized 3He target. The experiment,performed at TJLAB, covered the kinematical range Q^2= [0.1 − 0.6] (GeV/c)^2.As a first step, we calculated the cross sections within the Plane Wave Impulse Approximation (PWIA), using as an essential ingredientthe polarized spectral functions of the three−nucleon system. The analysis of the experimentalasymmetry performed through our PWIA results allowed the estraction of the neutron magnetic form factor for Q^2 in the range 0.3−0.6(GeV/c)^2. As a second step, we are presently calculating the response functions taking exactly care of the interaction in the final statebetween the knocked out nucleon and the interacting residual nucleon pair in the two−body break channel. Relativistic effects in theelectromagnetic current and in the kinematics are also included. The presents results, obtained at low momentum transfer, Q^2= [0.1 −0.2] (GeV/c)^2, nicely describe the measured asymmetry at the quasi peak and in the low energy transfer region. A preliminary report iscontained in [17].

6) The structure of hadrons within a front−form relativistic approach.(COLLABORATION: PG31(Roma1, Roma2), A. Molotchkov (Giessen U.), J.P.B.C. de Melo (S. Paulo U.), T. Frederico e W.R.B. Araujo(ITA−CTA(Brasil))).

Within the framework of the front−form Hamiltonian dynamics, an explicit model for the electromagnetic current operator has beenobtained, which fulfils covariance under Poincare', parity and time−reversal transformations, as well as the Hermiticity requirement andthe continuity equation.This current operator allows one to evaluate hadron elastic and transition form factors, without the ambiguities of previous relativisticmodels.The covariant current operator, with explicit two−body current contributions, will be applied to the nucleon case,including Constituent Quark form factors. The same current, with the same Constituent Quark form factors will then be used to investigatethe transition form factors from the nucleon to the main baryonic resonances.The pion electromagnetic form factor has been calculated in the space− and time−like regions from −10 $(GeV/c)^2$ up to 10$(GeV/c)^2$,. The dressed photon vertex, where a photon decays in a quark−antiquark pair, has been depicted generalizing the vectormeson dominance ansatz, by means of a realistic model for the vector meson vertex functions.

An important feature of our model is the description of theon−mass−shell vertex functions in the valence sector, both for the pion and the vector mesons, through thefront−form wave functions obtained with a realistic constituent quark mass operator. The theoretical results show an excellent agreementwith the data in the space−like region, while in the time−like region the description is quite encouraging [18].The model is currently extended to the nucleon case.

7) Generalized parton distributions: the structure ofthe proton and light nuclei explored in hard exclusiveprocesses.(COLLABORATION: PG31 (Perugia), V. Vento, S. Noguera (Valencia))The study of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), which can be measured in hard exclusive processes, permits to access severalcrucial features of the structure of the nucleon, such as its angular momentum content.In a constituent quark model, a detailed analysis of the helicity independent GPDs for the nucleon has been carried out [19,20], taking intoaccount also the effects of the finite size and complex structure of the constituent quarks [21,22].The next step in this direction, in collaborationwith the group of Valencia, will be the proper introductionof relativistic effects into the scheme.Recently, it has been observed that measuring GPDs for nuclei could help to understandthe reaction mechanism of DIS off nuclei, and the nuclear structure at short distances.The same information can be accessed in principlethrough DIS off nuclei at high valuesof the Bjorken variable, x_Bj, in particular at x_Bj>1.Unortunately, in the latter situation the cross section is vanishingly small, so that the interpretation of data is difficult.This problem does not arise for hard exclusive processes,governed by GPDs. In fact, in this case, by properly choosing the kinematics, if the Impulse Approximation (I.A.) were valid, it would bepossible to select regions where the main contribution to the relevant observables comes from fast nucleons, even if the interactingquarks carry a small fraction of the total longitudinal momentum. In this situation, the vanishing of the cross sectionwould be governed by the high momentum tail of the nuclearmomentum distributions only. Any deviation from the expected behavior would be an indication of the drawbacks of the I.A. analysis ofdeep inelastic phenomena, such as the presence of non−nucleonic degrees of freedom in the nuclear wave function.In this respect, the calculation of the helicity independentGPD of ^3He has been completed, in I.A., by using a realistic spectral function [23]. It has been observed that the experimental study ofthe GPDs of ^3He would permit to access information on the short distance structure of ^3He and on the reaction mechanism.Further analysis is necessary to estimate cross sectionsrelevant to the planning of experiments, and to calculatethe helicity dependent GPDs, to study the possibility of extracting the information on the angular momentum structure of the free neutronfrom polarized ^3He.

8) Axial couplings of the baryon octet and the spin structure of the nucleon.(COLLABORATION: PG31(Perugia), NA48(Perugia))

We are in the process of analysing all available rates for beta and muonic decays of the hyperons (up to and including small componentsin the currents and e.m. corrections) to complement the data on the axial couplings from the decay asymmetries. The scope of this work,born out of the plan on the part of the NA48 Collaboration at CERN to measure the XI^0 beta decay, is to determine |V_us| independentlyof the K decay data and to arrive at a determination of the constant a_8 entering the EJ sum rule for g_1^p+g_1^n.With respect to these latter we are developing a parametrization which can be both compatible with the Regge behaviours expected atvery low x and evolving according to the Altarelli−Parisi evolution equations of pQCD. Such a parametrization is sought in order tominimize the extrapolation errors to x = 0 usually associated with the tests of the sum rules for the structure functions g_1.

9)Small x and QCD at high partonic densities.(COLLABORATION: PG31(Trieste), M.Braun, Department of Theoretical Physics, St. Petersburg University, Russia, and Department ofParticle Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; ALICE).

The large parton densities in high energy hadron−nucleus and nucleus−nucleus collisions lead to sizable rates of events where severalpartons collide with large momentum transfer in a typical inelastic event. Multiple parton collisions are in fact foreseen as the leadingmechanism for production of multiple pairs of heavy quarks. The sizable rate of events with multiple content of heavy quarks allow inparticular the creation of exotic states, as hadronic states with a multiple content of heavy quarks. Preliminary estimates of the probabilityof binding two b quarks into a diquark and of dressing this diquark into a b−b−ubar−dbar tetraquark give encouraging results at the LHC.The research project aims at a careful estimate of the production rates, keeping into account the experimental conditions in a realisticway.

The leading terms of multiple parton collisions correspond to independent parton interactions, where each parton interacts with at most asingle target parton and all correlations between partons from the same nucleus are neglected, in such a way that only one−partondensities are needed. In this scheme the parton distribution functions are universal quantities applicable in all collinearly factorizableprocesses.The Cronin effect in pA collisions might be considered as a process where this simplest scheme, which is at the basis of severaltheoretical approaches to AA collisions, is no more adequate, as in most explanations the effect results because of the multipleinteractions of each projectile parton with the partons of the target. A problem which we address in this research project is the carefulevaluation of the Cronin effect, taking properly into account the role of the large momentum tale of the nuclear wave function in theprocess.

As for the future of the Collaboration, the following activities will continue:

1) further developments of theoretical methods to obtain reasonably realistic wave functions for many nucleon systems and appropriateapproaches to take final state interactions in high energy particle−nucleus and nucleus−nucleus scattering;

2) QCD−motivated calculations of the properties (form factors, structure functions, generalized parton distributions);

3) investigation of QCD predicted effects in nuclei(hadronization, colour transparency, etc);

4) the effects of the large momentum tale of the nuclear wave function in hadron−nucleus and nucleus−nucleus production processes withlarge momentum transfer will be investigated.

To this end particular attention will be paid to the following integrated activity:the wave functions obtained in 1), together with the hadron structure functions obtained in 2) will be used to investigate points 3) and 4).

REFERENCES

[1] S. Boffi, C. Ciofi degli Atti and M. Giannini. Eds.Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference in Perspectives in Hadronic Physics, ICTP, Trieste, May 2001, Nuclear Physics, A699(2002).

S. Boffi, C. Ciofi degli Atti and M. Giannini. Eds.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference in Perspectives in Hadronic Physics, ICTP, Trieste, May 2003, Springer Verlag (2003)

[2] Workshop on Future Physics at HERA, Eds. G. Ingelman et al (1996); The Science Driving 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF, 2000.

[3] J. Bertch, S. J. Brodsky, A. S. Goldhaber and J. G. Gunion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47(1981)267;A. Mueller, in Proceedings of the 17th Rencontre de Moriond, Ed. By J. Tranh Thanh Van (Editions Frontieres, Gif−sur−Yvette, 1982),p.13

[4} M. Alvioli, M. A. Braun, C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. P. Kaptari, H. Morita and D. Treleani, "Final State Interaction in exclusive quasi−elasticprocesses" in Perspectives on theoretical nuclear physics− Proceedings of the "VII Convegno su problemi di fisica nucleare teorica",World Scientific (2001)p.311

[5] M. Alvioli,C. Ciofi degli Atti, H. Morita , "Realistic calculations of correlations and final state interaction effects in the A(e,e'p)X processoff complex nuclei", invited talk at 2nd International Conference on Nuclear and Particle Physics with CEBAF at Jlab, Dubrovnik, 26−31May, 2003e−Print Archive: nucl−th/0309086

[6] M. Alvioli, C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. Kaptari, H. Morita"Realistic calculations of one− and two−hadronemission processes off few− and many−body nuclei”, invited talk at the 6th International Workshop on Electromagnetically inducedtwo−hadron emission, Pavia, September 24−27, 2003e−print Archive nucl−th/0312123

[7]L. Kaptari and C. Ciofi degli Atti, "Nucleon Nucleon Correlations and Final State Interaction Effects in Inclusive and Exclusive LeptonScattering off few−Nucleon Systems", Nuclear Physics A699 (2001)49C

[8]C. Ciofi degli Atti and L. P. Kaptari ," Ground state correlations and Final State interaction in the process 3He(e,e'2p)n" , Phys. Rev. C66 (2002)044004

[9] C. Ciofi degli Atti, "Initial State Correlations and Final State Interaction in Exclusive Electron Scattering off Few−NucleonSystems",Invited Talk at the Fifth Workshop on Electromagnetically Induced Two−Hadron Emission, Lund 13−16, June, 2001, in press

[10]C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. P. Kaptari, "Realistic calculations of exclusive A(e,e’p)X processes off few−body nuclei", presented at theInternational Workshop on Probing Nucleons and Nuclei via the (e,e’p) Reaction. Grenoble, October 14−17, 2003. To appear in theProceedings.Preprint Archive, nucl−th/0312043

[11] C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. Kaptari and D. Treleani:"Effects of the final state interation in the elettrodisintegration of the deuteron at intermediate and high energies", Phys. Rev. C63 (2001)044601.

[12]H. Morita, M. Braun, C. Ciofi degli Atti, and D. Treleani,"Finite Formation Time Effects in Exclusive and Semi−Inclusive Electro−disintegration of Few−Body Nuclei" Nucl. Phys. A699 (2002)328c.

[13] M. Braun, C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. P. Kaptari, "Rescattering and Finite Formation Time Effects in Electrodisintegration of the Deuteron inthe Cumulative Region", Eur. P. J A19 (2004) 143−146

[14]C. Ciofi degli Atti, B. Kopeliovich"Final state interaction in semi−inclusive DIS off Nuclei"Eur.Phys.J.A17 (133) 2003.

[15] C. Ciofi degli Atti, L.P. Kaptari, B.Z. Kopeliovich, "Final state interaction effect in seminclusive DIS off the deuteron",

Eur.Phys.J.A19:145−151,2004

[16] S. Kuhn , C. Keppel, W. Melnitchouk (spokespersons), C. Ciofi degli Atti,L. Kaptari et al, The structure of the free neutron viaspectator tagging, Jefferson Lab Proposal. E03−012.

[17] A. Kievsky, E. Pace and Salm\`e, ''Transverse asymmetry of $^3\vec{ {\rm He}}$ and the magnetic form factor of the neutron". Eur.Phys. J. {\bf A 19} (2004) 87 and to be published.

[18] J.P.B.C. de Melo, T. Frederico, E. Pace and G. Salm\`e, ''Electromagnetic form−factor of the pion in the space and time − like regionswithin the the Front−Form dynamics ''. Phys.Lett. {\bf B 581} (2004) 75

[19] S. Scopetta, V. Vento, "Generalized parton distributions and constituent quarks", Nucl. Phys. A 711 (2002) 190;

[20] S. Scopetta, V. Vento, "Generalized parton distributions in constituent quark models", Eur. Phys. Jour. A16, (2003) 527.

[21] S. Scopetta , V. Vento "Generalized Parton Distributions and composite constituent quarks", Phys. ReV. D69:094004, (2004)

[22] S. Scopetta, V. Vento "Generalized Parton Distributions and the structure of the constituent quark"2nd Int. Conf. on Nuclear and Particle Physics with CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, Dubrovnik, Croazia, 26−31 May 2003,Fyzika B (in press); hep−ph/0311197

[23] S. Scopetta, "Generalized parton distributions of 3He", nucl−th/0404014, Phys. Rev. C 70 (July 2004), in press.


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5,42,53,04,61,51,52,03,02,01,53,0

7,210,811,311,312,914,4

6,18,25,67,07,0

12,5

9,219,817,917,925,225,115,313,211,110,511,020,5

52,4 30,0 114,3 196,7






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5,5 9,5 17,0 32,0

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Codice Esperimento GruppoPI21 4

Rapp. Naz.: Riccardo Barbieri

Rappresentante nazionale: Riccardo BarbieriStruttura di appartenenza: PIPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

Field Theories and Model Building of Elementary Particles



dal laboratorio

PI21 (ex Pisa1)

Acceleratore usato

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caratteristiche)


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utilizzato


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CERN

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SJ di cui SJ Collaborazioni e partecipazione convegni 1,5

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Collaborazioni internazionali e partecipazione convegni 7,0

7,0






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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Physics beyond the Standard Model

Lines of research:

1.ElectroWeak Symmetry Breaking. Explore new ways of describing the EWSB: theoretical and phenomenological analyses.

2. Neutrino masses and mixings. Phenomenological analysis of the experimental results in neutrino oscillations and of their theoreticalimplications.

3.Consistent models of gravity modified at large distances.

4. Flavour physics. Models of fermion mass textures.

5. Cosmology and astro−particle physics.

Description of the research:

1. We intend to concentrate on models that allow a neat calculation of the Fermi scale in terms of physical parameters. We will analizetheir internal consistency, their compatibility with the current indirect experimental tests and their implications for the LHC. We will giveweight to the "little hierarchy problem".

2. The solar and atmospheric anomalies were discovered thanks to careful studies of natural sources of neutrinos:phenomenological analyses (by us and others) were necessary for a correct interpretation of the data and to propose optimizedexperiments. We plan to study how non standard interpretations can be tested by such experiments, in particular by future studies ofneutrino astrophysics and of neutrino cosmology.

3. We intend to continue the study of the consistency of proposed models for the modifications of gravity at large distances.

4. We intend to study models based on GUTs or on flavour physics in the multi−TeV region (inspired by little−Higgs modes), focussing onthe relation between quarks and leptons.

5. Our subjects of interest are: Models of extragalactic magnetic fields and their impact on the propagation of UHECRs. Gravitationalwaves of cosmological origin. Baryogenesis and leptogenesis. Ultra−High Energy Cosmic Rays, Gamma−Ray−Bursts and supernovae inview of the particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

Recent results:

1. We have formulated a model based on the breaking of supersymmetry on the boundaries of an extradimension. We have set a frame tostudy the consistency of various models with the ElectroWeak Precision Tests and with the precision LEP2 measurements.

2. We have made a thorough analysis of the implications of the hypotheses of a sterile neutrino in particle physics experiments, incosmology and in astrophysics.

3. We have analysed the classical and quantum consistency of the DGP model.

4. We have formulated theories based on non−abelian flavour symmetries, like U(2) or S(3). We have have studied the problem of thefermion mass generation in little−Higgs inspired scenarios.

5. We have studied models for the generation of large scale cosmic magnetic field in the primevalplasma slightly before hydrogen recombination. We have revised previous studies of thermal leptogenesis, including new effects,developing a public code which gives the first correct results and studying its implications.


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BAZZOCCHI Federica BERTOLINI Stefano FABBRICHESI Marco MALINSKY Michal

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Rapp. Naz.: Wanda Alberico

Rappresentante nazionale: Wanda AlbericoStruttura di appartenenza: TOPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


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Studio di sistemi fortemente integrati



dal laboratorio

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Studio microscopico della struttura dei nuclei e di reazioni nucleari. Risposte inclusive ed esclusive in sisteminucleari. Teorie dei sistemi a molti corpi fortemente interagenti.

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ROMA1 LE, PI, TS, TO, LNF, FE, GE, FI


Università di Barcellona (Spagna), Università dell'Illinois a Urbana−Champaign (USA), Argonne NationalLaboratories (Chicago, USA), Los Alamos National Laboratories (Los Alamos, USA), CEBAF Laboratory(USA), Università di Granada (Spagna), Laboratori di Dubna (Russia), MIT (USA), Univ. di Basilea, Univ. diSiviglia e Barcellona

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Lykasov (Dubna) 40 gg

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Con Gennadi Lykasov (Dubna) e Chris Pethick (NORDITA) stiamo collaborando al calcolo del cammono libero medio dei neutrini inmateria nucleare densa e fredda. Il calcolo e' rivolto allo studio degli effetti delle correlazioni tensoriali sul cammino libero medio. Siprevede anche da clacoli precedenti fatti che quest effetti siano considerevoli e che quindi abbiano un importasnte impatto nel processidi raffreddamento delle neutron star e nei meccanismi di esplosione delle supernovae.

Chris Pethick e' uno dei maggiori esperti del settore. Gennadi Lykasov collabora con noi da qualche anno sugli effetti delle correlazioniNN nei processi di reazioni inclusive ad energie intermedie.



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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Title: STRONGLY INTERACTING MANY−BODY SYSTEMS

The present IS was born from the fusion of two previous IISS, PI31 and TO31,both devoted to the study of many−body systems bymicroscopic approaches. The need of rationalizing the two activities came from the analogies between their subjects and from theexistence of collaborations involving researchersof both IISS.

The melting of the two projects has so far stimulated a deeper effort in trying to enlarge the already established collaborations.

The topics the IS will be concerned with are the following:

1) Equation of state of nuclear and neutron matter up to high densities and obtained with realistic two− and three−body forces usingdifferent approaches:a)Correlated Basis Function (CBF) and Fermi Hypernetted Chain (FHNC) theories (PI,RM1,TS);b)Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC)(PI,TS,TN);c)Coherent Spin State projection techniques (GE,TS,PI);d)Brueckner theory (PI).The aim is a quantitative determination of the influence of the strong short range correlations in the density region of astrophysical interest(neutron stars, supernovae). The QMC project aims at applying this methodology to heavy nuclei and infinite matter. A comparisonbetween the various techniques is expected to provide a test of their accuracy.As byproducts the IS will study the onset of the transition to a pion condensed phase in nuclear/neutron matter and the importance ofpairing in correlated matter (PI,TS,RM1).

Recent results on this subject include: relevance of the tensor and spin−orbit interactions in nucleon matter via QMC, CBF and Bruecknertheories; 1S0 pairing in correlated neutron matter; QMC in neutron drops.

(External collaborations with Arizona and Illinois Universities, Argonne and Los Alamos Nat.Labs., University of Barcelona, GSI ).

2) Extension of CBF to medium−heavy nuclei and study of the ground state properties of doubly−closed−shell medium−heavy nuclei withrealistic potentials. CBF theory will be extended to the j−j coupling case with spin and isospin dependent correlations (PI,LE).

Recent results on this subject include: description of the ground state properties of 16O and 40Ca with realistic potentials; spectroscopicfactors of 16O and 40Ca; study of jj coupled nuclei (up to 208Pb) with central interactions and correlations; structure of quasideuterons innuclei.

(External collaboration with University of Granada)

3) Electromagnetic (em) and weak responses in nuclear and neutron matter.a) CBF theory, already applied by participants of the IS to evaluate the nuclear matter one− and two−body Green's functions and the emand spin longitudinal and transverse responses, will be used to compute the weak responses in nuclear matter and the neutrino mean freepath in neutron matter at zero and finite temperature (PI,TS,RM1).b) Contribution to the 2p−2h excitations from meson exchange currents (MEC) in the Relativistic Fermi Gas (RFG) (including correlationsand inteference between MEC and correlations) (GE,TO).

Recent results on this subject include: two−body spectral function in correlated nuclear matter; neutrino mean free path in hot neutronmatter via Brueckner theory; semi−relativistic meson exchange currents in (e,e') and (e,e'p) reactions; extension of the RFG model forquasi−elastic electron scattering to the inelastic region; role of 2p−2h MEC excitations in scaling and superscaling.

(External collaborations with Universities of Granada and Sevilla, TJLAB and MIT)

4) Neutrino scattering.a) Study of charge−changing neutrino cross sections in nuclei to provide high−quality results for use in on−going experimental studies ofneutrino oscillations at GeV energies. The approach is based on the scaling and superscaling analysis of electron scattering in thequasielastic region and on its recent extension to the Delta resonance region (TO).b) Neutrino−nucleus cross sections from the continuum threshold to the quasi−elastic region, for both charge and neutral currents, in theContinuum Random Phase Approximation and including pairing and two−particle two−hole excitations (LE).

Recent results on this subject include: quasi−elastic neutrino−nucleus cross section in the shell model for 16O considering re−scattering ofthe emitted nucleon.

(External collaborations with MIT, Basel, Sevilla, Granada)

5) Response functions in nuclei in BLE (boson loop expansion) for the em, axial and spin−longitudinal channels, also in the Delta region(GE,TO).

(External collaborations with MIT)

6) Mean field theories. Study of the impact of randomness on the binding energy of atomic nuclei through the random matrices techniquesand the Pastur equations (TO).

Recent results on this subject include: study of a non−relativistic system of fermions at finite temperature.

(External collaboration with Heidelberg)

7) Composite fields in nuclei: bosonization and Grassman Variables. Following previous work where the problem of the pairinghamiltonian, viewed as a simple model of superconductivity, was attacked and solved in the framework of the path integral formalism, andwhere the s−bosons emerging from the formalism were identified as true Goldstone bosons, we intend to pursue the study encompassingother type of forces, beyond the pairing one, and considering several single particle levels where the pairs can live (TO,LNF,GE).

Recent results on this subject include: extension of previous analyses focused on hidden features of the Richardson equations, and helpfulin shedding light on how the superconductivity is realized in finite systems (finite nuclei), to a larger (N>2) number of fermionic pairs.

8) Variational methods and functional techniques.The FHNC expansion has been recently derived from a representation of the partition function in terms of path integrals. The method canprovide a more tractable approach to spin− (and isospin−) dependent correlations. The activity will proceed along this line. This approachwill allow for treating, in a variational frame, mesonic field theories at the same sophistication level as FHNC (GE,PI,RM1,TS).

9) Structure, formation and stability of compact stellar objects. In particular we study the composition of the star (mass and radius), itsviscosity (in connection with the possible emission of Gravitational Waves), and various scenarios in which the deconfinement of quarkscan affect the formation and time−evolution of a compact star. The relevance of quark deconfinement for Supernova Explosions and theconnection of the latter with Gamma Ray Bursts is also explored. (FE,PI,TO)

Recent results on this subject include: transition mechanism from hadronic to quark matter stars, explaining the supernova explosionfollowed by gammaray burst; a model for the generation of strong Gravitational Waves bursts.

10) Investigation of quark deconfinement in ground Labs.a) We are searching possible signatures of quark deconfinement in high (and intermediate) energy experiments, in particular connectedwith isospin in neutron−rich nuclei. This offers a new tool for investigating both deconfinement and structure of compact stars. (FE,CT,TO)b) We are investigating a new confinement model based oni) the dynamics of the non−perturbative gluon condensate as described by a dilaton lagrangian,ii) the Schwinger−Dyson equation, dressing quarks using an infrared regulated alpha_s. (FE,TO)

Recent results include a relation between critical density and isospin (Z/A), which can likely be tested in future experiments at GSI.

11) Anomalous physical processes in nuclear and astrophysical systems.a) Study of fusion reactions in stars and astrophysical plasma to understand the measured fluxes of solar neutrinos, the effect ofnonextensive statistical mechanics, the effects of quantum uncertainty in momentum distribution functions of reacting particles. Study ofnuclear reaction rates in the solar plasma, and in the nuclear CNO reactions chain.b) Developments of new generalized statistical mechanics to describe equilibrium or steady−state or long−term stationary state ofnon−equilibrium many body systems featured by long−range interactions and/or long−time tail memory functions; generalization to therelativistic cases.(TO, FE)

12) Hypernuclear physics. Two different approaches (the Polarization Propagation and the Wave Function methods) have been employedto study the weak decay of Lambda hypernuclei. Decay rates and single and double−coincidence nucleon distributions have beenevaluated and compared with data. Important progress has been made towards a solution of the long standing puzzle on the ratio,Gamma_n/Gamma_p, between the neutron− and the proton−induced Lambda decay widths. We are now studying the asymmetric

emission of non−mesonic decay protons from polarized hypernuclei, where strong inconsistencies appear in the comparison betweentheory and experiment.(TO)

(External collaborations with Barcelona)

13) Related activities.

Study at the one loop in the bosonic expansion of the number of Lambdas in hot nuclear matter (GE, ext.coll. with Calcutta Univ.)

Application of many−body theories (QMC and CBF) to atomic systems, as pure and doped Helium drops (PI,TS,RM1, ext.coll.s withBarcelona, Granada and Arizona Univ.)

Quantum Monte Carlo and density functional for electrons confined in nanostructures: Spin−orbit coupling and spintronics. In particular, weplan to study spin orbit effects on the conductivity of semiconductor wires (TN, ext.coll.s with Barcelona, Palma de Maiorca and Cornell)

Application of few−body techniques to electron systems. Tecniques used to solve stochastic equations in few dimensions are extended tothe analysis of eterostructures sylicon based, in order to improve models to intepret the results on the light emission form sylicon structures(Silicon LED) (FI).

Electroweak processes in light nuclei with the complete set of two−body axial exchange currents (MEC), including short range terms due toheavy meson exchange. These MEC are similar but not identical with those from heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory in an effectivefield theory (EFT). This approach is consistent with realistic NN potentials founded on a mesonic theory of nuclear forces (FI).

Various issues on the foundation and completeness of Quantum Mechanics have been studied. Experimental tests (with and without theuse of Bell's inequalities) able to discriminate between Local Hidden Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics have been proposed. Tothis purpose, we have employed entangled pairs of neutral kaons. These tests overcome previous difficulties: in particular, clear progressin closing the logical loopholes that affects this kind of tests has been achieved. Test of Bohr's complementarity principle have also beendiscussed, with "quantum marking" and "quantum erasure" techniques. The so−called "quantitative duality" has been considered for avariety of interferometric devices (TO).

(External collaborations with Barcelona, Oxford)


Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne


Materiale diconsumo


Spese dicalcolo



19831991199319951997199920012004

TOTALE

4,67,75,6

11,86,1

13,09,5

13,5

1,55,12,55,84,59,5

27,211,311,321,1

5,030,030,540,0

67,212,9

1,54,11,0

99,031,919,942,114,648,844,563,0

71,8 28,9 176,4 86,7 363,8






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


Materialedi

consumo


Spesedi

calcolo



TOTALECompet.

2005

TOTALI

15,5 14,5 40,0 70,0

15,514,5 40,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 70,0



StrutturaTS





QualificaAffer.

algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

Cognome e Nome

Qualifica



Tecnol. 1 FANTONI Stefano P.O. 4 80


00

NTECNICI

Cognome e Nome



Assoc. tecnica


10.8


00








Rapp. Naz.: Kenichi KonishiRappresentante nazionale: Kenichi KonishiStruttura di appartenenza: PIPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:

PROGRAMMA DI RICERCA

A) INFORMAZIONI GENERALI

Linea di ricercaNONPERTURBATIVE DYNAMICS OF GAUGE THEORIES AND

RELATED PROBLEMS IN QFT, STRING THEORIES AND STATISTICALMECHANICS


Sigla delloesperimento assegnata dallaboratorio

Acceleratore usato

Fascio(sigla e caratteristiche)


Apparato strumentaleutilizzato


Istituzioni esterne all'Entepartecipante

Durata esperimento

B) SCALA DEI TEMPI : piano di svolgimento

PERIODO ATTIVITA' PREVISTA

Mod EN. 1 (a cura del responsabile nazionale)

mailto:


StrutturaTS


Resp. loc.: Ugo Bruzzo


VOCIDI





1,0

Prof. Vladimir Roubtsov, Universite' d'Angers, Francia (1 settimana)

Prof. Andrei Marshakov (ITEP, Mosca)

1,0

1,02,0

Missioni estero (fra altro, partecipazione a un convegno internazionale su geometria eteoria delle stringhe presso la University of Philadelphia)

2,5

2,5






StrutturaTS








Rapp. Naz.: Kenichi Konishi


In KEuro

Struttura


caricodi altriEnti

Missioniinterne

SJ

Inviti

SJ

Missioniestere

SJ

Materialedi

consumo

SJ

Trasportie

facchinaggi

SJ

Spesedi

calcolo

SJ

Affittie

manutenzione

SJ


SJ

TOTALECompet.

SJ

BAFIMIPDPIPRRM2TNTS

TOTALI

4,02,01,03,04,02,01,51,01,0

6,03,01,51,5

2,0

5,06,53,07,0

12,04,01,53,02,5

9,08,54,0

16,019,0

7,54,54,05,5

0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0

19,5 14,0 44,5 78,0




Nuovo esperimento GruppoPI62 4


Title:

NONPERTURBATIVE DYNAMICS OF GAUGE THEORIES AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN QFT,STRING THEORIES AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Research Project, Generalities:

The PI62 Project Group aims to make in−depth investigations on many non−perturbative aspects ofgauge field theories, string theory and statistical mechanics. Some of the concrete issues which willbe studied are:Instantons in Gauge Theories and in String Theory, Confinement and Dynamical SymmetryBreaking in 4D Gauge Theories, Possible other phases in QFT, QCD, Domain Walls, Monopolesand Vortices, Supersymmetric Gauge Theories, Large N techniques, MQCD, Topological FieldTheories, Exact Results in 4D Gauge Theories, String Theories, Tachyon Condensation in StringTheory, etc.

This area of study gained recently a renewed interest and impetus for new developments. Weintend to pursue further the research aimed at clarifying these and related problems. One of thecharacteristics of this area of research is that it is quite interdisciplinary, as exemplified by thecommon nonperturbative techniques used in the field theory/statistical mechanics/string theory, useof results from apparently unrelated research fields such as the solid state physics and algebraicgeometry, solitons seen in field theory, statistical mechanics and string theory, etc., and to face theseproblems we need constant updating of our knowledge and techniques. It is therefore fundamentalthat we promote a synergy of researchers expert in different fields, exchange of information, promoteinteractions among experts, young researchers and graduate students.Within our project we therefore intend to organize exchange of visits, seminars, and smallworkshops in which a few foreign researchers, in particular those active in Europe, will also beinvolved. We wish to create occasions of discussions and for effective collaborations among themembers of the collaboration.

The research projects:

(i) Study of nonabelian monopoles, vortices and their roles in confinementand/or dynamical symmetry breaking; Study of phases and dynamics of wide classes of N=4, 2, 1supersymmetric gauge theories; Lessons for QCD(PI, PD, PR, RM2 groups);

(ii) Study of multi−instanton effects in string theories and in 4D supersymmetric gauge theories(RM2, PD, PI groups);

(iii) Analysis of gauge theories in noncommutative / non−anticommutativespacetimes(PR, FI, PD groups);

(iv) Use of large N_c techniques; exploration of the idea of planar equivalence between N=0 andN=1 super Yang−Mills theories(FI, PR groups);

Besides these main themes of research, our activities will be further complemented and enriched bythe work covering the following research fields:

(v) Study of tachyon condensation in string theory (TN group),Unitarity in string theory (PD group);

(vi) Non−equilibrium statistical mechanics; Variational approach to QFT(BA group);

(vii) Topological field theories (PD group);

(viii) Low−dimensional gravity, CFT, Relation to BFKL equations (FI group)

−−−−−

For more details about the scientific activities, results obtained and future projects of eachsubgroups, see the following PDF file, Activity.pdf.



Nuovo esperimento GruppoPI62 4



1 Research Activities of PI62

In the following, the research fields, recent results and future plan of each local

groups forming PI62 will be illustrated.

2 Padova

2.1 Research Activity of Bassetto, De Pol and Torrielli

Bassetto, De Pol and Torrielli (B-D-T below) have analyzed the unitarity of string

and superstring amplitudes at one loopin constant antisymmetric background. We

have obtained a new series of double poles in the open channel, which signals a

partial symmetry breaking, consistently with tree level factorization properties. We

have also studied the noncommutative field theory limit of these amplitudes, which

presents unitarity breaking in the electric case. On the pure noncommutative field

theory side, B-D-T have performed a perturbative analysis of the correlator of three

parallel Wilson lines in two-dimensional noncommutative U(N) Yang-Mills theory.

We have obtained for such correlator, in the large N limit, an exponential growth

with the length of the lines, substantiating former expectations. Bassetto, De Pol

and Torrielli have also obtained the noncommutative version of the Makeenko-Migdal

loop equation for two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory, by generalizing the Kazakov-

Kostov procedure.

2.2 Research Activity of Matone

The main research topic concerned the nonperturbative structure of SYM theories.

In particular, it has been shown that the instanton moduli space maps to the moduli

space of punctured spheres. The formulation shows a strict relationship with Liouville

theory (Liouville F-Models).

Another related topic concerned the Dijkgraaf-Vafa formulation (DV) of N=1 and

N=2 SYM theoriee. It has been shown that the N=2 theory induces a duality in N=1.

It has been also shown that the original formulation requires a modification which

also makes it possible to directly express the N=2 prepotential directly as a matrix

path-integral. Furthermore, the exact operatorial form of the chiral ring considered

1

by Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg e Witten in deriving the DV results from the Konishi

anomaly. It has been shown that some discrepancies of the DV formulation are due to

the existence of an affine connection previously considered as an integrable one-form.

Another topic concerned the Berkovits covariant formulation of the superstring

based on the pure spinors. It has been shown that such a formulation corresponds to

a twisted and complexified version of the superembedding formulation of the super-

string.

An infinite explicit set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the Laplacian on

Riemann surfaces of genus g > 1 has been obtained.

2.3 Research Activity of Pieralberto Marchetti

1) Charged sectors of lattice gauge theories in the Coulomb phase.

We propose a construction of electrically (and by duality magnetically) charged

fields when dynamical electric and magnetic charges coexist. In this situation the

standard Dirac ansatz (a multiplication of the charged field by a Coulomb phase a

factor) is inconsistent due to a violation of the Dirac quantization condition for the

electro-magnetic flux. Our proposal replace the Coulomb phase factor with an integral

over fluctuating Mandelstam strings weighted by a measure with support on rough

strings whose average at large scales approximate the Coulomb phase factor, thus

avoiding the infrared divergence appearing if one uses a single Mandelstam string and

simultaneously obeying Dirac quantization condition for fluxes. We propose to take

the expectation values of such charged fields as order parameter for the confinement

deconfinement transition in abelian (lattice)gauge theories with dynamical charges

and monopoles. Numerical evidence for the validity of such proposal appear in papers

of Polikarpov et al (hep- lat/ 0110150). A slight modification of the above construction

allows a precise definition of ’t Hooft monopole in pure SU(2) Yang Mills theories.

This construction involves surfaces of Z2 vortices and therefore creates a link between

two approaches to confinement, abelian dominance where confinement is attributed

to condensation of ’t Hooft monopoles and center dominance where it is attributed

to condensation of vortices.

2) Chern-Simons U(1)-charge × SU(2)-spin gauge approach to high Tc supercon-

ductors.

On the t-J model used to describe the high Tc superconductors we perform a

2

gauging of the U(1)-charge × SU(2)-spin symmetry with Chern-Simons action for

the gauge fields; thus obtaining a model strictly equivalent to the original one. To

the electron of the gauged model, we apply, following Anderson’s (Varenna 1987)

suggestion, a spin-charge decomposition rewriting it as a product of a charged spinless

fermion (holon) and a spin 1/2 neutral boson (spinon), the first interacting with

the U(1)-change gauge field, the second with the SU(2)-spin gauge field. We then

analyses the above model in mean field in a phase (pseudogap) where we are able

to derive a low energy effective action. Our formalism reproduces automatically as a

consequence of the introduction of the SU(2)-gauge field a gap in the spin excitations

with a doping dependence in agreement with NMR experimental data. Starting from

the effective action in we calculate the in plane resistivity, exhibiting a metal-insulator

crossover with decreasing temperature, as a conseguence of the competition between

the spin gap and a dissipation induced by spin-currents. The result are in qualitative

agreement with experimental data, also for the magneto resistance. We calculate the

out of plane resistivity and give a review of the entire formalism with emphasis on

the relation with experimental results.

3) Dirac strings and Chern Kernel for p-branes

We give a generalization of the PST (Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin) formalism with mani-

fest duality in the (semi-)classical treatment of p-branes interacting with gauge forms,

involving a p+1-generalization of Dirac strings. This formalism allows in particular to

treat the inflow mechanism for cancellation of anomalies in supergravity theories and

is related to the advanced mathematical formalism of characteristic currents (Harvey-

Lawson, Asterisque 1993) which established a link between differential geometry and

distribution theory.

We apply a variant of the formalism, involving a diffeomorphism invariant gener-

alization of the Coulomb field introduced by Chern, to the cancellation of anomalies

for the M5-brane, the soliton of M-theory in d=11, also in the presence of the M-2

brane.

3 RomaII

Our science project (Fucito, D’Alessandro) is focused on the computations of

multi instanton corrections to various supersymmetric gauge theories. This field has

reached a high degree of maturity just in recent times. The application of localization

3

techniques to the computation of the functional integral allows for a solution for

arbitrary winding numbers. For this application to be possible the theory has first

to be formulated in the BRST formalism. The relevant physical computation to

perform is that of the cohomology of the BRST operator. To do this the theory is

suitably deformed to give a compact moduli space. The physical results are to be

independent of this deformation parameter. Moreover it is convenient to deal with

a finite number of fixed points of the action of Q. To localize, the theory is to be

deformed by introducing two auxiliary rotations in the space time: the final result is

a series whose expansion parameters are those of the previously introduced rotations.

The Seiberg-Witten’s results are then obtained in the limit in which these parameters

are sent to zero. Even more surprisingly the other terms in this expansion match the

contributions given by non perturbative contributions coming from string whose world

sheet has genus greater that zero. The results we have gathered up to this moment

are:

1) computations for the N=2 supersymmetric theory and its gravitational correc-

tions;

2) same thing for the N=2 supersymmetric theory with massive hypermultiplets

transforming in the adjoint;

3) we have repeated these computations for gauge groups Sp and SO;

4) same thing for the N=4 case;

5) all of the above on ALE manifolds of the A type together with the Betti’s

numbers for the moduli over these manifolds;

6) computations for the so called quiver theories;

7) a proof that the Matone’s relation holds also for the case in which gravitational

corrections are taken into account.

We are actually looking at the N=1 case and we are trying to find an explanation

to this suprising coincidence between the results obtained in four and two dimensions.

4 Parma

The scientific project of the Parma group (Bonini, Calcagni, Cicuta, Griguolo,

Pasquetti) originates from a long experience in non-perturbative QFT, ranging from

4

large-N expansions and matrix models to renormalization group techniques applied

to gauge theories, including more recently the study of instanton effects and Chern-

Simon physics, QFT theories on noncommutative spaces and braneworld cosmology.

The following list of pubblications is relevant for the present proposal.

The activity of the Parma group will be mainly focused on non-perturbative as-

pects of quantum field theories, taking into account the presence of supersymmetries

and of deformed space-time structures (non-commutativity and non-anticommutativity).

Applications to theories of extended objects (strings and branes) and to condensed

matter physics will also be considered. In order to tackle the different problems, a

variety of techniques will be useful: the force of the researchers expert in various dif-

ferent methods will be exploited in a joint effort. In particular, the fields in which we

have a particular expertise are large-N expansions, matrix models computations, ex-

act renormalization group techniques and instanton/functional determinants calculus

could be profitably applied.

The planar (large-N) equivalence between gauge theories with varying degree of

supersymmetry will be investigated, following the recent works of Armoni, Shifman

and Veneziano. The main emphasis will be put on the relation, in the planar limit,

between N = 1 super-Yang-Mills theory and a non-supersymmetric ”orientifold field

theory”, resembling in many respects ordinary QCD: the non-perturbative equiv-

alence will be explored by means of functional determinant techniques and of the

exact renormalization group approach and the role of topologically non-trivial con-

figurations will be studied in this context. Extensions to the 1/N corrections and to

the three-dimensional case will be also considered.

Concerning more general supersymmetric gauge theories, it has been shown re-

cently that some superpotential, coming from string and brane models, can be rewrit-

ten in terms of matrix integrals. It is planned to apply the random matrix theory to

the computation of these superpotentials. Random matrix techniques will be used as

well to compute Yang-Mills integrals in reduced superstring theories.

The study of gauge theories on deformed spaces will be another research line:

in particular the recently discovered N = 1/2 supersymmetry is related to the so-

called non-anticommutative superspace, produced as low-energy limit of string theory

in RR-background, and it generates interesting quantum theoretical effects, both

on the perturbative and the non-perturbative side. The possibility to extend this

deformation in different space-time dimensions and the analysis of topologically non-

5

trivial structures as instantons and Chern-Simons terms could be explored.

Concerning instead the more familiar noncommutative gauge theories, the su-

persymmetric three-dimensional case will be considered and the consistency of the

theory, after a soft breaking of the supersymmetry, will be discussed, in connection

with the known instability of the perturbative nonsupersymmetric vacuum, as learnt

from the four-dimensional case. Noncommutative Chern-Simons theories have also

been suggested as effective descriptions of quantum Hall fluids. Natural observables of

noncommutative gauge theories, the so-called ‘open Wilson lines’, where conjectured

to be a mathematical description of ‘quasiexcitons’, the dominant physical excitations

of the Hall fluid at large quasimomentum. The study of these conjectures and the

use of matrix models in describing the noncommutative Chern-Simons theory will

investigated.

The connection between string theories and large-N gauge theories will be instead

explored in two-dimensions, taking advantage of the explicit Gross-Taylor string ex-

pansion for Yang-Mills theory on Riemann surfaces: in particular a double-scaling

limit, at large-N, will be applied in order to take into account non-perturbative con-

tributions in the string coupling (D1 branes), and a resummation of the instanton

series will be attempted. Recently it as been suggested by Vafa that non-perturbative

contributions could be relevant to explain some aspects of the relation between black-

hole physics and topological strings. The insertion of ’t Hooft fluxes will also allow for

a comparison with the related noncommutative theories in two dimensions. A further

connection of Parma researches with string theory is the following: it is intended to

study tachyon condensation in boundary string field theory by means of the exact

renormalization group equation.The boundary entropy corresponding to the tension

of a D24-brane, which originates from a D25-brane with one compactified dimension,

will be calculated.

Some applications of the physics of strongly coupled gauge theories to braneworld

models will be also attempted.

5 Pisa

Reseach in the Pisa group of PI62 (Konishi, Auzzi, Bolognesi, Evslin, Marmorini,

Brosco, Halat, Ferretti, Yokoi) in the last three years has mainly concentrated on the

systematic study of the mechanism of confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking

6

in N=2/N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories. The main results obtained are the

following:

(1) We found that nonabelian monopoles of Goddard-Olive-Nuyts type do appear

as the infrared degrees of freedom in certain vacua of softly broken N=2 SQCD

(supersymmetric version of QCD), and play the fundamental role as order parameter

of confinement / dynamical symmetry breaking. It is the first known class of theories

in which these solitons, previously known only as massive semi-classical states, make

appearance as fully quantum mechanical, massless infrared degrees of freedom and

play the central role (Bolognesi and Konishi);

(2) We found (Auzzi, Grena, Konishi) that in a class of ”almost superconformal”

vacua, confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking are caused by cooperation of

strongly interacting monopoles and dyons. This is the first example of nonabelian

generalization of Argyres-Douglas mechanism of nonlocal cancellation of the beta

function.

(3) In collaboration with Alexei Yung of S. Petersburg, we discovered and con-

structed (for the first time) nonabelian BPS vortices in supersymmetric theories with

SU(N) gauge group, which are quantum mechanically stable. This work has impor-

tant implications on the very existence of quantum mechanical nonabelian monopoles

as well. (Auzzi, Bolognesi, Yung, Evslin, Konishi)

This work, together with independent, related papers by Hanany, Tong, Shifman

and Yung, are leading to interesting developments in the understanding of vortex

dynamics and their relation to the dynamics of 4D theory itself;

(4) In collaboration with Hitoshi Murayama of LBL/Princeton, we made a sys-

tematic investigation of topological and dynamical (quantum mechanical) aspects of

nonabelian monopoles which have been previously left explored only partially. (Auzzi,

Bolognesi, Murayama, Evslin, Konishi)

We intend to continue our effort to further clarify many related issues. (Auzzi,

Bolognesi, Konishi, Marmorini, Evslin, Ferretti).

6 Milano

The tools of Random Matrix theory are applied to the study of Yang-Mills inte-

grals, arising in reduced models of string theory. We devised a systematic method

7

to reduce the integration space. An exact duality between the spectrum of a banded

Hamiltonian matrix and the corresponding transfer matrix is obtained, and it is

promising for the study of the dynamics of a particle in a lattice, enumeration of lat-

tice walks in d > 1, spectral properties of non-Hermitian matrices. (Luca Molinari)

7 Firenze

The Florence group (Ciafaloni, Valtancoli, Cappelli, Seminara, Caporaso) intends

to investigate some non-perturbative features of lower dimensional gravities and of

quantum field theories, including their deformations that live on non-commutative

spaces. Particular attention will be devoted to the applications of this research to

condensed matter system and to its relations with string theory.

Over the years, 2+1 gravity has been the object of a vast interest both at the

classical and at the quantum level, because it is the simplest theoretical ”laboratory”

where to investigate gravity beyond the perturbative regime. Recently the Florence

group has pointed out an intriguing connection between this model and the high

energy equations in Yang-Mills: By a proper ordering of the relevant operators, the

canonical quantization of the two body system in gravity can be in fact related to the

so-called BFKL equation that describes the high energy regime in Yang-Mills. The

natural question that we intend to investigate is wether this analogy is kept in the

many body case. In particular we shall investigate the three body case that is partly

solvable in either model. At level of conformal field theories, we shall also continue to

explore the ”old” connection between the gravity in 2+1 dimensions and the Liouville

theory.

A powerful tool to explore the non-perturbative regime in quantum field theories

has always been the large N-expansion. Following the recent works of Armoni, Shif-

man and Veneziano, we shall probe the large N equivalence between gauge theories

with varying degrees of supersymmetries. Our effort will concentrate on the planar

equivalence between N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and a non supersymmet-

ric ”orientifold” field theory, which bears some resemblance with ordinary QCD. This

equivalence will be tested through functional and renormalization group techniques.

In this context, we shall try to compute the 1/N corrections to the planar limit and

to explore the role of topologically non-trivial configurations. The extensions of this

kind equivalence to lower dimensional model will be scrutinized as well.

8

Quantum field theories on non-commutative space will be another of the main

topics of research of the Florence group. In three dimensions, we shall consider the

supersymmetric version of topologically massive gauge theories and we shall investi-

gate their phase diagram after a soft breaking of the supersymmetry. This will allow

us to consistently discuss the stability of the perturbative vacuum, which could be in

principle jeopardized by the UV-IR mixing characterizing non-commutative field the-

ories. Another interesting application of three-dimensional non-commutative gauge

theory that we are going to examine is a recent proposal due to Susskind. He sug-

gested that the hydrodynamic properties of the quantum Hall fluid are captured by

Chern-Simons theory, at level k, defined on a non-commutative background. The

electrons sit at Laughlin filling fraction ν = 1/k + 1 and the fluids fill the infinite

plane. Susskind’s proposal represents a novel way of incorporating the constraints of

quantum statistics in the effective hydrodynamical models. In a sense, it is a refined

implementation of the ‘flux-attachment’ transformation that leads to ordinary Chern-

Simons theories as effective models of Hall fluids. In fact, this description attempts

to include the effects of the Coulomb interaction between electrons through an addi-

tional non-commutativity. This approach may solve some important open questions

in the field, such as the unification of the various effective theories that describes dif-

ferent Hall plateaux, the problem of modelling the transition between two plateaux

and the description of the structure of the quasi-particles, based, up to now, only on

Jain phenomenological theory.

Finally we shall also examine the connection between topological string theories

and non-commutative gauge theories in two-dimensions, exploiting the explicit Gross-

Taylor string expansion for Yang-Mills theory on Riemann surfaces: in particular

we shall attempt to perform a large N double-scaling limit in order to resum non-

perturbative contributions in the string coupling (D1 branes). On the field theory side,

we shall try to clarify how the same contributions emerge from the instanton expansion

of the gauge theory. Lately Vafa suggested that these non-perturbative contributions

may also play a role in understanding some aspects of the relation between black-

hole physics and topological strings. The insertion in the above analysis of ’t Hooft

fluxes will allow for a comparison with the related non-commutative theories in two

dimensions.

9

8 Trento

Research field: Boundary String Field Theory. (Nardelli, Forini)

Boundary String Field Theory is particularly useful to study off shell string theory

processes, such as tachyon condensation. In this framework we have constructed

the non linear (in the tachyon field) beta function and the corresponding Witten

Shatashvili (WS) action. We have reproduced the exact form of the tachyon potential

as well as small derivative expansion of the WS action. The obtained results are in full

agreement with all conjectures on tachyon condensation. Moreover, this non linear

beta function approach reproduces the correct perturbative on shell amplitudes (e.g.

Veneziano amplitude) when the WS action is expanded in powers of the tachyon

fields.

Among the most promising future developments there are: The generalization

of this procedure to include the vector field; the study of quartic and sextic soliton

solutions for the tachyon field describing multi-branes configurations as consistent

string backgrounds; the investigation of time dependent conformal solutions close to

the tachyon mass shell (i.e. rolling tachyons).

9 Trieste

Scientific Activity of Ugo Bruzzo:

Localization Formulas and Multi-Instanton Calculus

Already in 2000 Bellisai, Fucito, Tanzi e Travaglini advocated the use of local-

ization formulas for the study of multi-instanton calculus but there were problems

due to the presence of singularities in the moduli space of framed instantons. It was

suggested by Dorey to resolve the singularities of the moduli space of instantons us-

ing the invariance of the original BRST exact theory. These ideas were applied by

Hollowood who computed the k = 1, 2 cases. A last crucial ingredient was provided

by Nekrasov: localization techniques are most powerful when the critical points of

the action of the action of the relevant group are isolated.

Building on these ideas, in 2002 the localization formula for the equivariant de

Rham cohomology was used by Bruzzo, Fucito, Morales and Tanzini to compute

the partition function of a twisted N=2 SYM theory. Also the partition functions

10

of an N=2* and an N=4 model were computed. Subsequently Bruzzo and Fucito,

and Bruzzo, Rossi and Roubtsov (still unpublished) proved generalized localization

formulas for the equivariant cohomology of Lie algebroids.

The aim of the present project is to further develop the theory of localization and

use it to compute the partition function and other quantities of physical interest for

a number of supersymmetric models, including the N=1 case (which however is quite

controversial), some vortex models and others.

10 Bari

Out-of-Equilibrium Field Theories

In past years we studied dynamical properties of field models in strong out of

equilibrium conditions, e. g. systems that are quenched to a temperature below

the critical point. We used both numerical tecniques (taking also into account

hydrodynamical effects) and analytical calculations (selfconsistent dynamical

field, 1/N expansion). Fluctuation-dissipation relations and correlation func-

tions behaviour have been studied analitically in the case of a scalar field that

undergoes a sudden cooling. In the future we plan to study, in the framework

of the time dependent Landau-Ginzburg models, the dynamical properties of

scalar fields that are characterized by homogeneous or lamellar ground states.

The critical properties of a class of statistical models having non gibbsian sta-

tionary state will also be studied.

Phase transitions and non equilibrium statistical Mechanics

The research activity regards the macroscopic evolution of statistical system

having chaotic behaviour at microscopic level. In particular we are interested

to phase ordering in lattices of chaotic maps (CML) (see, for example, the Pro-

ceedings of the Paris Workshop on Lattice Dynamics in Physica D 103 (1997))

which have two symmetric attractors; in this case one can associate an Ising spin

to each map. In particular two systems of this kind are being considered. In

the first case the order parameter is conserved and Kawasaki dynamics is used

in the coarsening process. In the second case the local maps interact through

diffusive coupling in presence of additive noise. The effect of noise on the phase

ordering is studied. New results have been obtained also using a dynamics that

11

corresponds to the discretization of the Cahn-Hilliard equation, that describes

the evolution of continuous systems in presence of a conservation law. We have

shown that these systems have important analogies with spin statistical sys-

tems and that the dynamics introduces an antiferromagnetic effective coupling

that, as in the Ising model, is capable to generate superantiferromagnetic (SAF)

ordering.

Statistical Mechanics applications to high energy physics

We have considered statistical system composed of two classes of elements that

have no interaction with elements of the same class, while elements of the dif-

ferent classes have a coupling that depends on the distance between them. This

systems have an application in the analysis of events in high energy scattering.

Here particles in the final states belongs to one class and jets to the other one.

On this basis one can show that the algorithms currently used by experimental

physicists in this field can be reduced to a variational principle. This fact could

have a practical consequence, in the form of an algorithm that needs execution

times with a very weak dependence from the particle multiplicity of the events.

This is very appealing for particle physics at the new generation of colliders and

a first results in this direction have been obtained.

Variational methods in field theory and foundations

In a recent paper, some generalized forms of stochastic and quantum mechan-

ics have been obtained, through variational extensions of classical mechanics

of particles, based on a reformulation of the Hamilton principle. This scheme

is based on two ingredients, a lagrangian density and a balance equation, and

appears to be an effective approach for the analysis of more general evolution

phenomena. It is planned to reconsider, from this point of view, the problem

of quantization of fields. At the classical level, it can be shown that the ap-

proach recovers formal aspects of the De-Donder Weyl theory in the calculus

of variations. So it is planned to investigate natural extensions of this theory

to stochastic and quantum structures. At the same time some recent results of

Jackiw and coll. concerning the formulation of non abelian fluid dynamics will

be taken into account.

(Angelini, Gonnella, Pellicoro, Villani).

12





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Codice Esperimento GruppoRM42 4

Rapp. Naz.: G. Jona Lasinio

Rappresentante nazionale: G. Jona LasinioStruttura di appartenenza: RM1Posizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


Linea di ricerca

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005Classical, quantum, stochastic systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom

The project deals with the following main lines.

a) Mesoscopic phenomena in quantum degenerate diluite gasesIt has been recently introduced, and studied in detail, a new method to produce highly degeneratequantum states for fermionic gases mixed to refrigerating boson gases [C. Presilla, R. Onofrio, Phys.Rev. Lett. 90, 030404 (2003)]. The study of these mixtures is important both for establishing thefermionic gas superfludity, with mechanisms similar to those of the BCS coupling usually taken intoaccount when dealing with low temperature superconductors [R. Onofrio, C. Presilla submitted toPhys. Rev. A], and for the dynamics of the Fermi−Bose mixtures in presence of a not periodicexternal potential [M. Lewenstein, L. Santos, M. A. Baranov, H. Fehrmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,050401 (2004)].

b) Probabilistic description of quantum systems with many degrees of freedomOn the basis of a rigorous representation of the dynamics of lattice quantum systems via Poissonprocesses, previously estabilished by us, recently we have developed a method yielding semi−analytic results for the long time dynamics. The key point is the use of a limit theorem for weaklycoupled variables to reduce the computation of the expectations to a term in closed form plus asmall error. This is a new and original approach to the study of many bosons systems on lattice anda new way of looking at the so called "sign problem" for fermionic systems [M. Ostilli, C. Presilla, "Aprobabilistic analysis of the dynamics in lattice quantum systems", submitted to New J. Phys.].

c) Fluctuations in stationary statesNo sensible improvement of the Onsager's theory of systems in diffusive regime for states far fromthe equilibrium has been recorded up to the last three years when we have developed a theory formacroscopic fluctuations. The turning point has been the derivation of a Hamilton−Jacobi−likeequation for the entropy functional valid both for equilibrium and non−equilibrium stationary states[L. Bertini, A. De Sole, D. Gabrielli, G. Jona Lasinio, and C. Landim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 040601(2001), J. Stat. Phys. 107, 599−634 (2002)].The Onsager minimal dissipation principle has been extended to non−equilibrium stationary statesand an alternative formulation, based on optimal control theory, has been provided [L. Bertini, A. DeSole, D. Gabrielli, G. Jona Lasinio, and C. Landim, J. Stat. Phys., in print].It has been proven that the equilibrium states of a Glauber+Kawasaki dynamics with arbitrarycoefficients, hence generically non invariant under time−reversal, exhibits long range correlations inthe macroscopic limit. It is then rather natural to conjecture that those correlations characterizedynamics non invariant under time−reversal [G. Basile, G. Jona−Lasinio, Int. J. Theor. Phys., in print].

d) Entanglement and open quantum systemsNon−classical correlations (entanglement), like those in the singlet state of two spin−1/2 particles, areat the basis of the recent advances in quantum information and communication theory; two are theproblems presently attracting wide interest: 1) the formulation of specific and concrete entanglement

generation protocols; 2) the characterization of the amount and quality of the entanglement presentin a given quantum state. In relation to the first topic, the interaction with a heat bath is commonlythought to degrade quantum correlations. Instead, there are instances in which the opposite occurs:systems may become entangled among themselves through the interaction with a common externalenvironment (Benatti et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 070402). This possibility, as well as theproperties of the generated entanglemnet, depend on the correlation properties of the heat bath andon the kind of approximation used to derive the reduced dynamics. In this respect, a fundamentaltool in modeling the subsytem dynamics is that of completely positive dynamical semigroups, whichassures the physical consistency of the whole description (Benatti et al. J. Phys. A 35 (2002) L551;Benatti et al. Phys. Rev. A 67 (2003) 042110). Further, dynamical semigroups appear central inproviding explicit examples of bound entangled states (Benatti et al. Phys. Lett. A326 (2004) 187).Concerning the second topic mentioned above, the study of infinite quantum chains has recentlybeen receiving wide attention; the questions under discussion involve the dependence of theentanglement on the distance between partners along the chain and the role of phase transitions.The study of these quantitative and qualitative aspects of entanglement appears particularlypromising for the so−called "finitely correlated states" (Fannes et al. Comm. Math. Phys. (1992) 443):these are translational invariant states, that are algorithmically generated by iterated application ofcompletely positive maps. Techniques developed in the context of the study of quantum dynamicalentropies (Benatti et al. J. Math Phys. 44 (2003) 2402) result fundamental in the analysis of thephsyical properties of such states.

(e) Non perturbative study of supersymmetric quantummodels, exact results and numerical techniques

The non perturbative study of dynamical supersymmetrybreaking is particularly interesting in 1+1 dimensions,where fluctuations can change dramatically the classicalscenario. The simplest model that one can consider is theWess−Zumino model with only chiral superfields.This model can be studied with extensions of algorithmsdeveloped within RM42 [M. Beccaria, A. Moro,Physical Review D 64, 077502, (2001); M. Beccaria,Carlo Presilla, G. Fabrizio De Angelis, GiovanniJona−Lasinio, Int. Journal ofMod. Physics B 15, 1740, (2001)] as well as with moretraditional techniques like path−integral Monte Carlomethods [M. Beccaria, C. Rampino, Physical Review D67,127701 (2003)].The phase diagram of the model has been determined withgood accuracy. Partial results have been presented duringthe last years at the international Lattice Conference.The conclusion of the analysis is described in a recentpaper [M. Beccaria, M. Campostrini, A. Feo, PhysicalReview D 69, 095010 (2004)] where the transition pointis well identified. Recently, we have proposed a completelynew method to determine the phase diagram, based on aset of quite general rigorous lower bounds on the groundstate energy density [M. Beccaria, M. Campostrini,G. F. De Angelis, A. Feo, Phase diagram of the latticeWess−Zumino model from rigorous lower bounds on theenergy, accepted by Phys. Rev. D; hep−lat/0405016].


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BENATTI Fabio FLOREANINI Roberto PIANI Marco ROMANO Raffaele

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31/12/2005 Estensione dei metodi probabilistici su reticolo a sistemi fermionici

31/12/2005 Applicazione dell'estensione della teoria di Onsager a sistemi accessibili sperimentalmente




Codice Esperimento GruppoTO22 4

Rapp. Naz.: Alberto GIOVANNINI

Rappresentante nazionale:Alberto GIOVANNINIStruttura di appartenenza:TOPosizione nell'I.N.F.N.:


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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005MULTIPARTICLE DYNAMICS,SOFT PHYSICS AND QUARK GLUON PLASMAIN STRONG INTERACTIONS

Our goal is to study multiparticle dynamics,soft physics(minimum bias) and quark gluon plasma formation in stronginteractions with the existing apparatus in terms of finalobservables and theoretical models.On this basis we want toexplore perspectives of this physics in the new energydomain (TeV region) opened by the next generation machines,its links with cosmic ray results in the same energy rangeand interpret available data at CERN,FERMILAB and RHIC.Results along this line of search for 2002/2003are documented in the publication list of the I.S. forthe year 2004.

The proposal is intended to be the meeting ground betweenexperimental and advanced statistical and theoretical stronginteraction physics.Theoreticians and experimentalistsbelonging to different INFN groups (I,II,III and IV) andresearch units (Torino,Piemonte Orientale, Bologna,Udine and Trieste) are interested in this programme either as active participants or external consultants.Strong collaboration betweenexperiment and theory is indeed its main tool. It comes from our experience.Since 1996 workshopson the subject has been organized (two in a year on the average) and their main characteristic has always been afruitful dialog between experimentalists and theoreticians.This collaboration has been very successful and althoughnot much advertised led to the joint organization of theInternational Conference on "NEW FRONTIERS IN SOFT PHYSICSAND CORRELATIONS ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM"in Torino on June 2000 [see NUCLEAR PHYSICS B (Proc.Suppl.)92 (2001) February issue and www.bo.infn.it/workshop_torino2000].In addition in 1999 and 2001 two successful interuniversitySchools on "MULTIPARTICLE DYNAMICS IN STRONG INTERACTIONS"have been organized in BOLOGNA and TRIESTE for young researchers and PhD students willing to work in the field.[see www.bo.infn.it/scuola_multiparticle and www.bo.infn.it/scuola_muliparticle/scuola_trieste respectively].We want to continue along this line and to strenghten oureffort by improving active research ,national and international exchanges,seminars,workshops,international andnational schools in the field in the spirit we mentionedpaying great attention to the INFN programme at CERN (LHC,ALICE ,heavy ion collisions...).Some members of our groupare already involved in these programmes.We want now tomake visible our commitment,to become a meeting point forexperimentalists and theorists actively working in the field

and to promote high standard training for young researcherswilling to join the field.In this framework an International School on STRONGINTERACTIONS and MULTIPARTICLE DYNAMICS has been organizedin June 2003 in Bologna with a large participation ofItalian and foreign Ph.D. students and researchears..

(http://www.bo.infn.it/scuola_multiparticle/school2003)

The group is composed by the following members:

−A.Giovannini Full Professor Th.Physics Torino Univ.,Inc.di Ricerca Gruppo IV Torino Tempo 100%−R.Ugoccioni Assegno di ricerca Univ.Torino−INFNAssociato Gruppo IV Torino Tempo 100%−G.Calucci Full Professor Th.Physics Trieste Univ,Inc.di Ricerca Gruppo IV Trieste Tempo 80%−A. Di Piazza dottorando Fac.Scienze TriesteAssociato gruppo IV Tieste Tempo 100%

The following researchears are acting as external consultants of the present IISS and will be notdirectly supported by this IISS;they foresee touse the indicated part of their time for our IISSwithin the total time dedicated to their specified INFN group (or INFN groups).

−M.Monteno Ric.Univ. Univ.TorinoGruppo III INFN Torino−L.Ramello Assoc.Prof. Piemonte OrientaleInc. RIc. Gruppo III INFN Torino−O.Saavedra Assoc.Prof. Univ.TorinoInc.Ric. Gruppo II INFN Torino−G.Navarra Prof.Straord. Univ. di TorinoInc. Ric. Gruppo II INFN Torino−Alessandro Bruno Ric.INFN TorinoGruppo II INFN Torino−G.Abbiendi Ric.INFN BolognaGruppoII INFN Bologna−F.Rimondi Prof. Ass. Univ. BolognaInc. Ric .Gruppo I INFN Bologna−F.Fabrizio I Ric. INFN BolognaGruppo I INFN Bologna−A.De Angelis Prof. Ass. Univ. UdineInc. Ric. Gruppo I e II Research Unit INFN Udine


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Rapp. Naz.: BONORA Loriano

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B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005The historical title of this IS, i.e. "Application of differential geometric and topologicalmethods to field and string theory" is a bit outdated with respect to thedevelopments the collaboration has had over the years. A more realistic title couldbe "Advanced developments ingauge and string theories". Anyhow here are someheadings for the topics recently covered by the IS:

1) STRING AND BRANE THEORIES AND THEIR DUALITIES.2) QUANTUM GRAVITY, COSMOLOGY AND BLACK HOLES.3) ORDINARY AND NONCOMMUTATIVE GAUGE FIELD THEORIES.4) 2D FIELD THEORIES.

The IS involves almost 60 researchers from ten INFN sections. This year a newgroup from Bologna has joined it.Like in the past, we had in Decembre 2003 a general meeting in Perugia, withmany participants also from outsidethe IS, and 12 talks.

Let us review the research activity during the last year.

STRING AND BRANE THEORIES.

One of the themes developed has been based on the suggestion made byDijkgraaf and Vafa that the effective superpotential in N=1 gauge theories can beobtained via a perturbativecalculation in a simple matrix model. This and the alternative approach of Cachazo,Douglas, Seiberg andWitten via the Konishi anomaly, have produced a great dealof research in Padova, Trieste and also on Roma2. In this respect it is worthrecalling the papers by M.Matone and collaborators (Padova) and the explicitcalculations of the superpotentials and their gravitaional corrections byF.Alday, M.Cirafici and E.Gava (Trieste).

Another dominant subject of research has been the AdS/CFTduality and its developments, in particular the pp−wave backgrounds. This type ofresearch has been mostly carried out in Roma2, but other sections haveoccasionally contributed to it. In this regards one should mention in particular theresults obtained by M.Bianchi and collaborators on the AdS/CFT correspondencebetween type IIB superstring on AdS^5xS^5 around the point of enhanced higherspin symmetry, which shows perfect agreement between the spectrum ofsingle−trace gauge invariant operators and the spectrum of string excitations

extrapolated from the BMN limit to vanishing coupling. In a related context we recallM.O'Loughlin and collaborators' work (in Trieste) on the Penrose limit, in particularof the Godel metric.

A third relevant topic has been tachyon condensation andstring field theory, a reaserch carried out in Trieste.It should be mentioned that in this context a new solutionof vacuum string field theory has been found, the dressedsliver, which (finally!) satisfies all the requisites for representing an (unstable)D−brane.

Under the heading of string theory we should perhaps classify the activity in higherspins fields dynamics,which has undergone a strong boost in the last period,both in Padova (M.Tsulaia, D.Sorokin and collaborators) andin Roma2 (A.Sagnotti and collaborators).

The activity in string theory is not limited to the above topics. There have been othersignificant contributionsin Padova (supergravity problems in 10D), Milano, Roma2(orientifolds) and Pisa (branes and defects, M.Mintchev et al.).

QUANTUM GRAVITY, COSMOLOGY AND BLACK HOLES.

This has probably been the sector with the largest derivative during the last year.The interconnection withcosmology renders it extremely attractive due to the wealthof recently collected experimental data. In this contextone should quote the work of the Bologna group on black−holes; the research inPavia on Regge triangulations,on holographic principle as well as on relativisticcosmology; various contributions from G.Amelino−Cameliaand coworkers on possible observable effects of a non−commutative space−timeand of loop quantum gravity.Finally one should mention the work on "asymptotic safety"quantunm gravity by R.Percacci and collaborators in Triesteand the research of E.Guadagnini (Pisa) on gyroscopic effects in gravity.

GAUGE THEORIES (ORDINARY AND NON−COMMUTATIVE)

This remains a very important research ground for our initiative. Naturally many ofthe subjects already mentionedcould be classified under this heading. But there arespecific contributions, which come especially from Rome1.Beside the above mentioned research on noncommutative space−time, there arethe works on exact renormalizationgroup by Yoshida, Arnone and Guerra and the research onlarge N QCD by Bochicchio. One should not forgetthe research on topological BF theories in Milano.

2D FIELD THEORIES.

Conformal and integrable field theories form the backgroundof many developments in string and brane theories andgauge theories. However sometime they are studied on their own. This is the caseof the research carried out byBandelloni in Genova (W symmetry), the study of (integrable)field theories with impurities in Pisa, the t−J model (Padova). Finally mentionshould be madefor the work on fuzzy spheres carried out by Immirziand collaborators (Perugia) and q−computation (A.Marzuoli,Pavia).

PROGRAM FOR THE FUTURE.

The research programs for the future are mostly a prolongation of the past activity.Naturally many participants to the IS insist on past themes wheneverthey have been particularly successful or promising.

This is the case for AdS/CFT correspondence, Dijkgraaf−Vafaprogram for N=1 effective superpotentials, higher spingauge fields, properties of supersymmetric field theories,exact renormalization group, field theory models with defects, noncommutativespaces, loop quantum gravity.There is however a trend toward covering cosmologicalaspects and searching results of cosmological relevanceThere are also some new entries:− New types of black−holes and new braneworld scenarios (Bologna);− Octonions and manifolds with special holonomy (Milano);− Open−closed string duality (Pavia);− Exact renormalization group without supersymmetry (Roma1);− Exact time−dependent solutions in String Field Theory (Trieste).


Annofinanziario

Missioniinterne


Materiale diconsumo


Spese dicalcolo



199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

TOTALE

15,413,410,3

9,210,3

9,213,913,920,117,021,530,5

7,210,3

3,04,16,7

12,315,010,510,016,0

29,426,832,533,036,130,933,553,955,847,060,075,5

44,840,250,052,549,444,254,180,190,974,591,5

122,0

184,7 95,1 514,4 794,2






PREVISIONE DI SPESA


In KEuro

ANNIFINANZIARI

Missioniinterne


Materialedi

consumo


Spesedi

calcolo



TOTALECompet.

2005200620072008

TOTALI

35,035,036,037,0

20,020,021,022,0

70,572,074,076,0

125,5127,0131,0135,0

143,083,0 292,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 518,5



StrutturaTS





QualificaAffer.

algruppo

% NTECNOLOGI

Cognome e Nome

Qualifica



Tecnol. 123456789

1011

ALDAY Fernando BONORA Loriano CIRAFICI Michele FURLAN Paolo GAVA Edi LIBERATI Stefano MACCAFERRI Carlo MAMONE Davide O'LOUGHLIN Martin PERCACCI Roberto PERINI Daniele

D.R.

P.O.

P.A.

R.U.

Bors.

Bors.

SissaBors.Bors.AsRic

Bors.

44444444444

1001001001001005010010010050100


00

NTECNICI

Cognome e Nome



Assoc.tecnica


1110


00






Struttura GruppoTS 4

Coordinatore: Stefano Bertolini

COMPOSIZIONE DEI GRUPPI DI RICERCA: A) − RICERCATORIComponenti del Gruppo e ricerche alle quali partecipano:

N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo

Ricerche del gruppo in %Percentuale

impegnoin altri gruppi

Dipendenti Incarichi

Ruolo Art. 23 Ricerca Assoc. I II III V

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

ACQUAVIVA Viviana

ALDAY Fernando

AMATI Daniele

ANSOLDI Stefano

BACCIGALUPI Carlo

BAIOTTI Luca

BASSI Angelo

BAZZOCCHI Federica

BENATTI Fabio

BERTOCCHI Luciano

BERTOLINI Matteo

BERTOLINI Stefano

BONORA Loriano

BORGANI Stefano

BORUNDA Monica

BRUZZO Ugo

CALUCCI Giorgio

CATTARUZZA Enrico

CIRAFICI Michele

CONTROZZI Davide

DEL FABBRO Alessio

DELFINO Gesualdo

FABBRICHESI Marco

FANTONI Stefano

FEVERATI Giovanni

FLOREANINI Roberto

FURLAN Giuseppe

FURLAN Paolo

GAVA Edi

GHIRARDI Giancarlo

D.R.

Ric.

I Ric

D.R.

P.O.

R.U.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.A.

P.O.

Bors.

Bors.

AsRic

Sissa

Bors.

B.P.D.

Bors.

Sissa

P.A.

Bors.

P.O.

Dott.

Bors.

B.P.D.

AsRic

P.A.

B.P.D.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

25

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Ricercatori 5.5 10 5.2 3 3.15 8 4 4 4 1

Note:

INSERIRE I NOMINATIVI IN ORDINE ALFABETICO (N.B.NON VANNO INSERITI I LAUREANDI)

1) PER I DIPENDENTI2) PER GLI INCARICHI DI RICERCA3) PER GLI INCARICHI DI ASSOCIAZIONE

4) INDICARE IL GRUPPO DI AFFERENZA

Indicare il profilo INFNIndicare la Qualifica Universitaria (P.O. P.A. R.U.) o Ente di rappresentanzaIndicare la Qualifica Universitaria o Ente di appartenenza per Dipendenti altri Enti:Bors.) Borsista; B−P−D) Post−Doc; B.Str.) Borsista straniero; Perf.) Perfezionando;Dott.) Dottorando; AsRic) Assegno di ricerca; S.Str) Studioso straniero;DIS) Docente Istituto Superiore

(N.B.NON VANNO INSERITI I LAUREANDI)

Mod G1





N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo





31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

GIACOMAZZO Bruno

GIOVI Fabio

GOZZI Ennio

IENGO Roberto

IPPOLITI Emiliano

LEGOVINI Franco

LIBERATI Stefano

MACCAFERRI Carlo

MACORINI Guido

MALINSKY Michal

MAMONE Davide

MARINATTO Luca

MARITAN Amos

MAURO Danilo

MICHELANGELI Alessandro

MILANESE Giuseppe

MILLER John C.

MONTERO Pedro

MUSSARDO Giuseppe

NICCOLI Giuliano

O'LOUGHLIN Martin

PAVER Nello

PERCACCI Roberto

PERINI Daniele

PERROTTA Francesca

PETCOV Serguey

PIANI Marco

PONSOT Benedicte

REZZOLLA Luciano

ROBERTO Vito

P.A.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

R.U.

P.A.

Bors.

Bors.

Dott.

P.A.

Sissa

Bors.

Bors.

Bors.

Bors.

B.P.D.

P.O.

AsRic

Bors.

Dott.

P.A.

Bors.

Bors.

AsRic

Bors.

AsRic

Dott.

B.P.D.

P.A.

P.S.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

75

100

50

100

100

100

50

100

100

20

100

100

40

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Ricercatori 5.5 10 5.2 3 3.15 8 4 4 4 1

Note:






Mod G1





N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo





61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

ROMANO Raffaele

SALVETTI Davide

SCHWETZ Thomas

SERONE Marco

SHINDO Tetsuo

SMAILAGIC Anais

SPALLUCCI Euro

TORNATORE Luca

TRELEANI Daniele

ULLIO Piero

VERZEGNASSI Claudio

WEBER Tullio

P.A.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

AsRic

Dott.

AsRic

AsRic

B.P.D.

DIS

Dott.

Sissa

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Ricercatori 5.5 10 5.2 3 3.15 8 4 4 4 1

Note:






Mod G1





N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo





1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

ACQUAVIVA Viviana

ALDAY Fernando

AMATI Daniele

ANSOLDI Stefano

BACCIGALUPI Carlo

BAIOTTI Luca

BASSI Angelo

BAZZOCCHI Federica

BENATTI Fabio

BERTOCCHI Luciano

BERTOLINI Matteo

BERTOLINI Stefano

BONORA Loriano

BORGANI Stefano

BORUNDA Monica

BRUZZO Ugo

CALUCCI Giorgio

CATTARUZZA Enrico

CIRAFICI Michele

CONTROZZI Davide

DEL FABBRO Alessio

DELFINO Gesualdo

FABBRICHESI Marco

FANTONI Stefano

FEVERATI Giovanni

FLOREANINI Roberto

FURLAN Giuseppe

FURLAN Paolo

GAVA Edi

GHIRARDI Giancarlo

D.R.

Ric.

I Ric

D.R.

P.O.

R.U.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

P.A.

P.O.

Bors.

Bors.

AsRic

Sissa

Bors.

B.P.D.

Bors.

Sissa

P.A.

Bors.

P.O.

Dott.

Bors.

B.P.D.

AsRic

P.A.

B.P.D.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

100

100

100

100

100

100

80

Ricercatori 1 2.6 7 0.8 0.5 3 4.6 0.4

Note:






Mod G1





N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo





31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

GIACOMAZZO Bruno

GIOVI Fabio

GOZZI Ennio

IENGO Roberto

IPPOLITI Emiliano

LEGOVINI Franco

LIBERATI Stefano

MACCAFERRI Carlo

MACORINI Guido

MALINSKY Michal

MAMONE Davide

MARINATTO Luca

MARITAN Amos

MAURO Danilo

MICHELANGELI Alessandro

MILANESE Giuseppe

MILLER John C.

MONTERO Pedro

MUSSARDO Giuseppe

NICCOLI Giuliano

O'LOUGHLIN Martin

PAVER Nello

PERCACCI Roberto

PERINI Daniele

PERROTTA Francesca

PETCOV Serguey

PIANI Marco

PONSOT Benedicte

REZZOLLA Luciano

ROBERTO Vito

P.A.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

R.U.

P.A.

Bors.

Bors.

Dott.

P.A.

Sissa

Bors.

Bors.

Bors.

Bors.

B.P.D.

P.O.

AsRic

Bors.

Dott.

P.A.

Bors.

Bors.

AsRic

Bors.

AsRic

Dott.

B.P.D.

P.A.

P.S.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

100

100

100

100

50

100

100

50

50

100

Ricercatori 1 2.6 7 0.8 0.5 3 4.6 0.4

Note:






Mod G1





N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica

Affer.al

gruppo





61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

ROMANO Raffaele

SALVETTI Davide

SCHWETZ Thomas

SERONE Marco

SHINDO Tetsuo

SMAILAGIC Anais

SPALLUCCI Euro

TORNATORE Luca

TRELEANI Daniele

ULLIO Piero

VERZEGNASSI Claudio

WEBER Tullio

P.A.

P.O.

P.O.

P.O.

AsRic

Dott.

AsRic

AsRic

B.P.D.

DIS

Dott.

Sissa

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

60

100

80

80

100

40

Ricercatori 1 2.6 7 0.8 0.5 3 4.6 0.4

Note:






Mod G1




COMPOSIZIONE DEI GRUPPI DI RICERCA: B) − TECNOLOGIComponenti del Gruppo e ricerche alle quali partecipano:

N.Cognome e

Nome

Qualifica Ricerche del gruppo in %Percentuale



Ruolo Art. 23Assoc.

TecnologicaI II III V

Note:

1) PER I DIPENDENTI2) PER GLI INCARICHI DI ASSOCIAZIONE

Indicare il profilo INFNIndicare Ente da cui dipendono, Bors. T.) Borsista Tecnologo

Mod G2




COMPOSIZIONE DEI GRUPPI DI RICERCA: C) − TECNICIComponenti del Gruppo e ricerche alle quali partecipano:

N. Cognome e Nome

Qualifica Ricerche del gruppo in %Percentuale impegno

in altri gruppi



Assoc.Tecnica

I II III V

1 RICHETTI Alessandra Univ. 100

Servizi (mesi−uomo)

−− Vuoto −−

Note:

1) PER I DIPENDENTI2) PER GLI INCARICHI DI COLLABORAZIONE TECNICA3) PER GLI INCARICHI DI ASSOCIAZIONE TECNICA

Indicare il profilo INFNIndicare Ente da cui dipendonoIndicare Ente da cui dipendono

Mod G3



PREVISIONE DELLE SPESE DI DOTAZIONE E GENERALI DI GRUPPO

Dettaglio della previsione delle spese del Gruppo che non afferisconoai singoli esperimenti e per l'ampliamento della Dotazione di base del Gruppo

In KEuroVOCI

DISPESA

DESCRIZIONE DELLA SPESA

IMPORTI

Parziali TotaleCompet.

Collaborazioni tra le sezioni 12,0

12,0

Inviti brevi a collaboratori stranieri 7,0

7,0

Collaborazioni internazionali e partecipazione convegni 21,0

21,0

MaterialeConsumo

Cartoleria e software 5,0

5,0

Seminari Spese per seminari di Sezione 3,0 3,0

Spesetrasporto

PubblicazioniScientifiche

Acquisto reprints 2,0 2,0

Spesecalcolo


Affitti emanutenz.

apparecchiat.

MaterialeInventariabile

Sostituzione delle stazioni di lavoro obsolete e acquisto portatili 15,0

15,0

Totale 65,0(1) Indicare tutte le macchine in manutenzione

Mod G4 (a cura del responsabile locale)



PREVISIONE DELLE SPESE PER LE RICERCHE

RIEPILOGO DELLE SPESE PREVISTE PER LE RICERCHE DEL GRUPPOIn KEuro

SIGLAESPERIMENTO

SPESA PROPOSTA

Miss.interno

InvitiMiss.estero

Materiale dicons.

SeminariTrasp.

e Facch.Pubblicazioni

Spese dicalcolo

Affittie Manut.Appar.

Mater.inventar.

TOTCompet.

BO11 FA51 FI11 FI31 GE41 LE21 MI12 OG51 PD51 PG31 PI21 PI31 RM42 TO22 TS11

4,04,04,01,03,02,02,02,04,00,51,52,02,01,52,5

4,52,03,0

1,02,0

2,0

3,0

0,55,0

8,010,011,5

1,59,05,02,08,08,01,07,02,05,01,58,0

16,516,018,5

2,513,0

9,04,0

12,012,0

1,58,57,07,03,5

15,5

Totali A) 36,0 23,0 87,5 146,5

GS61 PI62

1,01,0

3,02,0

5,52,5

9,55,5

Totali B) 2,0 5,0 8,0 15,0

C) Dotazionidi Gruppo

12,0 7,0 21,0 5,0 3,0 2,0 15,0 65,0

Totali (A+B+C) 50,0 35,0 116,5 5,0 3,0 2,0 15,0 226,5

Mod G5

istituto nazionale di fisica codice esperimento gruppo … · 2005. 7. 19. · istituto nazionale...

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