italian level 1 - s3. · pdf filefluent city page !2 goals the goal of these first few...

Italian Level 1

Fluent City Page ! www.fluentcity.com2

GOALS

The goal of these first few pages is to introduce you to the main concepts of Italian pronunciation. Focus on the fundamental concepts and sounds and don’t worry too much as mastery will only come with time.

Use the next few pages to practice pronunciation, including the greetings (which are also a fun way to have a few phrases to show off to your roommate tonight after class).

Learning Italian...in context! Welcome to your Fluent City Italian class! Here’s a few important things to know before you begin:

1 - Don’t be afraid to “keep it simple” for the next few months. Speaking like a child anytime soon is actually a great triumph. A 4-year-old child in Italy has spoken and listened to Italy for about 16 hours EVERY day for several years! If you can do the same after a 20 or 40 hours of class, then you are doing really well.

2 - Learning a new language is never easy, especially if it is your first foreign language. Don’t get discouraged as the going gets really tough in a few weeks! Even if you are a smart and successful person who is used to “getting” things very quickly, be aware that it is rare that someone “gets” a foreign language right away. Stick to the basics, come to class each week, put in as much study time outside of class as possible, and use the resources made available to you to study the concepts you might be struggling with (and ask for more if you need them). More important than anything is to remain positive and to stick with it as you move forward each week.

3 - A lot of material is covered in each class session. If you have to miss a class, check out www.fluentcity.com/missaclass for what to do.

Learning a language should be a fun experience and your teacher will do everything they can to ensure that it is a pleasant journey, so enjoy the ride!


A B C D E F G H I [J] [K] L M N “ah” bee chee dee “eh” effe gee acca “ee” i lunga cappa elle emme enne

“oh” pee koo erre esse tee “ooh” voo doppia voo eeks ipsilon zetaO P Q R S T U V [W] [X] [Y] Z

Pronunciation and the Basics

AccentsThe longest vowel sound in a word is the ‘accented’ syllable. When you learn a new word, put a dot under the longest vowel to mark the accent. If you have to guess, the second-to-last syllable is accented about 60% of the time. If a word has a written accent, then that syllable is accented, but is louder (instead of longer) than the rest.

(The letters J, K, W, X, and Y only appear in foreign words, but are fairly common in product names.)

AOUEI

CA = “ka”CO = “ko”CU = “ku”CHE = “ke”CHI = “ki”

GA = “ga”GO = “go”GU = “gu”GHE = “ge”GHI = “gi”

CIA=“cha”CIO = “cho”CIU = “chu”CE = “che”CI = “chi”

GIA= “dja”GIO = “djo”GIU = “dju”GE = “dje”GI = “dji”

H S Z

GN GL

always silent

“s” when initial, double, or next to C, F, P, or T

sometimes “ts”

always “ny” (ñ)

usually “GL” (gla, gle, glo, glu)

--

“z” when between vowels or next to B, D, G, L, M, N, or V

sometimes “dz”

--

GLI = “LLYEE”

Double ConsonantsWhen a consonant is doubled, its sound becomes longer, and the sound of the vowel before it becomes shorter.

For bb, cc, cch, ff, gg, ggh, pp, tt, and zz, the longer sound feels like holding back the air, making a silent pause.

For ll, mm, nn, rr, and ss, the sound is just a longer version of the normal sound. Rr is always rolled.

hai

sala scarpe

Firenze

lasagna

Gloria

halloween

Pisa sbaglio

zero

bagno

famiglia

double babbo faccia

macchina buffo

peggio agghiacciato

tappo fatto pizza

double bella

mamma penna ferro cassa

single globo bacia

discoteche fotografo

regio paghi capo dato

romanzo

single tela

poema pena nero casa

Hard SoftAOUEI


Incontri un amico nella metro

Ciao, Diego! Come va?

Ciao, Maria. Tutto bene, grazie. E tu?

Tutto bene.

Ecco la mia fermata! Scendi anche tu?

No, vado a Graham Avenue.

Va bene Maria, a presto!

Buongiorno.

Ciao.

Come ti chiami?

Mi chiamo Marco.

Piacere Marco. Mi chiamo Nicoletta.

Piacere.

Come ti chiami?

Risposte (Responses)

Sto bene, grazie. Tutto bene.

Mi chiamo...

Sono di...Abito a/in...

Ho __#__ anni.

Niente.

Saluti (Greetings)

Ciao./Salve. Buongiorno. Buona sera.Piacere.

Saluti (Goodbyes)

Ciao. Buona giornata. Buona serata. Arrivederci. A presto.

Domande (Questions)

Come stai? (i) Come sta? (f) Come va?

Come ti chiami? (i) Come si chiama? (f)

Di dove sei?Dove abiti?

Quanti anni hai?

Che fai?E tu? E Lei?

Esercizio A and B: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate “Saluti” Esercizio A

F: Ciao, ___ _________ Fabrizio. _____ _______? G: ___ ____________ Giulia. ______________, Fabrizio. F: ___________... ____________ anni hai? G: Ho ventiquattro anni. ____ __________? F: _________ ventitre ________! A presto, Giulia. G: Ciao! A presto!

Esercizio B

P: Ciao Silvia, _________ _______________________? S: Sto ________ ____________. ____ _________? P: ______________. Che ______________? S: __________________________. P: __________________________! S: Buona ______________, Paolo!


numeri - numberszero uno due tre quattro cinque sei sette otto nove

zero cento duecento trecento quattrocento cinquecento seicento settecento ottocento novecento

venti ventuno ventidue ventitre ventiquattro venticinque ventisei ventisette ventotto ventinove

zero dieci venti trenta quaranta cinquanta sessanta settanta ottanta novanta

0 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 0 - 90 (by 10s) 0 - 900 (by 100s)

Larger numbers are formed by combining smaller numbers to form one long word:Esempio: 357 = trecento + cinquanta + sette = “trecentocinquantasette”

When the last digit is 1 or 8, the final -a of the tens digit is dropped to avoid a double vowel:

Esempi: 31 = trenta + uno = “trentuno” 98 = novanta + otto = “novantotto”

The word for “thousand” is “mille”, but for 2000 or greater it changes to “mila”

Esempi: 1000 = “mille” (not “uno mille”) 2012 = “duemiladodici”

dieci undici dodici tredici quattordici quindici sedici diciassette diciotto diciannove

Esercizio A: Fill in the grids with random numbers from 1-1000. Play tic-tac-toe with a partner, but first say the number for each spot you pick!

16 39 24

7 41 55

11 20 38


Verbs...in context! Ok, now that you’ve got some of the basics of pronunciation down, it’s time to start to understand verbs. All Fluent City professors agree that the verb is the most important part of any sentence, so you can imagine why we want you to focus on them at all times.

To understand verbs, you need to understand what conjugation is. Because conjugation is often very simple in English, English speakers are often totally unaware of it. It is definitely more complex in Italian and it is helpful if you understand how it works in English before you start learning how to do it in Italian on the next page.

Here are some of the major ideas:

-an infinitive of a verb in English includes the word “to”. Examples of some infinitives in English:

to walk to work to find to speak to buy to rest

-To conjugate a verb means to taking “to walk” and turning it into: I walk, you walk, he walks, etc. so that it can be used in a sentence.

Here’s the full conjugation of the verb “to walk” in English:

to walk

I walk We walk You walk You (all) walk* He walks/She walks/It walks They walk

*You is plural here as in “you guys” or “y’all” or, in correct/official English, simply “you” just as in singular form.

Note: Notice how the verb for he, she, and it are all conjugated the same way.

-In English, conjugation is simple. You drop the word “to” from the infinitive, and do nothing for “I” and “you”. For “he”, all you do is add an s. Even if you wanted to continue with more subject pronouns (we, they, etc.) and conjugations, you’d still have the word “walk” with not much of a change from the infinitive, except for the lack of the word “to”. Easy, right?

Be careful, though! The spelling and pronunciation changes are much more drastic in Italian as you’ll see on the next page!

GOALS The goal of the next two pages is to get you comfortable with how verb conjugation works in Italian. The list on the left side of the page is a list of infinitives of basic verbs to start with. Look them up in your dictionary and learn them as “to ____”. That way, it will make sense when you conjugate them with all the subject pronouns (I, you, he, etc.).

Of course, when studying verbs and conjugation, verb tenses come up. Right now, we are only going to introduce you to the present tense.


verbi - verbs

i pronomi di soggetto

-ARE verbsOn the left is a list of verbs that end in -are in their dictionary (infinitive) form.

To use a verb in a sentence, you first have to change (conjugate) it to fit the subject. To conjugate the verbs in this list, just drop the -are, and add the following endings:

-ARE Verbs abitare____________ amare____________ arrivare____________ ascoltare____________ aspettare___________ camminare__________ ballare____________ cantare____________ chiamare___________ comprare___________ contare____________ costare____________ cucinare____________ desiderare__________ fumare____________ guardare____________ imparare____________ incontrare___________ invitare____________ lavorare____________ mandare____________ parlare____________ pensare ____________ portare____________ usare____________ ritornare____________ suonare____________

-Vocabulary il coinquilino________

in centro____________ a New York__________ in anticipo___________ in ritardo____________ il lavoro____________ molto____________ il libro____________ con______________ in treno_________ in macchina_________ l’italiano____________ il francese___________ lo spagnolo__________ lo strumento_________ l’amico____________ il film____________ la televisione________ tempo libero_________

SINGULAR PLURAL

I = io WE = noi

YOU = tu YOU ALL = voi

HE = lui SHE = lei YOU (f) = Lei

THEY = loro

parlare - to speak

(io) -o (noi) -iamo (tu) -i (voi) -ate (lui/lei/Lei) -a (loro) -ano

Esercizio A: Use the spaces below to try a verb of your own.

(io) parlo (noi) parliamo (tu) parli (voi) parlate (lui/lei/Lei) parla (loro) parlano

(io) (noi) (tu) (voi) (lui/lei/Lei) (loro)

Below are the Italian subject pronouns and their English equivalents. Italian verbs are most often used without these pronouns, so they will appear in parentheses to remind you that they’re usually dropped.

Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Fumi?/ Sì, fumo/No, non fumo/ Lui fuma.

Question: Their answer in 3rd person:

________________________________ ___________________________________

________________________________ ___________________________________

_________________________________ ___________________________________


When the infinitive ends in -iare, the tu and noi endings contain only one -i, not two.

-IARE Verbs mangiare______________ comunicare___________ studiare_______________

mangiare - to eat(io) mangio (noi) mangiamo (tu) mangi (voi) mangiate (lui/lei/Lei) mangia (loro) mangiano

Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Mangi carne?/ Sì, mangio carne/No, non mangio carne/ Lui mangia carne.


____________________________________ ____________________________________

____________________________________ ____________________________________

____________________________________ ____________________________________

When the infinitive ends in -care/-gare, the tu and noi forms add -h- before the ending. cercare - to look for (io) cerco (noi) cerchiamo (tu) cerchi (voi) cercate (lui/lei/Lei) cerca (loro) cercano

CARE/-GARE Verbs cercare__________________ giocare a_________________

(io) (noi) (tu) (voi) (lui/lei/Lei) (loro/Loro)

Esercizio A: Use the spaces below to try a verb of your choice.



Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Giochi a tennis?/ Sì, gioco a tennis/No, non gioco a tennis/ Lei gioca a tennis.


____________________________________ ____________________________________

____________________________________ ____________________________________

____________________________________ ____________________________________

-ARE Verbs: Spelling Changes

-Vocabulary a casa________

in biblioteca__________ tutti i giorni__________ il dolce_____________ il formaggio__________ la minestra___________ il gelato____________ gli spaghetti__________ le verdure__________ il piatto_____________ il vitello_____________

-Vocabulary

un buon ristorante_______

un buon libro__________ il conto_______________ a pallacanestro_________


infiniti - infinitivesWhen there is more than one verb in the same part of the sentence only the first verb is conjugated. The remaining verbs stay in the infinitive (dictionary form):

Amo cantare! Cerco di parlare l’italiano.

negazione - negationTo make a verb negative, add non before the conjugated form:

Non sono italiano. Non ho una macchina.

Alessandro non studia il francese. Gli americani non mangiano bene.


Articles...in context! The two main articles are a (or an when the next word begins with a vowel) and the.

A is an indefinite article and is used for non-specific things: a book (any old book), a chair (just any chair), an Olympian (there are many, I’m not talking about a specific one)....

The is a definite article and is used for specific things: the book you were talking about the other day, the chair that is empty right next to you, the Olympian with the most medals...

In Italian, the usage of definite and indefinite articles is fundamentally the same. When you want to express:

the, you use the definite articles il, lo, la, i, gli, or le.

a/an, you use the indefinite articles un, uno, una, un’, dei, degli, or delle.*

Why six or seven choices for each?

In English, one could say: the chair, the dog, the scene, the chairs, the dogs, the scenes. In Italian, each of these nouns have a gender (either masculine or feminine) and the article changes based on that AND depending on the first letter of the noun. There is also a different article for plural nouns in Italian, whereas in English it’s the same article for the cat and the cats. In Italian, it’s il gatto vs i gatti.

***The concept of nouns having gender can be hard to wrap your head around if this is the first foreign language you are learning and your professor can give you as many tips as possible for how to learn its gender along with a noun, but when it comes right down it, it just has to be memorized.

Now that you know how to deal with “a” vs “the”, what about when there is no article at all in English? Here are some examples:

I love math. (not the math, or a math, but math in general) He is watching TV. (not the tv in the living room, not one of his many tvs) Those are chairs. (not the chairs that specifically belong in this room, but just “some” chairs)

In the first two examples, math and tv are “big ideas” or general concepts. When we refer to these in English, we don’t use an article. In Italian, an article is required almost all of the time. In cases where you’re referring to a “big idea”, use the definite articles il, lo, la, i, gli, and le for the equivalent of the. This is why Italian people tend to say something like “I study the chemistry” when they are still learning English. The reason is because they use the equivalent of the in their language for that sentence.

The third example is “chairs”. What is the plural of a chair?. That is a chair, those are...chairs. What is the plural of “a”? It’s actually “some”, but we usually drop it in English. Again, though, an article is required with a noun at almost all times in Italian. In this case, you’d use the plural indefinite articles dei, degli, or delle.

When it comes right down to it, though, translating the sentence from English to Italian and using the definite articles when you would use the in English and the indefinite articles when you’d use a, an, or some in English will get you a long way in understanding articles and starting to use them correctly.

GOALS

The goal of the next two page is to get you used to the gender of nouns and which article (the equivalent of “a” vs “the”) to use with each noun. See more about the gender of nouns here: www.fluentcityblog.com/gender

Start with looking up some nouns/words that you use every day. Your dictionary will have a little “m” or “f” next to it or an “nm” or “nf”, for “noun feminine” or “noun masculine”. Always write the gender next to the word for the noun that you translated into English. You will quickly learn that knowing the word for “table” for example, in Italian won’t help you use it in a sentence unless you know its gender.


articoli - articlesArticles are short words that help show whether a noun is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural.

There are two major types of article: the definite article (the), and the indefinite article (a/an). To choose between the two types, use the same logic you would use between the and a/an in English.

The only major difference is that in Italian general ideas have to use the definite article:

*masculine words that start with z, ps, gn, or s + consonant

masculine, definite articles 1) _____ libro _____ libri 2) _____ ragazzo _____ ragazzi 3) _____ museo _____ musei 4) _____posto _____ posti 5) _____ zio _____ zii

masculine, indefinite articles 6) _____ spazio _____ spazi 7) _____amico _____ amici 8) _____ albero _____ alberi 9) _____ padre _____genitori 10)_____ socio _____ soci

feminine, definite articles 1) _____macchina _____macchine 2) _____ sorella _____sorelle 3) _____pizza _____pizze 4)_____donna _____donne 5)_____scuola _____scuole

feminine, indefinite articles 6) _____amica _____amiche 7) _____farfalla _____farfalle 8) _____casa _____case 9) _____zia _____zie 10) _____entrata _____entrate

Esercizio A: FIll in the blank with the appropriate article.

MASCULINE

Singular Plural

FEMININE

Singular Plural

Definite Articles:

la porta le porte Vowel l’anatra le anatre

Definite Articles: il libro i libri Special lo zaino* gli zaini Vowel l’albero gli alberi

Indefinite Articles: un libro dei libri Special uno zaino* degli zaini Vowel un albero degli alberi

Indefinite Articles:

una porta delle porte Vowel un’anatra delle anatre


maybe/perhaps museum now office packet page paper park password pen question restaurant roommate sale sentence sheet shopping state store street student subway table teacher television “That sucks” “That's awesome” theater/cinema there today tomorrow truth until verb with without yesterday “How do you say___?” “How do you write/spell__?” “What does that mean?”

Vocabulary At Fluent City, we leave vocabulary (especially nouns) up to you for the most part as we don’t believe that one can be “taught” vocabulary. Your professor will, however, make sure that you use and hear lots of these basic words in class to help make them stick in your brain as you start to learn them. Don’t let the size of this list overwhelm you for any reason. Look up 10 words a day for a couple of weeks and make note cards or start to memorize them as best you can. Don’t forget to learn the gender with the noun!

GOALS

Keep your own lists of vocabulary and look up the words that you think you might want to know for everyday topics (food/drink that you consume daily, basic clothes-related words, immediate family members and friends, etc.)

The trick with vocabulary is to not spend time, energy, and brainpower filling your brain with words you’d never use as a beginner or intermediate speaker any way.

You shouldn’t worry about how to say “nailclipper” for example, when you don’t even know the word for “hand”. If you want to build up your vocabulary with body parts, for example, focus on “hand”, “leg”, and “eyes” and not “eyebrow”, “thumb”, and “thigh”.

Therefore, LIMIT YOURSELF with vocabulary. Even the most ambitious and dedicated students won’t be able to remember a lot of words that you don’t use on an every day basis. Give it time and practice as few as 5-10 week, if necessary.

after almost also apartment app bag band/group bar bathroom beach between bike board book boss building buy, pay, sell (verbs) car cash chair city class (“course” AND “group of people”) classroom club co-worker computer concert conjugation/to conjugate credit card desk dictionary discount during email eraser folder for friend grocery store “Happy Birthday” here homework house if internet kitchen like/as living room map marker

More information about vocabulary can be found here: www.fluentcityblog.com/vocabulary.

Esercizio A: Cosa c’è?

Esempi:C’è una tavola in sala. Ci sono delle sedie in sala.

c’è / ci sono

To express “there is” or “there are”, one uses:

Esercizio B: Write three sentences of things that are (ci sono) in your apartment. Make two of them true and one false. Share with the class and see if they can figure out your lie!________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________


-ERE VerbsOn the left is a list of verbs that end in -ere in the infinitive. To conjugate them, drop the -ere, and add the following endings:

perdere - to lose

-ERE VERBS

accendere______________ chiedere_______________ conoscere______________ correre_______________ credere_______________ leggere_______________ mettere_______________ perdere_______________ prendere_______________ ridere_______________ ripetere_______________ rispondere______________ scrivere_______________ vedere_______________ vendere_______________ vincere_______________

-Vocabulary

la domanda persona famosa nel parco in palestra quel la rivista il giornale l’autobus la metro la chiave al giorno

(io) -o (noi) -iamo (tu) -i (voi) -ete (lui/lei/Lei) -e (loro) -ono


(io) perdo (noi) perdiamo (tu) perdi (voi) perdete (lui/lei/Lei) perde (loro) perdono


Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Corri di mattina?/ Sì, corro di mattina/No, non corro./ Lui corre di mattina.


________________________________ ___________________________________

________________________________ ___________________________________

_________________________________ ___________________________________

Esercizio A: Use the spaces below to try a verb of your own. (io) (noi) (tu) (voi) (lui/lei/Lei) (loro)

(io) parto (noi) partiamo (tu) parti (voi) partite (lui/lei/Lei) parte (loro) partono

partire - to depart

(io) -o (noi) -iamo (tu) -i (voi) -ite (lui/lei/Lei) -e (loro) -ono

On the left is a list of verbs that end in -ire in the infinitive. To conjugate them, drop the -ire, and add the following endings:

-IRE Verbs-IRE VERBS

aprire_______________ dormire_______________ partire_______________ seguire_______________ sentire_______________

-Vocabulary

la finestra_______________ il libro_______________ a mezzanotte____________ il treno_______________ il volo_______________ l’autobus_______________ oggi_______________ domani_______________ questo pomeriggio _______ in un mese_______________ la gente_______________ la corrente_______________ la musica_______________ i podcast_______________


Esercizio A: Use the spaces below to try a verb of your own. (io) (noi) (tu) (voi) (lui/lei/Lei) (loro/Loro)

-ISC- VERBS

finire__________________

preferire____________

pulire__________________

(io) capisco (noi) capiamo (tu) capisci (voi) capite (lui/lei/Lei) capisce (loro/Loro) capiscono

Many -IRE verbs add -isc- before the ending in the boot (the io, tu, lui/lei and loro forms)

capire - to understand

Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Dormi a mezzanotte?/ Sì, dormo a mezzanotte./ No, non dormo a mezzanotte./ Lui dorme a mezzanotte.


________________________________ ___________________________________

________________________________ ___________________________________

_________________________________ ___________________________________

-IRE Boot Verbs

Esercizio A: Use the spaces below to try a verb of your own. (io) (noi) (tu) (voi) (lui/lei/Lei) (loro)

Esercizio B: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Preferisci ballare o cantare?/ Preferisco ballare./ Lui preferisce ballare.


________________________________ ___________________________________

________________________________ ___________________________________

_________________________________ ___________________________________

-Vocabulary i compiti_____________

il bagno_____________ i piatti_______________ il vino o la birra_______


in cerca d’amore

Your friend Giulia has had a tough time on the dating scene in the past few months. She’s decided to try out an online dating site, but her Italian is a bit rusty. Help her write her profile by providing the correct conjugations for the -ARE verbs below.

Ciao! Mi (chiamare) ________________ Giulia. (abitare) _______________ a Roma, e (studiare)

_________ l’italiano all’università. Nel mio tempo libero, (passare) _______________ molto tempo con i miei amici.

Loro (fumare) ____________ molto peró io non_______________. (guardare, noi) ______________ spesso dei

film, perché (cercare) ________________ di migliorare il nostro italiano. La mia coinquilina Sara (cucinare)

_________________ molto bene, e quindi non (mangiare) ___________ quasi mai al ristorante. Mandare una mail

se (desiderare) ___________ conoscere una ragazza bella, divertente, e intelligente. Tanto meglio se tu (ballare)

___________ o (cantare) ___________ bene, perché (amare) ___________ la musica. (sperare) ___________

d’incontrare il vero amore!

Caro Carlo,

Non (capire) ________________ le tue azioni. Perché (continuare) _________________ a chiamare se io

non (rispondere) _______________? Perché (scrivere) ________________ 200 SMS al giorno che io non

(leggere) _____________________? Tutta questa roba (sprecare) ____________ il mio tempo.

Tra un mese io (partire) _____________ per gli Stati Uniti, e tu (ripetere) ________________ che desideri

venire con me. Tu (pensare) _________________ troppo al passato. La nostra storia (finire) ________________

qui. Io non (chiedere) ____________ niente a te, e non (promettere) _____________ di cambiare.

After Giulia posted her ad, she met Carlo, who at age 30 still lives with his mother. After a few months, he turned out to be a bit too clingy, and now Giulia needs to let him down easy. Help her write the breakup email by filling in the missing -ERE and -IRE verbs below.


domande - questionsQuestions in Italian have two main forms:

• To ask a yes/no question, just take any statement and change the intonation. Esempio: Do you live in New York? = (Tu) abiti a New York?

• To ask an open-ended question, start with a question word, then put the subject after the verb. Esempi: Where does she work? = Dove lavora (lei)? When does the train leave? = Quando parte il treno?

Che ? / Cosa ? = What ?

Quale x ? / Quali x ? = Which x ? Come ? = How ?

Perché ? = Why ?

Dove ? = Where ?

Quando? / A che ora? = When ? / At what time ?

Quanto x ? / Quanta x ? = How much x ?

Quanti x ? / Quante x ? = How many x ?

Chi ? = Who ?

parole interrogative - question words

Esercizio A: Fill in the blanks with the correct question word.

1. __________ arrivano loro ? Arrivano alle 19.

2. __________ abiti tu ? Abito a New York.

3. __________ costa quel computer ? Costa 350 euro.

4. __________ studi l’italiano ? Studio l’italiano perché la mia fidanzata è italiana.

5. __________ arrivi alla classe ? Arrivo alla classe in metro.

6. __________ parte il nostro volo ? Parte domani.

7. __________ lavora tuo fratello ? Lavora in centro.

8. __________ capisce l’italiano ? Noi capiamo l’italiano.

9. __________ film guardi in un mese ? Guardo almeno 2 film.

10. __________ stai mangiando ? Sto mangiando una pizza

11. __________ squadra di baseball preferisci ? Preferisco gli Yankees.


Try some of these questions with a classmate. We haven’t covered all of the verbs or nouns used here yet, so chip away at this list over time.

1. Do you walk to Italian class? 2. When do you arrive at work? 3. Do you try to finish everything? 4. Do you hope to travel next summer? Where? 5. Do you speak French? 6. What time do you get home? 7. With whom do you travel? 8. Where does your boyfriend/girlfriend live? 9. Do you listen to music on the subway? 10. Do you smoke? 11. Do your parents/siblings smoke? 12. What sports teams do you watch? 13. Do you help your mom in the kitchen? 14. Where do your parents live? 15. Do you sing in public? 16. Do you sing well? 17. Do you use a dictionary in class? 18. Do your friends send you letters or emails? 19. Do you spend a lot of money on alcohol? 20. Do you call your parents every day? Every week? 21. How many pens to you bring to class? 22. How many hours of T.V. do you watch in a week? 23. Do you travel for work? 24. Do your parents travel a lot? 25. Do we learn French in this class? 26. Do you run in a park? Which park? 27. Do you believe in Santa Claus? 28. Do you eat seafood? 29. Do we understand Italian? 30. Do you always respond to missed calls? 31. Do your friends write poems? 32. Do you live in Brooklyn or Manhattan? 33. Do you open doors for others? 34. How many SMS do you receive in a day? 35. Do you make (use “prepare”) dinner every day? 36. Do you smile at strangers? 37. When do you eat lunch? 38. When do you return from lunch? 39. What time do you go to bed? 40. Do you take planes often? Where to? 41. Do you understand Italian? 42. Do you always close the door? 43. When do you begin work? 44. Do you lose things often? 45. Is it better to live in Brooklyn or Manhattan? 46. Do you drive fast? 47. Are your parents nice? 48. How are you? 49. How’s it going? 50. Do I look good today? 51. Where are we?

52. Are the lights in your apartment off? 53. Are you tired right now? 54. Do you have brothers or sisters? 55. Are you hot? 56. Do you have a girlfriend or boyfriend? 57. Is your boyfriend or girlfriend shy? 58. Are you hungry? 59. Are you sleepy? 60. Do you eat in restaurants often? 61. Is it good or bad weather today? 62. When do you eat lunch? 63. Do you tell long stories? 64. How much does Italian class cost? 65. When do you return home? 66. What time do you go to sleep? 67. Can you speak Italian? 68. Can your best friend dance well? 69. Can elephants fly? 70. Do you understand Italian? 71. Do you always close the door? 72. When do you begin work? 73. How often do you lose things? 74. Do you prefer to speak to your mom or your dad? 75. Do you ask for help? 76. Who laughs more, men or women? 77. Where do they serve good food around here?

domande


avverbi - adverbsAdverbs describe verbs and adjectives in more detail. Adverbs always come right after the verb, which means their position is often very different than in English.

abbastanza

adesso

anche

ancora

bene

così

forse

forte

già

lentamente

male

meno

mai

molto

piano

più

poco

presto

quasi

sempre

solo

tardi

troppo

velocemente

She speaks English well. We always eat lunch at 2pm.

Lei parla bene inglese.Noi pranziamo sempre alle 14.

Esercizio A: Create 3 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Cammini velocemente?/ Sì, cammino velocemente/No, non cammino velocemente/Lui cammina velocemente.


___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________


Regular vs. Irregular Verbs...in context! You now can make a lot of simple sentences in Italian using basic vocabulary and regular (and slightly irregular) -are, -ere and -ire verbs. It’s time to understand what an irregular verb is.

Unlike regular verbs, irregular verbs aren’t conjugated according to a firm pattern or formula. When it comes right down to it, you have to learn the conjugations individually.

The absolute most important irregular verbs in Italian to start to get comfortable with are:

to be to stay to have to drink to do/to make (it’s the same verb in Italian) to come to go to go out (with friends) to want to say to can (to be able to) and, to know

Use a verb conjugation book (such as Barron’s 501 Italian Verbs) to look up the spelling/conjugation of a certain verb. A dictionary will only give you the infinitive and you’ll need to be able to conjugate the verb correctly in sentences. Knowing that “andare” is to go, for example, won’t help you if you want to say “I go to that store every day after work.” because you’d only be able to say “I to go to that store...” if you didn’t know the conjugation of andare with io.

Irregular verbs exist in English as well and cause as much frustration for beginner students of English as ones in Italian will for you. Someone learning English can pretty quickly get that to walk is I walk, you walk, he walks and that to sing, to dance, to stay, and most other verbs in English are conjugated the same (I sing, you sing, he sings...I dance, you dance, he dances...I stay, you stay, he stays, etc.). All of a sudden, though, to be is extremely irregular. To be is conjugated as I am, you are, and he is.

The same extreme differences exist in Italian and, when it really comes down to it, you just have to use the verb in lots of sentences enough to remember it.

GOALS

The goal of the next two pages is to start to get comfortable with two specific irregular verbs: essere (to be) and avere (to have) so that you can stop avoiding them in sentences. By getting familiar with these two specific verbs, hopefully you will start to also get comfortable with the idea of irregular verbs, especially as compared to regular verbs.Don’t worry if it takes a while before you get good at spitting out the conjugations of these two verbs. The conjugation of any one specific rrregular verb definitely takes time to master and there are a lot of them, so don’t let yourself get overwhelmed!


essere - to be(io) sono (noi) siamo (tu) sei (voi) siete (lui/lei/Lei) è (loro) sono

Essere is mainly used to identify or describe people and things, and also to talk about time, date, and location:

“Pronto.” “Chi parla?” “Sono Diego.”

Sono di Milano, ma abito a Brooklyn. Tu di dove sei?

Siamo stanchi perché lavoriamo troppo.

Che ore sono? Sono le 5.

Cos’è?

1. “Law & Order” è un programma_______________.

2. “Single Ladies” _______________________________.

3. L’italiano ____________________________________.

4. Nicoletta ____________________________________.

5. Io _______________________________________.

6. I libri “Harry Potter”____________________________.

7. FC Milano _____________________________________.

8. Mickey e Minnie _________________________.

9. McDonald’s _____________________________.

10.Corona _________________________________.

11. CNN.com _____________________________.

12. “Come ti chiami?” ______________________.

13. Roma e Napoli _____________________.

14. Noi __________________________.

*NOTE* With the verb essere, an article is usually not used with nationalities and religions.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Esercizio B: Describe a celebrity using essere and adjectives. Read it aloud for the class to try to guess who it is!

Esercizio A: What are these things? Use the verb ESSERE to define each thing. #1 is done as an example.


4 forms: -o (masc. singular) -i (masc. plural) -a (fem. singular) -e (fem. plural)

2 forms: -e (m./f. singular) -i (m./f. plural)

un ragazzo timido una ragazza timida due ragazzi timidi due ragazze timide un ragazzo intelligente una ragazza intelligente due ragazzi intelligenti due ragazze intelligenti

alto

americano

basso

bello

bravo

brutto

buono

contento

costoso

delizioso

economico

famoso

italiano

lento

noioso

nuovo

piccolo

perfetto

primo

secondo

simpatico

stanco

timido

vecchio

some adjectives with 4 forms

some adjectives with 2 forms

difficile

divertente

facile

felice

giovane

grande

importante

intelligente

interessante

regionale

triste

veloce

aggettivi - adjectivesAdjectives must change forms to match (agree with) the person or thing being described. Adjectives in general come AFTER the noun. There are two major categories of adjectives, those with 4 forms, and those with 2.

1. una casa ________________

2. degli spaghetti ___________

3. un cane _________________

4. un libro _________________

5. dei libri __________________

6. una canzone _____________

7. un castello _______________

8. uno studio _______________

9. una macchina ____________

10.delle bambine ____________

11.tre americani ____________

12. una serata ______________

13. degli studenti ____________

14.una storia _______________

15.un grattacielo _______

16.cinque sedie ________

17.un attore ___________

18.una giornata ________

19.dei momenti ________

20.un esercizio ________

21.un treno ___________

Esercizio A: Fill in an adjective of your choice, using the correct form:


avere - to have (io) ho (noi) abbiamo (tu) hai (voi) avete (lui/lei/Lei) ha (loro) hanno

Mi dispiace carissima. Ho dei fiori per te.

A lot of expressions that use avere use “to be” in English:

Remember, one has a certain number of years as opposed to being a certain number of years old, so use avere to tell how old you are!

Quanti anni hai? Ho 9 anni. Quanti anni ha lui? Ha 99 anni.

Antonio vive in un appartamento al centro di Roma. Lui lavora in un ristorante vicino a casa. Abita con sua moglie. Si chiama Ana. Lavora nella scuola. Loro ________due figli. Un figlio __________tre anni, e la bambina__________18 mesi. Loro mangiano tutto il giorno. ____________ sempre fame. Antonio cucina molto per la sua famiglia e per i clienti del ristorante. A volte, Antonio_________________bisogno di mangiare in un ristorante diverso. Di solito mangiano al ristorante d’Antonio. Ana dice* che il suo cibo è migliore. Lei ____________ragione! *dice = ‘She says’

La Famiglia i nonni il nonno la nonna i genitori il padre la madre (papá) (mamma) il marito la moglie i figli il figlio la figlia il fratello la sorella i parenti lo zio la zia il nipote la nipote il cugino la cugina

Esercizio A: Choose the correct form of AVERE to fill in the blanks

avere fame

avere sete

avere freddo

avere caldo

avere ragione

avere bisogno di...

Esercizio B: Create 2 questions in the Tu form. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Hai una bicicletta?/Ho una bicicletta. / Lui ha una bicicletta.


________________________________ ___________________________________

________________________________ ___________________________________


Like other adjectives, possessives change endings according to what they are describing. Possessives usually need

the definite article (il/la/i/le), except if alone after essere, or when referring to a family member in the singular.

These exceptions don’t apply to the loro form, which always needs an article.

1. ____________ casa è grande. (my)

2. Gianni,________ macchina è verde? (your)

3. No,___________libri non sono gialli! (my)

4. ____________ padre abita a Boston. (my)

5. ______________ professori sono simpatici. (our)

6. ______________ sorella è giovane. (y’all’s)

7. _______________ libri sono vecchi. (her)

8. ____________ macchina è piccola. (his)

9. ____________ figli sono irritanti (their)

10. ___________ amiche sono belle. (my)

11.____________ amici sono italiani (our)

12. ___________ bicicletta è nuova. (his)

13. ___________ bicicletta è vecchia (her)

14. Questa è _____________ penna? (y’all’s)

Esercizio A: Fill in the blank with the appropriate possessive article.

Esercizio B: Create 4 questions using the possessive pronouns. Ask a classmate and report to the class. Esempi: Tuo padre ha una bicicletta nuova?/Mio padre ha una bicicletta nuova./Suo padre ha una bicicletta nuova.


___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________

i possessivi-possessives

Masculine Feminine

Singular Plural Singular Plural

My il mio gatto i miei gatti la mia casa le mie case

Your (Familiar) il tuo gatto i tuoi gatti la tua casa le tue case

His, Her, its, your(formal)

il suo gatto i suoi gatti la sua casa le sue case

Our il nostro gatto i nostri gatti la nostra casa le nostre case

Your (plural and familiar)

il vostro gatto i vostri gatti la vostra casa le vostre case

Their, Your(plural and formal)

il loro gatto i loro gatti la loro casa le loro case


andare - to go(io) vado (noi) andiamo (tu) vai (voi) andate (lui/lei/Lei) va (loro) vanno

andare via andare d’accordo con andare in vacanza andare a letto

Unlike English, In Italian the verb “to go” can be used to express the future only when the subject is physically going to DO something: “We’re going to work tomorrow.” The future is normally expressed by just using the present tense: “Domani guardiamo un film.”

1. (io) ______________ a lavorare in Italia.

2. (noi) ______________ al matrimonio di ostra figlia.

3. (io) ______________ a teatro a vedere il dramma di Shakespeare.

4. (tu) ______________ al cinema tutti i sabati sera?

5. (io) ______________ a comprare il giornale.

6. Laura ______________ in un viaggio scolastico con la sua classe.

7. (Loro) ______________ a sciare l'inverno prossimo.

8. Voi, a che ora ______________ per una bevanda?

9. Oggi, (noi)______________ a comprare una macchina nuova.

10. Le ragazze______________ alla festa di fine anno

Esercizio A: Fill in the Blank with the correct form of ANDARE.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Esercizio B: Write out where you’re going this weekend and where you’re going for your next vacation. Ask the questions below to learn about your partner’s plans.

Dove vai questo weekend? Dove vai in vacanza?


Prepositions are often the hardest part about learning a new language. Prepositions in Italian don’t always match up perfectly with their English counterparts. When you learn a new verb, use a verb book to see how it uses prepositions!

The verbs ascoltare and cercare for example, do not take a preposition. The “to” or “for” that we use after the verbs “to listen” and “to look” in English is already included in the Italian verb itself.

Ascolto la radio. Cerchi un nuovo appartamento?

preposizioni - prepositions

Sometimes you will even encounter verbs that take a preposition that doesn’t seem logical in English, such as the verb giocare taking a after it.

Nicoletta gioca a basket. (Word for word, this would be translated Nicoletta plays at basketball.)

When they appear before a definite article, many Italian prepositions combine with the article to create one word.

Michele va a il cinema stasera Michele va al cinema stasera. [a + il]

il lo l’ la i gli le

a = to (at/in) al allo all’ alla ai agli alle

da = from dal dallo dall’ dalla dai dagli dalle

in = in (to/at/by) nel nello nell’ nella nei negli nelle

di = of del dello dell’ della dei degli delle

su = on sul sullo sull’ sulla sui sugli sulle

Esercizio A:

1. su – Gli ingredienti sono __________ etichetta.

2. di – Questi sono i libri __________ studenti.

3. in – __________ zaino ho una penna.

4. per – Il treno __________ Svizzera passa

__________ montagne.

5. da – Domani vado __________ farmacista.

6. in – L’architetto è __________ studio.

7. da – Il treno parte __________ stazione.

8. da – Riceve molte lettere __________ suoi amici.

9. a – Chiediamo un’informazione __________

responsabile.

Esercizio B

1. a – Spedite delle lettere __________ vostre

amiche.

2. su – C’è qualcosa __________ scrivania.

3. tra – Roma è __________ più belle città del

mondo.

4. di – Il quadro è __________ settecento.

5. in – C’è sempre rumore __________ negozi.

6. a – Compra il biglietto __________ sportello.

7. da – I pomodori arrivono __________ America.

8. su – Sta camminando __________ tetto.

9. in – I turisti cenano __________ osteria.

* TRA (between/amongst) and PER (for/to) do not contract.

Esercizio A and B: Fill in the blank with the correct Combination of Article and preposition.


fare gli auguri (a)

fare attenzione (a)

fare bella/brutta figura

fare un viaggio

fare una domanda

fare la spesa

fare i compiti

fare una passeggiata

fare male

Che tempo fa oggi?

fa caldo fa bel tempo

fa freddo fa brutto tempo

Che fai stasera?

Esercizio A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the irregular verbs.

Cornelius : Ciao Diego, che ____________________ (are you doing) stasera ?

Diego : Io ______________ (do my homework), e dopo spero di ____________________ (take a walk).

Cornelius : Stasera noi ________________ (say happy birthday) a Carolina per il suo compleanno.

Diego : No, preferisco ________________ (to do my homework) e andare a letto presto.

Cornelius : Ma daaaai! Un po’ di festa ___________________ (can’t hurt) !

Diego : Va bene, se ____________________ (it’s nice weather), allora sì.

One often uses fare to talk about the weather (il tempo):

For snowing and raining there are specific verbs instead:

piovere piove nevicare nevica

fare - to do / to make (io) faccio (noi) facciamo (tu) fai (voi) fate (lui/lei/Lei) fa (loro) fanno

Cosa fate dopo la lezione? I miei amici non fanno mai i compiti!

Ci sono molte espressioni con fare:


gennaio febbraio marzo aprile maggio giugno luglio agosto settembre ottobre novembre dicembre

i giorni della settimanalunedì martedì mercoledì giovedì venerdì sabato domenica

Dates are always in the following format, and days and months are never capitalized:

il # month (year)

Esempio: Che data è oggi? Oggi è il sei luglio 2012.

le date

The 1st = il primoil primo gennaio

The 8th = l‘ottol’otto settembre

The 11th = l’undicil’undici febbraio

Esercizio B: Write your birthday (compleanno) below. Write out the year in full.

____________________________________________________________________________________.

i mesi

“Monday” = “lunedì”“on Mondays = “il lunedì”“on Sundays = “la domenica”

le stagionila primavera l’estate l’autunno l’inverno

mesi e giorni: months and days


chi manca? Fill in what is missing from the following 4 verb charts using what is there to figure out the missing pieces. Remember that the infinitive, or the translation of the infinitive, may also be missing.

fare

(io) (tu) fai (lui/lei/Lei)

(noi) facciamo (voi) (loro)

andare to go

(io) vado (tu) (lui/lei/Lei)

(noi) (voi) (loro) vanno

essere to be

(io) (tu) (lui/lei/Lei) è

(noi) (voi) (loro)

to have

(io) ho (tu) (lui/lei/Lei)

(noi) (voi) (loro)

Scegliere il verbo giusto Esercizio A: In the following phrases, fill in the blank by choosing one of the « big 4 » verbs (essere, avere, andare, fare) and conjugate it properly.

1. Tu ______________ un Mac o un PC?

2. Noi _____________ la spesa da Eataly.

3. Voi _____________ degli studenti bravissimi.

4. Noi _____________ i nostri compiti.

5. Voi _____________ ragione.

6. Che _____________ ? Giocano a frisbee.

7. Tu __________ molto bella.

8. _____________ caldo oggi.

9. I ravioli ___________ deliziosi.

10. Io ________ in Italia quest’estate.

11. Noi _____________ al cinema o all’opera?


-ESSERE QUESTIONS 1. Are your parents friendly? 2. Are you artistic? 3. How are you? 4. What color are my shoes? 5. Where are we? 6. Are the lights in your apartment off? 7. What color is the table?

-AVERE QUESTIONS 1. Do you have brothers or sister? 2. Are you hot? 3. Do you have a girlfriend or boyfriend? 4. Is our teacher lucky because we are his/her students? 5. Are you hungry? 6. Are you sleepy?

-ANDARE QUESTIONS 1. Do you go to the movies often? 2. Do you go to work by bus or by subway? 3. Where do you go after work? 4. Do you go to restaurants often? 5. Do you and your friends go to clubs on the weekends? 6. Where are you going next summer? 7. Where are you going after class? 8. Do you go to the movies often? 9. Do you go to work by bus or by subway? 10. Where do you go after work? 11. Do your friends go to New Jersey frequently? 12. Do you and your friends go to clubs? 13. Where are you going next summer?

-FARE QUESTIONS 1. Do you always do your homework? 2. Do and your friends take trips out of the city often? 3. Is it good or bad weather today? 4. Is it cold outside? 5. Do you shop at Whole Foods? 6. Does your mom shop at Whole Foods? 7. Is it hot out? 8. Do you always do your homework?

Ask and respond to these questions. We might not have covered all of the verbs or nouns used here yet, so chip away at this list over time.

domande


Your teacher may cover material from the following pages in this packet, so they are included just in case.


Esercizio B: You are preparing a dinner for friends and trying to decide what to make. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of piacere and the correct pronouns.

Tu: Benedetta, ___ ________ le lumache?

Benedetta: Sì, ___ ________.

Tu: A Marco e a Alissa piacciono le lumache?

Benedetta: No, non ___ ________.

Tu: Hmm...(voi), ___ ________ la minestra?

Benedetta: Sì ___ ________.

Tu: Va bene, (voi) ___ ________ il pesce?

Benedetta: A me sì, però (loro), non ___ ________.

Tu: Hmm, faccio spaghetti.

Benedetta: Buon’idea! (tutti noi) ___ ________.

piacere the way to express “to like”

The mechanics of piacere are very different from the straightforward verb in English, “to like.” Basically, instead of saying “I like cats,” one says: “Cats please me”. The subject is the person or thing that pleases us.

Since the subject of the verb is the thing we like, in practice there are just two main forms of piacere: piace (for singular people / things) piacciono (for plural people / things)

1. I like music.

2. He likes to smoke.

3. Do you like dogs?

1. Do they like pizza?

2. Do y’all like soccer?

6. Do we like them?

Esempi: I like cats. I gatti mi piacciono. Mi piacciono i gatti. We like the president. Il presidente ci piace. Ci piace il presidente. She likes to dance. A Lei piace ballare. Le piace ballare.

mi piace (it pleases me)

ti piace (it pleases you)

gli piace (it pleases him)

le piace (it pleases her)

ci piace (it pleases us)

vi piace (it pleases y’all)

gli piace (it pleases them)

In front of the verb, we add a pronoun that indicates who is pleased:

Just to make things a little more confusing, the order of the sentence usually puts the subject at the end:

I cani mi piacciono. Mi piacciono i cani.

Esercizio A: Try to Translate the following sentences.

Note: The pronoun is not used if the person is mentioned.

Esempi: Ai gatti piace il latte.


reflexive verbsA verb is reflexive if the subject doing the action also receives the action, as in lavarsi (to wash oneself). Italian has

many more reflexives than English, so don’t expect every example to translate neatly with “oneself”. Memorize each

reflexive along with its English translation, and don’t worry if the idea doesn’t “seem” reflexive to you. Just follow the

formula and you’ll be fine!

una mattinata tipicaEsercizio B: In the following phrases, fill in the blank by conjugating the reflexive verb in the parenthesis according to

the subject provided.

Ogni giorno (svegliarsi, io) _________________ alle 6:45, e poi (alzarsi) ___________________ alle 7:00.

Ho bisogno di aspettare un po’, mentre mia moglie (prepararsi) _________________________ e (truccarsi)

___________________ davanti allo specchio. Io (farsi) __________________ la doccia mentre lei (vestirsi)

__________________. Faccio colazione, (lavarsi) _________________ i denti, e partiamo insieme per il lavoro. Vado

a scuola dove insegno l’italiano. I miei studenti non (annoiarsi) ________________ mai, invece (divertirsi, noi)

__________________ molto durante la lezione. Ma guai se non (ricordarsi) _________________ di fare i compiti!

(io) mi vesto (noi) ci vestiamo

(tu) ti vesti (voi) vi vestite

(lui/lei) si veste (loro) si vestono

vestir si - to get (oneself) dressed

In the infinitive, reflexive verbs end in -si. To conjugate, move the -si in front of the verb and change it as follows:

All of the following verbs follow this pattern. Move the -si, then conjugate them as regular -are/-ere/-ire verbs.

alzarsi

annoiarsi

chiamarsi

divertirsi

farsi la doccia

lavarsi

prepararsi

ricordarsi

svegliarsi

truccarsi


stare - to stay

Although stare means “to remain”, it can also mean “to be doing’” when talking about general well being, as in Come stai? / sto bene / sto male. It can also mean “to look” when talking about general appearance.

-ARE ---> -ando Sto mangiando = I am eating State camminando = Y’all are walking

-ERE/-IRE ---> -endo Perché stai ridendo? = Why are you laughing? Marta sta finendo i compiti = Marta is finishing the homework.

(io) sto (noi) stiamo (tu) stai (voi) state (lui/lei/Lei) sta (loro) stanno

Another use of stare is to make the present progressive (-ing) form of another verb. To make this tense, we conjugate stare and then use another verb, with the following endings:

stare +

Esercizio A: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of STARE and the gerand form of the verb in the parenthesis.

1. Maria (fare)______________ ____________________ una torta per il compleanno di Claudia.

2. Gianni e Paolo (bere)______________ ____________________ molta birra.

3. Loro (mangiare) ______________ ____________________ la colazione.

4. Mauro (lavorare)______________ ____________________ molto in banca.

5. I bambini (bere)______________ ____________________ un cioccolato caldo.

6. Tommaso (portare)______________ ____________________ un po’ di vino.

7. Noi(portare)______________ ____________________ i bambini in piscina.

8. Tua figlia (parlare)______________ ____________________bene!

9. (io) Non (capire)______________ ____________________ niente!

10. Tu (partire)______________ già ____________________?!

Stare fermo

Stare attento

Stare zitto

Some irregulars: bere: bevendo fare: facendo


Ato/in/at (cities and smaller):

to (communication):

after some verbs (+infinitive):

Abito a New York. Sono a Manhattan. C’è una mostra al museo.

Parlo a mia madre. Scrivo un’email a mio padre.

aiutare, cominciare, continuare, imparare, provare, riuscire

IN

to/in (regions, countries):

to/in/at (stores with -ia):

to/in/at (certain places):

by (mode of transit):

Andiamo in Italia. Abito in Francia. Siamo negli Stati Uniti.

Compro il prosciutto in maccelleria. Sono in libreria.

banca, chiesa, discoteca, palestra, centro, albergo, campagna

Vado al lavoro in bici. Viaggio a Roma in treno.

DI

of (possession):

of (categorization):

from (place of origin):

after some verbs (+infinitive):

La macchina di Giulia è bella. Mi piacciono le scarpe di Francesco.

Mi piace la classe di francese. Ho bisogno di un chilo di prosciutto.

Queste arancie sono di Sicilia. Io sono di New York.

cercare, credere, decidere, dimenticare, finire, pensare, sperare

DAfrom (movement / sender):

at the house / place of:

to (purpose / obligation):

A che ora arrivi dal lavoro? Ricevo molti regali dal mio fidanzato.

Stasera ceniamo da Marco. Studio l’italiano da Fluent City.

Ho molti compiti da finire per domani. Quel ristorante è da provare!

uses of prepositions

Esercizio A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.

1. Palermo è __________ Sicilia.

2. Vado al lavoro __________ metro.

3. Speriamo __________ arrivare a tempo!

4. Non diciamo* niente __________ Angela – è una sorpresa!

5. Provo __________ parlare italiano

6. Ho __________ finire i compiti __________ matematica.

7. Sabato sera andiamo tutti __________ discoteca.

8. Non c’è niente __________ mangiare.

9. Comprano dei salumi __________ macelleria.

10. Mio padre pensa __________ avere sempre ragione.

11. Abitano __________Brooklyn ma vengono __________ Minneapolis.

12. Adesso sono __________ chiesa ma dopo pranzo __________ (at the place of) Gianni.

13. L’anno prossimo vado _____ Italia _____ Venezia nell’appartamento _____ Giorgio.

14. Ho moltissimo whiskey _______ bere.

*We Say


PIACERE QUESTIONS 1. Do you like parties? 2. Do you like Italian class? 3. Do your parents like to talk to you every day? 4. Do you and your friends like beer? 5. Do you like soccer? 6. Do you like museums? 7. Do you like to swim? 8. Does our teacher like cats?

-Reflexive Verb QUESTIONS 1. What time do you wake up in the morning? 2. Do you get up immediately after you wake up? 3. How many times a day do you brush your teeth? 4. Do you enjoy yourself in Italian class?

italian level 1 - s3. · pdf filefluent city page !2 goals the goal of these first few...

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