THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

Vol. 29 - No. 7 Monday, February 15, 1965 Price 10c

DeBerry Condemns Attack on N. Vietnam

C lifton DeBerry, 1964 presi­dential candidate of the So­cialist W orkers Party, issued a statement Feb. 9 assailing Pres­ident Johnson for the recent bomb attacks on N orth V ie t­nam. The statement declared:

Johnson’s reckless, bullying order to bomb areas of North V ietnam makes it clear that the great m a jo rity of the Am erican people were cruelly deceived last Novem ber when they were led to believe they w ere vot­ing for a responsible man of peace as opposed to a trigger- happy warmonger. The bomb­ings show that Johnson’s peace posture was deliberate dem­agogy and that he is, in fact, as trigger-happy as Goldwater.

The basic s im ilarity of John- C lifton D eBerryson’s approach to foreign policywas rather g leefu lly noted by G oldw ater himself a fter John­son’s equally crim inal order to bomb areas of Laos. Gold­w ater declared last Jan. 22: “He is now doing w hat I advo­cated doing by bombing the supply routes [to the guerrillas] in South V ietnam . I f there is anything else he wants to do, I ’l l be glad to advise h im .”

N or is it just a m atter of Johnson and G oldw ater shar­ing the same basic foreign-policy outlook. The parties that both men speak for also backed the p iratical attack on N orth V ietnam and have given unstinting b i-partisan support to Johnson during the present events. This is because both the Democrats and Republicans are fu lly committed to the reactionary aim of try ing to preserve the w orld capitalist system by try ing to ro ll back w ith any means at the ir dis­posal the rising colonial and socialist revolutions.

I t is urgent that the Am erican people — in the interests of justice and peace — demonstrate opposition to Johnson’s crim inal course and do everything they can to bring it to a halt before it ’s too late.

Doing so is adm ittedly d ifficu lt because there is as yet no strong popular voice to crystalize such sentiment. The trade-union and c iv il-righ ts officialdom are either silent or applauding Johnson’s action. The liberals, fo r the most part, are engaged in a shameful e ffo rt to whitewash the bomb­ings as a cunning m aneuver to pave the w ay for negotia­tions on V ietnam . Even if this w ere true, it could only be characterized as a- bloody and insanely risky form of “diplomacy.”

So far, only the le ft-w in g press has spoken out against Johnson’s course. B ut here, too, there is a weakness since a large part of the radical press is discredited on the issue because they supported Johnson in Novem ber as the “ re­sponsible,” “pro-peace” a lternative to Goldw ater. The present denunciations of Johnson by the publications that so supported him can at best leave their readers w ith mixed and confused sentiments.

I t is im perative that the Am erican people come to un­derstand w hat is really involved in the U.S. aggression in Vietnam . Just as the great m ajority of the people through­out the world now recognize Washington’s role as a thoroughly reactionary and destructive one, so the people of this country must awaken to the realization that if we are to escape atomic destruction, it is necessary to speak out before i t ’s too late.

By Fred HalsteadFEB. 10 — B y o rd e rin g the

bom bings o f N o rth V ie tnam Feb. 7 and 8, P resident Johnson com ­m itte d an act o f b ru ta l aggres­sion and b rough t the w o rld to the b r in k o f w ar. Johnson has taken an e x trem e ly r is k y gam ble, w ith the p o s s ib ility o f escalation to n u ­c lear w a r, in th is b loody a ttem p t to salvage the U.S. adven tu re in South V ie tnam fro m ce rta in m i l i ­ta ry and p o lit ic a l de feat by the South V ietnam ese people.

The a ir s trikes were ordered be­cause the U.S. forces in South V ie tn am are los ing the w a r to the g u e rrilla s there. They can’t re ta l i­ate e ffe c tiv e ly against g u e rr il la a t­tacks because o f the an ti-U .S ., p ro -re b e l a tt itu d e o f the general popu la tion . A s a substitu te , the U.S. has “ re ta lia te d ” by an act o f w a r against N o rth V ie tnam , a c o u n try w ith w h ich i t is fo rm a lly a t peace.

T h is places the U.S. in the pos i­t io n o f m ora l o u tla w by its ow n m ost lo u d ly -tru m p e te d standard. The U.S. has long c la im ed th a t the Japanese bom bing o f P earl H a rbo r was an in fam ous and c r im in a l v io la tio n o f in te rn a tio n a l la w be­cause fo rm a lly the tw o countries w ere a t peace — as is the present case w ith the U.S. and N o rth V ie t­nam.

The a ttack on N o rth V ie tn am is a f la g ra n t v io la tio n o f in te rn a ­tio n a l law , o f the U n ited N ations C h a rte r and o f the Geneva ac­cords on V ie tnam . U.S. o ff ic ia ls p re tend to e x p la in th is aw ay by im p ly in g th a t the g u e rr illa a ttack on the U.S. he licop te r base a t P le ik u in South V ie tn am was staged fro m N o rth V ie tn am or by “ in f i lt ra to rs ” fro m N o rth V ie tnam , us ing weapons fro m N o rth V ie t­nam . The U. S. bom bings, i t is c la im ed, w ere o f N o rth V ie tn am

D.C. MARCH TO PROTEST VIETNAM WARFeb. 9 — P lans fo r a student

M arch on W ashington to pro test the w a r in V ie tn am are tak in g shape. The dem onstra tion is sched­u led fo r Satu rday, A p r i l 17, and w i l l begin w ith a p icke t lin e a t the W h ite House.

T he S tudents fo r a D em ocratic Society (S D S ), w ho are o rgan iz­in g the m arch, issued th e ir o ff ic ia l ca ll yesterday, u rg in g “ the p a r­t ic ip a tio n o f a ll students w ho agree w ith us th a t the w a r in V ie tn am in ju re s bo th V ietnam ese and Am ericans, and should be stopped.”

Jack Barnes, na tio n a l cha irm an o f the Y oung Socia list A llian ce , re ite ra ted the Y S A ’s support o f the m arch, and said, “ The recent a ir a ttacks against N o rth V ie tnam by the U.S. g ra p h ic a lly dem ­onstra te the danger to the w o r ld in he ren t in the U.S. w a r in South V ie tnam . The d ir ty w a r o f a tro c ity the U.S. governm ent is conducting against the people o f South V ie t­nam m ust be opposed and stopped, and U.S. troops w ith d ra w n . E ve ry young person w ho is fo r peace, se lf-d e te rm in a tio n and dem ocracy in V ie tn am should w o rk to b u ild the SDS M arch on W ashington in to the la rgest possible p ro test.”

The SDS ca ll says, “ The c u rre n t w a r in V ie tn am is be ing waged in be ha lf o f a succession o f u n ­po pu la r South V ietnam ese d ic ta ­torsh ips, no t in be ha lf o f freedom . No A m erican -supported South V ietnam ese reg im e in the past few years has ga ined the suppo rt o f its people, fo r the s im p le reason th a t the people o ve rw h e lm in g ly w a n t peace, se lf-d e te rm ina tio n , and the o p p o rtu n ity fo r developm ent. A m erican prosecution o f the w a r has deprived them o f a l l three.

“ The w a r is fu n d a m e n ta lly a c iv i l w a r, waged by South V ie t­

namese against th e ir governm ent; i t is no t a ‘w a r o f aggression.’ M i l i ­ta ry assistance fro m N o rth V ie t­nam and C h ina has been m in im a l; m ost g u e rr il la weapons are hom e­made o r are captured A m erican arm s. The areas o f strongest g u e rr il la con tro l are no t the areas ad jacent to N o rth V ie tnam . A n d the people cou ld n o t and cannot be iso lated fro m the g u e rr illa s by forced se ttlem ent in ‘s tra teg ic ham le ts ’ ; again and again G ove rn­m en t m il ita ry a ttacks fa i l because the people t ip o f f the g u e rrilla s ; the people and the g u e rr illa s are inseparable . . .”

Troops D efectThe ca ll goes on to p o in t out

tha t the w a r is a los ing w a r. “ W e ll ove r h a lf o f the area o f South V ie tnam is a lready governed by the N a tion a l L ib e ra tio n F ro n t . . . Thousands o f G overnm en t troops have defected — the tra d it io n a l s igna l o f a los ing c o u n te r-g u e rr illa w a r. HO W M A N Y M O RE L IV E S M U S T BE LO S T BEFO R E T H E JO H N S O N A D M IN IS T R A T IO N A C C E P T S T H E FO REG O NE C O NC LUSIO NS? . . .

“ I t is a w a r never declared by Congress, a lthough i t costs a lm ost $2 m illio n a day and has cost b i l ­lions o f do lla rs . . . We are o u t­raged th a t $2 m il lio n a day is expended fo r a w a r on the poor in V ie tnam , w h ile governm ent f in a n c in g is so desperate ly needed to abolish p o ve rty a t home. W H A T K IN D OF A M E R IC A IS IT W HO SE RESPONSE TO P O V E R ­T Y A N D O P P R E S S I O N IN S O U TH V IE T N A M IS N A P A L M A N D D E F O L IA T IO N ? W HO SE RESPONSE TO P O V E R T Y A N D O PPRESSIO N IN M IS S IS S IP P I IS — S ILEN CE?

“ I t is a h ideous ly im m o ra l w a r.

A m erica is c o m m ittin g po in tless m u rd e r.”

F o r m ore in fo rm a tio n on th e M arch w r ite : S tudents fo r a D em ­ocra tic Society, 119 F if th Ave., N ew Y o rk , N .Y . 10003.

Student Protesters Attacked in OhioK E N T , Ohio, Feb. 10 —

Despite abuse and rough- ing-up by rig h t-w in g -in s ti­gated students, members of the K ent U niversity Young Socialist A lliance held .a scheduled campus demon- stratation yesterday protest* ing U.S. aggression in N orth Vietnam . The attacks on the demonstrators, which took place w h ile campus police stood by, has been con­demned by student leaders.

The small group of pickets , were set upon by some 150 to 200 students who hurled the ir leaflets back in th e ir faces, snatched and burned the ir picket signs and kicked and shoved them. Tw o cam­pus policemen and the cam­pus security officer refused to intervene even a fter one of the pickets, Barbara Brock, was kicked in the face.

The attack on the pickets was condemned as a v io la ­tion of constitutional rights by Craig Stephens, president of the Student Senate, and Anthony W alsh, a student senator.

Johnson

bases fro m w h ic h the P le ik u a ttack was staged.

A n exam ple o f the de ce itfu l w ay th is genera l im pression is con­veyed to the A m erican people — though no evidence w h a teve r is c ited to suppo rt i t — was the na ­t io n a lly te levised Feb. 7 press con­ference o f Defense S ecre tary Rob­e r t S. M cNam ara.

W h ile M cN am ara spoke, he po in ted to a la rge m ap o f V ie t­nam , on w h ich a rrow s w ere d ra w n ru n n in g fro m the U.S.-bom bed po in ts in N o rth V ie tn a m to P le iku and o ther po in ts in South V ie tnam •where g u e rr il la a ttacks had been reported. Though M cN am ara never exp la ined these a rrow s, n o r c ited a s ingle piece o f evidence, the false v isu a l im pression was given th a t these g u e rr il la a ttacks had

a c tu a lly o rig ina ted a t the Northi V ie tnam ese po in ts fro m w h ich the' a rrow s w ere d ra w n .

A s ide fro m such cheap tr ic k e ry , the im p lic a tio n is supported on ly by the o ff ic ia l s ta tem ent th a t U.S. “ in te llig e n ce ” showed th a t the N o rth V ietnam ese po in ts were used fo r in f i l t r a t in g g u e rr illa s in td South V ie tn am and th a t such in ­f i l t ra t io n has “ doub led” in the las t year. No de ta ils o r p ro o f are g iven.

I t is no to rious th a t U.S. in te l­ligence reports on South V ie tn am are m anufac tu red ou t o f Whole c lo th fo r propaganda purposes and have n o th in g to do w ith re a lity / F o r exam ple, I . F. Stone’s W eek ly o f Feb. 8 po in ts ou t th a t C e n tra l In te llig e n ce Agency D ire c to r M c- Cone to ld the Senate F ore ign Re­la tions C om m ittee Jan. 26 that' the re d id no t appear to be any im m ed ia te danger o f ano the r coup in Saigon. W ith in a fe w hours a fte r M cCone’s re p o rt ano the r coup occurred. U.S. “ in te llige nce ” doesn’t even know , o r doesn’t re ­p o rt the t ru th about, w h a t is go ing on am ong its ow n puppets in Sai-. gon, le t alone am ong the guer­rilla s .

The de ta ils o f the P le ik u a tta ck its e lf are fu r th e r p ro o f th a t U.S. in te llige nce in South V ie tn am is worse than useless. These deta ils also show th a t the po pu la tion sup­ports the g u e rr illa s and is com ­p le te ly hostile to the A m erican presence.

T he U.S. base near P le iku , Cam p H o llo w a y , is su rrounded by tw o aprons o f barbed w ire , sup­posedly f r ie n d ly South V ietnam ese troops; and o the r defenses fo r a depth o f tw o and a h a lf mileS. Y e t the g u e rr illa s — between 100 and 200 men by U.S. estim ates — w ere ab le to penetra te a l l these

(Continued on Page 4)

Johnson's Trigger-Happy Aggression Brings U.S. to New Brink in Vietnam

Page Two TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, February 15, 1965

Whitmore Confession Was Spotted As Fake at Time It Was Announced

F iv e non -o pe ra ting ra ilw a y u n ­ions rep resen ting 290,000 w o rke rs have agreed to a con trac t w ith some 200 ra ilroa ds and te rm in a l and s w itc h in g companies. T h is is th e f if te e n th agreem ent in the r a i l in d u s try since las t spring . The 15 agreem ents cover m ore than 90 p e r cent o f the ra ilro a d w o rk ­ers in the U.S.

As in the p rev ious settlem ents, the non -o pe ra ting un ions accepted an “ a t t r it io n p rin c ip le ,” w h ich , in effect, gives companies the r ig h t to proceed w ith d rastic jo b -c u t­tin g . T he f in a l snag in negotia tions was a f le x ib i l i t y clause a llo w in g com panies to tra n s fe r w o rke rs f ro m one area to ano the r to f i l l jobs. The un ions acceded th is r ig h t to the companies.T h e “ a t t r it io n p r in c ip le ” in b r ie f, a llow s the ra ilro a d s to abo l­ish a num be r o f jobs equa l to the nu m be r o f w o rke rs w ho q u it, die o r re t ire , or, are d ischarged fo r ju s t cause. I t p u rp o rte d ly l im its th e red uc tio n in the w o rk fo rce to 6% a yea r w h ic h is, how ever, at least 1% m ore tha n the “ n o rm a l” a t t r i t io n rate.

N o wage increases w ere nego­t ia t e d , n o r d id u n io n leaders at any tim e ra ise the question o f a sho rte r w o rk week w ith no loss in pay as th e o n ly m ea n ing fu l answ er to “ a t tr it io n ,” th a t is, lost jobs.

* * *

T he Jackass F la ts underground n uclear- te s t s ite in Nevada e x ­p loded a lo w -y ie ld shot Feb. 3, w h ile m ost o f the s ite ’s 5,000 w o rke rs w ere o u t on s tr ik e p ro ­tes tin g unsafe w o rk in g conditions.

One o f the w o rke rs ’ grievances charged “ bad a ir and poor v e n t i­la t io n ” in one o f the tunnels. O f

Weekly CalendarBO STO N

C R IS IS IN V IE T N A M — Ana lys is by G eorge Saunders, s ta ff w rite r, The M ili- •ant. Fri., Feb. 19, 8 p .m . 295 H u n tin g to n \v e . Rm. 307 (one b lo ck fro m Mass. \v e .) C o n tr ib . 50c. A usp . M ili ta n t La- oor Forum ,

•C H IC A G O

N E G R O LEADERS O F O U R T IM E . Aliscussion H>y: th re e p a r t ic ip a n ts in the : reedom N ow s tru g g le . Fri., Feb. 19, 8 a.m. 302 S. C an a l S t. A usp . F rid ay N ig h t so c ia lis t Forum.

v - , , •DETROIT

M A R X IS M A N D E X IS TE N T IA LIS M — \ r e th » Two C o m p a tib le ? Speaker, W i l ­iam F. W a rd e . Fri., Feb. 19, 8 p.m. 1737 W o o d w a rd . A usp . F riday N ig h t s o c ia lis t Forum.

* * *

The D eve lo pm e n t o f D em ocracy fro m the A n c ie n t G reeks to the Present — aio c ia lis t sem inar weekend o f lectures by W illia m F. W a rd e . Sat. & Sun., Feb. 20 I 21, I I a.m . 3737 W o o d w a rd . A usp . fo u n g S o c ia lis t A llia n c e .

LOS A N G E LE S 75TH B IR T H D A Y C E LE B R A T IO N hon­

o r in g ROSE KAR SNER and JA M E S P.C A N N O N , founde rs o f th e A m e rica n T ro tsky is t m ovem ent, w o rld renow ned in ­te rn a tio n a l soc ia lis ts . Fri,, Feb. 19, 8 :30 p .m . 1702 E. Fourth St. A usp . M ili ta n t L a b o r Forum.

•M IN N E A P O L IS

TH E STEELW ORKERS' F IG H T FOR W A G E S A N D U N IO N D E M O C R A C Y . Speaker, Joseph Johnson, Tw in C it ie s O rg a n ize r, S o c ia lis t W o rke rs Party. Fri., Feb. 19, 8 :30 p .m . 704 H en n e p in A ve . H a ll 240. A usp . F rid ay N ig h t S oc ia lis t Forum.

•N E W Y O R K

T W O C A S U A LT IE S IN TH E "W A R " O N POVERTY. R epo rte rs : M A J O R W IL ­L IA M S , D ire c to r o f C o m m u n ity C ou n c il on H ou s in g , a rrested and c lu b b e d b y H a rle m p o lic e ; LERO Y M cR AE, Lower East S ide socia l w orke r und e r f ire fo r his so c ia lis t ideas. Fri., Feb. 19, 8:30 p.m ., 116 U n ive rs ity PI. C o n tr ib . $1.A usp . M i li ta n t Lab o r Forum.

E m il Mazey

fa r g rea te r concern is the dea'th o f fo u r w o rke rs since las t Septem ­ber. D r i l l in g ever-deeper holes in w h ic h nuc lear devices are exp lo d ­ed has been going on a ro u n d -th e - c lock basis.

* * *U n ited A u to W orkers funds w ere

invested in a bank th a t fa ile d last m onth. The San F rancisco N a tio n ­a l B ank was closed Jan. 22 by a federa l agency on the grounds th a t i t was “ sub s ta n tia lly inso lven t.” The U A W he ld ce rtifica te s o f de­posit fo r $3,000,000 in the bank. A m ax im um o f $10,000 o f th is am ount is fe d e ra lly insured. Just how m uch the un ion w i l l recover is no t know n. The b a nk ’s assets w i l l p robab ly be d iv id e d among the re g u la r depositors and w h a t is le f t d is tr ib u te d p ro p o rtio n a te ly to the 271 holders o f the certifica tes o f deposit w ho are considered to be general c red ito rs o f the bank i f they w ere ge tting in te res t rates ove r the re g u la r deposit rate.

U A W S ecre ta ry -T reasu re r E m il M azey has accepted f u l l responsi­b i l i t y fo r the investm en t. “ H in d ­s igh t ind ica tes th a t w e should not have entered in to th is transac­tio n ,” he said.

In a Feb. 5 le tte r dem anding a congressional in ves tig a tion o f the b a nk ’s closing, M azey said; “ There have been re la t iv e ly few bank fa ilu re s since the 1930’s. B u t the f ig u re is on the increase. I have been advised th a t the re have been eleven bank fa ilu re s in the past 18 m onths. I do no t be lieve th a t the tragedy o f the San Francisco N a tion a l B an k is an iso lated in ­stance. I th in k i t represents a dan­ger s ignal. T rue, the establishm ent o f the Federa l Deposit Insurance C orpo ra tion , the fu n c tio n in g o f the o ffice o f the C o m p tro lle r o f the C urrency, and the F edera l Reserve B oard have g iven the p u b lic a sense o f secu rity in the opera tion o f na tiona l banks. I t now appears th a t th is m ay be a fa lse sense o f secu rity .”

* * *Thanks in p a rt to the fede ra l

governm ent, the F lo r id a East Coast R a ilw a y tu rn e d a t id y p ro f i t in 1964 despite the fa c t th a t eleven o f f - t ra in un ions have been on s tr ik e against the com pany fo r tw o years. The scab ra ilro a d cred ited a la rge p a rt o f its m ore tha n $2 m illio n p ro fits to fre ig h t hauled to the governm ent-ow ned m issile site a t Cape Kennedy.

B y H a r r y R in gThe fo llo w in g are excerpts

fro m a news com m entary d e liv ­ered ove r W B A I-F M in New Y o rk Feb. 11.]

L a s t A p r i l, w hen the po lice an­nounced tha t George W h itm o re , a 19 -yea r-o ld Negro, had confessed to the s lay ing the yea r be fore o f Jan ice W y lie and E m ily H o ffe rt, people breathed a sigh o f re l ie f in N ew Y o rk ’s upper East Side area w here the tw o g ir ls had been b ru ta lly m urdered. B u t those w ho had fe lt anxious abou t the k i l le r be ing a t la rge s t i l l have no rea l guarantee th a t he’s not.

W h itm o re has been exonerated o f the c rim e and another young m an, R icha rd Robles, has now been charged w ith it . B u t Robles— lik e W h itm o re — insists he’s innocent.

R ig h t now the re isn ’t too m uch in fo rm a tio n ava ilab le as to w h a t k in d o f a case the po lice have against Robles. B u t a g reat deal o f in fo rm a tio n has come to l ig h t about the case o f George W h it­m ore. A n d the facts th a t have come ou t are t r u ly shocking. P u t in to a sing le piece, they constitu te a da m n ing in d ic tm e n t o f the en tire po lice system in N ew Y o rk and— in m y op in ion — shed a lo t of l ig h t on how the po lice operate in a l l ou r m a jo r cities.

L e t me sum m arize the key facts o f the case. D u r in g the e a rly m o rn in g hours o f las t A p r i l 23, a M rs. E lba B o rre ro was the v ic t im o f an attem pted rape in B ro o k lyn . She succeeded in beating o f f he r assailant w ho then became the ta rg e t o f a po lice hunt.

T h a t a fte rnoon , George W h it­m ore was p icked up on the streets o f the B ro o k ly n ne ighborhood to w h ich he had m oved fro m his hom etow n o f W ildw ood , N ew J e r­sey.

A fte r ho ld in g h im fo r 24 hours, the au th o ritie s announced th a t young W h itm o re had confessed to the a ttem pted rape and had been id e n tifie d by the v ic t im as he r as­sa ilan t.

The po lice fu r th e r announced th a t W h itm o re had also confessed to the 1963 m u rd e r o f M iss W y lie and M iss H o ffe rt.

A n d — fo r good m easure — th a t W h itm o re had also confessed to the k i l l in g n ine days p re v io us ly o f M rs. M in n ie Edm onds in B ro o k ­lyn .

The p u b lic was assured by a top po lice o ff ic ia l, “ No question about it , he’s the r ig h t guy.”

The po lice spokesman deta iled to newsm en W h itm o re ’s supposed b lo w -b y -b lo w account o f exa c tly how he had m urdered M iss W y lie and M iss H o ffe rt.

The o ffic e r concluded the g ru e ­some account w ith these w ords; “ Then he ca lm ly washed his hands and le f t as he had entered.”

A s I re -re a d those w ords in re ­cent days, I cou ldn ’t he lp b u t fee l th a t they cou ld w e ll app ly to the cops w ho beat th a t tru m p e d -u p confession ou t of young W h itm ore . A n d they d id beat i t o u t o f h im !

P o lice C om m issioner M u rp h y has even gone so fa r — fa r fo r h im , th a t is — as to concede th a t the re were ce rta in “ reg re ttab le ” aspects to the case and th a t he ’s in ves tig a ting it.

B u t is th a t a l l th a t’s invo lved? W as the W h itm o re confession

N E W Y O R K N E W Y O R K

AFRICA SPEAKS OUTa d iscussion in d e p th

by United Nations Ambassadors from Ghana, Mali, Tanzania, on the role of their nations in world affairs.

Americana Hotel, Imperial Ballroom B — 7 Ave. & 52 St. Thursday, February 18, 1965 — 8 o'clock

A dm iss ion : $2.50 ̂ T ickets a v a ila b le now, a t

N A TIO N A L G U A R D IA N EVENTS DIVISION 133 W est 72 St., N.Y.C., EN 2-5727

s im p ly a m a tte r o f w h a t one po­lice o ff ic ia l described as an u n ­fo rtu n a te case o f an “ overzealous” cop ju s t t ry in g to solve a crim e?

O r was i t perhaps, as D is tr ic t A tto rn e y H ogan’s o ffice now con­tends, a case o f the po lice de pa rt­m en t p a lm in g o f f a confession on them th a t the y d id n ’t kno w was false?

O r was it , in fac t, a case o f the po lice au tho rities , as a w ho le , ac t­ing in concert to ra ilro a d a m an to the e lec tric ch a ir fo r a crim e the y kne w he d id n ’t com m it? I contend th a t the ava ilab le facts are s u ffic ie n t to prove the last to be the case.

W hen W h itm o re was a rra igned in the a ttem pted rape case, he im ­m ed ia te ly to ld h is cou rt-appo in ted la w y e r th a t he was innocent and th a t the confessions he had made had been beaten ou t o f h im . The la w y e r tr ie d unsuccessfu lly to have the charges dism issed. W h it­m ore was a rra igned and ordered com m itted to B e llevue fo r psych i­a tr ic observation.

He was he ld there fo r f iv e long m onths. D u r in g th is period , i t is now revealed, he was, w ith o u t his la w y e r ’s know ledge, g iven so- ca lled t ru th serums and, w h ile unde r th e ir in fluence , he s t i l l p ro ­tested his innocence. These facts w ere concealed. He was adjudged sane and last N ovem ber stood t r ia l fo r the a ttem pted assault on M rs. B orre ro .

Evidence D isputedA p a rt fro m the confession,

w h ich was obta ined a t the same tim e as the one now ad m itted by the po lice to be false, he was con­v ic ted on the basis o f a d isputed piece of evidence about a ja cke t bu tto n found a t the scene o f the crim e, p lus be ing id e n tifie d by the v ic t im . D u r in g the tr ia l, W h it­m ore ’s la w y e r cast serious doub t on th is id e n tific a tio n , b r in g in g ou t these facts:

1) The c rim e was com m itted on a da rk , s to rm y n igh t.

2) The v ic t im had had her glasses knocked o ff at the begin­n in g o f the struggle.

3) The descrip tion o f the as­sa ilan t in the po lice a la rm was o f a ta lle r and heav ie r b u i l t m an than W h itm ore .

Y e t W h itm o re was convicted and is s t i l l a w a itin g sentence on th a t charge.

W h itm o re was fo rtu n a te in th a t h is parents s tuck by h im , and th a t several la w ye rs became in terested in h is p lig h t, as d id a nu m be r of newspapers. A nd , perhaps m ost fo rtu n a te ly , the B ro o k ly n N A A C P recognized the case fo r w h a t i t was — th a t o f a N egro w ho had fa lle n v ic t im to po lice p re ju d ice — and the organ iza tion in te r ­vened in h is beha lf, also assigning a la w y e r to the case.

The papers began to p o in t to holes in the cases. I t emerged tha t a k e y piece o f evidence had to be discarded. W hen the po lice f ir s t announced W h itm o re ’s confession, they le t i t be kno w n th a t they had f ir s t lin k e d h im to the W y lie - H o ffe rt m u rd e r w hen they found a photo o f M iss W y lie in h is pos­session. The photo tu rne d ou t to be tha t o f a g ir l in h is hom etow n o f W ildw ood , N.J.

Word also got out that there were several witnesses to the fact that Whitmore was at home in Wildwood on the day the W ylie- Hoffert murders were committed.

F in a lly , on Jan. 22, an u n id e n ti­f ied source in D is tr ic t A tto rn e y H ogan’s o ffic e leaked in fo rm a tio n to the press th a t the W y lie -H o f- fe r t case against W h itm o re , was “ f u l l o f holes.”

Three days la te r, P rosecutor Koota w e n t in to c o u rt and ob ta ined an A p r i l 5 t r ia l date fo r W h itm o re in the Edm onds k il l in g . The n e x t day, M anha ttan po lice arrested R ichard Robles and charged h im w ith the k i l l in g o f M iss W y lie and M iss H o ffe rt. The fo llo w in g day Hogan dropped the in d ic tm e n t against W h itm o re and m em bers o f h is s ta ff b lam ed the po lice de­pa rtm e n t fo r pa lm in g o f f a false confession on them.

M eanw h ile , M r. Koota, the B ro o k ly n prosecutor, is s tu b b o rn ly co n tin u in g his p u rs u it o f conv ic ­tions. He has re fused to d rop the m u rd e r charges against W h itm o re in the Edm unds case o r seek a re v ie w o f W h itm o re ’s conv ic tion in the a ttem pted rape case. K oo ta ju s tif ie d th is to an N A A C P de le­ga tion on the grounds tha t each confession was a separate one, choosing to igno re the obvious fac t th a t a ll three w ere ob ta ined by the same cops in the same po lice s ta tion in the same 24 -hour p e r­iod!

B u t i t is n o t o n ly K o o ta ’s con­duc t th a t is outrageous. T h is w ho le case has s tun k to h igh heaven fro m the ve ry beginn ing.

I t has been ap pa ren tly fo rg o t­ten in recent days b u t W h itm o re ’s confession was branded as phony the v e ry day i t was announced.

Saw F law sJan ice W y lie was, the niece o f

au tho r P h ilip W y lie . T he day the cops announced W h itm o re ’s con­fession, reporte rs w e n t to P h ilip W y lie w ho to ld them w ith o u t hes­ita t io n th a t the re w ere obvious and serious fla w s in the s to ry a t­tr ib u te d to W h itm o re and, de­c la red W y lie , “ I t sounds lik e a guy w ho got scared in to a confes­sion o r w ants to m ake a nam e fo r h im se lf.”

T h is aroused the c u rio s ity o f some newsm en w ho w e n t back and p u t some m ore questions to the police. The reporte rs w ere assured by D epu ty Police Com ­m iss ioner W a lte r A rm : “ T h is m an came up w ith de ta ils th a t cou ld have been kno w n to no one b u t the po lice and the m an w ho com ­m itte d the c rim e .”

B u t perhaps the depu ty com ­m iss ioner was also taken in? I doub t it. I f you check the news­paper file s o f th a t period , you w i l l f in d the po lice were a lready hedg ing on the question o f the photo th a t they had c la im ed was o f M iss W ylie . A n d i t has now been revealed tha t the y came to the conclusion th a t i t was no t a photo o f her w ith in tw o weeks a fte r W h itm o re ’s so-called confes­sion last A p r i l.

F u rthe rm o re , R ay W illia m s , the B ro o k ly n N A A C P la w y e r w ho has been acting in W h itm o re ’s beha lf, has obta ined sw orn a ff id a v its fro m tw o residents o f W ildw ood, New Jersey, th a t they had to ld the New Y o rk po lice some three o r fo u r m onths ago th a t they knew d e fin ite ly th a t W h itm o re was in W ild w o o d the day o f the W y lie - H o ffe r t k illin g s . W illia m s also has a sw orn a f f id a v it fro m another W ild w oo d res ident w h o says she id e n tifie d the so-ca lled photo o f M iss W y lie as one o f a W ild w oo d fr ie n d and th a t she had in fo rm e d the New Y o rk po lice o f th is a num ber o f m onths ago. . .

F o rtu n a te ly , George W h itm o re has escaped one o f the fa lse charges b ro u g h t against h im — a lthough the o the r tw o s t i l l hang over h is head and i t is no t a t a l l excluded, i f there is n o t a s u f­f ic ie n t p u b lic ou tc ry , th a t he s t i l l m ay pay the p rice fo r c rim es he d id n o t com m it. . . .

Monday, February 15, 1965 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Three

W A S H IN G T O N , D.C. — I f i t is a llow ed to stand, Lou is ian a ’s la w against subvers ive a c t iv ity w ou ld be used to s tr ik e a t a ll c iv il- r ig h ts o rgan iza tions t ry in g to reg­is te r Negroes to vote.

T h is was one o f the m a in a rgu­m ents made to the U.S. Suprem e C o u rt a t a hea ring o f an appeal b y the S outhern Conference E du­ca tiona l F u n d (S C E F ), a c iv il- r ig h ts group based in N ew O r­leans.

SCEF and tw o o f its o ffice rs have asked the h igh c o u rt to de­c la re the Lou is iana la w in v a lid . T h e y charge th a t i t is be ing used to s t if le w o rk fo r c iv i l r ig h ts and ra c ia l in te g ra tio n , and th a t s im i­la r law s w i l l be used elsewhere in the South i f the Lou is iana s ta tu te stands.

S tate ’s A rg u m e n t

A tto rn e ys fo r the S tate o f L o u ­is iana contended, how ever, th a t the la w is d irec ted o n ly a t sub­ve rs ive and C o m m un is t-fron t o r­ganizations.

James A . D om brow sk i, SCEF execu tive d irec to r, and B en ja m in E. S m ith , treasu re r o f SCEF, are u n d e r in d ic tm e n t on a charge of fa il in g to reg is te r as o ffice rs o f a subvers ive o rgan iza tion . They w ere arrested a fte r ra ids on th e ir homes and o ffices in O ctober, 1963.

S m ith ’s la w pa rtn e r, B ruce W a ltze r, is charged w ith fa il in g to reg is te r as a m em ber o f the N a­t io n a l L a w ye rs G u ild , also de­scribed b y the state as a Com ­m u n is t-fro n t o rgan ization.

A tto rn e ys fo r Lou is iana were asked b y C h ie f Justice E a rl W ar­ren fo r a d e fin itio n o f a C om m un­is t- fro n t o rgan iza tion . They rep lied

James A. Dom brow ski

th a t i t is one lis ted b y the House U n-A m erican A c tiv it ie s C o m m it­tee (H U A C ), Sen. James East­la n d ’s In te rn a l S ecu rity Subcom ­m ittee , the U.S. A tto rn e y G eneral, o r the Subvers ive A c tiv it ie s Con­tro l Board.

Justice B y ro n W h ite asked, “ H o w w o u ld anybody k n o w w h a t i t is? W ou ld you kn o w w h a t i t is?” W arren wondered, “ H ow m any C om m unists w o u ld you have to f in d to m ake i t Com m unist- in f i lt ra te d ? ”

B rie fs ask ing th a t the Lou is iana la w be s tru ck dow n w ere f ile d by the N A A C P Lega l Defense & E duca tiona l Fund, the A m erican C iv il L ib e rtie s U n ion and the Na­t io n a l La w ye rs G u ild .

Ky. Supreme Court Hears Appeal of 'Libel' Conviction

F R A N K F O R T , K Y . — The case o f a N egro leader in Lou is iana m ay re su lt in m ore free speech fo r jobless w o rke rs and th e ir a l­lie s in Eastern K e n tu c k y and the rest o f A ppa lach ia .

I t depends on how the K e n tu cky C o u rt o f Appeals v iew s the appeal o f Stephen A shton, a N ew Y o rk

Meeting at Columbia U Hears William Warde Analyze Existentialism

NEW Y O R K , Feb. 9 — O ver one hund red C o lum b ia U n iv e rs ity s tu ­dents tu rned out las t n ig h t to hear W ill ia m F. W arde speak on “ A P h ilosophy fo r Rebels — M arx ism o r E x is te n tia lism ? ” The m eeting on the u n iv e rs ity campus was sponsored by the C o lum b ia Y oung S oc ia lis t A llia n ce .

On Feb. 5 W arde spoke on “ E x ­is ten tia lism and M a rx is m ” at the M il i ta n t La b o r F o rum in Boston before an audience o f ove r 120 people, m os tly students. The la rge tu rn o u t occurred despite snow and the fa c t th a t some o f the m a jo r colleges w ere on vacation .

W arde, a c o n trib u to r to The M il ita n t and the In te rn a tio n a l So­c ia lis t R eview , is the au tho r o f A n In tro d u c tio n to the Log ic o f M arx ism , The Uneven and Com ­b ined D evelopm ent o f H is to ry and o th e r M a rx is t w orks. In both speeches W arde argued th a t the tw o ph ilosophies cou ld n o t be suc­cessfu lly synthesized.

The C o lum b ia U . m ee ting was the f ir s t in a series o f w e ek ly ta lks be ing sponsored by the Co­lu m b ia Y S A . Ra lph L e v it t , one o f the th ree s tuden t defendants in the B loom ing ton Case, w i l l speak Feb. 15 on “ A N ew G eneration of Radicals.”

s tuden t w ho w en t to Hazard, K y ., to w o rk w ith unem ployed m iners.

The decision m ay be c ru c ia l fo r vo lun teers w ho are m ov ing in to A ppa lach ia to he lp jobless and underpa id w h ites and Negroes ob­ta in jobs o r a guaranteed income.

A shton was sentenced to s ix m onths in ja i l and fine d $3,000 on a charge o f c r im in a l lib e l a fte r he w ro te an essay c r it ic a l o f pub­lic o ff ic ia ls and newspaper ed ito rs in Hazard.

E ph ra im London, a tto rn ey fo r the A m erican C iv i l L ib e rtie s U n ­ion, argued fo r reversa l o f A sh ­to n ’s conv ic tion at a hearing of h is appeal be fore K e n tu c k y ’s h ig h ­est court.

Lond on ’s argum ent was based m a in ly on the U.S. Suprem e C o u rt’s recent ru lin g s th a t i t is d i f f ic u lt to l ib e l a p u b lic o ff ic ia l unless d o w n rig h t m alice is proved.

C ited Precedent

London quoted fo r the K e n tu c k y c o u rt a section fro m a ru l in g by the Suprem e C o u rt in the case o f the Rev. E lton B. Cox. T h a t m in ­is te r had been charged w ith tend­in g to cause a breach o f the peace by lead ing a c iv il- r ig h ts m arch in B aton Rouge, La., in December, 1961. One e lem ent in the charge against A shton was th a t h is w r i t ­ings tended to upset the peace o f the com m un ity .

A sh to n ’s a tto rn ey quoted fro m the unan im ous decision o f the Suprem e C o u rt in w h ich i t up ­he ld C ox ’s freedom to p ro test un ­der the F irs t A m endm ent to the U.S. C onstitu tion .

Delegations o f A sh ton sym pa­th ize rs a ttended the cou rt hearing. T hey w ere organized by the A p ­pa lach ian C om m ittee fo r F u ll Em ­p loym e n t (A C F E ), Hazard, and the S outhern Conference Educa­t io n a l F und (S C E F ), a c iv il-r ig h ts g roup based in N ew O rleans, La.

New Appeal Announced in Indiana Case

The defense in the case o f the B lo om in g ton students has an ­nounced th a t its n e x t step w i l l be to appeal the recent s p lit decision o f the Ind ian a Suprem e C o u rt u p ­h o ld in g the Ind ian a A n ti-C o m m u ­nism act. The f ir s t appeal w i l l be to the Ind ian a Suprem e C o u rt to re -cons ider and, i f th a t fa ils , the appeal w i l l be taken to the federa l courts.

In ad d ition to the la w ’s u n - c o n s titu tio n a lity , one o f the grounds o f appeal back to the In ­d iana Suprem e C ourt is th a t in its o p in ion i t d id no t m en tion the a r ­gum ent presented b y the defense th a t the students were to be tr ie d fo r som eth ing o th e r than w h a t they w ere charged w ith .

T om M organ, J im B ingham and R a lph L e v it t , students a t Ind ian a U n iv e rs ity , w ere in d ic te d in 1963 unde r the w itc h -h u n t law . They w ere charged w ith a tten d in g tw o d iffe re n t m eetings, on M arch 25, 1963 and M ay 2, 1963. B u t prose­c u to r H oad ley stated in a b i l l o f p a rticu la rs th a t he w o u ld t r y the th ree students no t fo r any one m eeting, b u t fo r th e ir a c tiv itie s in the F a ir P la y fo r Cuba C o m m it­tee and the Y oung S ocia lis t A l ­liance over an extended period , w h ich is no t w h a t the y are charged w ith .

Right-Wingers Direct Fire at Antioch College

By A rth u r M aglinY E L L O W SPRING S, O. — There

is an organized r ig h t-w in g cam ­pa ign to d ry up the fin a n c ia l sources o f A n tio ch College, the lib e ra l school located here.

P resident James P. D ixo n to ld a Jan. 26 college assembly: “ I t is now beg inn ing to appear tha t the re is a concerted le tte r-w r it in g cam paign to corpora tions saying th a t i f A n tio ch is a re c ip ie n t o f any o f th e ir largess, the le tte r- w r ite rs w o u ld tu rn in th e ir c re d it cards.”

A n tio ch depends, as do m ost p riva te ly -ope ra ted colleges, to a la rge ex te n t on con trib u tio n s fro m corpora tions.

D ixo n noted th a t the le tte rs fo llow e d a com m on pa tte rn . He also po in ted ou t th a t “ the re was a re p e tit iv e q u a lity ” to the ques­tions telephoned to h im d u rin g his appearance on the D ayton ra d io show, “ Conversation Piece.” A nu m ber o f the questions dea lt w ith events w h ich had taken place d u r in g the M cC a rth y ite w itc h ­h u n t era. “ People kne w th ings about A n tio ch th a t i t seemed im ­possible fo r them to kn o w unless they w ere to ld ,” he said.

D eny ing any “ pa rano id fe a r” o f conspiracy, D ixon po in ted out: “ T here has been a change in the fo rm o f a ttack on libe ra lism . Pres­en t a ttacks are m uch m ore organ­ized; m uch m ore s k i l l fu l ly exe­cuted.”

In recent m onths A n tio ch has been p u b lic ly attacked by the A m erican Legion, whose na tio n a l conven tion ca lled fo r a Congres­siona l in ves tig a tion o f the college, as w e ll as b y the A m erican Nazi P a rty and the K u K lu x K la n .

A l l these a ttacks appear to be traceable to anger over the c iv il- r ig h ts a c tiv itie s organized by A n ­tioch students. Perhaps another fa c to r was a speech la s t year by P resident D ixo n n o ting th a t w h ile the college, since its fou nd ing in the las t cen tu ry , had been u n o f­f ic ia lly on the side o f desegrega­tion , he w ished to m ake c lear th a t i t was now “ o ff ic ia l. ”

A n tio c h gives w ork-cred its , u n ­de r its w o rk -s tu dy program , to students w o rk in g fo r SNCC in M iss iss ipp i and o ther pa rts o f the South.

Morton Sobell Transferred To Lewisburg, Pa., Prison

N E W Y O R K — M orton Sobell, w ho continues to appeal fo r re ­lease on the basis o f h is innocence on the conspiracy to com m it es­pionage charge, on w h ich he was condem ned to 30 years in prison, has been trans fe rre d to L e w is ­b u rg Federa l P e n ite n tia ry fro m the P rison M ed ica l C en te r in S p rin g fie ld , M issouri, h is w ife , H e len Sobell, disclosed today.

M rs. Sobell learned th a t her husband has a rr iv e d a t L e w is ­burg, Pa., on rece ip t o f le tte rs fro m h im d e ta ilin g his trans fe r. Sobell, w ho is now in h is f if te e n th yea r o f im p rison m en t as a resu lt o f the Rosenberg-Sobell t r ia l in 1951, was a t the S p rin g fie ld M ed­ic a l C enter fo r about a yea r and a h a lf. He had been trans fe rre d the re fro m the Federa l P en iten­t ia r y a t A tla n ta , Ga., because o f poor hea lth , re q u ir in g h o sp ita li­zation. P re v io u s ly he had been incarce ra ted in A lca tra z fo r m ore tha n f iv e years. W orld -w id e ap­peals th a t the re was no ju s tif ic a ­t io n fo r c o n fin in g h im in th a t now de func t m ax im um -secu rity prison was fo llo w e d b y his tra n s fe r to A tla n ta .

Eases T ra v e l B urden

“ The tra n s fe r closer to home w i l l ease the bu rden o f tra v e l th a t o u r fa m ily has borne fo r so m any years,” said M rs. Sobell. “ W e hope th is step means th a t we are a b it closer to the o n ly goal we can accept in th is d isg race fu l case — the long overdue com plete fre e ­dom o f m y innocen t husband.”

M rs. Sobell reported th a t m ore than 7,000 hav e signed a pe titio n to P res iden t Johnson asking So- b e ll’s release on the g round th a t he is an innocent man, u n ju s tly

M orton Sobell

convicted. Sobell has charged th a t the tes tim ony o f a lone w itness against h im was pe rju red .

A m ong those w ho have signed the p e tit io n fo r a f u l l pardon, le d b y D r. H a ro ld C. U rey, D r. L in u s P au ling , M a r t in Buber, Pab lo Cas­als and B e rtra n d Russell, a re: R abb i B a lfo u r B r ic k n e r o f N ew Y o rk C ity , H a ro ld A . C ra n e fie ld o f A n n A rb o r, M ich ., Rev. D r. E rw in A . Gaede o f A n n A rb o r, M ich ., Dean D ona l E. J. M acNa- m ara o f N ew Y o rk C ity , R e inho ld N ie b u h r o f N ew Y o rk C ity , P ro f. M a lco lm Sharp o f the U n iv e rs ity o f Chicago L a w School, R aphael Soyer o f N ew Y o rk C ity and Rab­b i Jacob J. W e inste in o f Chicago.

Belgian Rulers Dole Out New Payoff To Tshombe for Services Rendered

By D ick RobertsThe B e lg ian governm ent gave

Congolese p u p p e t-d ic ta to r M oise Tshom be its stam p o f approva l Feb. 7, conc lud ing a week o f se­c re t sessions in Brussels. The agreem ent en ta ils a tra n s fe r o f w h a t has been estim ated as $300 m il lio n w o rth o f securities in U.S. and B e lg ian in terests to Tshom be’s L e o p o ld v ille governm ent.

T h rou gh th is m aneuver — w h ich is be ing advertised as a trem en­dous concession to the Congolese — the U.S. and B e lg ium hope to b u ild up Tshom be’s pow er and prestige in o rder to assure his v ic to ry in fo rthco m ing Congo elec­tions. C loser exam ina tion o f the agreement, however, reveals th a t the va lue o f these securities is o n ly a sm all fra c tio n o f to ta l fo r ­eign ho ld ings in the Congo.

W hat is ba s ica lly at stake is con tro l o f the g ian t Katanga c o r­po ra tion , U nion M in ie re , w h ich is jo in t ly owned by B e lg ian and U.S. investors. U n ion M in ie re has an­nu a l sales o f over $200 m illio n — in c lu d in g 10% o f the w o r ld ’s cop­per ou tpu t and 75% o f the w o r ld ’s cobalt.

B u t the f ig u re o f $200 m illio n is m is lead in g ly lo w because i t does n o t cover the va lue o f U nion M inere sales o f u ra n iu m w h ic h are k e p t secret. U n ion M in ie re pro- duces 50% o f the u ra n iu m in the West. Even such a w e ll-tra ine d puppet as Tshom be w on ’t be pe r­m itte d to get h is hands in to th is p rized c o ld -w a r supply.

C h icken Feed

Some idea o f the rea l w ea lth o f the Congo can be seen from the fac t th a t the U.S. and B e lg ium have present investm ents va lued over $5 b il l io n — ne a rly 20 tim es the am ount do led ou t to Tshombe. The “ concession” doesn’t g ive the Congo governm ent anyw here near a c o n tro llin g in te res t in the je a l­ous ly guarded m in e ra l w ea lth .

Tshom be’s im m ed ia te com pen­sation fo r tra v e l to Brussels was a check fo r $1.8 m illio n . T h is sum looks sm a ll in com parison w ith the huge Congo investm ents — b u t i t w i l l go a long w a y tow ards re ­w a rd in g Tshom be’s m ercenaries fo r th e ir m u rd e r o f thousands o f L u m u m b is t freedom figh te rs .

L.A. Forum Hears Report on Congo By Correspondent

LO S A N G E LE S — The audience a t the Feb. 5 M il i ta n t La bo r F o­ru m here heard a f irs t-h a n d de­s c rip tio n o f the Congo b y M ichae l C rosswell, a newspaper co rre ­spondent sta tioned the re in 1961 and 1962.

He traced the A fr ic a n c o u n try ’s e xp lo ita tio n , beg inn ing w ith its personal ow nersh ip by K in g Leo­po ld o f B e lg ium . The sym bo l o f th a t heritage is today ’s con tras t between the lu x u rio u s E uropean- s ty le homes o f the e xp lo ite rs and the t in -a n d -ta rp a p e r shacks o f the Congolese.

N a tion a l sovere ignty, C rossw ell said, has been a farce since the c o u n try ’s w ea lth has rem ained f ir m ly in the hands o f B e lg ian , U.S. and B r it is h interests. Because o f th is, the Congolese rece ive a bare subsistence liv in g . Those w ho res is t are described in the W estern press as “ C om m un is t-ag ita ted sav­ages.”

The speaker sum m arized Con­golese fee lings about w h ites w ith the fam ous A fr ic a n adage: “ W hen the w h ites sent the m issionaries, they had the B ib les and w e had the land . N ow w e have the B ib les and they have the land .”

SCEF 'Sedition' Case Argued in High Court

Page Four TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, February 15, 1965

THE MILITANTEditor: JOSEPH H AN SEN

Managing Editor: GEO KG E L A V A N Business Manager: K a R O L Y N K E R R Y

Published w eekly, except during Ju ly and August when published b l-w eekly , by The M ilita n t Publishing Ass’n., l l f l U nivers ity PL, N ew Y ork 3, N .Y . Phone CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at N ew Y ork, N .Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilita n t’s views. These are expressed In editorials.

Vol. 29 - No. 7 345 M o n d a y , F e b ru a ry 15, 1965

. . . Aggression in Vietnam3 2 O H E W A LL STREET JO U R N A qS W edntid*/, November 18, 1964

W hite Paper on VietnamU.S. Readies Data That Could Serve To Justify ‘Escalating’ W ar on Reds

B y W il l ia m B e e c h e rS ta f f R e p o r te r o f T h e W a l l S t r e e t J o u r n a l W ASHINGTON - The Johnson A dm in is tra ­

tio n Is p repa ring a bu lky W hite Paper d e ta il­in g ways In w hich the Red g ue rrilla s o f South V ie tnam have been d irected and supplied from outside. I f It 's made pub lic. th is document cou ld serve to establish Justification fo r extend­in g the anti-Com m unist w a r to m ilita ry ta r ­ge ts in N orth V ie tnam , Laos and possibly Cam bodia.

The decision on w hether o r when to “ esca­la te " w a rfa re in Southeast A sia hasn't ye t been made. B u t Governm ental a c tiv ity w hich one lo fty pa rtic ipa n t calls " fe ve rish ” suggests the ; decision po in t i s close a t h a n d .

A t the Pentagon, planners are crossing T 's and dotting I 's in five sets o f contingency plans, any one o r com bination o f w hich m igh t be ripe fo r im plem enta tion:

K N E W T H E SCORE. This item from the Nov. 18, 1964 W all Street Journal, and reproduced in the Nov. 30, 1964 issue of The M ilitan t, described in advance the pretext that would be used fo r fu rther attacks on N orth V ietnam and Laos.

BELGIAN U N IO N LEADER SPEAKS OUT

(C ontinued fro m Page 1)defenses and place exp losive charges by hand unde r a irc ra ft on the f ie ld and against the w a lls of b u ild in g s in the center o f the camp. The a la rm w asn’t g iven u n t il a U.S. sen try saw g u e rrilla s fas ten ing exp losives on a barracks. N on e o f the sold ie rs o f the Saigon reg im e de ta iled to guard the base gave any sort o f a la rm . A Feb. 7 A P d ispa tch from P le ik u reports th a t 13 o f these hand-p laced charges exploded — des troy ing several planes and k i l l ­in g the sen try w ho sounded the a la rm — be fore the m o rta r b a r­rage began. Then 60 m o rta r shells w ere fire d . T h a t was the w hole a ttack. E ig h t U.S. sold iers were k i l le d and over 100 wounded. A l l the g u e rr illa s got aw ay, fad in g th ro u g h the barbed w ire and m iles o f defenses w ith ou t a s ing le one be ing discovered.

The same dispatch reports th a t U.S. o ffice rs la te r found s ix im ­p r in ts o f A m erican -m a de m orta rs in the m id d le o f a ha m le t 1,000 yards fro m the a irs tr ip and w e ll w ith in the defenses around the camp. A U.S. o ff ic e r is quoted as saying: “ A n y o f the people in th a t h a m le t over the re cou ld have w arned us the V ie t Cong was around. B u t the y d id n ’t w a rn us.”

A l l reported evidence fa ils com ­p le te ly to suppo rt the o ff ic ia l U.S. exp la na tio n th a t the P le ik u a t­ta c k was staged fro m or depended upon N o rth V ie tnam . On the con­tra ry , the evidence c le a rly in d i­cates th a t i t was a ty p ic a l South V ietnam ese g u e rr illa a ttack, in ­v o lv in g loca l m en kno w n to and supported b y the loca l popu la tion . T hey used U.S. weapons captured in South V ie tn a m fro m A m erican troops o r fro m the re lu c ta n t so l­d ie rs o f the Saigon regim e.

The success o f the ra id — lik e the success o f the g u e rr il la w a r as a w ho le — was due to the sim ple fa c t th a t the po pu la tio n is fr ie n d ly to the g u e rr illa s and hostile to the A m erican invaders.

A n o th e r fa c t th a t con trad ic ts the o f f ic ia l U.S. exp la na tio n fo r the bo m bing o f N o rth V ie tn am is th a t

Your Help Is NeededFunds are urgently needed

fo r the court appeal in the Ind iana student case. Send contributions to Committee to A id the Bloomington S tu ­dents, P.O. Box 213, N ew Y ork , N . Y . 10003.

a ll three a ttack a irc ra ft ca rrie rs of the U.S. Seventh F lee t w ere in the South C h ina Sea near the N o rth V ietnam ese Coast at the tim e o f the P le ik u event. The usual pa tte rn fo r these ca rrie rs is one o f d ispersal. A l l the evidence c le a rly ind ica tes th a t the U.S. had p re v io us ly prepared fo r the a ttack on N o rth V ie tnam and s im p ly seized on the P le ik u event — w h ich occurred w h ile S oviet P re ­m ie r A lexse i N. K osyg in was in H ano i fo r ta lks — as the p re te x t to proceed. The U.S. cou ld have seized on — and can do so in the fu tu re — any ba ttle in w h ich the g u e rr illa s in flic te d losses on the A m erican troops.

W hat, then, is the rea l reason beh ind the U.S. a ttack on N o rth V ie tnam ? I t is a desperate a ttem p t to place the U.S. in a pos ition o f “ s treng th ” fro m w h ic h to nego­tia te a South V ie tn am settlem ent, and a th re a t to en large the w a r i f the U.S. doesn’t get the k in d o f negotia tions i t w ants. Faced w ith sure defeat in South V ie tn am i t ­self, Johnson has placed the U.S. pow er and ruthlessness to bomb N o rth V ie tn a m ’s people and in ­d u s try on the tab le. T h is gives the U.S. a b ru ta l and ba rba ric b a r­ga in ing po in t in any fu tu re nego­tia tio ns fo r a V ie tn am settlem ent.

D om estica lly , Johnson’s move cuts the ground ou t fro m under his r ig h t-w in g c ritics . H e ’s o u t- G o ld w a te rin g G o ld w a te r again. A t the same tim e i t th row s the scare o f a K orea-type w a r o r a general w a r in to the pu b lic and makes nego tia tions fo r a se ttlem ent in V ie tn am som eth ing to be looked fo rw a rd to w ith re lie f.

B u t above a ll, Johnson’s m ove is an ex tre m e ly b ru ta l and reckless gam ble, s im ila r to G enera l D ou­glas M a c A rth u r ’s p lunge to the Chinese bo rde r in Korea. That, too, was based on the assum ption th a t the Chinese w o u ld n ’t en ter the w a r. In th is case, the re are even m ore unknow ns.

Johnson is ga m b ling th a t n e ithe r the Russians, the Chinese, n o r the N o rth V ietnam ese w i l l m ake a coun te r m ove th a t w i l l escalate the w a r. H e is also p la y in g w ith exp losive unkno w n factors in th rea ten ing a fu r th e r escalation by the U.S. i f the N o rth V ietnam ese don ’t p u t a dam per on the South V ietnam ese re v o lu tio n a ry g u e rr illa w a r. I t is no t a t a l l ce rta in the H ano i governm ent cou ld do th a t even i f i t w an ted to. The o n ly w ay fo r the th re a t to w o r ld peace to be rem oved fro m V ie tnam , is fo r the U.S. to get ou t and leave the V ietnam ese alone.

[O n Jan. 15 the Brussels reg ion­al o rgan izations o f the teachers u n ion and the gas-and-e lectric w o rke rs un ion sponsored a m eet­ing in defense o f dem ocra tic r ig h ts in B e lg ium and in s o lid a rity w ith the Congolese masses against cap­ita lism . Despite freezing w eather and attem pts (unsuccessfu l) o f r ig h t-w in g e rs to en te r the h a ll and d is ru p t the m eeting, i t was ve ry successful. Speeches were made in F rench and F lem ish. Be low are excerpts fro m the speech o f P ie rre Le G reve. A t the end o f the m eet­in g the audience o f 700 passed a reso lu tion em bodying the p ro ­posals lis ted in Le G reve ’s c losing rem arks .]

L e t no one be surp rised tha t labo r un ions are concerned over the s itu a tio n in the Congo. A un ion shou ldn ’t be an association o f in te rests b u t a means o f class strugg le . M oreover, in the Congo a ffa ir , trade un ion ism has to de­fend dem ocra tic p rinc ip les , th re a t­ened r ig h t here ins ide o u r own cou n try , and take a stand against the p o licy o f ou r governm ent w h ich is the defense o f cap ita lism and o f the m onopolies in the Con­go.

B lo w to Dem ocracy

Dem ocracy was dea lt a b low be­cause they don’t conduct such m il ita ry opera tions w ith o u t “ con­d it io n in g ” the c iv ilia n popu la tion . T h is requ ires the m anagem ent of the news, secret p repa ra tions ne­

c e s s a r ily outside o f the con tro l o f pa rlia m en t. P a rlia m e n t and the press are in fo rm ed o n ly a fte r­wards, a fte r the ly in g denials. A l l the propaganda has been fro m one side. The opera tion ’s hu m a n ita ria n character l i te ra l ly could no t be discussed . . .

A dem onstra tion by the le ft was fo rb idd en ; in its place there was a dem onstra tion by the extrem e r ig h t whose p rovoca tion w en t to the p o in t o f an a ttack on the A l­ge rian embassy.

Then there was the deporta tion o f the Congolese students w ho dared to voice ju d g m e n t on w h a t was ta k in g place in th e ir ow n coun try . There w ere the pressures and the th rea ts against G linne , a m em ber o f pa rlia m en t, fo r hav ing revealed a “ secret” docum ent w h ich damaged the ju s tific a tio n o f the o ff ic ia l p o licy . . .

L e t us now pose the question w h e the r the S ta n le y v ille opera tion was p r im a r ily hu m a n ita ria n o r m il ita ry . I t w o u ld seem th a t the la n d in g o f paratroopers behind the c ity ’s defenders at the m om ent o f the m a in a ttack m ust have a s tra teg ic e ffe c t . . .

Coord ina ted A tta c k

The parachute a ttack was ca l­cu la ted to take place when the m echanized co lum n o f the A N C [Tshom be’s a rm y ] w o u ld be in a position to a ttack the defenses of S tan leyv ille .

A n a rtic le in S oir, e n tit le d “ Re­be llion in the Congo,” emphasized th a t the parachute a ttack had an advantage and a disadvantage. The disadvantage was th a t o f re ­q u ir in g a long p re pa ra tion w ith p re lim in a ry bom bing, w ith suc­cessive drops, c lea ring o f the te r­ra in . B u t on the o th e r hand, i t b ro ug h t a v e ry m ob ile suppo rt to the mass o f the troops a t the mo­m en t o f the attack. One m ig h t ask oneself — said S o ir — i f an a t­tack by the A N C alone w o u ld no t have a llow ed a m ore ce rta in l ib ­e ra tion w ith fe w e r v ic tim s !

In short, i t seems indeed to be a d isadvantage to the h u m a n ita r­ia n p ro je c t b u t an advantage fo r the s tra teg ic p ro je c t . . .

Besides, th a t is the w ay i t tu rn e d o u t a t the tim e o f the re ­ta k in g o f K in d u , and w h a t is m ore, th a t is the w a y i t tu rne d ou t in a l l the c ities w h ich w ere re taken th e re a fte r by the A N C , such as B uta , A k e t i and B un ia . F u rthe rm o re , a t the tim e o f these operations, the A N C was sta ffed

Patrice Lum um ba

by w h ite o ffice rs and spearheaded by m ercenaries.

The tes tim ony o f the refugees, w h e the r p r in te d in S oir o r Der- n iere Heure o r in Peuple and in the various agencies is a ll categor­ica l: the massacre began on lyw hen the paratroopers and the rebels came in to contact. Thus it was indeed a m a tte r o f a panic reaction .

Be th a t as i t m ay, w arn ings w ere no t lack ing . There had been the cable fro m the B e lg ian am ­bassador in L e o p o ld v ille , back in Ju ly , w h ic h po in ted ou t th a t the use o f w h ite o ffice rs , likew ise m ercenaries, could pu t the lives o f the Europeans in danger. A n d on the v e ry eve, the rebe l ra d io and M r. G benye’s messages guaran­teed the secu rity o f the hostages, on the cond ition th a t the re w ou ld be no m il i ta r y in te rv e n tio n , bom ­bardm ent o r pa ra troop landings.

T h is raises the question o f the hostages.

F o r the n a tio n a lis t governm ent a state o f w a r exists between i t and B e lg ium and the U n ited States.

The in te rn m e n t o f enemy na-

S tree t b a ttl in g between dem ­o n s tra ting students and cops arm ed w ith subm achine guns, tear-gas bombs and r if le s , Feb. 2, cu lm ina ted g ro w in g protests in L isbon ove r the co n tin u in g arrests o f s tudent leaders. The Salazar reg im e has charged some 60 s tu ­dents w ith “ com m un ism ” and “ subvers ive a c tiv itie s .” P o rtu ga l is a d ic ta to rsh ip and the C om m u­n is t P a rty is ou tlaw ed.

A rres ts o f the students have been ta k in g place fo r the last sev­e ra l m onths, and inc lude m any o f the m ost p ro m in e n t s tuden t lead­ers. The Feb. 2 r io t b roke ou t in fro n t o f the L isbon C r im in a l C ourt fo r P o lit ic a l A ffa irs w here the f i r s t fo u r o f the arrested students were be ing tried .

D em onstra to rs w ere d is tr ib u t­in g lea fle ts c a llin g on the na tion to “ u n ite w ith the u n iv e rs ity in the s trugg le fo r a w o rth y and free c o u n try .” I t con tinued , “ S tudents do n o t w a n t d iso rder o r ag ita tion b u t do no t accept v io lence and in ­ju s tice . . . We dem and th a t po lice to rtu re s cease. W e dem and th a t con s titu tio n a l law s be respected.”

A lth o u g h the dem onstra tors w ere passing ou t the lea fle ts peace fu lly , Salazar’s cops started to beat them up. T h is v io lence sparked a b a ttle w h ich con tinued fo r severa l hours — w ith po lice us ing hoses and horses to break up groups o f dem onstrators.

The fo llo w in g week, the P o rtu -

tiona ls is a fre q u e n t p ractice in the h is to ry o f wars! The in ternees become hostages o n ly w hen th e ir safe ty becomes an ob jec t o f ne­go tia tion .

H ad the in ternees o f S tan ley­v il le become an ob ject o f nego- tion? W ere the th rea ts founded? T h a t is another question. The death o f some 30 hostages in S tan­le y v ille seems to have been above a ll a tragedy o f circum stances.

See O the r SideB u t one cannot discuss such a

dram a w ith o u t p u ttin g h im s e lf in the place o f men w ho, w ith m ake­s h ift means, are de fend ing a cause th a t they consider ju s t against an a rm y w h ich , thanks to fo re ign in ­te rven tion , is u t i l iz in g the m ost advanced in s tru m en ts o f destruc­tio n : planes, rockets, napa lmbombs.

In w ars o f th is type, fac ing ad­versaries w ho c a n destroy en tire v illag es fro m the sky, the rebel is go ing to b r in g fo r th his ow n bom b — and th a t is te r ro r is t ac­t iv ity . W hen he has no m achine gun, he k i l ls w ith a kn ife . F rom the “ c iv iliz e d ” p o in t o f v ie w th a t is d ir ty and “ savage.” A n d when he doesn’t have a ir pow er, he ne­gotiates the w ith d ra w a l o f hostile planes by ta k in g hostages . . .

I t is the ba s ica lly neo-colonialust p o licy ca rried ou t by the W estern governm ents in the Congo tha t is responsible fo r a ll o f the blood sp illed . . .

B lam e fo r Lu m um b aIn the op in ion o f a la rge p a rt

o f the w o rld , w e Belg ians bore re sp o n s ib ility fo r the death o f Lum um ba. A n ti-B e lg ia n fee lings have been aroused by the s igh t o f the la test events in the Congo.

The absence o f p ro test o r o f re ­sistance to such acts in o u r W est­ern countries, has ca lled in to ques­t io n the re v o lu tio n a ry s p ir it o f the W estern p ro le ta ria t.

W e m ust react.We m ust dem and the im m edia te

end o f a l l p o lit ic a l and m il ita ry in te rv e n tio n in the Congo, the c a llin g back o f the deported Con­golese students, and, fo r the fu ­tu re , we m ust resolve on a p o licy o f an a lliance o f the w o rke rs ’ m ovem ent w ith the Congolese m ovem ents closest to o u r ideas on the class strugg le .

guese O pposition — the O rgan iza­tion fo r Social and D em ocratic A c ­tio n — w h ich excludes com m unist p a rtic ip a tio n , a ttacked Salazar fo r the s tudent arrests and dem anded his res ignation . The O pposition contended th a t Salazar was d r iv ­in g s t u d e n t s to com m unism th rou gh use o f the com m un is t bugaboo.

Portuguese newspapers, w h ich are censored by the d ic ta to rsh ip , m entioned s tudent dem onstra tions, b u t d id no t speak o f the L isbon events.

A New Pamphletincluding

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Portuguese Students in Battle With Dictator Salazar's Cops

Condemns Intervention in Congo

Monday, February 15, 1965 T H E M IL IT A N T Page Five

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By K aro lyn K erryT h is is the m on th in w h ich N e­

gro H is to ry W eek is celebrated. Special m eetings and observances w i l l be devoted to te ll in g some of the t ru th abou t the cen tu ries-long strugg les o f b lack people.

In ce leb ra tion o f Negro H is to ry , The M il ita n t is o ffe r in g a special g i f t th ro u g h o u t F eb rua ry . The o ffe r is fo r 8 x 1 0 p r in ts o f a ll fo u r p ic tu res on th is page p lus one o f the m a rty re d Congolese freedom fig h te r, P a trice Lum um ba. Each p ic tu re has been c a re fu lly chosen and is o f exce lle n t q u a lity .

N a t T u rn e r. H ere is a p o r tra it o f the leader o f th is c o u n try ’s most fam ous slave re vo lt. T u rn e r ’s u p ris in g in V irg in ia in 1831 was crushed by superio r num bers and weapons. T he in su rg en t slaves w ere ru th less ly massacred and N a t T u rn e r was hanged. T h is d ra w in g (pho tog raphy had no t ye t been in ­ven ted) is fro m the fam ous S chom burg C o llec tion o f Negro lite ra tu re and a rt.

S o jou rne r T ru th . She was born a slave in New Y o rk in 1797. H er f iv e ch ild re n w ere taken fro m her and sold. To rega in a f iv e -y e a r-o ld son il le g a lly taken fro m he r and sent to A labam a, she engaged in a he ro ic and successful co u rt b a t­tle . In the 1840s and 50s she be­came fam ous on the p la tfo rm s o f the a n ti-s la v e ry and w om en's- r ig h ts m ovem ent. H e r o r ig in a lity o f tho ugh t and expression and her un ique pe rson a lity made he r one o f the most rem arkab le figu res in U.S. h is to ry .

F rede rick Douglass. The pho to ­graph was made be fore the C iv il W ar. B y then Douglass was a lready in te rn a tio n a lly fam ous as one o f the m ost p o w e rfu l o ra to rs and w r ite rs o f the a n ti-s la v e ry m ove­m ent. Audiences w e re astounded th a t a m an o f such eloquence, b r illia n c e and w i t was a se lf-e d u ­cated, run aw ay slave. Douglass no t o n ly gave ir re fu ta b le personal tes­tim o n y abou t s lave ry b u t was a l iv in g exam ple o f the po ten tia lit ie s o f the b lack man. Ins id e the A b o ­li t io n is t m ovem ent he c la im ed fo r the Negro people a ro le o f leader­sh ip and dec is ion-m aking .

H a rr ie t Tubm an. As a young wom an she was a f ie ld hand and developed the g reat s treng th w h ich la te r served he r so w e ll. Escap­in g in 1849, she soon became the m ost fam ous conducto r on the U nde rg round R a ilw ay , the slaves’ escape route . She earned the t i t le “ Moses” o f he r people by going South tim e and again, lead ing m ore than 300 slaves to freedom .

P atrice Lum um ba. M a rty re d leader o f the Congolese freedom m ovem ent, he was m urdered by U .S .-B e lg ian puppets seeking to keep the Congo’s w e a lth under im p e ria lis t con tro l.

H o w can you ob ta in these f iv e p ictures? S im p ly send in a one- yea r subscrip tion to The M il ita n t and th e f iv e p r in ts w i l l be sent to you. I t can be a new subscrip ­tion , a renew a l o f y o u r present subscrip tion o r a g if t subscrip ­tion . I f y o u r present subscrip tion hasn’t exp ire d yet, send in a one- yea r ren ew a l and a yea r w i l l be added to the rem a ined o f y o u r p resent subscrip tion period.

Rem em ber, th is o f fe r is good on ly d u rin g the m on th o f Feb­ru a ry . M a il in y o u r subscrip tion today and get y o u r f iv e free Ne­gro H is to ry p ic tu res b y re tu rn m a il.

H arrie t Tubm an

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Page Six TH E M IL IT A N T Monday, February 15, 1965

Y A N K E E GO H O M E . One of countless mass demonstrations in Japan against the bomb and against U.S., program to rem ilitarize country.

Medal forW hen the governm ent o f con­

se rva tive P re m ie r Eisalcu Sato aw arded Japan ’s h ighest decora­t io n fo r a fo re ig n e r to G eneral C u rtis Le M ay on Dec. 7, i t s tirre d some con troversy because LeM ay had p layed a ro le in the atom ic bom bing o f H iro sh im a and Naga­saki.

The fo llo w in g a rtic le , w h ic h ap­peared in N ih o n Dokusho Shin- bun, an independent c u ltu ra l and p o lit ic a l w e ek ly o f le ft- lib e ra l ten­dency, contrasts the honor be­stowed on L e M ay to the co ld in ­d iffe re nce and d is c r im in a tio n m et­ed ou t to su ffe re rs fro m the a tom ­ic bombings.

The tra n s la to r in fo rm s us tha t th is was one o f the few n a tio n ­w id e Japanese papers w ith n a tion ­a l c irc u la tio n even to com m ent on the scandalous aw a rd to LeM ay. (Le M ay , in c id e n ta lly , was d ire c tly responsib le fo r the fire -bom b ing o f c iv i l ia n sections o f Tokyo, also in 1945, in w h ic h even m ore non- com batants w ere k il le d than in the atom -bom bings.)

The U.S. press p layed the s to ry o f L e M a y ’s m eda l in a low key, as ap p a re n tly d id the Japanese press. A l l the m ore n o te w o rth y then is th is account o f the a fte re ffec ts o f A m e ric a ’s m onstrous crim e, w h ich no a w a rd ing o f m edals can efface.

* * *

B y K unio YanagidaThe Sato cab ine t at its m eeting

o f Dec. 4 reso lved to aw ard Jap ­an ’s “ F irs t Class O rde r o f M e r it o f th e G rand Cordon o f the R is ing S un” to U.S. A i r Force C h ie f o f S ta ff C u rtis LeM ay.

Who is LeM ay? A cco rd in g to M inoru Genda, fo rm e r ch ie f o f staff of Japan’s A i r Self-Defense Forces and m em ber o f the D ie t [p a r lia m e n t], G enera l L e M ay is the m an w ho helped develop the A i r Self-Defense Forces and thus supposedly con trib u te d to the m aintenance o f peace in the F a r East.

B u t L e M ay is also the m an who,

Back in Print

Uneven and Combined Development In HistoryBy William F. W arde

60c

Pioneer Publishers 5 East Third St.

New York, N.Y.. 10003

as ch ie f o f s ta ff o f the U.S. S tra ­teg ic A ir Forces w ith headquarters a t the 21st B om ber Com m and at G uam , gave the “ go-ahead” o rder fo r the d ro pp ing o f a tom ic bombs on H irosh im a and Nagasaki in A ug us t 1945. He is one o f the b ig m urderers.

A n d now the Japanese govern­m en t is g iv in g h im its h ighest honor, pa id fo r w ith taxes. The reader perhaps reca lls the w e ll- kn o w n saying: “ K i l l one, and you are a m u rd e re r; b u t k i l l a m illio n and you are a hero.” T he govern­m en t has g iven l i fe to th is saying be fore o u r ve ry eyes . . .

B u t how has the governm ent trea ted those in ju re d b y the A- bombs? The answer can best be seen in the M otom ach i d is tr ic t in H irosh im a.

B a rra ck HomesThere are ove r 1,000 barracks

a long the O tha R iv e r bank, three- m inu tes w a lk in g distance fro m the b u s tlin g cen ter o f the c ity . [These are t in y , c rude she lters construct­ed end-to-end in long row s b y the im poverished A -bom b su rv ivo rs on a s tr ip o f c ity-ow ned land by the r iv e r . ] The ba rracks are jam m ed in to an area o n ly some 1,300 yards long and fro m tw o to 40 yards back fro m the r iv e r . In each “ room ” (th e la rgest be ing 12 sq. yds., the sm allest o n ly tw o ) are crow ded w ho le fam ilies , no t on ly parents and ch ild re n , b u t every k in d o f re la tiv e as w e ll.

Some ba rracks are b u ilt on top o f others. A n d the re are dogs everyw here . The people w ho liv e here su rv ive on rag -p ick ing , spor­adic pu b lic -w o rks jobs, and w e l­fa re paym ents. A t least h a lf o f them are bom b v ic tim s.

A cco rd in g to the Jan ua ry 1964 data o f the L a b o r A d m in is tra tio n D epa rtm en t o f the M in is try o f W elfare , the nu m ber o f those fro m M otom ach i on “ m ake -w ork” p ro j­ects was 608 and m ost liv e d in these barracks. A cco rd in g to the data o f the w e lfa re o ffice , 253

exem pt fro m the law s o f m odern cap ita lism w h ic h d r iv e w o rke rs to defend th e ir l iv in g cond itions. On Dec. 29 the w ho le is land was shut dow n in a p ro test against incom e- tax increases. Since then, three b ig s trikes have broken out, m ost re ­cen tly a s tr ik e in la te Janua ry by 1,500 telephone, te legraph, and postal w o rkers .

Indian Socialists SplitA s p lit has occurred in In d ia ’s

U n ited S oc ia lis t P a rty (U S P ), w h ich was fo rm ed o n ly las t June. The USP was a m erger o f the fo r ­m er Socia lis t P a rty led by Ram M anohar Lohia, a le ft -w in g socia l- dem ocra t and na tion a lis t, and the P ra ja Socia list P a rty , a m oderate, a n ti-C o m m u n is t a ff i l ia te o f the Second In te rn a tio n a l. The s p lit oc­cu rred Jan. 31 w hen 12 members — a ll P ra ja socialists — q u it the USP ’s 25-m an na tion a l com m ittee and w a lked o u t o f its na tiona l conference.

The on ly reason reported fo r the w a lk o u t was a charge o f a “ c u lt o f pe rson a lity ” against Loh ia . No p o lit ic a l d iffe rences w ere reported. L o h ia ’s S oc ia lis t P a rty had led a b ig s tr ik e in Bom bay in the teeth o f the w itc h -h u n t in 1963, when the Congress P a rty ru le rs had used the C h inese-Ind ian border d ispu te to declare a “ na tiona l em ergency.” R ecently the USP led mass ra ids on p r iv a te g ra in stores to protest severe food shortages and p rice speculation.

W hy They W on't FlyA d ispatch h ig h ly c r it ic a l o f the

South V ietnam ese a ir fo rce ap­peared in the Feb. 3 New Y o rk W orld -T e leg ram . I ts au thor, J im

fa m ilie s (752 persons) in the d is­t r ic t w ere on w e lfa re , and most w e re su rv ivo rs o f the A-blast.

B o th the na tio n a l and c ity gov­ernm ents ca ll the barracks “ i l ­legal s truc tu re s” and th e ir in ha b ­itan ts “ ille g a l occupants” and plan to e v ic t them fo rc ib ly . . .

The v ic tim s are c lass ified in categories fro m “ specia l” to “ fo u rth class.” The “ specia l” class is m ade up o f those w h o were w ith in a rad ius o f tw o k ilom e te rs o f the atom ic blast. Those in the “ specia l” class in H iro sh im a alone n u m ber 52,675.

The “ f ir s t class” includes those w ho w ere in a rad ius beyond tw o k ilom ete rs . The “ second,” those w ho entered the tw o -k ilom e te r rad iu s w ith in tw o weeks a fte r the blast. The “ th ird class” is made up o f those w ho w ere o ffsho re in ships. A n d the “ fo u r th ” is o f those w ho were in th e ir m othe rs ’ bodies.

The to ta l o f su rv ivo rs in H iro ­sh im a is 163,624. The num ber of dead grow s yea r a fte r yea r a t the H irosh im a A to m ic B om b H osp ita l. M ost o f the cases are anem ia ( in ­c lu d in g le u k e m ia ). T he pa tien ts s trugg le w ith the decreasing phys­ica l s treng th o r to ta l feebleness caused b y ra d ia tio n sickness. A nd the governm ent has le f t them to c a rry on th is unseen s trugg le on th e ir ow n and d rive n them down in to poverty .

In H irosh im a, n e a rly h a lf (43 pe r cen t) o f those on “ m ake -w ork” re lie f are su rv ivo rs . [M a n y are too i l l to w o rk , and even i f they can, the nu m ber o f “ re l ie f jobs” is sm a ll — T r .] O ve r one fo u rth , o r 27 per cent o f fa m ilie s on w e l­fa re are su rv ivo rs . T hey liv e on on ly 6,400 yen per person per m on th [ab ou t $18, whereas a m id ­dle-class business m an averages about 30,000 yen ] . . .

M r. A ., w ho has liv e d in M o­tom ach i since 1945, does no t even kn o w the w o rd “ le uke m ia .” He to ld us th a t h is dog is h is on ly amusement. A lth o u g h he knows

Lucas, com pla ined th a t V ie tn a m ­ese p ilo ts “ a lm ost d a ily ” in v e n t reasons fo r no t f ly in g m issions, and th a t w hen they do f ly , they w o n ’t “ f ly lo w enough fo r bombs and rockets to be e ffec tive .” U.S. p ilo ts have to do the d ir ty w o rk , says Lucas. “ U sua lly , one o r tw o V ie tnam ese-p ilo ted planes are in ­c luded to m ake th ings look r ig h t . ”

Sounds lik e the V ietnam ese p i­lo ts are show ing good sense, no t cow ard ice. W h y should the y ris k th e ir lives in a w a r they don ’t w ant, a w a r o f W ash ing ton ’s crea­tion? T h is a ttitu d e p ro ba b ly e x ­p la ins w hy, in the m id s t o f the Feb. 7 a ir s trikes on N o rth V ie t­nam, a South V ietnam ese p ilo t landed h is fig h te r-b o m b e r in C am ­bodia and asked fo r asylum . He m ay have heard the U.S. wanted some South V ietnam ese planes to p a rtic ip a te in those ra ids — over rea l a n t i-a irc ra ft f ire — “ to make th ings look r ig h t.”

Zanzibar AnniversaryIn an a rtic le m a rk in g the f ir s t

ann ive rsa ry o f the Z anzibar Rev­o lu tion , the governm ent newspa­pe r K w eupe ( “ D a w n” ) said tha t the re v o lu tio n the re is a “ con tinua ­tio n o f the revo lu tions in A fr ic a , Asia, and L a t in A m erica ,” and has proved a source o f in sp ira tio n fo r a l l A fr ic a n fig h te rs fo r indepen­dence.

The Zanz iba r R evo lu tion “ has p roved ,” the a rtic le continued, “ th a t i t is q u ite im possib le fo r w o rke rs and a ll oppressed people in any c o u n try to seize state pow er by peacefu l means.” Events had shown c le a rly th a t the feuda lis ts and co lon ia lis ts w i l l never su r­rende r state pow er un less-the peo­p le “ m ake re v o lu tio n and take up arm s.”

th a t i t is because o f the A-bom b th a t he has lo s t h is h a ir and th a t he a lw ays feels d u ll, h is kn o w in g th is doesn’t he lp h im get enough to eat.

H e said he had long since g iven up be ing an g ry b u t th a t even at the annua l ne ighborhood street fe s tiv a l he sensed the d isc r im in a ­t io n against h im . H e d id no t say w h e the r people d isc rim in a ted be­cause o f h is p o ve rty o r i f he be­came poor because he was d is­c rim in a te d against. A f te r th is con­versa tion , he w e n t to w o rk w ith h is o ld dog. W ho is responsible fo r th is d isc rim in a tio n?

B o th G u iltyW e can’t cheat h is to ry . I t is

un de n ia b ly tru e tha t, on the one hand, Japan ig n ite d the flam es o f w a r because o f the greed o f its m onopolies and tha t, on the other, the U.S. in v io la tio n o f in te rn a ­tio n a l conventions massacred a great nu m be r o f non-com batants. N o w the governm ent trea ts those w ho w ere v ic tim s o f w a r as i f they w ere c rim ina ls .

T he tre a tm e n t o f su rv ivo rs at the A -B om b R e lie f D epa rtm en t in H irosh im a is te rr ib le . [Persons ap­p ly in g fo r re l ie f m ust l is t “ spon­sors” w ho w i l l be responsib le fo r them and can te s tify th a t they w ere indeed A -bom b v ic tim s — T r .] The depa rtm ent is fa r m ore concerned w ith the sponsor’s sta­tus, how m uch he can pay, than w ith the cond ition o f the pa tien t as f i l le d in on his app lica tion fo rm .

S u rv ivo rs o ften have to renew th e ir app lica tions, and i f they fa il to do so even once, they can no

G u tie rre z M enoyo, the leader of the Cuban coun te r-revo lu tionaries w ho w ere captured in la te Jan­ua ry , appeared on Cuban rad io and te lev is ion Feb. 2. G u tie rre z to ld how his group had been in P uerto R ico before th e ir i l l- fa te d la nd ing in Cuba, and th a t they had received he lp fro m fo rm e r P uerto R ican G overnor, L u is M u ­noz M a rin .

One o f G u tie rre z ’ fo llow e rs , w ho appeared on the same program , to ld how he had been tra in ed by the U.S. C e n tra l In te llig ence A gen­cy. The an ti-C a s tro crew exp la ined th a t they had sailed fro m P uerto R ico to the D om in ican R epublic whence they em barked fo r the sabotage m ission in Cuba.

M e t PeasantsT hey re la ted th a t a fte r la nd ing

they had been fed by Cuban peas­ants, w ho then reported them to the Cuban arm y.

A n o th e r sabotage a ttem p t took place Feb. 3. The Cuban govern­m en t said th a t a gunboat had shelled an in s ta lla tio n o f o il tanks near T rin id a d , in Las V illa s P ro v -

longer q u a lify fo r re lie f. Even i f the y do get a “ s u rv iv o r ’s pass­book,” th a t q u a lifie s them fo r o n ly2,000 yen ($5) a m on th m ax im um m edica l re lie f.

The w e lfa re center, w h ic h is supposed to p ro v id e fo r th e ir health -care needs and g ive voca­t io n a l guidance, says: “ W e are no t a llo tte d enough m oney. W e have o n ly 7,000-8,000 yen to g ive fo r n u ­t r i t iv e m ed ic ine in one m on th and o n ly 6,000 fo r bedclothes fo r pa­tien ts go ing in to a hosp ita l. Thus, a t most, we can g ive o n ly 600-1,000 to each case, even i f one is te r r ib ly poor. So in tw o years, we have o n ly been able to he lp 100 people.”

In A p r i l 1955, f iv e su rv ivo rs sued the state fo r com pensation fo r a l l A -bom b v ic tim s . The su it, how ever, has no t ye t been decided. T he governm ent dodges respon­s ib ility , say ing th a t the re is no precedent w hereby a defeated na­t io n can dem and com pensation fro m the v ic to r, and th a t i t is too abstract to b lam e the governm ent its e lf, since the lega l concept o f re s p o n s ib ility fo r the d ro p p in g o f A-bom bs has no t been established in in te rn a tio n a l law .

T he mass s laugh te r o f non-com­batants has been co n tin u in g since W o rld W ar I I , as m ay be seen in Korea, V ie tnam , and A fr ic a . The Japanese state, in d is c r im in a t­in g against the v ic tim s and penal­iz in g them p o lit ic a lly and socia l­ly , has shown th a t i t in d ire c tly supports such mass slaughter.

Now the state has shown th a t i t d ire c tly supports the s laugh te r — by a w a rd ing th is m edal to Gen. LeM ay.

ince, b u t th a t there was l i t t le damage.

M eanw h ile tw o m ore coun te r­re v o lu tio n a ry in f i lt ra to rs , w ho confessed to be ing fro m a C IA base in N icaragua, w ere captured Feb. 6. They landed w ith arm s and rad io equ ipm ent, accord ing to a Cuban dispatch.

N o t ye t as il l- fa te d as th e ir b ro th e r k il le rs - fo r -h ire , some Cuban cou n te r-re vo lu tio n a rie s re ­cen tly back fro m the Congo e x ­p la in th a t the Congo is a good tra in in g ground fo r fu tu re attacks on Cuba. F o r th is reason, they say, fu tu re saboteurs fo r Cuba are p resen tly be ing rec ru ited fo r basic t ra in in g in Tshom be’s w h ite m e r­cenary forces.

Signed up a t a re c ru it in g sta­tion in M ia m i, the Cuban m ercen­aries are pa id a m in im u m o f $600 per m on th and m ay receive up to $1,500. T h is does n o t inc lude w h a t they take in lo o tin g Congolese cities. A “ fr in g e b e n e fit” — $60,- 000 li fe insurance — was m en­tioned as added in cen tive to the Congo tra in in g program .

I World EventsStrikes Cripple Bermuda

Captured Cuban Exiles Reveal Aid by Puerto Rico Governor

Medal for Gen. LeMay AssailedA JAPANESE VIEWPOINT

Strikes Cripple BermudaW orkers in indus tries th ro u g h ­

o u t B erm uda have stopped w o rk in sym pa thy w ith e lec trica l w o rk ­ers s tr ik in g fo r un ion recogn ition a t the B erm uda E le c tric L ig h t Com pany. The s tr ik e has caused v io le n t clashes. W hen po lice tr ie d to he rd scabs th rou gh the p icke t lin e Feb. 2, the p ickets defended th e ir line , d r iv in g o f f the cops and sending n ine to the hosp ita l. The governm en t, c la im in g th a t sym pa­th y stoppages on the docks have threa tened the is land ’s food sup­p ly , risked m ore vio lence by send­in g the a rm y in to un load ships.

Class War in ParadiseA n o th e r “ to u ris t paradise” has

been h i t by labo r strugg les re ­cen tly . F a r -o f f T a h iti, in the South P ac ific , proves n o t to be

Monday, February 15, 1965 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Seven

to s tr ike . Condon-W adlin is no t o n ly be ing cha llenged in the courts, i t has had the l i fe sapped fro m i t by 28 days o f w in te r p ic k ­eting.

T h is s tr ik e also has consequenc­es reach ing beyond its im m edia te gains. The prospects fo r organ iza­t io n bo th am ong governm ent em ­ployes and w h ite -co lla r w o rkers have been g iven a boost. K n o w l­edge o f s tr ik e tactics and m ethods o f con fro n tin g the governm ent as a boss have been gained, and m any lessons learned abou t fr ie n d s and enemies.

I ’m sure m any w ere surp rised a t the press’ sudden concern fo r o u r c ity ’s po ve rty -s tricken . A n y w ho had illu s ion s m ust have learned about the “ im p a r t ia l” T im es and the “ lib e ra l” Post. N ow th a t the m yths o f “ absolute t r u th ” and “ a ll the news th a t’s f i t to p r in t ” have been exposed, per­haps news about Cuba, hu m an ita r- ian ism in the Congo and w ars on p o v e rty w i l l rece ive a new look.

B u t perhaps the m ost im p o rta n t aspects o f the w e lfa re s tr ik e were the p o lit ic a l ones, and w e have ye t to see e xa c tly w h a t was learned on th is score. I t ’s obvious th a t “ b a tt l in g ” B ob W agner’s friend-o f- la b o r im age d id n ’t stand up too w e ll. H is ro le as a s tr ikeb rea ke r was c lear and i t was also c lear fro m reports of p icke t lin e chants th a t the s tr ike rs understood th is.

Y e t w h a t’s to be done? H ow m any s t i l l hope fo r a “ good gu y ” lib e ra l rep lacem ent to be p u t up n e x t N ovem ber b y e ith e r pa rty? H ow m any saw th a t i t isn ’t ju s t because W agner is nasty th a t Con­don-W ad lin “ had to be enforced?” Is i t a s ing le in d iv id u a l o r an en­t ire c ity a d m in is tra tio n th a t is trapped b y its ow n law s w hen i t comes to s tr ike rs , b u t can change law s in a sing le a fte rnoon in the case o f a s ta ll-in?

I f w e lfa re w o rke rs and rec ip ­ien ts a like , as w e ll as th e res t of us N ew Y orke rs , are eve r go ing to get consistent representa tion fro m o u r c ity governm ent, w e m ust stop sup po rting candidates ove r whom w e ho ld no co n tro l the day a fte r e lection. W e m ust begin the con­s tru c tio n o f a p a r ty whose pow er base is am ong the w o rk in g peo­ple, the m a jo r ity , and is no t re ­sponsible to land lo rds, em ployers, and banks.

A la n D avis

Aid to JoblessN ew Y o rk , N .Y.

M y pra ise to Johnson; I th in k he is t ry in g to f ig h t unem p loy­m ent. On Jan. 29, 9 a.m., Pau l H a rv e y reported th a t in o rder to reduce the budget by reducing fede ra l m anpow er, the budget de­pa rtm e n t had to h ire 500 m en to m ake a survey.

I w onder i f the K la n w i l l have th is problem ? The S atu rday Eve­n ing Post reported re v iv a l o f the K la n in W est V irg in ia , Ind iana , M innesota, Iow a , P ennsylvania, W isconsin and C a lifo rn ia .

The Post goes on to h a p p ily re ­p o rt th a t the re are few e r than ten thousand dues-paying m em ­bers o f the K la n in the South. W ha t cou ld the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty do w ith ten thousand m em ­bers?

J.H .

SLP Paper Backs a StrikeN ew Y o rk , N .Y .

The Feb. 6 issue o f the W eekly People, the paper o f the Socia lis t L a b o r P a rty , in a front-page story, denounces the C ondon-W adlin A c t as the despotic, an ti-labo r la w th a t i t is. The paper po in ts ou t th a t its use against the s tr ik in g W el­

fa re w o rke rs in N ew Y o rk C ity should be opposed by a l l o f the w o rk in g people.

O f course, The M il ita n t , a n u m ­b e r o f la rge trade un ions, and o ther sources have denounced th is s lave-labor la w too, and fo r m any o f the same reasons. B u t, th is stand is unusua l com ing fro m the S LP w h ic h has long had a hands- o f f a tt itu d e tow ards s trikes con­ducted by the A m erican la bo r m ovem ent. I ts reason has a lw ays been th a t the un ions today are re fo rm is t, no n -revo lu tiona ry , even “ com pany” un ions. T h is a ttitu d e has taken them outside the m a in arena o f w o rk in g class action fo r decades.

I f the S LP and the ed ito rs o f the W eekly People th in k th rough th e ir conclusions on the W elfa re s tr ik e and the Condon-W adlin A ct, th e y ’l l come a lo t closer to re a lity : tha t, a lthough th e y ’re no t enough in them selves and th e ir top lead­ersh ip is ro tte n to the core, the trade un ions defend the in terests o f w o rk in g people and m ust be supported against any a ttack by the em ployers.

R .L.

Dum-Dum Bullets?N o rth Bend, Ore.

The M echan ix I llu s tra te d ca r­r ie d an a rtic le about a new w eap­on ca lled the S P IW (Specia l P u r­pose In d iv id u a l W eapon) w h ich should rece ive some a tten tion in The M ilita n t.

The SP IW shoots sm a ll darts ca lled flechettes. The a rtic le says the “ fleche tte f lie s tru e u n t i l i t s tr ikes som eth ing so ft lik e flesh.

I t ’s Done N ice ly B y H im Too —W ax in g enthusiastic in a Feb. 3 address to the U n ite d States Cham ber o f Commerce, V ice P res i­dent H u b e rt H u m ph re y declared: “ You people are m ore generous tha n any governm ent. You are m ore compassionate tha n any w e l­fa re w o rke r. T h is is the m ost com ­passionate, m ost k in d ly , m ost eco­n o m ica lly ju s t society on the face o f the ea rth .”

N ew B an k in g T rend? — Con­gressional probers have heard charges th a t c r im in a l elem ents are ga in ing con tro l o f banks. W e had tho ugh t they had succeeded in do­in g so a long tim e ago.

P res ide n tia l B ug — Some W ash­in g ton newsm en assigned to the W h ite House are convinced th a t P resident Johnson has h is press secre ta ry ’s o ff ic e w ire d fo r sound. T hey note th a t Johnson seems to have in s ta n t know ledge o f de­ta ile d exchanges between Press S ecre tary George Reedy and re ­porters. One day recen tly , fo r exam ple, Reedy was asked i f the pres ident, su ffe r in g fro m a cold, w o u ld p u t in an appearance at his o ffice . H e said no and suddenly a l ig h t b lin k e d on h is telephone. He m um b led in to the phone and then to ld newsm en the president w o u ld be a t h is o ffice . Reedy says the bugg ing charges are “ s il ly . ” One newsm an opined, “ I t cou ld be m enta l te lepa thy .”

D ep’t o f C la r if ic a tio n — Last w eek w e ca rried a re p o rt fro m the o ffic e o f N ew Y o rk S tate A t ­to rney G enera l Lou is L e fk o w itz th a t frauds against consumers reached a record h igh in N ew Y o rk las t year, w ith m ore than 100,000 com pla in ts processed b y state au thorities . M r. L e fk o w itz has

Then i t tum b les end-over-end, p ro ­duc ing le th a l gash wounds. T rac ­ers p e rm it the gunner to see w here he’s f ir in g and to correct h is a im up to 1,000 yards.”

I w o u ld say these flechettes w o u ld come unde r the heading o f dum -dum bu lle ts , and i t is sig­n if ic a n t the y are in tended fo r use in g u e rr il la w ars w here ou r brass do n o t consider the Geneva Con­ven tion .

M .S.

Hears Malcolm X on TVChicago, 111.

La s t n ig h t I saw M a lco lm X on a loca l T V p ro g ra m called K u p ’s show. I t is a sym posium - type program , and the top ic fo r the evening was D r. A lb e r t S chw e itze r’s l i fe and c o n trib u ­tions. Schw e itze r’s daughter, a professor, an actor and M a lco lm X pa rtic ip a ted in the discussion.

I t was ev iden t th a t the w h ite lib e ra l com m entator, K u p , had in ­v ite d M a lco lm X to the show in hopes th a t M a lco lm w o u ld ex­pound a vehem ent all-whites-are- d e v ils line . B u t M a lco lm com ple te­ly o u tfla n ke d K u p ’s a ttem pts to stereotype h im as a sectarian, and, I th in k , d ispe lled m isconceptions th a t m any w h ites have o f h im .

He commended the sc ie n tific and hum ane a c tiv itie s o f w h ite p h ila n th ro p h is ts l ik e Schw eitzer, and commended th e ir m otives, b u t also po in ted ou t th e ir shortcom ­ings, and th e ir pa te rn a lis tic and condescending a ttitudes. He also po in ted ou t the neo-co lon ia list fu n c tio n o f such pene tra tion in to A fr ic a .

g iven fu r th e r though t to the ques­t io n and fo llo w e d up w ith a sec­ond news release w h ic h says th is doesn’t necessarily mean th a t bus­iness fraud s are on the increase, b u t m ere ly th a t the consumers are becom ing m ore a le rt. M r. L e fk o ­w itz should g ive some tho ugh t to the im p lica tio n s o f th is. I f con­sum ers con tinue to develop such alertness, the y m ay reach the po in t o f becom ing socialists.

B ra in -W a sh in g S ta tis tics — A no u t f i t w h ic h ca lls its e lf the In ­s titu te fo r A m erican S tra tegy says i t made a survey w h ic h showed th a t 49 o f the 50 states now have program s w h ich e ith e r re ­q u ire o r encourage h igh-schoo l courses on the “ menace” o f com ­m unism . The ho ld ou t is W yom ing.

In H o t W a te r — A Los Angeles C a tho lic p ries t w ho has p u b lic ly c ritic ize d h is superio rs ’ fa ilu re to pro test social in ju s tic e has suffe red a second rep rim an d . Las t June, Rev. W ill ia m H . D uB ay ca lled on the Pope to rem ove his superio r, C a rd in a l M c In ty re , fo r fa ilu re to take a stand against J im Crow. S h o rtly a fte rw a rd he was trans ­fe rre d fro m a p re do m ina n tly Ne­gro pa rish to a p re do m ina n tly

The clear-cut c o n tra d ic tio n o f ou r governm ent’s a ttitu d e is il lu s ­tra ted , M a lco lm said, by o u r gov­e rn m en t’s sending o f Peace Corps in to the A fr ic a n na tions advoca ting b ro therhood and understand ing , w h ile at the same t im e m a in ta in ­in g a r ig id d is c r im in a to ry and op­pressive ru le ove r Negroes here in A m erica . The A fr ic a n na tions are beg inn ing to unders tand th is con­tra d ic tio n , and to take th e ir des­t in y in to th e ir ow n hands.

M a lco lm X was able to u til iz e th is o p p o rtu n ity to express h is v iew s on w h ites as a llies, re lig io n , and his d iffe rences w ith E li ja h M uham m ad and the B la ck M us­lim s. K up , the com m entator, t r ie d to box M a lco lm in and to e l ic it w h a t he th o u g h t w o u ld fee con­d itio n e d responses fro m a “ b la ck n a tio n a lis t,” b u t M a lco lm was never taken in b y h is m aneuvers o r an tagon is tic questions, b u t spe lled b u t in c lear te rm s b is un ­com prom is ing pos ition on rac is t A m erica , and h is un con d itio n a l suppo rt fo r h is people’s s trugg le fo r hum an d ig n ity here and in A fr ic a .

M y o n ly c r it ic is m o f how he hand led h im se lf w o u ld be th a t I don ’t be lieve it to be ta c tic a lly co rrec t fo r h im to e labora te h is d iffe rences w ith E li ja h M uham ­m ad before th is mass T V audience. The B la ck M uslim s, M a lco lm X are bo th unde r a ttack b y th is rac­is t governm ent, and I th in k he should f ir s t present a u n ite d de­fense.

A l l in a ll, M a lco lm d id an ex­cep tion a lly good job , and I th in k m any people learned a g reat deal.

Jack M arsh

w h ite one. N ow he has been trans ­fe rre d again a fte r w r i t in g a le t­te r to a C a tho lic p u b lica tio n say­in g : “ I n issues o f w e lfa re p lann ing , c ity p lann ing , p u b lic educa tion and socia l re fo rm , the vo ice o f the [ Los A ngeles] chu rch is ra re ly heard except w hen p ro p e rty rights are in vo lve d .”

T ender-H earted Judges — A f te ran 18-month study, the C o m m un ity Service Society o f N ew Y o rk found ou t w h a t m ost o f the c ity ’s tenants a lready kne w — th a t judges are too le n ie n t w ith la nd lo rd s w h o v io la te the c ity ’s housing code. The com m u n ity w e lfa re organ iza­tion suggested th a t fines le v ied were gene ra lly too low . I t no ted th a t a lthough ja i l sentences are possible, they are ra re ly g iven. Fines, w h ic h averaged $30.82 in M anha ttan H ous ing C o u rt in 1963, the society said, “ are fa r less than the cost o f com pliance and usu a lly fa r less than the am oun t o f ren t collected d u r in g the con tinu a tio n o f the v io la tio n .”

. • . >s- • •• *O ur A ff lu e n t Society — F ifte e n

m il lio n A m erican c h ild re n — one fo u rth o f a l l those in the na tio n — l iv e in poverty , accord ing to a re ­cent governm ent estim ate.

Thought fo r the Week“ M rs. [ L y n d o n ] Johnson to ld how im pressed she had been on a

v is it to E astport, Me., w here G ir l Scouts had p lan te d m arigo lds to b righ te n the bleak atm osphere o f closed store fro n ts in th e ir tow n, w h ic h was beset by unem p loym ent. ‘W hat a d iffe re nce a G ir l Scout troop can m ake,’ she said.” — F rom a Feb. 6 A P d ispatch.

SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFERTo reach the widest audience with our

coverage of the Freedom Now Movement we are offering a 4-month introductory subscription to The Militant for $1. ($1.50 outside of the U.S.)

Name

Street Zone

C ity State

Send to The M ilita n t, 116 U niversity Piece, New Y ork 3, N . Y .

It Was Reported in the P ress

Welfare Strike SainsN ew Y o rk , N Y .

Some 7,000 c ity w e lfa re w o rk ­ers can go back to w o rk w ith the taste o f v ic to ry in th e ir m ouths. A b lo w has been s tru ck in be­h a lf o f the r ig h t o f c ity employes

aillllUIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIinillllltHIIIIIIHIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIItlllllllllllllljf

10 Years Ago In The M ilita n t . IfiiiiiHiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiimimiiiiiiiiMiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmimiiimi

“ D epa rtm en t o f Justice and F B I o ffic ia l's are l iv id w ith em barrass­m ent. M em bers o f Congressional w itc h -h u n t bodies . . . are scream ­in g in fru s tra t io n and fe igned in ­d igna tion . One o f th e ir ch ie f p ro ­fessional ex -C om m un is t s too lp ig - eons has p u t the f in g e r on — T H E M . . . .

“ H a rvey M atusow , w hom the Justice D e pa rtm en t used as an ‘e x p e rt’ on ‘C om m unism ’ and ‘C om m unists ’ on s ix occasions, in ­c lu d in g tw o fed e ra l t r ia ls lead ing to convic tions, has m ade a de­ta ile d confession th a t he lie d on the stand as p a rt o f a de libe ra te p lo t to ra ilro a d innocen t persons to prison fo r alleged ‘consp iracy’ to ‘advocate’ the ‘o v e rth ro w o f the governm ent by fo rce and v io lence.’

“ He has d ire c tly im p lica te d Sen­a to r Joseph M cC a rth y and h is fo r ­m er aide Roy Cohn as fab rica to rs o f false tes tim ony w h ic h M atusow used on various occasions. He has also ind ica ted th a t o ther Justice D epartm ent, F B I and Congres­siona l figu res were n o t unaw are o f the u n re lia b il i ty o f the w i t ­ness. , . .

“ Rep. F ranc is E. W a lte r (D - P a .), head o f the House U n -A m e r­ican A c tiv it ie s C om m ittee before w h ich M atusow made h is sensa­t io n a l debu t in 1952, now tr ies to b rush o f f M a tuso w ’s confession by dec la ring h im a C om m unis t p la n t­ed in Congressional hearings in o rd e r to ‘d isc re d it them .’ He was a p re tty e ffe c tive ‘p la n t’ a l l r ig h t — he p u t the fin g e r on 180 p e r­sons, helped to send 12 C om m unist P a rty leaders to prison , gave e v i­dence th a t secured an in d ic tm e n t against P ro f. O wen L a ttim o re , supplied M cC a rth y w ith ‘s ta tis tics ’ fo r h is charge o f ‘21 years of treason,’ and p inned the ‘red ’ label on everyone and e v e ry th in g from M ethod is t B ishop G. B rom ley Ox- nam to the B oy Scouts o f A m e r­ica.” — Feb. 14, 1955.

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I 20 Years Ago |WIIIIHHIIIttnilllllllimHtHIIMtllllMIMIIItilUIMItllllllllllllllltlllllMII?

“ The v ind ic tiveness o f the m i l i ­ta ry au tho ritie s to w a rd w o rke rs w ith soc ia lis t ideas is shown in the case o f P riv a te H e n ry P. W eb­er o f Vancouver, Wash., w ho was sentenced to death by hang ing by a general co u rt m a rt ia l a t Camp Roberts, C a lif. A lth o u g h ostensib­ly conv ic ted fo r re fus ing to d r i l l , th is savage pun ishm en t was in ­f lic te d upon W eber because o f his socia lis t and p a c if is t views.

“ B efo re he was d ra fte d in to the a rm y, th is 27 -yea r-o ld so ld ie r was a sh ipya rd forem an in V ancouver, and a logg ing camp w o rk e r in P o rtla nd , Ore. He is a m em ber o f the Socia lis t La bo r P a rty . . . .

“ A lth o u g h in d ig n a n t ou tcries against th is v e rd ic t have forced the C om m anding O ff ic e r a t Camp Roberts to revoke the death pen­a lty , the sentence now imposed of l i fe im p rison m en t a t ha rd labor, is m onstrous ly harsh.” — Feb. 17, 1945.

[This column is an open forum for a ll viewpoints on subjects of general interest to our readers. Please keep your letters brief. W here necessary they w ill be abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be used, names being w ithheld unless authorization is given fo r use.]

Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, February 15, 1965

3,400 Jailed, But No Halt To Selma Rights Drive

By B arry SheppardT he vo te r-re g is tra tio n d rive

k icked o f f by John Lew is, c h a ir­m an o f the S tudent N o nv io le n t C o ord ina ting C om m ittee, Jan. 17 in Selma, A la ., continues to press fo rw a rd despite the s ta llin g tactics o f reg is tra tio n o ffic ia ls and the courts, and the b ru ta li ty o f S h e r if f C la rk . M eanw h ile , Rev. M a rt in L u th e r K in g , released fro m ja i l in Selma, has gone to M on tgom ery to begin a reg is tra tio n d r iv e there.

O n Feb. 8, Negroes in Selma again dem anded to be reg istered a t jthe D a llas C oun ty courthouse, and w hen o ffic ia ls o ffe red to take th e ir names instead o f reg is te ring them , the Negroes protested. As S outhern C h ris tia n Leadership Conference representa tive , Rev. James Beve l, le f t the courthouse, S h e r if f C la rk beat h im w ith a b i l ly c lub . A depu ty s ingled out SNCC s ta ff m em ber Ivanhoe D on­aldson ^from the lin e o f Negroes w a it in g to reg is te r and used his c lu b on h im .

M any ArrestedB y the end o f the day, C la rk had

arrested 50 m ore persons, b r in g in g the to ta l a rrests to 3,400 since Jan. 17. The s trugg le has spread to the nearby to w n o f M a rion w here h u n ­dreds o f arrests have been made. M a rio n dem onstra to rs re p o rt th a t 300 men w ere jam m ed in to one ce ll and had to stand up a ll n igh t. There was no th in g in the ce ll b u t w e t concrete floors, no heat and one to ile t. M any wom en dem ­onstra tors caugh t colds fro m be­in g forced to sleep on cold con­crete floo rs in th e ir cells.

O n Feb. 4 M a lco lm X appeared in Selma. He he ld a press con fe r­ence and spoke to a m eeting o f the dem onstra tors, w ho are m ostly school ch ild re n , in the chu rch used as a ra l ly in g center. The New Y o rk H e ra ld -T rib u n e r e p o r t e d th is m ee ting as fo llow s :

“ H is speech was long and elo­quen t and i t c le a rly d is tu rbe d the people ru n n in g the reg is tra tio n d rive . M a lco lm X d id no t e x p lic it ­ly cha llenge D r. K in g ’s n o n -v io l­ence do c trine b u t he d id say, ‘The w h ite people should tha nk God that D r. K in g is te ll in g these peo­ple to be lo v in g and no n -v io le n t, that he is ho ld in g these people in check.’

“ The young c row d cheered re ­peated ly, and fo r hours a fte rw a rd other speakers tr ie d to s im m er o f f the steam th a t M a lco lm had gen­erated.”

L aw IneffectiveThe so-ca lled C iv i l R ights A c t

o f 1964 was in tended to get the Negroes o f f the streets and in to the courts. B u t the v o tin g -r ig h ts section o f th a t la w is o f so l i t t le use in a c tu a lly enab ling Negroes to reg is ter, th a t they are again dem onstra ting in the streets to secure th e ir r ig h ts as citizens.

N ew ark Cops Harass Student-Organized Movement

Rent-Strike Leader Faces Jail

John Lewis

Rev. M . L . K ing

N ow Johnson has come up w ith a new scheme to de flec t the s tru g ­gle w h ile a t the same tim e con­t in u in g h is pose as a “ fr ie n d o f the Negro.” He now proposes — new le g is la tio n to guarantee the r ig h t to vote! T h is w ou ld be good fo r another tw o -y e a r de lay a t least. I f i t ’s to be a con s titu tion a l am endm ent, as some in the ad­m in is tra tio n suggest, then i t w o u ld take a t least fo u r years, and w ith no c e rta in ty tha t the states w o u ld ra t ify it .

T he de lay ing tac tic o f the John­son a d m in is tra tio n was p in -p o in t­ed in another instance by I.F . Stone’s W eekly o f Feb. 8, Stone caught the a d m in is tra tio n re d - handed in d e fe rr in g a Suprem e C o u rt ru l in g against the con s titu ­t io n a lity o f M iss iss ipp i’s v o tin g law , under w h ich on ly f iv e per cent o f e lig ib le Negroes have been able to reg is ter. The a d m in is tra ­t io n asked the h igh co u rt no t to ru le on the la w b u t instead, to send i t back dow n to a three-judge fed e ra l cou rt (w ith tw o fro m M is­s iss ipp i). T h is w i l l de lay the test b y about tw o years.

Constitutional RightA c tu a lly , no con s titu tion a l

am endm ent is needed. The F if ­teenth A m endm ent guarantees the r ig h t to vote to a ll Am ericans. To secure th is r ig h t eve ryw here in the cou n try is the sw orn d u ty of the fede ra l governm ent, and i t is w ith in its pow er to do so. W h ile i t can m an u fac tu re excuses to v io la te the te r r ito ry o f N o rth V ie tn am w ith a irc ra ft and bombs, i t can’t f in d s u ffic ie n t ju s tif ic a ­t ion to enforce the U.S. C o ns titu ­tio n w ith in the borders o f A la ­bama.

Selma and M arion are in the “ b lack be lt,” w here over 50 per cent o f the popu la tion is Negro. In D a llas C ounty, o f w h ic h Selm a is the seat, 57 per cent o f the popu la ­tion is Negro, b u t on ly 0.9 pe r cent are reg istered to vote.

A labam a “ b la c k -b e lt” counties are among the poorest in the coun­try . In 1960, 85 per cent o f the Negro fa m ilie s there made less than $3,000, com pared to 21 per cent under $3,000 fo r a l l fam ilies in the U.S.

SNCC began to w o rk in Selma fo r vo te r reg is tra tio n in F ebrua ry , 1963. F rom th a t tim e r ig h t up to the present, vo te r-re g is tra tio n w o rke rs have faced harassm ent and v io le n t attacks. M an y arrests and beatings, in c lu d in g a ll o f the recent ones, have been witnessed by federa l agents fro m th e ir o ffice across the stree t fro m the D a llas C oun ty courthouse w here Negroes are t ry in g to reg ister. A lth o u g h fede ra l la w makes i t a crim e to in te rfe re w ith the r ig h t to vote, no federa l agents have stopped the arrests and beating go ing on be­fo re th e ir eyes.

N E W A R K , New Jersey — A re n t-s tr ik e leader ac tive in the N e w ark C om m un ity U n ion P ro jec t (N C U P ) was convicted Feb. 3 on tru m p e d -u p charges o f assaulting he r la nd lo rd . The con v ic tio n was the la test in a long series o f harassments o f the p ro je c t since i t was begun last sum m er as pa rt o f the S tudents fo r a D em ocratic Society (SDS) Econom ic Research and A c tio n Projects.

The NC UP is a grass-roots u n ­io n o f tenants and hom e ow ners in the C lin to n H i l l neighborhood here w h ich has developed in to an active autonom ous com m u n ity o r ­gan iza tion w h ich is now o n ly as­sisted by SDS s ta ff members. The group has cam paigned fo r the e lim in a tio n o f s lum cond itions and has opposed any “ im p rovem e n t” scheme th a t forces up ren ts and makes people m ove out.

T he harassm ent began last J u ly w hen lea fle ts w ere handed ou t in the neighborhood charg ing th a t N C UP was t ry in g to destroy local harm ony. In A ugust, N e w a rk ’s R a lph Z inn , ac ting d ire c to r o f the c ity ’s H um an Relations Board, to ­ge ther w ith the South W ard C oun­c ilm an, Lee Bernste in , charged in an o ff ic ia l re p o rt th a t the group was “ irrespons ib le ” and p lanned to in c ite a r io t.

O n Oct. 14, SDS s ta ff m em ber T om Hayden was arrested on charges o f assaulting a land lo rd , o n ly m inutes a fte r he had been refused the r ig h t to press the same charge against the land lo rd . H a y ­den’s case has been be fore the grand ju r y fo r an unusual leng th o f tim e. There is s t i l l no w o rd on w h e the r an in d ic tm e n t is fo r th ­com ing.

Forced to MoveIn O ctober the organ iza tion was

asked to m ove fro m its headquar­ters b y la n d lo rd G ordon Hyde, w ho said “ pressures” had been placed on h im . As soon as the group rented new quarte rs at 247 Peshine Ave., th e ir new la nd lo rd reported pressures w ere be ing placed on h im in the fo rm o f ex tra c ity inspectors and re p a ir b ills . In m id -D ecem ber, a p a t r o l m a n (badge #295) to ld Hayden and an­o ther w o rke r, J u n io r T a tum , th a t the y w o u ld be arrested fo r d is ­o rd e r ly conduct i f they passed ou t le a fle ts at N e w a rk ’s South Side H ig h School.

T he arrest o f the re n t-s tr ik e

S D S p h o to

R O U G H T R E A T M E N T . Mrs. Ida Brown, N e w a r k ren t-s trike leader, being dragged to patrol car by cop after she was arrest­ed on charges of “assaulting” landlord who forced her fam ily out of apartm ent.

leader, M rs. Ida B row n, a Negro m othe r o f fiv e , occurred Jan. 6. M rs. B ro w n had gone on a re n t- s tr ik e in A ugust because o f rats, roaches, p lu m b in g th a t belched garbage, and h igh ren ts in her b u ild in g . In a cou rt hearing th a t same m on th she w on the r ig h t to pay the ren t to the cou rt pend­in g repairs. A t th a t tim e M ayo r H ugh J. A ddon iz io was persona lly in fo rm e d th rou gh an o f f ic ia l o f 100 b u ild in g code v io la tio n s in the b u ild in g in w h ich M rs. B row n lived .

T he m ayo r prom ised th a t the c ity w o u ld prosecute the s lum lords and w o u ld m ake the m ach inery o f the c ity governm ent ava ilab le to the tenants fo r th e ir a id and p ro ­tection. B u t so fa r, no he lp has been g iven despite constant pleas.

On Dec. 30, M rs. B ro w n ’s la n d ­lo rd , Ray Shustak, forced her and

her ch ild re n (the baby had a 103- degree feve r a t the t im e ) ou t o f the apa rtm en t and padlocked the door w ith he r possessions inside. M rs. B ro w n found tem po ra ry housing in an ap a rtm en t upstairs.

O n Jan. 7, Shustak appeared w ith tw o detectives and she was placed under arrest. In the p ro ­cess, one o f the detectives pushed he r to the flo o r, and they argued about w here the babies should go u n t il M rs. B ro w n arranged to leave them w ith a fr ie n d . W ith one detective beh ind and one in f ro n t o f her, M rs. B ro w n was pushed to the s ta irw ay . The de­tec tive behind pushed her and she fe ll on the o th e r cop, Detec­t iv e D ine rs te in , and the tw o o f them fe ll dow n the sta irs. The m en dragged M rs. B ro w n the rest o f the w ay to the po lice car and took he r to ja i l w here she was he ld in $1,000 ba il. People in the com m u n ity raised the ba il bond fee and she was released. She faced charges o f assault on the la nd lo rd , assault on D e tective D i­nerste in , and res is ting arrest.

Harassment ContinuedOn Feb. 3, M rs. B ro w n was

convicted on the charge o f assault on the la nd lo rd . Sentencing was set fo r M arch 3. The charge o f assault on the de tective has gone to the grand ju r y fo r a possible in d ic tm e n t w h ic h cou ld lead to a th re e -to -f iv e yea r prison sentence. The res is ting a rres t charge was dropped. W hen the date fo r sen­tenc ing was announced, the judge declared th a t the sentence w ou ld be s t if fe r i f M rs. B ro w n “ o r her so-ca lled fr ien ds” d id a n y th in g to b r in g pressure on the court.

M eanw h ile , the harassm ent of NCUP has con tinued in o the r ways. In the last tw o weeks pe r­sons described as “ respectable” have approached the la n d lo rd o f the house w here several SDS s ta ff m em bers liv e and have to ld h im he is p u ttin g up “ C om m unists” and asked h im to m ake the SDS people move. Several o f the SDS s ta ff m em bers invo lve d are v e te r­ans o f S outhern c iv i l- r ig h ts s tru g ­gles led by SNCC. On Jan. 23, coun te rfe its o f the re g u la r NCUP new sle tte rs were m a iled to the 500 names on the N C U P lis t. These bogus new sle tte rs contained p rovoca tive and m alic ious m a te r­ia l.

Galamison Presses Fight

New York School Boycott SpreadsBy Tom Leonard

N E W Y O R K , Feb. 9 — Despite co n tin u in g legal harassm ent o f its leaders, a boycott against in ­fe r io r and segregated education in th is c ity spread to 17 schools last w eek w hen 6,000 o f 20,000 en­ro lled pup ils e ith e r fa ile d to a t­tend o r w en t to ne ighborhood Freedom Schools set up by o rgan­iza tions suppo rting the boycott.

The o rig in a l a im o f the C ity - w ide C om m ittee fo r In teg ra ted Schools, w h ich in it ia te d the boy­cott, was lim ite d to concen tra ting on 15 o f the w o rs t schools' in the c ity . These are among the “ 600” schools (so-ca lled fro m New Y o rk ’s schoo l-num bering system ) fo r supposedly prob lem students and “ troub lem akers .”

B oyco tt leaders are b it te r in th e ir condem nation o f these “ 600” schools fo r th e ir poor textbooks, inadequate fac ilit ie s , lack o f c u r­r ic u lu m , u n tra in ed teachers and im p rope r screening o f pup ils . M ore than 90 per cent o f the students in the o r ig in a l 15 boycotted schools are Negro o r P uerto Rican.

T he sharp rise in the e ffe c tive ­ness o f the boycott fo llo w e d the conv ic tion o f its leader, Rev. M i l ­ton G alam ison, ’ on the flim s y

charge o f consp iring to v io la te the com pulsory education law .

G alam ison was g iven a suspend­ed sentence o f a $250 f in e o r ten days in the w orkhouse, o r both. A f te r h is conv ic tion , he again ap­peared on a p ic k e tlin e and Judge Charles E. Ramsgate ordered his a rrest fo r v io la t in g the cond itions o f the suspended sentence. F irs t, however, Ramsgate had to reduce the sentence since i t exceeded the legal m ax im um fo r the offense. T h is in its e lf is a tes tim ony to the overzealous c o u rt’s harassm ent o f the boycott.

Victory Won

M eanw hile , boycott leaders won a p a rtia l v ic to ry w hen the State Suprem e C o u rt was forced to de­la y a hearing on an in ju n c tio n against the boycott pend ing an ap­peal to the federa l courts. The appeal is based on charges o f v io ­la tions o f the C iv il R ights Act.

James B. Donovan, president of the Board o f Education, was re ­p o rte d ly so fru s tra te d by the de­c ision th a t he “ storm ed ou t o f the courtroom , veins bu lg in g on his neck and forehead.”

D onovan w ou ld do fa r be tte r to channel h is anger in to a construc­

t iv e assault on the scandalous con­d ition s in N ew Y o rk ’s schools, pa r­t ic u la r ly the “ 600” schools.

Malcolm X Will Present Program at Harlem Rally

N EW Y O R K — M a lco lm X an­nounced th a t at a ra l ly M onday, Feb. 15, he w i l l u n v e il a p rogram “ designed to ga lvan ize the b lack masses o f H a rlem to become the ins trum en ts o f th e ir ow n lib e ra ­t io n .”

The f ie ry b lack n a tio n a lis t lead­e r stated th a t his group, the O r­ganization o f A fro -A m e ric a n U n i­ty , w i l l o ffe r new and un ique so lu­tions fo r “ a rre s ting the economic, social and p o lit ic a l gangrene tha t is d a ily adm in is te red to the b lack com m u n ity by ren t-g ou g in g la n d ­lords, th ie v in g m erchants, and do w n to w n p o litic ia n s .” W a rn in g th a t fru s tra tio n s in the ghetto cou ld lead to an exp losion, he as­serted th a t o n ly a p rogram such as th a t to be disclosed by the O A A U “ can serve as an a lte rn a tive to v io lence and bloodshed.”

The ra l ly w i l l be he ld a t A u ­dubon B a llroo m , 166th St. and B roadw ay, 8 p.m . Feb. 15.