Mechanisms and Machine Science 55

Advances in Mechanical Design

Jianrong TanFeng GaoChangle Xiang Editors

Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Mechanical Design (ICMD2017)

Mechanisms and Machine Science

Volume 55

Series editor

Marco CeccarelliLARM: Laboratory of Robotics and MechatronicsDICeM: University of Cassino and South LatiumVia Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (Fr), Italye-mail: ceccarelli@unicas.it

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8779

Jianrong Tan • Feng GaoChangle XiangEditors

Advances in MechanicalDesignProceedings of the 2017 InternationalConference on Mechanical Design(ICMD2017)

123

EditorsJianrong TanZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Feng GaoShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Changle XiangBeijing Institution of TechnologyBeijingChina

ISSN 2211-0984 ISSN 2211-0992 (electronic)Mechanisms and Machine ScienceISBN 978-981-10-6552-1 ISBN 978-981-10-6553-8 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6553-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017952921

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein orfor any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard tojurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Preface

Inspired from Germany’s “Industry 4.0” plan, the State Council approved a plancalled “Made in China 2025” in 2013, which was drafted by the Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic China. Its guidelineis to have manufacturing be innovation-driven, emphasize quality over quantity,achieve green development, optimize the structure of Chinese industry, and nurturehuman talent. Although there is a significant role for the state in upgrading Chinesemanufacturing industry, making it more efficient the plan also calls for the inno-vation design in mechanical field.

Since prehistory times, the ancient inhabitants of the earth have made design as away to meet needs, and increasingly complex. In the days of the great scientistJames Watt, who worked on the improvisation of the steam engine, mechanicalengineering started developing rapidly and systematically. And nowadays, thedesign factor has become one of the most important aspects of mechanical engi-neering. With detailed design and engineering process, it can always save lots ofcosts and improve efficiency.

As the efficiency and quality of producers are highly uneven, if the countrywants to avoid being squeezed by both newly emerging low-cost producers andmore effectively cooperate with advanced industrialized economies, it need to beovercome multiple challenges in a short time. Mechanical engineering entailed anadditional element of design with innovation playing a key role may result in theinnovation of an entirely new automobiles, space shuttles, drilling machines,appliances, milling equipment, and much more.

Under the background of “Made in China 2025” development strategy, the 2017International Conference on Mechanical Design (ICMD2017) has one theme asInnovative Design Pushes “Made in China 2025”. The conference is going to beheld in Beijing, China, during November, and it is a leading conference in the fieldof mechanical design in China which aims to provide an international platform forresearchers, scholars, and scientists to present their research advances and exchangetheir ideas. The scope of the conference covers a broad spectrum of areas withmultidisciplinary interests in the fields of mechanical design and manufacturing forfuture manufacturing activities.

v

With over 165 submissions, the rigorous review process was held with detailedand in-depth comments on each paper. This resulted in the acceptance of 113 paperswith an additional period for authors to revise their papers following the reviewers’comments. We are very pleased with the overwhelming support from authors andfrom the communities and with the excellent work from the authors and theirserious effort to improve and finalize the papers.

This book presents a vivid development of mechanical engineering under thestimulation of the “Made in China 2025” and is a collection of the work in designand development across the disciplines. With the contributions from the authors,this book delivers a lasting impact on the study and development of mechanicaldesign.

In compiling this book, we are pleased to see the variety of the topics, the depthof the study, and the wide range of the applications of innovative design theory. Thedevelopment of innovative mechanisms is seen in the book contributing to devel-opment of mechanical design and presents a strong part for advancing theknowledge in the field and for economical development. We thank all the authorsfor their contributions and meticulous manner in preparing their manuscripts andthank all the reviewers for their rigorous review and detailed comments to helpauthors to improve their papers. Further, we thank Jingjun Yu for his dedication andpersistence in checking every manuscript and contacting the authors for theirrevision of the manuscripts and for finalizing this book.

We have received immense support from the China Association for Science andTechnology (CAST), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC),the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES), and Chinese Academy ofEngineering. We acknowledge the financial support from the China Association forScience and Technology (CAST), Beijing Institute of Technology, and BeijingUniversity of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

In organizing the first international conference of mechanical design, we aregrateful to members of the scientific committee, the program committee, and thechairs/co-chairs for rigorous peer review of papers.

We are grateful to Beijing Institute of Technology for hosting this conferenceand for their generous financial support. We particularly thank Professor Jibin Hu inhis capacity as the Dean of the School of Mechanical Engineering and organizationcommittee of the conference and all of the reviewers specially Jinjun Yu (BeihangUniversity) for many fruitful works Jinjun Yu in his capacity as and thank ProfessorYinan Lai of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for herinvaluable support.

Hangzhou, China Jianrong TanShanghai, China Feng GaoBeijing, China Changle Xiang

vi Preface

Committees

CharimanJianrong Tan, Zhejiang UniversityCo-chairFeng Gao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Program Committee

Youbai Xie, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ChinaYou Zheng, Tsinghua University, ChinaZongquan Deng, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaYanmin Zhang, Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, ChinaPeihua Gu, Shantou University, ChinaXu Han, Hebei University of Technology, ChinaZhifeng Liu, Hefei University of Technology, ChinaTian Huang, Tianjin University, ChinaStephen Lu, University of Southern California, USAXianmin Zhang, South China University of Technology, ChinaNam P. Suh, MIT, USAMoshe Shpitalni, Technion—Israel Institute, IsraelRupeng Zhu, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, ChinaCaichao Zhu, Chongqing University, ChinaRenbin Xiao, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaSami Kara, University of New South Wales, AustraliaYimin Zhang, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, ChinaGuanghong Duan, Tsinghua University, ChinaYoram Koren, University of Michigan, USAJack Hu, University of Michigan, USAZhengqiang Yao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

vii

Wei Chen, Northwestern University, USARunhua Tan, Hebei University of Technology, ChinaTetsuo Tomiyama, Cranfield University, UKLiyang Xie, Northeastern University, ChinaXiaojun Wang, Chinese Academy of Engineering, ChinaHongsheng Ding, Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaGuofu Yin, Sichuan University, ChinaDatong Qin, Chongqing University, ChinaPaul Maropoulos, Aston University, UKCao Jiang, Hunan University, ChinaShuxing Wang, Tianjin University, ChinaJian S. Dai, King’s College London, UKYinan Lai, National Nature Science Foundation of China, ChinaXiangfeng Liu, Tsinghua University, ChinaShijing Wu, Wuhan University, ChinaRainer Stark, TU Berlin, GermanHui Liu, Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaJun Hong, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ChinaXiongping Du, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USAYing Xi, Tongji University, ChinaPeiqi Ge, Shandong University, ChinaZhong You, Oxford University, UKXiangyang Xin, Jiangnan University, ChinaJingjun Yu, Beihang University, ChinaWei Sun, Dalian University of Technology, ChinaZhongrong Zhou, Southwest Jiaotong University, ChinaGeng Liu, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

Organization Committee

ChairmanChangle Xiang, Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaMemberXilun Ding, Beihang University, ChinaWeizhong Guo, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ChinaJibin Hu, Beijing Institute of Technology, China

viii Committees

Contents

Volume 1

Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-CageThermal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Pan Zhang, Bei Yan, Ke Yan, Jun Hong and Yongsheng Zhu

Planar Helix Driving Contact Curve Line Gear Mechanism . . . . . . . . . 11Yangzhi Chen and Xiongdun Xie

Research on Yacht Design Method Based on Game Engine . . . . . . . . . . 23Fuyong Liu, Chaohe Chen, Guoye Long, Guanlin Li and Zhijie Ren

Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Modeling of a Tower Crane withLong Flexible Boom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Xuyang Cao, Yue Yang, Wenjun Wang and Zhenhua Gu

Study on Piezoelectric Energy Collector with DifferentSection Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Xia Li, Haigang Tian, Yadong Dong and Yuechen Duan

The Mechanical Assembly Precision Analysis Considering ActualWorking Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Shaobo Jin, Fengxia Zhao, Shuo Sun and Linna Zhang

A Gear Mesh Dynamic Model for Analyzing the Nonlinear Vibrationsof Spur Gears Supported by Compliant Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Cheng Wang, Hui Liu, Minggang Du and Changle Xiang

Analysis of Transmission Performance for Asynchronous MagneticCoupler with Trapezoidal Halbach-Array Permanent Magnet . . . . . . . . 125Chaojun Yang, Kang Liu, Yingzhi Wu, Weifeng Zhang, Ming Liuand Muhammad Mujtaba

ix

The Analysis of the Flexible Load Sharing Structure of the Ring Gearin Planetary Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Congfang Hu, Xiao Yin, Ruitao Peng, Rui Chen, Jingang Liuand Shengqiang Jiang

Review of Research on Space Curve Meshing Theory and ItsApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Zhen Chen, Huafeng Ding, Bo Li, Weimin Zhang, Linbo Luoand Liang Zhang

Load Distribution Research on Flexible Bearing in Harmonic Drive . . . 165Lin Tian, Yi Jiang, Yazhen Wang, Qun Tong, Dashi Su and Li Song

Investigation of Developing Cutting Performance of Economic CNCLathe by Shorten the Spindle Transmission Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Jian Qiu, Yuhou Wu, Cong Geng and Renpeng GE

Structure Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic InductionApplicator Roll for Five-Rolls Solvent-Free Coating Machine . . . . . . . . 195Xuejia Huang, Nengsheng Bao, Leilei Zhang and Zhipeng Lu

Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of 3-DOF Gear System with ToothContact Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Jianfei Shi, Xiangfeng Gou, Lingyun Zhu and Changjun Qi

Thermodynamic Research on Flexible Bearing in Harmonic Drive . . . . 227Bin Huang, Yazhen Wang, Kun Zhao, Dashi Su and Li Song

Influence of the Oblique Trimmed Impeller on Pressure Fluctuationsin Centrifugal Pump at Low Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Rui Cao, Qiaorui Si, Guochen Sheng and Gang Lin

Influence of Pressure Angle on Tooth Surface Contact Stress of theAsymmetric Gear with Double Pressure Angles Meshing Beyond thePitch Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Xiulian Li, Jiangxin Yang, Xusong Xu, Wei Liu, Xiaofang Shiand Qing He

Parametric Design and Motion Characteristics Analysis of EllipticalGear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Yongping Liu, Changbin Dong, Xiumei Wang, Jianmin An and Yuxi Feng

Optimal Design of Experimental Platform for Electronic-HydraulicDriving Vehicle Based on the Multi-factor SyntheticEvaluation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Chao Wang, Xiaohui He, Xinmin Shen, Xiaocui Yang, Lei Xu,Qiang Wang and Anxin Liu

x Contents

An Approach of Knowledge Acquisition in Biologically InspiredDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Shuo Jiang, Jie Hu, Jin Ma, Jin Qi, Zhenyu Pan and Jian Shen

Research on the Design Method of Lightweight Lattice SandwichStructure for Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Fuming Zeng, Haoyu Deng, Xiaoyu Zhang and Chunjie Wang

CoModel: A Modelica-Based Collaborative Design Web Platform forCPS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Chao Wang, Li Wan and Tifan Xiong

An Isogeometric Topology Optimization Method for ContinuumStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Shuting Wang, Manman Xu, Yingjun Wang, Zijun Wu and Lunhong Liu

Design of Position Feedback System with Data Fusion Technology forLarge Hydraulic Manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349Xichang Liang, Yi Wan, Chengrui Zhang and Yanyun Kou

Modeling the Behavior Process of Electromechanical Systems Basedon Behavior Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Peilin Yang, Chongchong Xue, Qing Liu, Yi Hou and Huanru Jia

Lightweight Design of Multistage Gear Reducer Based on ContinuousVariables and Discrete Neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379Zhuli Liu, Zhuan You and Zhuxin Wang

Multi-objective Topology Optimization for Supporting Plate of WinchDrum Spindle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Jianan Xu, Xin Gao and Dongyue Qu

Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Finite Element AnalysisBased on Knowledge Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Qinyi Ma, Dapeng Xie, Peng Xue, Lihua Song, Maojun Zhou and Junli Shi

Modeling Method of Resource Combination Optimization forCrowdsourcing Product Development Based on Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Yuming Guo and Shikun Xie

Multi-flow Problem Mining of Complex Electromechanical SystemBased on Flow Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433Juan Wang, Jianhui Zhang and Rui Liang

Robust Topology Optimization with Loading Magnitude andDirection Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Xiang Peng, Jianxiang Wang, Jiquan Li, Shaofei Jiang, Wanghui Bu,Bing Yi and Sihang Zhou

Contents xi

Point Clouds Based 3D Facial Expression Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Mei Xue, Shogo Tokai and Hiroyuki Hase

The Influence of Product Style on Consumer Satisfaction: Regulationby Product Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485Chang Ge, Lang Zhang and Chunqiang Zhang

Design Factor Analysis Based on Fractional Factorial Experiment . . . . 495Yangdong Wu

A Novel Reliability-Based Design Optimization Method UsingEnsemble of Metamodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Xiaoke Li, Zhenzhong Chen, Haobo Qiu, Chen Jiang, Yanqiu Xiaoand Jun Ma

A Two-level Robust Design Approach to AdaptiveProduct Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Xianfu Cheng and Renbin Xiao

Cloud Service-Based Collaborative Design Resource Management . . . . . 539Risheng Yang, Bin He, Yicheng Hua, Fangfang Li, Lixin Lu, Shuxun Liand Limin Li

Layout Knowledge Multi Granularity Reconstruction Method forComplex Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553Sarina, Pengwen Sun and Zhiguo Li

Product Disassembly Sequence Planning Based on Combining andPruning Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567Yang Wang, Ruisen Li and Guodong Yi

Design and Analysis of the Steering and Braking Integrated ControlNetwork for Commercial Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579Jian Hu, Peng Liu, Jun Xu and Gangyan Li

Design and Optimization of the Faucet Flow Channel Structure . . . . . . 595Yongcheng Xu, Fan Jiang, Jiangdong Chen and Sijie Li

A Process Monitoring Method Based on Dual-ParameterOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Yasenjiang Jiarula, Wenlei Sun, Jun Fan, Qing Taoand Reyihan’guli Musha

Optimal Design of Gantry Machining Center Welding CrossbeamStructure Based on the ICM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Dehong Zhao, Xiaojun Ji, Feng Lu, Wei Wu and Guangyu Yan

Design and Optimization on Annular-Flow Nozzle of the Oil-WaterPump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645Sijie Li, Fan Jiang, Yongcheng Xu and Jiangdong Chen

xii Contents

A Novel Auto Design Method of Acoustic Filter Based on GeneticProgramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661Qi Zhou, Chaoqun Wu, Weijing Zhao, Weijie Hua and Linghao Liu

A CAD Model Retrieval System Based on Design Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Qinyi Ma, Lihua Song, Peng Xue, Dapeng Xie, Maojun Zhou and Junli Shi

Improving Design Method of Loader Cockpit Through ErgonomicsSimulation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707Hang Yin, Gang Liu and Yang Yan

A Rapid Design Method of Anti-deformation Fixture Layoutfor Thin-Walled Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721Shien Zhou, Chan Qiu, Zhenyu Liu and Jianrong Tan

Study on Oil Pressure Characteristics and Trajectory TrackingControl in the Electro-hydraulic Servo System of a Torsional Isolatorwith Negative Stiffness Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735Wenping Li, Hui Liu, Xiaojie Wang and Tiantian Gao

Study on Dynamic Stability of a Torsional Isolator with NegativeStiffness Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749Tiantian Gao, Hui Liu, Xiaojie Wang and Wenping Li

Design and Research of a Late-Model Intelligent SpeedLimit System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765Jiawen He, Yang Wang and Zhonghao Han

Shaft Torque Compensation for Electric Vehicle Driveline OscillationActive Damping with Feedforward and PID Feedback Controller . . . . . 777Hui Liu, Yinqi Chen, Xun Zhang and Wenping Li

Functional Analysis Method for Dynamic Speed Ratio Control ofCVT-Based Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791Bo Li, Wei Wu, Xueyuan Li and Shihua Yuan

Vibration Characteristics of Truss Core Panels Based on LaserAdditive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Guoli Wang, Yidong Luan, Wei Yang and Jian Wang

Comparative Study on Parameter Estimation Methods forMulti-fidelity Co-kriging Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815Yixin Liu, Shishi Chen and Fenfen Xiong

The Design and Research of the Pole Damage Prevention Device ofDistribution Lines in Meteorological Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837Jiaqi Wen, Qingchun Hu, Zhisheng Lin and Kai Xiao

Contents xiii

Volume 2

Research on Structure Optimization of Longitudinal Feed SystemDesign of CNC Spinning Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Wei Luo, Zhaojun Yang, Fei Chen, Liping Wang, Bo Lu, Yaming Guoand Hongwei Zheng

Modeling and Simulation of Hoist Rope for Excavator Based onVirtual Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Yongliang Yuan, Li Du, Wei Sun, Xueguan Song and Junzhou Huo

Experimental Research on Particle Damper withViscoelastic Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889Xiangzhi Meng, Zhijie Wang and Xianbin Yan

Dynamics Simulation of Hydraulic Excavator Working Device Basedon ADAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Leilei Cao, Qijun Wang, Lulu Cao and Yufeng Gu

Numerical Simulation and Wind Tunnel Test Validation of theAerodynamic Brake Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911Liqiang Gao, Xiong Hu, Dejian Sun, Ying Xi and Guohua Wang

Investigation on the Optimal Energy Recovery System for theMilitary Hybrid Vehicle Based upon the Comprehensive EvaluationMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923Lei Xu, Xiaohui He, Xinmin Shen, Xiaocui Yang, Chao Wang,Qiang Wang and Anxin Liu

Formation Mechanism of Micro-vibration in Aerostatic Bearing Usedin Miniature Aircraft Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937Wei Long, Shao-hua Yang and Ling Gong

Static and Dynamic Deformation Analysis and Optimization of a FineBlanking Press Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953Guodong Yi, Jundi Wu and Ruisen Li

Research Status and Development Trend of the Contact VibrationSmall Berry Harvester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969Yanling Zhao, Chuang Yang, Yudong Bao, Xianli Liu and Yanling Guo

Research on the Impact Characteristics of Cylinder Based onIntegrated Analysis Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985Jian Hu, Yang Zhang, Fei Li and Gangyan Li

Co-simulation and Analysis of Radar Skeleton Based on ANSYS andADAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013Jian Hu, Linwei Li, Panpan Zhou, Gangyan Li and Qipeng Sun

xiv Contents

Simulation Research on Tool Temperature Field in High Speed InnerCooling Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025Lihong Wen, Guanghui Li, Ningxia Yin and Guangyu Tan

Effects of the Novel Flow Field Design on the DMFC Performance . . . . 1037Qinwen Yang, Ying Zhu, Gang Xiao and Xuqu Hu

Research on Simple Calibration and Compensation of a Robot SystemUsed in Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045Tie Zhang, Qiufen Li and Yanbiao Zou

Kinematics and Dynamics of Excavator Based on Screw Theory . . . . . . 1063Guosheng Xu and Guangming Lv

Development of an In-Pipe Robot with a NovelDifferential Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079Qing Li, Yiang Sun, Haitao Liu, Meng Zhang and Xiaowei Meng

Design of a 5R Mechanism in Confined Space Based on Reducing theDimension of the Configuration Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099Bu Wanghui, Hou Kun, Yan Shuang, Peng Xiang and Yi Bing

On the Design and Experiments of Rotation-Traction ManipulationTraining Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111Qingdong Zhang, Tie Fu, Liwei Shao, Hongsheng Ding, Minshan Fengand Liguo Zhu

Design and Impedance Control of the Integrated Rotary CompliantJoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125Leping Chen, Hongsheng Ding, Tie Fu, Jian Li and Liwei Shao

An Extended Application of NURBS for Robot Motion Planning . . . . . 1141Xu Wang and Weizhong Guo

An Efficient Approach for Collision-Free Trajectory Planning UsingAdaptive Velocity Vector Field Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169Jingmei Zhai, Kun Liu, Haiyang He and Fan Ouyang

A Novel Robot Trajectory Planning Algorithm Based on NURBSVelocity Adaptive Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191Qingxiao Zou, Weidong Guo and Fouaz Younès Hamimid

Tensor Method for Mechanism Motion Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209Jianshe Gao, Baotang Wang, Weilong Zuo and Qianyuan Yu

Study on Gait Planning and Simulation of a Novel Hybrid QuadrupedRobot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225Jianshe Gao, Yuchuang Wang, Qianyuan Yu and Weilong Zuo

Contents xv

Closed-Loop Inverse Kinematic Analysis of Redundant Manipulatorswith Joint Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241Yi Wan, Yanyun Kou and Xichang Liang

Structure Design and Positive Kinematics Analysis of MedicalPneumatic Soft Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257Duanling Li, Ying Guo and Fei Gao

Super Harmonic Resonance Analysis of a Novel ControllableMetamorphic Palletizing Robot Mechanism with Impact as ItsConfiguration Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273Rugui Wang, Huiqing Chen, Yexun Li, Jiaxing Sun, Jiwei Yuanand Ganwei Cai

Design and Analysis of a Compliant Parallel Polishing Toolhead . . . . . . 1291Jiangdong Chen, Fan Jiang, Yongcheng Xu and Sijie Li

Kinematics and Performance Analysis of Two Types of 3-RPS ParallelMechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309Yongfeng Wang, Shuncheng Fan, Xiaojun Zhang, Guangda Luand Jing Yang

An Alternative Inverse Kinematics Position Analysis for the Control ofWelding Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1323Wenjuan Li, Yuefeng Du, Zhenghe Song, Xueyan Zhao and Enrong Mao

A Hybrid Optimization Method of Dimensions for the Tricept ParallelRobot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343Shuai Fan, Shouwen Fan and Xin Zhang

Design and Simulation Analysis of Cam-Type ParallelManipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365Zhenghao Ge, Jiaojuan Shen, Zhilong Wang and Xiaoyu Han

Position and Workspace Analysis of a Novel 4-DOF ParallelMechanism Using a Computer Aided Geometry Approach . . . . . . . . . . 1377Yanhua Zhang, Xiuju Du and Baiyong Zhang

Modal Optimization Analysis of Large-Scale Modular DeployableStructure for SAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389Xingze Wang, Biao Li, Lin Li, Xiao Li, Duanling Li and Kaijie Dong

Forward Kinematics Analysis of the Gough-Stewart Platform UsingOrthogonal Complement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401Shili Cheng and Hongtao Wu

Energy Dissipation Analysis of Two Particles with Different VolumeUnder Fixed Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417Xiangzhi Meng, Zhijie Wang, Xianbin Yan and Lixin Fu

xvi Contents

Identification of States and Their Sequences in the Function ExecutionProcess of Electromechanical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431Peilin Yang, Kai Xu, Yi Hou, Qing Liu and Huanru Jia

A Classification Method for Abnormal Patterns ofComplex Electromechanical System for Discriminant AnalysisNuclear Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441Jiarula Ya Sen Jiang, Jianmin Gao, Zhiyong Gao and Hongquan Jiang

Heat Transfer and Leakage Analysis for R410A Refrigeration ScrollCompressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1453Bin Peng, Lemort Vincent and Wuyin Jin

The Performance Analysis of Anti-rolling Torsion Bar of High-SpeedTrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1471Haiyan Zhu, Yi Zhang, Pingbo Wu and Jing Zeng

Strength Analysis of EMU Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483Jiyou Huang and Haiyan Zhu

Fatigue Performance Analysis of Titanium Alloy Welded Joints Basedon Rough Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495Li Zou, Xinhua Yang, Xiaozhen Mi and Yibo Sun

Effects of Bolt Misalignment on Stress Around Plate Hole . . . . . . . . . . . 1511Wenguang Liu and Weiyan Lin

Reliability Analysis of Multi-rotor UAV Based on Fault Tree andMonte Carlo Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525Qiang Wang, Jian Mao and Hong-yuan Wei

Study on High Temperature Friction and Wear Characteristics of4Cr9Si2 Valve Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535Shengguan Qu, Lianmin Yin, Fuqiang Lai, Chuanwei Xiaoand Xiaoqiang Li

Study on Multi Wire Grinding of Super-Hard Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547Lujiang Li and Zhe Wang

An Ultra-Fast and Large-Scale Fabrication Method for Paper-BasedMicrofluidic Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1561Hao Sun, Hui Dong and Jianping Zheng

The Research on Magnetic Fluid Shaft Sealing forChemical Reactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1573Zhili Zhang, Nannan Di, Hanghang Cheng and Decai Li

Impact Evaluation Approach of a Texture Cross Section Shape onHydrodynamic Lubrication Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1593Xia He, Wenling Liao, Guorong Wang and Mengyuan Li

Contents xvii

Parametric Analysis Method for Acoustic Emission Test of HighPressure Gas Cylinder Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613Qiujuan Lv, Chengzhan Ying, Xinfeng Wang and Min Chen

Simulation Analysis of Influences of Protrusion in Precision MachinedTexture on Hydrodynamic Lubrication Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621Xia He, Wenling Liao, Guorong Wang, Mengyuan Li and Jiang Shikai

Analysis and Testing on Material Removal Mechanism on UltrasonicComposite Electrochemical Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635Linlin Li and Yongwei Zhu

Property Analysis and Manufacturing Technology Study About theMicro-structures Stored Oil on Friction Units’ Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647Qingqing Zhao, Zhengquan Deng, Dashi Yang, Xiang Guand Yongwei Zhu

Friction and Wear Properties of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2@Al2O3 Self-lubrication Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659Zhaoqiang Chen, Runxin Guo, Chonghai Xu and Hui Chen

Reliability-Based Robust Optimal Design of Structures with VariableCross-Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1671Tianxiao Zhang

Supervised Bayesian Tensor Factorization for Multi-relational Data inProduct Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1687Xu Tan, Zhenyu Liu and Guifang Duan

Gear-Shifting Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Truck inStarting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1699Jun Xu, Yuxiang Li, Zhiqiang Gu, Gangyan Li and Jian Hu

xviii Contents

Design of Quantum Dots for RollingBearing Inner Ring-Cage ThermalMonitoring

Pan Zhang, Bei Yan, Ke Yan, Jun Hong and Yongsheng Zhu

Abstract Temperature is one of the most important parameters affecting the ser-vice life and performance of rolling element bearings. Based on the temperaturesensitive properties of quantum dots (QDs), a non-intrusive temperature measure-ment method is developed to monitor the temperature variation of the inner ring andcage during bearing operation. The CdTe QDs were synthesized in our laboratoriesand used in constructing of a sensor film by means of Layer-by-layer ElectrostaticSelf-assembly method. The fluorescence spectrum properties of the sensors werecharacterized. The experiment was performed to measure the inner ring and cagetemperature of angular contact ball bearing in high speed running condition.Bearing inner ring and cage temperature rise curves were obtained in this paper bythe CdTe QDs sensors and compared with the outer ring temperature gotten byplatinum thermal resistance sensors.

Keywords Rolling bearing � CdTe quantum dots � Rotating assembly temperaturemeasurement � Non-contact temperature measurement

P. Zhang � K. Yan (&) � Y. ZhuKey Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’anJiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Chinae-mail: yanke@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

P. Zhange-mail: zhangpan0203@sina.com

Y. Zhue-mail: yszhu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

B. Yan � J. HongState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Xi’an JiaotongUniversity, Xian 710049, Chinae-mail: beibei_box@163.com

J. Honge-mail: jhong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018J. Tan et al. (eds.), Advances in Mechanical Design,Mechanisms and Machine Science 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6553-8_1

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1 Introduction

Rolling bearings are basic mechanical components in machinery. Operating tem-perature reflecting the heat generation by friction in the inner component andjudging the temperature rise of high speed bearings. Because of the limitation ofconventional contact temperature measurement, it is particularly true for the rollingelement of a bearing, whose temperature is often indirectly obtained from themeasured temperature of outer ring. However, traditional temperature monitoring ofrolling bearings has been proven to be delayed under high-speed rotating condition,because of the great temperature disparities between inner and outer components ofhigh rotational speed bearings. The temperature of bearing components, such as theinner ring and cage, reflect the fault information more directly and rapidly [1, 2], soit is particularly important to monitor the temperature of them. Non-intrusivemonitoring of inner bearing components is challenging due to high speed rotation,narrow internal space, grease and oil pollution. Thus far, Jia et al. [3], used aremotely-powered wireless temperature sensor to monitor the cage temperature inreal-time at rotating speed 1550 r/min. However, the battery-powered telemeter hasan extremely short life, and the remotely-powered wireless technology is easilyaffected by the electromagnetic environment and not suitable for high speed situ-ations. Scott et al. [4], monitored the cage temperature based on the MEMS tech-nology, which is unsuitable for high speed condition. In above methods, the mass ofthe integrated sensors greatly affect the motion and dynamic characteristics ofbearing inner ring and cage.

The QDs sensor is a research hotspot recently [5]. Our research group has putforward a study on the use of CdTe QDs as thermal sensors to measure the tem-perature of inner ring of rolling bearing while in operation. It does not damage thestructure of the shafting, and is not limited by the running condition. But existingQDs sensors can only measure the temperature of a single point.

In this research, a newmethod of multipoint temperature measurement of the innerbearing components while in operation is presented. The temperature measurement isperformed using CdTe QDs. The QDs film is fabricated by means of Layer-by-layerElectrostatic Self-assembly method on an ultrathin glass slice. The peak wavelengthsof the QDs fluorescence spectrum show a linear and reversible relationship as tem-perature changes. Results show that the method of simultaneously measure the innerring and cage by CdTe QDs sensors is feasible and effective for the temperaturemeasurement of rolling bearing, especially in very high speed conditions.

2 Quantum Dots Temperature Sensor

2.1 Fabrication of Quantum Dots

Colloidal solutions of CdTe QDs were prepared according to method given by Ref.[6]. Typically, 4 ml 0.04 mol/L CdCl2 was dissolved into 50 ml deionized water in

2 P. Zhang et al.

a three-neck flask, and 100 mg sodium citrate, 4 ml 0.01 mol/L Na2TeO3 solution,50 mg mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), 50 mg NaBH4 were added gradually understirring. When the color of the solution turned to kelly, nitrogen was passed into theflask and the flask was refluxed at 100 °C. By controlling refluxing time, CdTe QDswith desired size and color can be obtained. QDs sensors were fabricated by theLayer-by-Layer Electrostatic Self-Assembly technique [7, 8].

2.2 Sensor Calibration

In order to calibrate the temperature characteristics of QDs sensor, an experimentalsetup was built which contains heating source, temperature monitor and spectrumanalysis, showing in Ref. [9]. The QDs sensor is placed on a heater cell with aplatinum thermal resistance sensor to monitor its temperature. Since the QDs have awide absorption spectrum, a mercury lamp at 405 nm is used as the excitation lightsource. The light generated by the lamp is reflected by a dichroic mirror anddirected to the QDs sensor through a focus lens, which is also used to prevent theexcitation signal from masking the fluorescence of the QDs sensor. The fluores-cence is collected by a focus lens and leaded to a spectrograph. Finally, the com-puter connected with the spectrograph is used to analyze the optical response of theQDs with respect to changes in the temperature values. The fluorescence spectra ofCdTe QDs at different temperatures are analyzed by Gaussian fitting, and the peakwavelengths can be obtained at corresponding temperature.

To study the properties of the QDs sensor, the heater cell ran at several tem-perature from room temperature to 80 °C. During the heating process, the spectrumcurves of 553.2 and 625.4 nm CdTe QDs at different temperature were show inFig. 1. The temperature dependence of peak wavelength was depicted in Fig. 2. Itis shown that the response of emission spectrum peak wavelength is linear with thetemperature changes. For 553.2 nm CdTe QDs sensor, when the temperature risesfrom 19.3 to 78.8 °C, the corresponding wavelength grows from 550.5 to563.1 nm. The total red shift is 12.6 nm. Equation (1) gives the expression of thefitting relation:

W ¼ 545:74862þ 0:21337 T ð1Þ

where T is the temperature, W is the emission spectrum peak wavelength. Thetemperature sensitivity is 0.213 nm/°C. The temperature monitoring of high speedbearings in actual service environment is mainly to understand the thermal stabilitycharacteristics of bearings, so the sensor’s temperature sensitivity can meet theengineering test requirements.

Similarly, for 625.4 nm CdTe QDs sensor, Equation (2) gives the expression ofthe fitting relation:

Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-Cage … 3

W ¼ 618:45939þ 0:10469 T ð2Þ

where T is the temperature, W is the emission spectrum peak wavelength. Thetemperature sensitivity is 0.105 nm/°C.

(a) 553.2nm CdTe QDs

(b) 625.4nm CdTe QDs

Fig. 1 Behavior of emission spectrum of QDs with different temperatures

4 P. Zhang et al.

2.3 The Effect of Rotation on the Fluorescence Signal

In contrast to the static state, the fluorescence signal in rotating state is periodicpulsing signal. According to the testing principle of the spectrograph, the influence

(a) 553.2nm CdTe QDs

(b) 625.4nm CdTe QDs

Fig. 2 Dependence of the emission-peak wavelength with respect to the temperature

Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-Cage … 5

of rotating on fluorescence signal acquisition should be studied under the conditionof the same integral time. The specific exposure time is needed to collect fluores-cence when the spectrograph is to acquire the emission spectrum. Assuming that theexposure time is T, the angular velocity of the disk is x, and the central angle of theQDs sensor to the disk is a. Equation (3) expresses the total time the QDs sensorexcited within the exposure time:

t ¼ Ta=2p: ð3Þ

This means that there is no difference whether the QDs sensor is stable or inrotation, but the exposure time multiplies a factor of a/2p. Therefore, fluorescencespectrum measurement could be undertaken to measure the temperature of rollingbearings, and QDs as temperature senor for rolling bearing thermometry could beapplied in very high speed conditions.

3 Bearing Temperature Measurement

3.1 Experimental Setup

A optical fiber fluorescence spectrum detecting system was established to measurethe temperature of the inner ring and cage of the ball bearing as depicted in Fig. 3.The bearing test rig was built on a rigid platform. A motorized spindle was used todrive the rig, which maximum speed is 15,000 r/min. A 7008 C double row angularcontact ball bearing was installed with oil lubricant. The 553.2 nm CdTe QDssensor and 625.4 nm CdTe QDs sensor was mounted to the inner ring and cage byepoxy binding agent, respectively. Two optic fibers with fluorescent probes wereused to conduct the excitation light and collect the fluorescence.

The fluorescence spectrum of the CdTe QDs sensor were acquired by thespectrograph (QEpro6500) every three minute from the moment the setup starteduntil running about 120 min, which were used to obtain information on the tem-perature variation of inner ring and cage. To compare the internal and externaltemperature of the bearing under the operating conditions, three evenly distributedplatinum thermal resistance sensors were used to test the temperature of the outerring, and the data was collected by MX100 system.

3.2 Results and Discussion

Temperature measurements were conducted at the speed of 10,000 r/min withoutany load. Figure 4 shows the fluorescence spectrum lines acquired every threeminute from the moment the setup started until running about 120 min. As can seenfrom the picture, the fluorescence spectra showed red shifts of the peak wavelength

6 P. Zhang et al.

with the extension of the rotational time, which is consistent with the heatingtemperature of the QDs in the calibration.

The spectral data obtained at different times in the range of 500–700 nm werefitted by Gaussian fitting, and the peak wavelengths of each curve were obtained.Table 1 lists the peak wavelengths of the spectrum collected at different times, andthe temperature can be described by the linear relationship which was calibratedbefore. It can be seen in Fig. 5.

Based on Gaussian fitting analysis, the spectrum peak wavelength of the innerring changes from 553.224 to 555.644 nm, the peak wavelength of the cageincreases from 625.422 to 626.940 nm, and the respective increment is 2.420 and1.518 nm. According to the wavelength temperature sensitivity 0.213 and

Testing bearing-spindle system

Optic fiber 1&2

QE Pro spectrograph

405nm laser

Fig. 3 Rolling bearing temperature measurement system

Fig. 4 Fluorescencespectrum at 10000 r/min

Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-Cage … 7

Table 1 Time-dependent change of peak wavelength and temperature

Time (min) Inner raceway peak (nm) Temp. (°C) Cage peak (nm) Temp. (°C)

0 553.22426 23.03604 625.42237 23.01046

3 554.19894 27.60406 625.62972 24.99107

6 554.47581 28.90167 626.27326 31.13817

9 554.61389 29.54881 625.87428 27.32711

12 554.84991 30.65497 625.9782 28.31976

15 555.09185 31.78886 626.77651 35.94522

18 555.11445 31.89478 626.43848 32.71635

21 555.22614 32.41824 626.67583 34.98352

24 555.23564 32.46276 626.65813 34.81445

27 555.2618 32.58537 626.61135 34.36761

30 555.35095 33.00319 626.85132 36.65981

33 555.39583 33.21350 626.65706 34.80423

36 555.44216 33.43066 626.94747 37.57823

39 555.48093 33.61236 626.88936 37.02316

42 555.47461 33.58274 626.89755 37.10139

45 555.4676 33.54989 626.84628 36.61166

48 555.51664 33.77973 627.01746 38.24678

51 555.52411 33.81473 626.84484 36.59791

54 555.53552 33.86821 626.92316 37.34602

57 555.57197 34.03904 627.01990 38.27008

60 555.58861 34.11703 626.87303 36.86718

63 555.57575 34.05676 626.86455 36.78618

66 555.58092 34.08099 626.93077 37.41871

69 555.56875 34.02395 627.01223 38.19682

72 555.60984 34.21653 626.93829 37.49054

75 555.62736 34.29864 627.12052 39.23121

78 555.60252 34.18222 626.93894 37.49675

81 555.62965 34.30940 626.81172 36.28155

84 555.61441 34.23794 626.89503 37.07732

87 555.60743 34.20523 626.80733 36.23961

90 555.45259 33.47954 626.90432 37.16606

93 555.47942 33.60529 626.70485 35.26072

96 555.4882 33.64644 626.74846 35.67729

99 555.52763 33.83123 627.01901 38.26158

102 555.53271 33.85504 626.90434 37.16625

105 555.46361 33.53119 626.73296 35.52923

108 555.41369 33.29723 626.7238 35.44173

111 555.50380 33.71950 626.81793 36.34086

114 555.56197 33.99217 626.77817 35.96108

117 555.64547 34.38351 627.22398 40.21946(continued)

8 P. Zhang et al.

0.105 nm/°C, the temperature increment of inner ring and cage are 11.36 and14.45 °C. Meanwhile, the outer ring temperature increment is 9.2 °C.

Temperature rising curves of inner ring, cage and outer ring at rotation speed10,000 r/min were compared in Fig. 5. The inner ring and cage average tempera-ture is much higher than outer ring, this indicates the importance of monitoring andmeasurement on inner bearing components.

4 Conclusions

In this paper, we have proposed a thermometry method for rolling element bearingsbased on quantum dots. Conclusions are as follows:

1. A new method to simultaneously measure inner ring and cage temperature ofhigh speed rolling element bearings based on QDs is proposed.

2. QDs sensor has been fabricated by means of Layer-by-layer technique. Theemission peak wavelength of the QDs sensor has a linear relationship with thetemperature, making it is applicable of non-contact temperature measurement ofrotating surface.

3. The possibility of the method for carrying out the online real-time monitoring ofbearing inner ring and cage temperature was validated.

Table 1 (continued)

Time (min) Inner raceway peak (nm) Temp. (°C) Cage peak (nm) Temp. (°C)

120 555.61674 34.24886 627.02440 38.31307

123 555.52707 33.82861 626.78554 36.03147

126 555.64436 34.37831 626.94023 37.50907

Fig. 5 The temperature ofinner ring, cage and outer ringas a function of time

Design of Quantum Dots for Rolling Bearing Inner Ring-Cage … 9

Acknowledgments This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51405375), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M600784) and theFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1191329727).

References

1. Kovacs A, Peroulis D, Sadeghi F. Early-warning wireless telemeter for harsh-environmentbearings. Sensors, IEEE. 2007; p. 946–949.

2. Yan K, Wang YT, Zhu YS, Hong J, Zhai Q. Investigation on heat dissipation characteristic ofball bearing cage and inside cavity at ultra high rotation speed. Tribol Int. 2016;93:470–481.

3. Jia Y, Henaosepulveda J, Toledoquinones M. Wireless temperature sensor for bearing healthmonitoring. Smart Struct Mater. 2004;5391:368–376.

4. Scott S, Kovacs A, Gupta L, et al. Wireless temperature microsensors integrated on bearingsfor health monitoring applications. In: IEEE international conference on micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). 2011;47(10):660–663.

5. Wang XD, Wolfbeis OS, Meier RJ. Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature. ChemSoc Rev. 2013;42(19):7834–7869.

6. Bao H, Wang E, Dong S. One-Pot synthesis of CdTe nanocrystals and shape control ofluminescent CdTe-cystine nanocomposites. Small. 2006;2(4):476–480.

7. Decher G. Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science.1997;277(5330):1232–1237.

8. Crisp MT, Kotov NA. Preparation of nanoparticle coatings on surfaces of complex geometry.Nano Letters. 2003;3(2):173–177.

9. Yan K, Yan B, Li BQ, Hong J. Investigation of bearing inner ring-cage thermal characteristicsbased on CdTe quantum dots fluorescence thermometry. Applied Thermal Engineering.2017;114:279–286.

Author Biographies

Pan Zhang, born in 1994, is currently a master candidate at Key Laboratory of Education Ministryfor Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China.

Bei Yan, born in 1987, is currently a Ph.D. candidate at State Key Laboratory for Manufacturingand Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China.

Ke Yan, born in 1984, is currently an associate professor at Key Laboratory of Education Ministryfor Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China. His mainresearch interests include shafting lubrication and thermal characteristic analysis.

Jun Hong, born in 1968, is currently a professor at State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing andSystems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China. His main research interests includeDigital design and on-line monitoring technique of service status.

Yongsheng Zhu, born in 1973, is currently a professor at Key Laboratory of Education Ministryfor Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China. His mainresearch interests include modeling and testing technology of bearing service state.

10 P. Zhang et al.

Planar Helix Driving Contact Curve LineGear Mechanism

Yangzhi Chen and Xiongdun Xie

Abstract Based on the previous studies of line gear (LG), also named as spacecurve meshing wheel (SCMW), a planar helix driving contact curve line gearmechanism(PHDC LGM) is proposed in this article. Unlike the previous line gearmechanism which select circular helix as driving contact curve, planar helix isselected in this article in consider of the difficulty in micro processing. The for-mulae of both contact curves and center curves of driving and driven line gearswere derived. Prototypes were designed and manufactured by 3D printing. Thenkinematics experiments were conducted, and the results show that the mechanismproposed is capable of steady transmission in intersecting axis.

Keywords Line gear � Micro manufacture � Planar helix

1 Introduction

Line gear (LG), proposed by YZ Chen in 2007, is a novel gear mechanism based onspace curve meshing theory [1]. Line gear mechanism commits in transmission viapoint contact by a pair of space conjugate curves. Circular helix is commonly usedas driving contact curve for its manufacture convenience in machining process.

In the basic theory of LG, the motion at the meshing point should satisfy thefollowing equation:

v12 � b ¼ 0 ð1Þ

where v12 is the relative velocity at the meshing point between the driving anddriven line teeth, and b is the unit normal vector of the driving contact curve at themeshing point [2].

Y. Chen (&) � X. XieSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640, Chinae-mail: meyzchen@scut.edu.cn

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018J. Tan et al. (eds.), Advances in Mechanical Design,Mechanisms and Machine Science 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6553-8_2

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