journal klub....pci vs omt
DESCRIPTION
for morning journal clubTRANSCRIPT
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Seema et al.Circulation: cardiovascular intervention
(Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:1-15.)© 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.
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BACKGROUND
• ROLE OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION– ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MI– UNSTABLE ANGINA– NSTEMI
• FOR STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE– OPTIMAL TREATMENT STRATEGY?• PCI(PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION)• OMT(OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY)
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CLINICAL TRAILS PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY
Clinical outcomes utilizing Revascularization and aggressive drug
evaluation (COURAGE)No significant difference in outcomes
Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization
Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D)No significant difference in outcomes
Schömig et al ( 2008)Swiss Interventional Study on Silent
Ischemia Type II (SWISS-II) and
COURAGE trials
Improvement in all-cause mortality in the revascularized group
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OBJECTIVE
whether revascularization with PCI reduces cardiovascular outcomes
when compared with OMT in patients with stable CAD.
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METHODS
• PUBMED, EMBASE And CENTRAL Searchs
• Using medical subject heading or keywords– Diagnosis of stable CAD– Intervention of PCI– Comparision with medical therapy
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Eligible trails
• Cohort enrolled- Stable Coronary Artery Disease patients
• Comparision of PCI to optimal medical therapy• Reporting outcomes– All-cause mortality– Cardiovascular death– Nonfatal MI– Revascularization– Freedom from angina
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Selection and quality assesment
Compilation of searches
Duplicates removed
Study screened by title and abstract (by two independent reviewer)
Qualified study(full text review by(by two independent reviewer)
DATA ABSTRACTION AND ASSESMENT FOR SOURCES OF SYSTEMATIC BIAS
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Data extraction
• Two independent reviewer extracted data• Data abstracted measured– study characteristics– patient characteristics– details regarding the intervention– comparison group– outcome measures
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Statistical Analysis
• RevMan software provided by Cochrane Collaboration
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Sensitivity Analyses
• POTENTIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRY FUNDING • EVOLUTION OF PCI– potential differential effect of stenting as opposed
to balloon angioplasty alone.
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RESULTS
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STUDY SELECTION
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• 12 randomized clinical trials • participants enrolled from all over the world• 7182 patients • followed-up - 4.9 years (range 1.5–10.2 years).
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Characteristics of Included Trials STUDY YEARS OF ENROLMENT, COUNTRY
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Exclusion Criteria
Description of Intervention
Description of Medical Therapy
Primary Outcome
Secondary Outcomes
Follow Up, y
ACME-11987–1990 USA
70%–99% stenosis in proximal two thirds of 1 major coronary artery, stress test with ≥1 mm ST depression in at least 1 lead or filling defect on thallium scan, or MI in past 3 mo
Not reported PTCA 325 mg Aspirin, nitrates, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers
6 mo exercise stress testing: length of time to onset of 1 mm ST depression, maximal ST segment depression, maximal work product
Change in degree of stenosis in index lesion, physical well being questionnaire, employment status
3
ACME-2 1987–1990 USA
History of angina, MI within 3 mo, or ≥3 mm horizontal ST depression on exercise testing; ≥70% stenosis in proximal two thirds of 1 or 2 coronary arteries (data for 1 vessel CAD previously presented as ACME-1)
Unstable angina refractory to medical therapy, prior PCI, primary cardiac diagnosis other than CAD, ≥50% left main stenosis, 3 vessel CAD, LVEF≤30%
PTCA Aspirin plus individualized therapy of Nitrates, β-blockers, and Calcium channel blockers
Primary/secondary outcomes not individually described Angina frequency, 6 mo exercise tolerance testing and angiography:
change in exercise duration, time to onset of angina, maximal rate-pressure product, percent diameter stenosis of index lesions
5
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Baseline Characteristics
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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICIPANTS
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RESULTS
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ALL CAUSE MORTALITYPCI OMT RISK RATIO
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All Cause Mortality
• Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the PCI and OMT groups; the point estimate at the longest follow-up duration notably did favor the PCI group SWISS-2 and ALKK individually showed the most favorable effects of PCI over OMT; of note, these 2 trials included those with prior recent MIs.
PCI VS OMT RESULT
longest follow-up duration risk ratio [RR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.71–1.01
the ≤1 year RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.87–2.08
1 to 5 years RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.56–1.69
≥5 years RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65–1.02
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CARDIVASCULAR DEATH
• The point estimate in the longest follow-up duration analysis favored the PCI group and this difference was most apparent in those trials with ≥5 years follow-up although these were not statistically significant.
PCI VS OMT CARDIVASCULAR DEATH
longest follow-up duration RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47–1.06
PCI group (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47–1.06)
RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46–1.08
<5 YEARS RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.69–3.38
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NONFATAL MIPCI vs OMT result
overall analysis (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.70–1.24)
≤1 year RR, 0.82; (95% CI, 0.37–1.80)
1 to 5 years RR 1.11(95% CI, 0.47–2.59),
≥5 year RR O.92(95% CI, 0.67–1.27)
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Revascularization
PCI VS OMT RESULT
overall analysis (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76–1.14)
≤1 year RR, 1.49; 95% CI
1–5 years RR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.74–1.30;
≥5 yeartime points
RR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.75–1.30
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Freedom From Angina PCI VS OMT RESULT
OVERALL (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.37
≤1 year RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13–1.54
1–5 years 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32
≥5 year 1.06–2.32; RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00–1.38)
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Study limitations
• Analysis of symptoms driven revascularization• Freedom from angina• Dosage of medication administered• Evolution of therapy• Variation in target level
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Discussion
Most updated
analysis to dateNo
significant difference in
outcome
BUT
All-cause mortality
and cardiac death in trial with longer follow up-
PCI
Greater freedom
from angina- PCI
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ISCHEMIA-STUDY
• International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches