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1 Corns can be propagated vegetatively using a special technique. Diagram 1 shows the steps in this technique.Jagung boleh dibiakkan secara vegetatif dengan menggunakan teknik yang istimewa. Rajah 1 menunjukkan langkah-langkah dalam teknik ini.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1(a) Name this technique.

Namakan teknik ini. [1 markah]

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(b) State two precautionary steps should be taken during the propagation process.Nyatakan dua langkah-langkah berjaga perlu diambil semasa proses pembiakan. [2 markah]

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(c) What is the genetic make-up of the daughter plants compared to the parent plants?Apakah perbezaan pembentukan genetik bagi anak pokok berbanding kepada sel induknya?[2 markah]

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(d) (i) What is callus?Apakah itu kalus? [1markah]

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(ii) What is its function?Apakah fungsinya? [1 markah]

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SECTIONA BAHAGIAN A [60 mark/60 markah]

Answer all the question in this sectionJawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

(e) (i) Explain the difference of this technique with cloning.Terangkan perbezaan teknik ini dengan pengklonan. [2 markah]

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(ii) Give one example of cloning.Berikan satu contoh untuk pengklonan.[1 markah]

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(f) State two advantages of cloning.Nyatakan dua kebaikan bagi pengklonan.[2 markah]

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2 Diagram 2 shows a animal cell.Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

(a) (i) Name the structures of W, X, Y and Z.[4 marks]Namakan struktur W, X, Y dan Z.[4 markah]

W: _______________________________________

X: _______________________________________

Y: _______________________________________

Z: _______________________________________

(ii) State one function of W and Y.Nyatakan satu fungsi bagi W dan Y. [2 markah]

W: ____________________________________________________________________________

Y : ____________________________________________________________________________

(b) (i) Give one characteristic of X and Z.Berikan satu sifat bagi X dan Z.

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(ii) Give one difference for X and Z.Berikan satu perbezaan bagi X dan Z.[2 markah]

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(c) (i) Name two cells that have high densities of Z. Namakan dua sel yang mempunyai ketumpatan Z yang tinggi.[2 markah]

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(ii) Explain the function of the organelle in cells (c)(i) Terangkan fungsi bagi organel dalam sel (c)(i). [2 markah]

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(iii) State the condition of the cell if Z does not exists. Nyatakan keadaan sel jika Z tidak wujud.[1 markah]

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3 Diagram 3 shows the conditions of a plant cell in two different concentration of sucrose solution P and Q.Rajah 3 menunjukkan keadaan tumbuhan sel dalam dua kepekatan larutan sukrosa yang berlainan, P dan Q.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a) What is the process that occurs in the cell membrane of the plant cell?Apakah itu proses yang berlaku di dalam membran sel bagi sel tumbuhan?[1 markah]

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(b) (i) What is the process that takes place from R to S? Apakah proses yang berlaku dari R ke S? [1 markah]

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(ii) What is the process that takes place from S to T? Apakah proses yang berlaku dari S ke T?[1 markah]

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(c) (i) Explain what is happened in b(i). Terangkan apa yang telah berlaku di (b)(i). [2 markah]

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(ii) Explain what is happened in b(ii).Terangkan apa yang telah berlaku di (b)(ii). [2 markah]

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(d)Predict the concentration of sucrose solutions P and Q.Jangkakan kepekatan larutan sukrosa bagi P dan Q.

P : __________________________________________

Q : __________________________________________[2 markah]

(e) State two necessities for the movement of substances across a plasma membrane.Nyatakan dua keperluan untuk pergerakan bahan merentasi satu membran plasma. [2 markah]

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4 Diagram 4 shows the action of an enzyme on a substrate.Rajah 4 menunjukkan tindakan satu enzim terhadap satu substrat.

Diagram 4 Rajah 4

(a) State three characteristics of an enzyme as shown in Diagram 4.Nyatakan tiga ciri-ciri bagi enzim seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. [3 markah]

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(b) What is Z?Apakah itu Z?[1 markah]

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(c) Explain why substrate Y, but not substrate X, can combine with the enzyme.Terangkan mengapa substrat Y, tetapi bukan substrat X boleh bergabung dengan enzim. [2 markah]

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__________________________________________________________________________________(d) (i) There are few factors that affect the activity of enzymes. Explain how temperature affects enzyme

activity.Terdapat beberapa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi aktiviti enzim. Terangkan bagaimana suhu boleh mempengaruhi aktiviti enzim.[3 markah]

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(ii) Besides temperature, state two other factors that affect the activity of enzymes.Selain daripada suhu, nyatakan dua faktor lain yang mempengaruhi aktiviti enzim. [2 markah]

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(e) Give one example of an enzyme that is commonly used in daily life.Berikan satu contoh enzim yang biasa digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.[1 markah]

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5 Diagram 5 shows the main structures of the human respiratory system.Rajah 5 menunjukkan struktur yang utama dalam sistem respirasi.

Diagram 5 Rajah 5(a) Name the structures Q, R and S.

Namakan struktur Q, R dan S. [3 markah]

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_________________________________________________________________________________(b) (i) Why is the trachea wall strengthened by C-shaped cartilage rings?

Mengapakah dinding trakea diperkuatkan oleh lingkaran rawan berbentuk C?[1 markah]

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(ii) What is the structure where the inner wall of the trachea is lined with fine hairs?Apakah struktur dinding dalaman trakea di mana telah dilapikkan dengan bulu halus? [1 markah]

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(iii) State the role played by the structure in b(ii).Nyatakan peranan yang dimainkan oleh struktur di b(ii). [1 markah]

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(c) State two characteristics of the respiratory surface in the alveoli.Nyatakan dua ciri-ciri permukaan respirasi bagi alveolus. [2 markah]

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(d) Explain the breathing mechanism.Terangkan mekanisme pernafasan.

(i) During inspirationSemasa tarik nafas [2 markah]

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(ii) During expirationSemasa hembus nafas [2 markah]

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6 Diagram 6 shows two processes of energy production in plant and animals cells.Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua proses penghasilan tenaga dalam sel tumbuhan dan haiwan.

Diagram 6 Rajah 6

(a) State one characteristic of both processes of energy production. Explain how the process X and Y occur. Including equation in your explanation.[10 marks]Nyatakan satu ciri bagi kedua-dua proses bagi penghasilan tenaga. Terangkan bagaimana proses X dan Y berlaku. Sertakan persamaan dalam penerangan anda. [10 markah]

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SECTION B BAHAGIAN B[40 marks/ 40 markah]

Answer any two questions in this section.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

(b) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +38ATP

Diagram above shows the equation of another type of energy production. State the similarities and differences compared with 1(a) above.[5 marks]Rajah di atas menunjukkan persamaan jenis penghasilan tenaga yang berlainan. Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan berbanding dengan 1(a) di atas.[5 markah]

(c) It is important for human to maintain a healthy respiratory system. State some good habits in keeping our respiratory system healthy. [5 marks]Ini adalah penting bagi manusia untuk mengekalkan sistem respirasi yang sihat. Nyatakan beberapa tabiat yang baik untuk memastikan kesihatan sistem respirasi kita. [5 markah]

7 Diagram 7.1 shows the gaseous exchange between the alveolus and blood capillaries in the human body.Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pertukaran gas berlaku di antara alveolus dan kapilari darah dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1(a) How do gases transported between the alveolus and blood capillaries?

Explain the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide and their process of gaseous exchange.Include equations in your explanations.[10 marks]Bagaimanakah gas diangkut antara alveolus dan kapilari darah?Terangkan pengangkutan oksigen dan karbon dioksida dan proses pertukaran gasnya.Sertakan persamaan dalam penerangan anda. [10 markah]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the respiratory centre and chemoreceptors which are involved in the regulation of breathing.Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan pusat respirasi dan kemoreseptor di mana ia terlibat dalam pengawalaturan pernafasan.

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Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2Chemoreceptors are sensory receptors in the body that responds to chemical stimuli. State and explain this two sets of chemoreceptors. Explain how these chemoreceptors function in monitoring the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide.[10 marks]Kemoreseptor adalah reseptor deria dalam badan yang bertindak balas dengan perangsang kimia. Nyata dan terangkan kedua-dua kemoreseptor ini. Terangkan fungsinya kemoreseptor dalam memonitor kepekatan oksigen dan karbon dioksida. [10 markah]

8 Diagram 8 shows the cross section through a leaf.Rajah 8 menunjukkan keratan rentas satu daun.

Diagram 8 Rajah 8(a) Based on the parts U to Z, explain the arrangement, shape and structural adaptations of leaves for

photosynthesis. [10 marks]Berdasarkan kepada bahagian U to Z, terangkan susunan, bentuk penyesuaian struktur bagi daun untuk fotosintesis. [10 markah]

(b) Food processing is the use of suitable methods and techniques to transform raw edible substances into food for human consumption.Pemprosesan makanan adalah menggunakan kaedah yang sesuai dan teknik untuk menukarkan bahan mentah yang boleh dimakan kepada makanan bagi penggunaan manusia.

Describes the food processing methods, the steps of processing and the effect of each method.For each method, give an example. [10 marks]Huraikan cara-cara pemprosesan makanan, langkah-langkah memproses, dan setiap kesan kaedah tersebut. Bagi setiap kaedah, berikan satu contoh. [10 markah]

9 Diagram 9.1 shows the Rafflessia sp. flower and bracket fungus.Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan Rafflesia sp. dan kulat tetupai.

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Diagram 9.1 Rajah 9.1(a) Describe the different biotic interactions of the Rafflesia sp. flower and bracket fungus with their host

plant. [6 marks]Huraikan perbezaan interaksi biosis antara bunga Rafflesia sp. dan kulat tetupai dengan perumahnya.

[6 markah]

Table above shows different organisms in a jungle ecosystem.Jadual di atas menunjukkan organisma yang berlainan dalam satu ekosistem hutan.Draw a food web showing the feeding relationships between all organisms above. Label the pyramid of numbers involving four trophic levels.[4 marks]Lukiskan satu jaringan makanan antara semua organisma di atas. Label nombor piramid yang melibatkan empat aras trof. [4 markah]

(c) Diagram 9.2 shows the greenhouse effect.Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan kesan rumah hijau.

Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2

(i) Based on the diagram, explain the greenhouse effect and the greenhouse gases.Berdasarkan rajah, terangkan kesan rumah hijau dan gas rumah hijau.

(ii) State the effect of global warming.[10 marks]Nyatakan kesan pemanasan global.[10 markah]

Disediakan Oleh:

.....................................Pn. Ismaliza bt. IshakKetua Panitia Biologi SMKTD

Disemak Oleh:

...........................................

Disahkan Oleh:

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(b) Plants, Rat, Rabbit, Lizard, Grasshopper, Eagle, Snake.Tumbuhan, Tikus, Arnab, Cicak, Belalang, Helang, Ular.