japanese private sector perspectives: research...

© 2012 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved.

Japanese Private Sector Perspectives:

Research and Technology for Sustainable

Energy among Industries

Japan-U.S. Workshop on Sustainable Energy Futures:

Research Directions and their Supportive Environments

Mamoru Tanaka,

Chief Engineer, Technology & Innovation Headquarters,

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Vice President, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Technology & Innovation Headquarters

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI)

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Contents

1. Outline of Mitsubish Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI)

2. Sustainable Energy System

3. Key technologies for three E’s

Technologies that Support Energy Securement

Technologies that Support Environmental Protection

Technologies that Support Sustainable Economic Growth

4. MHI’s Upcoming Initiatives

© 2012 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 2

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©2012 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 3

1. Outline of MHI

LPG Ccarrier

Gas Turbine Combined

Cycle Power Plant(GTCC)

Nuclear Power Plant

Wind Turbine

Steel

Machinery

Transportation

Equipment

Chemical Plants

Mitsubishi Regional Jet

(MRJ)

Machine Tools

Air Conditioners

Forklift

Turbocharger

H-ⅡＢ

Launch Vehicle

Boeing787

Passenger Ship

Flue Gas Treatment

System

10%

34%

19%

16%

12%

10%

NET SALES

$ 35.6 billion

(￥2.85 trillion)

in FY2011

Shipbuilding & Ocean Development

Power Systems

Others

General Machinery & Special Vehicles

Machinery & Steel Structures

Aerospace

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© 2012 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved

2. Sustainable Energy System

Energy

Securement

Economic Sustainable

Growth

Sustainable Energy System

Environment

Protection

When a country seeks to construct an energy system that meets its specific needs and will satisfy the three E’s of

Energy securement,

Environmental protection, and

sustainable Economic growth,

developing a sustainable energy system is necessary.

Depending on which E is focused on, each country, whether advanced, developing or least developed, has its own interpretation of “sustainable energy.” The same is true even on the individual level.

4

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3. Key technologies for three E’s

Key technologies in the creation of an energy system that satisfies the three E‘s are:

Technologies that support Energy securement

•Enhancement of Thermal Power Generation Efficiency

•Production of Alternative Fuels to Oil

•Wider Use of Renewable Energy through improved cost efficiency

•Safe Use of Nuclear Power

Technologies that support Environmental Protection

•Flue Gas Treatment System

•Carbon-dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)


•Low-Carbon Emissions in Final Energy Consumption

•Energy Decentralization & Stabilization System

•Smart City (Smart Community)


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Technologies that support Energy securement

• Enhancement of Thermal Power Generation Efficiency

• Production of Alternative Fuels to Oil

• Wider Use of Renewable Energy through improved cost

efficiency

• Safe Use of Nuclear Power


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Enhancement of Thermal Power Generation Efficiency

2025

IGCC: Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle

SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

GTCC: Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

USC: Ultra Super Critical pressure Coal-fired plant

Pow

er

genera

tion e

ffic

iency

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

USC (coal)

LHV (%) 75

GTCC (natural gas)

IGCC

IGCC + SOFC

Super high-temperature GT

(1,700℃)

GTCC + SOFC

2020

Advanced

USC (coal)

石炭酸化剤

石炭ｶﾞｽ化炉

ｶﾞｽ精製設備

ｶﾞｽﾀｰﾋﾞﾝ

廃熱回収ﾎﾞｲﾗ

蒸気ﾀｰﾋﾞﾝ

排ガス

石炭ガス化複合発電( IGCC ) Coal

oxidant Coal

gasifier Gas

refinery Gas

turbine

Waste heat capture boiler

Steam turbine

Exhaust gas

Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle + Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IGCC+SOFC)

LNG Gas turbine


Steam turbine

Exhaust gas

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC)

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle + Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (GTCC+SOFC)

LNG Gas turbine

Fuel Cell


Steam turbine

Exhaust gas

Coal

oxidant

Coal gasifier

Gas refinery

Fuel Cell

Gas turbine


Exhaust gas

Steam turbine

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Combined-Cycle Gas Power Generation

・High efficiency combined-cycle with the latest gas turbine

technologies substantially reduces CO2 emissions

Ne

t T

herm

al

Eff

icie

nc

y (

LH

V%

)

GTCC with

1700℃ Class GT

Gas Power Generation: Forecasted Efficiency Improvement

2000 2010 2020 2030

55

60

GTCC with

MHI G Class GT

GTCC with MHI J Class GT

& MHI latest F Class GT

65


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High-Efficiency Coal Power Generation

・ Abundant coal reserves and low price

・ IGCC and A-USC are viable technologies to improve coal use efficiency

Coal Power Generation: Forecasted Efficiency Improvement

Net

Th

erm

al

Eff

icie

nc

y (

LH

V%

)

2000 2010 2020 2030

600℃ Class USC

IGCC+SOFC

IGCC with 1250℃

GT

IGCC with 1500℃ Class GT

700℃ Class A-USC

40

45

50

55

60

750℃ Class A-USC

IGCC with 1700℃ Class GT

250MW IGCC Demonstration Plant

9

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Diesel

Engine

Oil Fired Thermal

Power

Generation

For Industrial Use/ Household Use

Gasoline

Engine

Production of Alternative Fuels to Oil

Refining

For Transportation

For Electricity

Gas Fired

Thermal Power

Generation

New Low Pollution Fuels

Existing Oil Fuels and Alternatives

Reforming

Gasification Coal

Natural gas

Crude oil Hydrocarbon gas

Gasoline

Heating oil

Light oil

Heavy oil

Methanol

DME

Other

Production of Alternative Fuels to Oil/LPG

Production of Existing Oil Products

Synthesis

and

Refining GTL/CTL

10

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Wind

Hydraulic

Solar Power

Geothermal

Biomass

・Developed and applied for energy source diversification, reduction of CO2

emissions and industry revitalization

Wider Use of Renewable Energy through improved cost efficiency

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Wind Power Generation

Jacket support

Maintenance vessel

0

500

1000

2000 2010 2014 2019

Europe

U.S.A.

Asia

Other

(GW)

Wind turbine: global market forecast

100

200

(Unit: trillion yen)

・Wind power generation:

most widely-used renewable energy

・Conventional onshore wind turbines and

development of offshore facilities for greater

power generating capacity

Rotor Diameter Approx. 130-165 m

Hub Height Approx. 110 m

7MW - 11MW Class Wind Turbine

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Biomass: Dual Fuel Power Generation with Coal

・Reduction in CO2 emissions and effective use of lumber materials achieved by combining

wood pellets with coal for boiler firing

Mixed

pulverizing

Coal bunker

Biomass Storage

Biomass Hopper

Coal

Pulverizer

Ref: CRIEPI review No. 44

Coal/biomass co-firing power

generation system

CO

2 p

rod

ucti

on

g-C

O2/k

Wh

1000

800

600

400

200

0 39.5%

887 CO2 by

Combustion

41.5%

845

760

676

10%

biomass

592

20%

biomass

30%

biomass

η: Net-HHV

Reduction Effect of CO2

by Biomass co-firing

Coal Fired Power Plant

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・Photovoltaic modules in growing demand due to preferential policies

・Power generation using concentrated solar thermal energy already put to practical

application; development of large-capacity, high-temperature solar air thermal power

generation system with high efficiency

SEGS I 14.7 MW (1985)

Solar steam thermal

power generation Photovoltaic power generation

High-temperature solar

air thermal power generation

Sun-tracking mirrors

(Heliostat)

Thermal

collector

Tower

High-temperature air turbine power

generation system

Solar Energy Power Generation

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Geothermal Power Generation

Characteristics of geothermal power generation

1. Low CO2 emissions

2. Virtually inexhaustible energy source

3. High availability regardless of the weather

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2009 2014 潜在的資源量 2009 2015 Potential power

generation capacity

Indonesia

PLN/KAMOJANG #1, 2 & 3

Example of geothermal energy potential in Indonesia

MW

1,200MW

3,500MW

27,000MW

In 2009, Indonesia’s rate of utilization was only 4.4% of its

potential power generation capacity

Geothermal resources in Southeast Asia

(Source: Geothermal Energy Serial No. 87, July 1999)

Separator

Production Well

Reinjection Well

Power Plant

Ground

water

Bed rock

Volcanic gas, vapor

Magma Magmatic Intrusion

(heat source)

Heat store layer

Pre-volcanic basement

Cap Rock (Impervious Layer)

Water Table

Indonesia and the Philippines

have abundant geothermal

resources

Principles of volcanic geothermal power generation

Source: 1) Emerging Energy Research Geothermal potential

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Safe Use of Nuclear Power

Development of nuclear power

promoted for peaceful applications

Building on Japan's strength,

technology development that further ensures

safety and security are actively pursued

With Japan's dependency on imported resources, diversity

including the use of nuclear power is critical in ensuring

energy security

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Technologies that support Environmental Protection

Flue Gas Treatment System

Carbon-dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)


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Selective catalytic removal

Electrostatic precipitators

Desulfurization equipment

Stack

Boiler

Flue Gas Treatment System

Coal combustion inside the boiler

Air

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Sulfur oxide (SOx)

Steam (H2O) Nitrogen oxide (NOx)

Ash

Soot

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Source: OECD Environmental Data Compendium2004, Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2002-2003

Japan's data obtained by the Federation of Electric Power Companies

SOx/NOx Emissions per Power Output in Key Countries


Sulfur oxide

Nitrogen oxide

U.S. Canada U.K. France Germany Italy China Japan

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CO2 Capture and Storage Technology (CCS) CCS: Carbon-dioxide Capture and Storage

Source: Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage, IPCC Special Report 2005.09

Underground storage Waste oil field/

gas field EOR

EGR

Aquifer

(land area)

Aquifer

(sea area)

Oil/gas production

Injected CO2

Stored CO2

Sea storage

Dissolution dilution

Dissolution dilution

Stationary type (pipeline)

Movable type

Deep sea floor storage

Fossil fuel

CO2 emissions

source (thermal

power plant)

CO2 separation and

capture facility CO2 transportation

(pipeline, etc.)

CO2 storage Ocean and underground

CO2 capture plant High pressure CO2

compressor delivered to CCS

plant in Algeria

CO2 Storage Method

High efficiency

IGCC plant

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CO2 recovery plant

CO2 recovery plant located at Plant Barry in Alabama, U.S.

MHI, in partnership with Southern Company, a major American electric utility company, launches

the world's largest system for CO2 recovery from the flue gases produced by a coal-fired thermal

power plant.

http://www.mhi.co.jp/en/discover/graph/news/no167.html


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Low-Carbon Emissions in Final Energy Consumption

Energy Decentralization & Stabilization System

Smart City (Smart Community)


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Area Technology

option Key aspect Product

Transportation

Improved fuel

efficiency

Lightweight vehicles, high-efficiency engines and hybrid vehicles

Alternative fuels Oil-alternative fuels (gas, coal, bio, etc.) and electric vehicles

Modal shift Public passenger transport service, marine bullet train system and freight railway transport

IT Advanced traffic control system and efficient truck transport

Consumer

Heating/cooling

system

High-efficiency heat pump, high-performance insulation and natural energy utilization

Lighting High-efficiency light transfer and solar power utilization

Appliances Advanced use of electricity and late-night power usage (increased nuclear power demand)

Regional

heating/cooling

system

Use of low-temperature heat from river water, manufacturing plants and incineration facilities; thermal energy transport/storage/utilization

Industry

Waste heat

capture/utilization

Industrial heat pump and power generation using low-temperature waste heat

Low-carbon

manufacturing

Energy-efficient industrial machinery; shift toward use of low-carbon fuels

Turbo refrigerator

Electric vehicle Lithium-ion

batteries Hybrid forklifts

Urban transportation (LRT) Traffic control system

Organic ELs

Energy-efficient carrier

Waste heat capture

hot water heat pump

Next-generation

regional jet plane

Low-Carbon Emissions in Final Energy Consumption

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Transmission & Distribution

Community

Output of PV

Output of Wind Farm

Lithium-ion Battery

Energy Storage System

Energy Decentralization & Stabilization System

Lithium-ion Battery

Energy Storage System

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Smart City/Community

Smart Mobility (transportation, information-

communication)

Smart People (social flexibility, human resources)

Smart Governance (strategy, vision,

participation)

Smart Living (health, education, culture, etc.)

Smart Economy (competition, innovation,

entrepreneurial initiatives)

- Active local employment

- Restructuring/improving competitiveness of existing businesses

- Co-operation, corporatization, modernization and streamlining of

agriculture, forestry and fisheries

- Revitalization of forestry industry, biomass promotion, increased

consumption of domestic timber

- Fostering of emerging industries/companies

- Restoration/development of tourism resources

- City planning that offers attractiveness and future

sustainability

- Self-sufficiency, stockpiling, provision and sharing of

necessary resources

- Energy security

- Natural resources/environmental preservation

- Development of disaster-prevention system,

harmonious co-existence with

nature

- Environmental preservation, promotion of non-oil

energy sources

- Use of renewable energy

- Fostering and protection of youth, education and

cultural heritage

- Community that promotes citizen participation and

self-development

Smart Environment (use of natural resources, environmental protection)

Building prosperous and

safe communities

Mutually beneficial relationships

between urban and regional communities

- Restructuring and improvement of

transportation/information networks

- Enhancement/rehabilitation of various

infrastructure

- Establishment of escape routes/emergency

shelters in various areas


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4. MHI's Upcoming Initiatives

Japan, as part of efforts to recover from the recent disaster, will face the

challenge of developing a three-E social energy system.

In building such a social system, while incorporating lessons learned from

the disaster experience, technologies to achieve energy efficiency

improvement, the diversification and decentralization of energy sources

and low-carbon applications are becoming increasingly important.

Partnerships and collaboration with industry, educational institutions and

the government play a more crucial role in improving energy efficiency

(e.g., GTCC and IGCC for fossil fuels), expanding renewable energy use,

operating nuclear power plants with effective safety measures, diversifying

energy sources and identifying the optimal energy mix.


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