journal of materials & metallurgical engineering (vol4, issue2)
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ISSN : 2321-4236(JoMME)
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
Journal of Materials &Metallurgical Engineering
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Prof Priyavrat TharejaHead, MME Dept., PEC
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Tanmoy MaitiAsst. Prof., Dept. of Materials
Science & Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India.
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CSIR Complex Taramani Chennai, India.
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Prof. Sampath-VedamanickamDept. of MME, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India.
Dr. Satyabrata DasScientist 'G' & Head, Metallic Composite
Group Materials Engineering Division CSIR-Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, India.
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Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831008.
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of Petroleum & Energy Studies,Energy Acres, Dehradun, India.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering(JoMME). The intension of JoMME is to create an
atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Material & Metallurgical
Engineering.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoMME provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Material and Metallurgical Engineering found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiatives.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Material and Metallurgical Engineering.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Review findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Correlating the Damage Behaviour of Polymer Composites with the Potential Energy of the Impactor K. Mohamed Kaleemulla, K.G. Satish 1
2. Effect of Tool Tilt on Formation of Tunnel in Friction Stir Welded 5083 Joints: An Experimental Study S.K. Tiwari, D.K. Shukla, Rakesh Chandra 10
3. A Study of Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum by Conventional Casing and Deformation ProcessHafiz Abdul Ahad Qazi 16
4. Evaluation of Mechanical Property and Optimization of the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Carbon Black-Alumina-Epoxy-Glass Composite by using Design of ExperimentsAmith V., Sudrashan Rao, Sushilendra Mutalikdesai 21
5. Micro Crack Formation in High Frequency-Electric Resistance WeldingRaghu Shant, Gokul Thummuluru, Anil Mahajan, Rajesh K. Goyal, T. S. Kathayat 32
ContentsJournal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2231-3818 (online), ISSN: 2321-4236 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Correlating the Damage Behaviour of Polymer
Composites with the Potential Energy of the Impactor
K. Mohamed Kaleemulla*, K.G. Satish Department of Mechanical Engineering, University B.D.T. College of Engineering,
Davangere 577004, India
Abstract Design of structures using composites requires comprehensive evaluation and characterization of mechanical properties in both undamaged and damaged state.
Composite laminates undergo combinations of mechanical loading resulting into
microdamage accumulation in the plies. The first mode of damage is usually intralaminar cracking with the crack plane transverse to the middle plane of the laminate, spanning the
whole width of the laminate. The density of cracks in a ply depends on layer orientation
with respect to the load direction, laminate lay-up, ply thickness, material fracture toughness and certainly, potential energy of the impactor. This article addresses the
issues related to damage under impact loading. An investigation of damage initiation and experimentation on a woven glass/satin epoxy composite material was performed for
different potential energies of the impactor. Plain weave glass/textile satin epoxy
laminate with (0/90)s orientation was investigated. Experimental data for laminate are summarized to establish a relationship between potential energy of the impactor and
severity of damage.
Keywords: Woven composites, damage, potential energy, laminates, glass fabric
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2231-3818 (online), ISSN: 2321-4236 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Effect of Tool Tilt on Formation of Tunnel in Friction Stir
Welded 5083 Joints: An Experimental Study
S.K. Tiwari*, D.K. Shukla, Rakesh Chandra Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) being a solid-state joining process is immune to the various
defects faced in traditional fusion welding process. However, defects such as voids, joint
line remnants and tunnel defects are common imperfections in FSW. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of tool tilt on the formation of tunnel
defect, while keeping all other process parameters constant. Tool tilt is a significant
parameter as it influences the flow patterns of the stir zone, frictional forces and the heat generated. The study has shown that the tool tilt can alter the flow of plasticized material
in the stir zone and for that reason can control the quality of weld.
Keywords: Friction stir welding, tunnel defects, tool tilt
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2231-3818 (online), ISSN: 2321-4236 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
A Study of Improvement of Mechanical Properties
of Aluminum by Conventional Casing
and Deformation Process
Hafiz Abdul Ahad Qazi* Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Abstract Nowadays, Aluminum-Zinc alloy system are the major and rapid development in the field
of automotive and aerospace industries for growing demand of efficient vehicles and aircrafts to reduce energy consumption and air pollution. Aluminum is a very soft metal
by nature. Different alloying elements were added in the past to increase its strength and toughness. Zinc is considered as a major alloying element in aluminum to increase its
strength and toughness. Present experimental work was conducted to determine the
appropriate amount of zinc to be added in pure aluminum to increase its mechanical properties. A wide range of experimental work was conducted on pure aluminum to
determine the appropriate amount of zinc to be added to develop Al-Zn alloy using
conventional foundry method. Pure aluminum was mixed with different percentages of zinc with constant percentage of magnesium and copper. The molten alloys were cast in
metal mold. Wrought alloys have high strength as compared to cast alloy so after casting, the alloy was subjected to mechanical rolling. Standard samples were prepared for
tensile tests and a number of samples were age hardened. Various characterization
techniques were used to investigate the chemical composition, tensile strength, ductility (elongation), and hardness. It has been observed that the alloy containing 5% Zn and 2%
Mg, gives highest strength, and have good ductility in heat-treated condition.
Keywords: Aluminum-Zinc alloy, foundry method, mechanical rolling
JoMME (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2231-3818 (online), ISSN: 2321-4236 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Evaluation of Mechanical Property and Optimization of
the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Carbon Black-Alumina-
Epoxy-Glass Composite by using Design of Experiments
Amith V.1*, Sudrashan Rao
1, Sushilendra Mutalikdesai
2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda College of Engineering and Technology,
Puttur, Karnataka, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. M. V. Shetty Institute of Technology, Moodabidri,
Karnataka, India
Abstract The research work is mainly focused on investigating the effects of wear parameters:
filler content (0%, 4% CB, 4% Al2O3, and 2% CB + 2% Al2O3), applied load (4.905, 9.810, 14.710, and 19.62 N), sliding distance (20, 30, 40, and 50 mm) by using Design of
Experiments (DOEs) approach. The experimental results were analyzed using MINITAB
V16 scientific graphical and data analysis software. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio, analysis of variance (ANOVA) proved that the most influencing factor is filler and load and the
minimum value of wear rate is obtained in 4% Al2O3 and moderate wear rate is shown by 2% CB + 2% Al2O3, specimen and it as a very good tensile strength of 20,759.785 N, and
has a very minimum absorption of 0.784%. So finally (2% CB + 2% Al2O3) specimen is a
very good wear resistance, tensile, and also absorption property. The overall improvement in the material property is achieved due to the very good dispersion and
also establishment of interfacial bond between carbonblack and aluminium oxide
nanopowder in epoxy resin filler. So it is a very economic and next generation material
with highly improved properties which has a lot of applications.
Keywords: Carbon black CB, aluminium oxide Al2O3, wear, ANOVA, S/N ratio,
GFRP
JoMME (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2231-3818 (online), ISSN: 2321-4236 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Micro Crack Formation in High Frequency-Electric
Resistance Welding
Raghu Shant*, Gokul Thummuluru, Anil Mahajan, Rajesh K. Goyal, T. S. Kathayat Welspun City, Survey No. 665, Village Varsamedi, Taluka Anjar, Dist. Kutch, Gujarat, India
Abstract The present paper discusses about the formation of micro cracks in base metal adjacent
to the weld area during High Frequency-Electric Resistance Welding (HF-ERW) of 10''
outside diameter pipe. The micro crack formation has been analyzed with respect to chemical composition, microstructure, inclusion level, welding parameters and angle of
weld flow lines.
Keywords: Electric resistance welding, pearlitic banding, sulphide inclusions, HAZ