Italian and European Institutions

Classe 3C

Liceo Scientifico “Albert Einstein” Cervignano del Friuli (UD)

Group : Virgolin Teacher: Marilena Beltramini

Institutions

The Italian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice

The Italian Government and the European Commission

The Italian Parliament, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

CREDITS

The Constitutional Court

Sited in the Palazzo della Consulta

Composition: 15 members

(for 9 years)

(over 20 years)

Supreme Institution of the Italian

Republic

• No institution can invalidate a constitutional decision

•The Court can invalidate laws even if they’re already into force

•The Constitutional Court has to conform to the Italian Constitution

TASKS

To judge about the regularity of laws and acts controversies

To judge power conflicts between the State and the Regions

To judge accusations to the President of the Republic

1/3 Elected by the President of the Republic

1/3 Elected by the Parliament

1/3 Elected by ordinary and administrative supreme magistrates

The European Court of Justice

Legal System

CALLED THROUGH

• Direct petitions

• The preliminary ruling procedure

Composition:8 general advocates25 judges (for 6 years)

TASKS

Power of jurisdiction

Make sure that Community law is upheld

Rule on legal disputes between:

- Member States, - EU and Member States, - EU institutions and authorities - individual citizens and EU

Court of First

Instance

It collaborates with

The President of the Court is appointed by the 25 judges

(for 3 years)

Comparison

COMPOSITION

The European Court of Justice is composed of 25 judges and 8 general lawyers who hold their office for 6 years. The President of the court is elected by the judges and the lawyers. His office lasts for 3 years.

The Constitutional Court is made up of 15 judges (1/3 elected by Parliament, 1/3 by the President of the Republic and 1/3 by highest ordinary and administrative magistrates).They keep their office for 9 years and must have gained over 20 years of experience in their job.

Comparison

TASKS

The European Court of Justice Checking respect of Community law Power of jurisdiction Ruling on legal disputes between Member States, EU/Member

States, EU/institutions and authorities, individual citizens/EU

The Italian Constitutional Court Judging over controversies Judging power disputes between the State and the Regions Judging accusations to the President of the Republic

Comparison

Summing up

As we can see there are some differences in the composition of the institutions, but after all they also show similarities.

They both exercise the juridical power and are both supreme institutions having the task to judge others and subject to the rules of Member States constitutions.

In addition the Constitutional Court has the role of judging eventual accusations to the President of the Republic.

The Italian GovernmentSited in Palazzo Chigi

Constitutional Institution

Composition:(for 5 years or less)

Made up of many bureaus

TASKS

Executive function

To issue decrees that have a law strength.

Represent Italy on international stages

First Ministers

Second Ministers

Ministries

Undersecretaries

Ministers whithin or whithout purse

“Ministers have to swear in the

hands of the President of the Republic. After that, they have to obtain the trust of the Parliament”

The European CommissionAdministrative body of the EU

Composition

The President of the CommissionCommissioners (for 5 years)

The President is designed by Member States Governments, and approved by the EU Parliament

Commissioners are important political persons proposed by their Member States.

TASKS

Control the European Integration

Proposes legislation to Parliament and the Council

Executive implementation of EU policies

Supervises that directives are upheld and implemented

Responsible for the general financial management of the EU

Represents the European Union on international stages

Comparison

COMPOSITION

The Italian Government is made up of Ministers, Second Ministers and Undersecretaries. They are may hold their office for 5 years.

The European Commission is made up of 25 commissioners and the President. Commissioners hold their office for five years and they are proposed by Member States.

Comparison

TASKS

The Italian Government Executive function Emanating decrees Representing Italy on international level

The European Commission Executive function Managing and implementing common european polices Managing the budget Representing the European Union on international stages Reinfocing the laws of EU

Comparison

Summing up

The Commission and the Italian Government have both the executive power, and similar subtasks. Both institutions have got a President, that must be approved by the Parliament.

In our opinion the main difference is that Commissioners are chosen by the Member States while Italian Ministers are not chosen by regions, but summoned as a consequence of the parliamentary majority won in the elections.

A further difference is that the Commission supervises the financial management of the EU while in Italy it is the Parliament does not do it.

Lower HouseUpper House

Universal Suffrage

Composition: 315 members(for 5 years)

(over 40)

Composition: 630 members(for 5 years)

(over 25)

TASKS Legislative functionFunction of constitutional reviewFunction of control and addressFunction of inquiry

Draft Bills:. People (50000 signatures). Parliament. Government. Other Organizations

Palazzo Montecitorio

Bicameral legislature

The Chamber

of Deputies

The Senate

The Italian Parliament

Palazzo Madama

The European Parliament

Sited in Strasbourg or

Bruxelles

Composition:732 Deputies

(for 5 years)

(over 18-25)

Universal Suffrage

Elected by all the citizens of the EU

TASKS

Legislative functionDemocratic supervisionPurse power

Proposals:•. Commissions•. Political Groups

•. Consultation

•. Cooperation procedure

•. Conformity opinion

•. Co-decision procedure

The Council of the European Union

LEGISLATUREcentral

decision-making body

Composition:(for 6 months)

Member Sates ministers with different professional capacities

QMV Vote System

Committee of Permanent

Representatives

General Secretary

Collaborate with:

Prepares Council Work

Support to

Council Work

TASKS

- Coordinate the broad economic policies of the Member States

- Legislative power on a wide range of EU issues

- Authorise, oversee and conclude international agreements

- Budgetary authority

- Take decisions relating to the framing and implementations of the common foreign and security policy

- Coordinate the activities of the Member States and adopt measures in the field of police and judicial cooperation

Comparison

COMPOSITION

The Italian Parliament is made up of the Chamber of Deputies (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). The Lower House is made up of 630 members who must be over 18.The Upper House is composed of 315 members who must be over 40.

There are 732 deputies in the European Parliament, they are in charge for 5 years and their minimum age differs from nation to nation (from 18 to 25).

The Council of the EU is made up of the ministers of the Member States having different competences. They hold their office for 6 months.

Comparison

TASKS

The Italian Parliament Legislative function Constitutional reviewing Controlling and addressing Function of Inquiry

The European Parliament Legislative function Democratic supervision Purse power

The Council of EU Coordinating broad economy Legislative power (limited on a wide range of EU issues) Authorizing and concluding oversea and international agreements Budgetary authority Making decisions about foreign and security policy Coordinating the activities of Member States and adopting measures in the field of police and

judicial cooperation

Comparison

Summing Up

The main point in common between all the institutions is the legislative function.

Institutions are different as for composition (the Council has a different composition and election system, the Italian Parliament is a bicameral legislature, while the European Parliament has got an only chamber).

The Council’s work focusses on Member States’ interaction, the European Parliament works to ensure a democratic and an institutional supervision.

In some points they cooperate: for example in the business field.

Credits

- Aschettino Alessandro- Campana Andrea- Virgolin Marco (the King)- Vrizzi Manuel

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