JAPAN 1945-1952 OCCUPATION

MacArthur AND JAPAN MADE IT WORKWAS THIS A LOVE STORY?

WHAT QUALITIES WOULD BE REQUIRED TO RULE JAPAN?

JAPANESE EMPEROR ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR WWII

RADIO BROADCAST TO JAPANESE PEOPLE VALIDATED THE SURRENDER DEFEAT WAS COMPLETE-MILITARILY AND

PSYCHOLOGICALLY CASUALTIES: 9 MILLION ALL MAJOR CITIES DESTROYED ONE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED EACH ON

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

ECONOMIC DEVASTATION

MERCHANT MARINE GONE FACTORIES AND MINES CEASED TO

OPERATE FOOD PRODUCTION CUT IN HALF 6 MILLION JAPANESE FROM ABROAD

HAD TO BE RESETTLED IN JAPAN JAPANESE MILITARY AND ELITE

DISCREDITED

MacArthur BECAME THE MILITARY DICTATOR OF JAPAN

U.S. ARMY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF IN THE PACIFIC (Island-hopping and the Philippines)

REGARDED BY SOME AMERICANS AS ARROGANT AND DIFFICULT

JAPANESE REGARDED HIM AS THE EPITOME OF A WARRIOR

NEVER ONE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT THOUGH HE TRAVELLED IN THE OPEN

JAPAN HAD A FUNCTIONING GOVERNMENT UNLIKE GERMANY

EMPEROR WAS SYMBOL OF JAPANESE UNITY

WAR CRIMINALS WERE EXECUTED TOJO BLAMED WITH LAUNCHING THE

WAR MANY JAPANESE PEOPLE UNAWARE

OF BRUTALITY OF THEIR ARMED FORCES

NEW CONSTITUTION FOR JAPAN

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (British model)

DIET had two houses Prime minister was “appointed” by the

Emperor though chosen by the Diet PACIFIST CLAUSE FOLLOWED BEST PRACTICES OF

EARLIER JAPANESE DEMOCRACIES

POLITICAL REFORMS

UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE “LEGAL PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S

RIGHTS” EXPANSION OF EDUCATIONAL

SYSTEM WITH INCLUSION OF FEMALES

POWER OF BIG BUSINESS AND LANDOWNERS REDUCED

EONOMIC REFORMS

REDISTRIBUTION OF FARMLAND MacArthur ACCUSED OF SOCIALISM WHERE ELSE DID THIS HAPPEN?

ABSENTEE LANDLORDS PAID LOW PRICE WHICH REALLY BECAME CONFISCATION

NEW INDEPENDENT FARMERS BECAME CONSERVATIVE FORCE OF THE NEW ORDER

LESS SUCCESSFUL REFORMS

ENCOURAGED SMALL BUSINESS

ENCOURAGED LABOR UNIONS TO CHECK THE ZAIBATSU OLIGOPOLIES THAT RAN THE ECONOMY LARGE CONGLOMERATES LATER MADE A

COMEBACK (keiretsu)

LABOR MILITANCY IS HALTED SHORTAGES AND INFLATION CAUSED

WORKERS TO TURN TO THE SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST ORGANIZERS

BITTER STRIKES IN 1946 AND 1947 MacArthur CANCELED A NATIONWIDE

STRIKE IN 1948 ECONOMICALLY STABLE JAPAN

NEEDED FOR U.S. SECURITY INTERESTS (COLD WAR)

SOCIALIST PARTY WINS 1947 ELECTION

STALIN ORDERED JAPANESE COMMUNISTS TO FIGHT THIS “BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY”

US OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES DID NOT FAVOR FURTHER SOCIAL REFORMS

POLITICAL POWER SHIFTED TO THE CONSERVATIVES

YOSHIDA ELECTED PRIME MINISTER LIBERAL DEMOCRATS DOMINATED

FAVORED BIG BUSINESS

WANTED TO END US OCCUPATION

US NOW PREOCCUPIED WITH THE COLD WAR AND RELIED ON PRIME MINISTER TO HOLD STATUS QUO

MacArthur ORDERED END TO SOCIAL REFORMS

REDUCTION OF BUDGET DEFICIT REDUCED INFLATION COMMUNISTS PURGED FROM LABOR

UNIONS NEW UNIONS COOPERATED WITH

MANAGEMENT WAGES HELD DOWN AND

INVESTMENT INCREASED

JAPAN BECAME CLOSE ALLY IN THE COLD WAR

GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSE TO THE SU PROVIDED AIR AND NAVAL BASES OCCUPATION ENDED IN 1951 US-JAPANESE MILITARY TREATY

SIGNED IN 1952 JAPAN DID NOT RECOGNIZE CHINESE

COMMUNIST REGIME

JAPANESE ECONOMIC MIRACLE MASSIVE US PURCHASES OF

MATERIALS FOR THE KOREAN WAR DODGE PLAN SIMILAR TO MARSHALL

PLAN FOOD RATIONING ENDED HIGH SAVINGS RATE FUNNELLED

INTO INVESTMENT NO MILITARY SPENDING

ECONOMY GREW AT FAST RATE

WHY THIS MIRACLE?

MacArthur watched out for them? STRONG EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHLY TRAINED AND ADAPTABLE

WORKFORCE FAVORABLE TRADING OPPORTUNITIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT (MITI) TARIFFS

MANUFACTURING EXPERTISE

Created atmosphere for creative thinking

QUALITY, QUALITY, QUALITY W. Edwards Deming Award

LOW COST-LOW PRICE STRATGY PROFITS LESS IMPORTANT THAN

MARKET SHARE ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS THAT

CONSUMERS CRAVED

KEIRETSU

BIG BUSINESS TIED TO EACH OTHER COMPANY UNIONS WITH GUARANTEED

LIFETIME EMPLOYMENT HIGH WAGES NEW TECHNOLOGIES RELIED ON NUCLEAR POWER TO CUT

DEPENDENCE ON OIL IMPORTS LARGE ACCUMULATION OF FOREIGN

ASSETS

KEIRETSU (vertical and horizontal integration)

MITSUBISHI GROUP

STEEL COMPANY

PARTS SUPPLIER

BANK

TRUCK AND CAR COMPANY

INSURANCE COMPANY

TRANSPORTATION

COMMUNICATION

POWER COMPANY

EXPORT MACHINE

HIGH DOMESTIC PRICES BRED CULTURE OF SAVING

WORLD MARKET SHARE MOTIVATED BUSINESS DECISIONS

FOREIGN COMPETITORS FROZEN OUT OF DOMESTIC MARKET

BANKS WERE BUSINESS PARTNERS NOT LENDERS

UNITED STATES AND JAPAN LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP

ECONOMIC COMPETITORS

MILITARY TIES THAT BIND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS

CONSULTANTS ON ASIAN POLICY