it for development of small- and medium-sized exporters in east asia and latin america regional...
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IT for Development of Small- and Medium-sized Exporters in East
Asia and Latin America
Regional Summary: Asia
Masatsugu Tsuji
OSIPP (Osaka School of International Public Policy)
Osaka University, Japan
Osaka School of International Public Policy
ECLAC, Chile November 2004
IT Usage In East Asia
➢ Infrastructure Broadband: ADSL, Cable modem FTTH
➢ Platform
PC, Mobile
➢ Application
e-commerce, EDI, SCM
Osaka School of International Public Policy
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
Mar
. 01
June
01
Sept
. 01
Dec
. 01
Mar
. 02
June
02
Sept
. 02
Dec
. 02
Mar
. 03
June
03
Sept
. 03
Dem
. 03
Mar
. 04
June
. 04
DSLCATVFTTH
Growth of Japanese Broadband
Osaka School of International Public Policy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
J apan Korea Chi na Si ngaporeThai l and Vi etnam
Numb
er o
f us
ers
(mil
lion
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cove
age
Number of InternetUsers (Millions)Internet Coverage
Number of Internet Users and Coverage
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Mobile Internet Access Rates
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Ratio of Firms introduced PCs
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0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
EC r
atio
: B2B
J apanU.S.A.
Comparison of e-Commerce: B2B
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Korea
Singapore
Comparison of e- Commerce with the U.S.
0.69%
1.37%
2.16%
3.16%
4.25%
5.51%
6.99%
0.10% 0.25%0.56%
1.10%
1.90%
3.14%
4.50%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
EC R
atio
U.S.J apan
Comparison of e-Commerce: B2C
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Market size of e-Commerce (B2B)
Industry 2001 2002
Chemical 0.80% 1.65%
General machines 1.80 5.58
Electronics 24.20 32.12
Automobile 30.50 39.46
Transportations and travel 2.10 2.20
Information and Software 4.00 9.90
Food 1.30 0.40
Utilities 0.00 0.00
Fabric 2.20 4.18
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Market Size of e-Commerce (B2C)
2001 2002
PC and related products 12.2% 15.4%
Entertainment 0.92 1.63
Food 0.14 0.29
Automobile 2.80 4.78
Real estate 0.74 1.45
Finance 0.63 1.17
Cloths 0.34 0.79
Travel 0.86 1.87
Service 0.09 0.21
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Share of SMEs
Japan Korea China Singapore Thailand Vietnam
No. of SMEs
99.7 99.4 95.2 92 99.6
GDP 49.1 55 34 38.9 65
Export 20.2 42 61.2 38.2
Employ-ment 66.9 83.7 65.5 51 70.0 85
Purposes of IT Usage
➢ Providing and sharing information
e-mail, homepages, web pages
➢ Efficiency of internal works Groupware such as accounting, payroll, and inventory management
➢ Collaboration other firms through networking
B2B, B2C, EDI, SCM, ERP, CRM
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Obstacles of IT usage by East Asian SMEs
➢ Human resources General knowledge, IT specialists, and Managerial leadership
➢ Funds for IT investment
➢ Business environments of SMEs Traditional business practice, regulations, and relation with large firms or MNCs
➢ Consumers’ attitudes Offline or online shopping ?
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Analysis of Japan Team I
➢ Quantitative research by mail survey June 2004
Higashi-Osaka City Ohta Word, Metropolitan Tokyo
Two major SME clusters in Japan 6,000 SMEs, and 1,198 responses
➢ In-depth interviews
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Analysis of Japan Team II
Identify factors promoting IT usage by SME
Yi = β0 + β1X1i + β2X2i + … …+βnXni + ei
Yi : index of IT usage,
Xi : variables as characteristics of SMEs, amount of IT investment, human resources, managerial behavior, expectations for IT usage, etc.,
βi : coefficients to be estimated,
ei : residual.
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Results of Analysis of Japan Team
Extracted factors promoting IT usage by SMEs
(1) Managerial behavior of top management
Self-renovating type
Positive attitude toward transforming their
businesses by IT usage
(2) Size of SMEs
Number of employees
Amount of Capital
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Issues of SMEs’ Networking through IT
Industrial structure of East Asian economies
Hierarchal structure based on long-run contract
relationship, not on market mechanism.
Principals: large firms and MNCs
Subcontractors : SMEs
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Toward Networking by SMEs
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SMEs
Large firmsMNCs
Hierarchical structure Non-hierarchical structure
Examples of New Networks I
“Kentiku Itiba (Construction Market)”
SCM formed by local construction firms
CAD/CAM
selection of design by PC
Automated estimation system
Web camera
Reducing costs and speed up construction
Now covering Western part of Japan
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Examples of New Networks II
• “Sisaku Net (Prototype Network) ” Kyoto based high-tech group specialized in precision
machine industry. Respond quickly by the Internet.
• “Shoudan Jouzu (Better Marching)” Matching site located in Osaka, and 3,500 SMEs participate. Local SMEs can receive orders all over the world.
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Systems Supporting New Network
• Governments’ assistance programs
• NPOs
“IT Coordinator Association”
Groups of retired engineers and craftsmen
• Collaborations of industry, government and academia
TLO of university
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New Policy Implementations for Support East Asian SMEs
in the Age of Information
• East Asian success model:
Strong government leadership
• Public Private Partnership
Collaboration of all regional resources so as
to nurture new networks of SMEs
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