journal of religion and health volume 8 issue 4 1969 [doi 10.1007%2fbf01532741] joseph h. douglass...

7/27/2019 Journal of Religion and Health Volume 8 issue 4 1969 [doi 10.1007%2Fbf01532741] Joseph H. Douglass -- Today's

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T o d a y ' s Y o u t h a n d M o r a l V a lu e s 297

Tod ay's Y ou th and M oral V alues

J O S E P H H . D O U G L A S SI m u s t e x p r e s s m y d e e p a p p r e c i a t i o n t o t h e A c a d e m y a n d i t s P r e s i d e n t ,t h e R e v e r e n d G e o r g e C . A n d e r s o n , f o r b e i n g a m o n g t h e f i r st to s t e p f o r w a r dt o a ss is t i n o u r n a t io n a l e f f o r t i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t h e 1 9 70 W h i t e H o u s eC o n f e r e n c e o n C h i l d r e n a n d Y o u t h . T h a t I h a v e b e e n c a l l e d u p o n t o s h a r ea f e w t h o u g h t s w i t h th is a ss e m b la g e o f A c a d e m y m e m b e r s a n d g u e s t s isg r a t i f y i n g i n d e e d .

C o n f e r e n c es o n C h i l d re n a n d Y o u t h c o n v e n e d b y t h e W h i t e H o u s e h a v eb e e n h e l d i n e v e r y d e c a d e in th is c e n t u r y . S u r e l y t h e p r o p o s e d 1 9 7 0 C o n -f e r e n c e , l i k e e a c h o f t h o s e t h a t h a v e p r e c e d e d i t , h a s a m a g n i f i c e n t o p p o r -t u n i t y t o b r i n g t o g e t h e r o u r n a t i o n ' s r e s o u r c e s i n a c o n j o i n t e f f o r t t o u p -g r a d e t h e q u a l i t y o f l if e, e x p a n d o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r p e r s o n a l fu l f i l lm e n t , a n dh e l p m a k e p o s s i b le in th e d e c a d e s a h e a d t h e u n f e t t e r e d c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f a lly o u t h t o o u r n a t i o n a n d t h e w o r l d . F e w t as k s, I b e l i ev e , a re m o r e i m p o r -t a n t o r m o r e d e m a n d i n g o f o u r su s t a in e d e f f o r t th a n t hi s. W e c a n n o t s h i rkt h i s v i t a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . N e i t h e r c a n w e f a i l o u r t r u s t . A s a n a t i o n , a l w a y sw e h a v e b e e n a b le to ris e tO m e e t a n d s u r m o u n t t h e c h a l le n g e s , a n d I b e -l ie v e t h a t w e s h a ll d o s o n o w . W h a t is a t st a k e is n o t h i n g le ss t h a n t h e

JosEPH H . DOUGLASS, H.D., Ch ief of the In tera ge ncy Lia i son Bra nch of the Na t ionalI ns t it u t e o f M en t a l Hea l t h , i s S ta ff D i r ec t o r o f t he 1970 W hi t e Ho us e Co nf e r enceo n C h i l d r e n a n d Y o u t h . H e i s a l s o a m e m b e r o f t h e B u d g e t C o m m i t t e e o f t h e W a s h -i ng t on , D .C . , He a l t h and W el f a r e Counc i l .Th i s add r es s was de l i ve r ed a t t he Ten t h Annua l M ee t i ng o f t he Academy o f Re l i -g i on and M en t a l Hea l t h , W i l li am P enn H o t e l , P i t t s bu r gh , Pa ., Apr i l 22 , 1969.


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298 Journal o f Rel ig ion and Heal th

k i n d o f w o r l d w e s h a ll h e l p d e v e lo p a n d b e q u e a t h t o o u r c h i l d r e n ; h o wt h e y w i l l l i v e - - i . e , , t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e a n d t h e w a y s i n w h i c h t h e y w i l l l e a dt h e i r l i v e s a n d d e a l w i t h t h e i r f e l l o w - m e n t h r o u g h o u t t h e i r l i f e t i m e s , a n dc o n s e q u e n t l y h o w t h e y w i l l in f l u e n c e th e l iv e s o f t h e i r c h i l d r e n .

W e s h a ll , n e v e r t h e le s s , c o n t i n u e t o b e h a r d p r e s s e d i n t h e e f f o r t t o h e l pd e v e l o p a d e q u a t e a p p r o a c h e s a n d s o l u t i o n s t o v o u c h s a f e a s e c u r e f u t u r e .F r o m l a r g e l y m o r a l co n s i d er a ti o n s, in t h e w o r d s o f M r . G l e n n T . S e a b o r g ,o u r t a s k i s t o h e l p c r e a t e n o t o n l y m a n ' s v i s i o n o f t h e f u t u r e b u t , m o r e i m -p o r t a n t , a v i s i o n o f a f u t u r e f o r m a n . T h e v i s i o n o f t h a t f u t u r e i s o n e f o ro u r c h i l d r e n a n d y o u t h o f t o d a y : w h a t m o r a l v a l u e s - - - t h e i r s a n d o u r s - - i nt e r m s o f t h e i d e a l s o f h u m a n c o n d u c t o u g h t t o b e p r e s e r v e d a n d w h a t w es h o u l d s t r i v e t o r e a c h .

S o m e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f c u r r e n t u p h e a v a l sW h i l e i t m a y b e s o m e w h a t t r i te t o u n d e r sc o r e t h a t " c h a n g e is t h e n a m eo f o u r a g e ," o r , as K e n i s t o n n o t e s , t h a t " w h i r l i s k i n g , " o r t h a t w e a r ei n t h e m i d s t o f n u m e r o u s " r e v o l u t i o n s " a n d " e x p l o s i o n s , " I b e l i e v e t h a ti t is q u i t e n e c e s s a ry a n d f i t t i n g th a t a n e x a m i n a t i o n b e m a d e o f t h e i m -p l i c a t i o n s o f t r e m e n d o u s c u r r e n t u p h e a v a l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h e c o n t e x t o ft o d a y ' s y o u t h a n d m o r a l v al u es .

U p p e r m o s t i n o u r c o n c e r n s a r e t h e f a c t s t h a t , a s d i r e c t c o r o l l a r i e s o f t h en u m e r o u s a n d r a p i d c h a n g e s t a l d n g p l a c e , m a n y y o u t h t o d a y a r e p u t t i n ga c c e p t e d v e r i t i e s a n d m o r a l v a l u e s t o t h e s u p r e m e t e s t o f v a l i d i t y . F o ry o u t h , s o m e v a l u e s a r e b e i n g d i s c a r d e d , o t h e r s a r e b e i n g r e d i s c o v e r e d , a n dn e w o n e s a r e e m e r g i n g . A s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e s e p r o c e s s e s , o f p r i n c i p a l i n -t e r e s t i s t h e f a c t t h a t i t i s l a r g e l y o u r y o u t h w h o a r e e v i d e n c i n g a n x i e t i e sa n d u n c e r t a in t i e s. A n d i t is t h e y i n l a rg e m e a s u re w h o a r e u n d e r g o i n g t h ec a th a r si s a c c o m p a n y i n g t h e se p r o c e s s es . P e r h a p s t o o o f t e n t h e y a r e re f l e c ti n gt h e a s s o c ia t e d p a t h o s a n d p a i n t h e s e p r o c e ss e s e n t a i l.

T h e l a rg e - sc a le u n e a si n es s o f t o d a y ' s y o u t h is a w o r l d w i d e p h e n o m e n o n .I n c o m m o n , m a n y n a t i o n s a r e e x p e r i e n c i n g t h e s o - c a l l e d " y o u t h q u a k e , "


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w h i c h v a r i o u s l y i s s h a k i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n s o f t h e e s t a b l i s h e d s o c i a l , p o -l it ic a l , a n d m o r a l o r d e r . B a s i c al ly , y o u t h a r e p l a c i n g t h e p h i l o s o p h i c a l a n dt h e o l o g i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n s o f s o c i e t a l i n s t i t u t i o n s o n t r i a l i n t e r m s o f t h e c r i -t e ri a o f t h e i r r e le v a n c e a n d p e r s o n a l a d e q u a c y f o r t o d a y ' s b u r g e o n i n g n e e d sa n d t h o s e a n t i c i p a t e d f o r t h e f u t u r e . I t i s a c o n c e r n t h a t g o e s t o t h e m o r a lt a p r o o t s o f o u r i n s t it u t io n s , o u r s o c i e t y , a n d o u r w a y o f l if e .

N u m e r o u s o b s e r v e r s o f t h e p h e n o m e n o n c o r r o b o r a t e t h a t s o m e y o u t ha r e r e j e c t i n g a n d a r e i n r e v o l t a g a i n s t t h e i r p a r e n t s ' v a l u e s . A s i g n i f i c a n tn u m b e r a p p a r e n t l y ar e i n w h a t h a s b e e n t e r m e d " f li g h t f r o m t h e i r o w nl i v & ' ; o t h e r s a r e m a n i f e s t i n g v a r i o u s r e a c t i o n s t h a t r e f l e c t t h e i r d e e p a n x i -e ti es e s p e c i a ll y a b o u t w h a t t h e f u t u r e h o l d s . F r o m o l d e r r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s ,s e v e ra l o f t h e i r u n d e r l y i n g i n s e c u ri t ie s a n d a n x i et ie s a r e e x h i b i t e d i n b i z a r r eb e h a v i o r , o f t e n a n a p p a r e n t a b a n d o n m e n t o r f l o u t i n g o f e s t a b l i s h e d v a l u e s ,a n d , i n n u m e r o u s c i r c u m s t a n c e s , i n s e l f - d e s t r u c t i v e a c t i v i t i e s . T h e r e s t l e s s -n es s, d i s c o n t e n t , a n d a p p a r e n t p e r s o n a l u n h a p p i n e s s o f a l a rg e s e g m e n t o fo u r y o u n g a r e t o b e s e en i n s o -c a ll ed " y i p p i e d o m " a n d " h i p p i e d o m , " in -c r e a s i n g d r u g u s e a n d e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n , c a m p u s u p h e a v a l s , e m p h a s i s u p o ns e n s u a li ty , i n c r e a s in g su i ci d es , ri s in g d e l i n q u e n c y , a n d v a r i o u s f o r m s o fv i o l e n t p r o te s ts , a ll o f w h i c h b e s p ea k a d e g r e e o f a b a n d o n m e n t o f o l d e rva lues .

S o m e t i m e a g o a m a j o r m e t r o p o l i t a n n e w s p a p e r a s k e d w h e t h e r t h e " w o r -r i s o m e q u a l i t i e s " i n t h e s e y o u n g p e o p l e - - " s e x u a l l i b e r t a r i a n i s m , a n g r y p o l -i ti c is m , v e h e m e n t r e j e c t i o n o f a d u l t a u t h o r i t y a n d a w i d e s p r e a d d i s p o s i t io nt o e x p e r i m e n t w i t h d r u g s " - - a r e s i m p l y t h e s i x t i e s - s t y l e m a n i f e s t a t i o n o ft h e u s u a l te e n - a g e r e b e l l i o n a g a in s t t h e a d u l t w o r l d , o r w h e t h e r t h e seq u a l it ie s s i g n a l p e r m a n e n t c h a n g e i n v a l u e s a n d b e h a v i o r t h a t w i l l c a r r yo v e r i n t o t h e m a t u r e y e a r s o f th e n e w g e n e r a t io n .

S o m e , i f n o t m o s t , o f t h e a n s w e r s , o f c o u r s e , a r e e l u s i v e . M a n y y o u t ha r e r e a c h i n g m a t u r i t y a t e a r l i e r a g e s t h a n i n t h e p a s t . A t t h e s a m e t i m e ,t h e y a r e b e i n g i n f l u e n c e d b y t h e m o r e p e r m i s s i v e s o c i a l c l i m a t e a n d t h ei m p a c t o f p a r e n t a l p re s su r e t o w a r d p u s h i n g c h i l d r e n t o e a r li e r m a t u r i t y ,b o t h i n t h e i r b o d ie s a n d m i n d s . V a n c e P a c k a r d ' s n a t i o n w i d e s t u d y , a s an


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300 Journal o~ Rel ig io n and H ealth

i l l u s t r a t i o n , i n d i c a t e s t h a t r e c e n t y e a r s h a v e s e e n t h e c r u m b l i n g o f a n u m -b e r o f t r a d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s , e s p e c i a l l y o v e r t h e s e x u a l a w a k e n i n g a n d m a -t u r i n g o f y o u n g . H e o b s e r v e d t h a t p a r e n t a l c o n t r o l c l e a r l y h a s d e c l i n e d ,c h a p e r o n a g e o f d a u g h t e r s h a s d i s a p p e a r e d , a n d t h e r e h a s b e e n a m a r k e dd e c r e a s e i n t h e d e t e r r e n c e t h a t c o m m u n i t y d i s a p p r o v a l o n c e e x e r t e d o v e rt h e y o u n g . S i m i l a r l y , b e c a u s e o f t h e v a s t g r o w t h o f m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a sw i t h h i g h l y m o b i l e p o p u l a t io n s a n d t h e d e c l i n e o f r e li g io u s d o c t r in e , w h i c hs e e m i n g l y h a s b e c o m e a d i m i n i s h e d f o r c e i n t h e e v e r y d a y l i f e o f c i t i z e n s ,t h e r e i s l es s c o n t r o l i n o t h e r f o r m s o v e r y o u n g p e o p l e t h a n i n th e p a s t .

M a r g a r e t M e a d s u g g e s t s w r y l y t h a t t h i s g e n e r a t i o n i s t h e f i r s t b r o u g h tu p b y t h e m a s s m e d i a i n s t e a d o f b y p a r e n t s . O t h e r o b s e r v e r s , s u c h a s S i s s o n ,p o i n t t o th e b r e a k d o w n i n c o m m u n i c a t io n b e t w e e n y o u t h a n d a d u lt s. H en o te s t h a t " i n th i s t w e n t i e t h - c e n t u r y A m e r i c a . . . f o r m i ll io n s o f y o u n gp e o p l e , t h e d i a l o g u e h a s a l r e a d y b r o k e n d o w n i n w h a t t h e y r e g a r d a s a s o -c i e t y g o n e m a d . T h e t u r b u l e n c e i n d i c a t e s . . , t h a t a d u l t s o c i e t y ha s f a il e dt o c o m m u n i c a t e i t s i d e a l s t o t h e y o u n g . " E s p e c i a l l y f o r y o u t h i n g h e t t o s ,S i s s o n o b s e r v e s , " t h e d i a l o g u e h a s l o n g s i n c e c e a s e d . " H e c o n c l u d e s t h a t ," F o r m a n y m o r e o f t o d a y ' s y o u n g p e o p le w h o s ti ll f ee l a b o n d w i t h s o-c i e t y , t h e t r i n i t y o f p e a c e , j u s t i c e , a n d f r e e d o m s e e m n o m o r e t h a n t h ec a n t o f a d u l t a p o l o g i s ts . "

O n b a l a n c e t h e r e w o u l d a p p e a r t o b e l i t t l e d o u b t t h a t s e v e r a l a s p e c t so f t h e c u r r e n t s c e n e h a v e t o d o w i t h y o u t h ' s i n t e r n a l i z a t i o n o f w h a t m a yb e r e g a r d e d a s a r a t h e r g e n e r a l i z e d m a l a i s e , u n c e r t a i n t y , a n d f e e l i n g s o fi m p r e c i s i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e f u t u r e t h a t m a y a f f l i c t o u r e n t i r e s o c i e t y . A s ap a r t i c u l a r c o n c o m i t a n t o f t h e v a s t ly s w e e p i n g a n d r a p i d t e c h n o l o g i c a l a n ds o c ia l c h a n g e s , I b e l ie v e t h a t o u r s o c i e t y i s u n d e r g o i n g a n i m m e n s e i n -t r o s l ~ e c t i o n i n a n e f f o r t t o d e v e l o p a d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e h u m a n s i t u a t i o n f o ro u r t i m e . T h e r e i s l i t tl e q u e s t io n , f o r e x a m p l e , t h a t m a n y a s p e c t s o f e s-p e c i a l l y t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l r e v o l u t i o n t e n d t o d e p re ss i n d i v i d u a l i t y o r " p e r -s o n h o o d . " T h e s e l f - d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l i n t h e c o n t e x t s o f t h e i n -t e r p r e t a t i o n o f h i s i n t e r p e r s o n a l a n d s o c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d m o r a l p u r -p o s e a c c o r d i n g l y b e c o m e s i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f ic u l t to a s s e ss . S e v e r a l s e r io u s


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Today's Youth and Moral Values 301

s tude n t s o f t he p r e se n t mi l ie u thus a r e ra i sing que s tions suc h a s: W h a tc a n a n ind iv idua l m a n do w i th h i s l if e? YVha t oug h t he do? A nd , w ha t iso r sho u ld be h is r e spons ib il i ty t o h imse l f a nd o the rs? W ha t k ind o f soc i e tyd o w e w a n t a n d h o w c a n w e b e s t m e e t o u r p r e s e n t a n d f u t u r e n e e d s ? I nthis sense, as the Center Magazine r e c e n t l y c o n c l u d e d , t h e c h i e f p r o b l e m sin ou r soc i e ty ha ve onc e a ga in be c om e the o log ic a l. I t no te s t ha t, " F o r at i m e . . , i t se e m e d t h a t t h e o lo g i c a l p r o b l e m s w e r e n o l o n g e r re al . M e n g a l-lope d a he a d in the pu r su i t o f kn ow le d ge and t e c hn ic a l ma s te r y . B u t , sud -d e n l y , t h e t e c h n i c a l p o w e r o f t h e h u m a n r a c e h a s b e c o m e i m m e n s e . T h eleading problem for b io logica l sc ien t i s t s , gene t ic is t s , psychologis ts , engi -ne e rs , che mis ts , a nd o the r s is no t so mu c h ' c a n we do X ? ' f o r i t s e e ms ob -v ious tha t, g iv e n t ime a nd r e sou r ce s , we c a n do un d r e a m e d- o f th ings . Th ev e x i n g p r o b l e m h as in c r e a si n g l y b e c o m e : ' O f c o u rs e w e c a n d o X ; b u ts h o u l d w e ? ' "W ha t m a ke s Am e r ic a un ique in ou r t ime , a s B r z e z insk i obse r ve d , istha t i t is the f ir st soc ie ty to exp er ience the fu ture . I t i s be co m ing a " t ech -ne t r o n ic " s oc i e ty - - a soc i e ty tha t is sha pe d c u l tu r a l ly , p sy c ho log ic a l ly , so -c i al ly , a nd e c ono m ic a l ly by the impa c t o f t e c h no log y a nd e l e c tr on ic s , pa r -t i c u l a r ly c om pu te r s a nd c om mu nic a t ions . I t is a sse rt e d tha t t h i s mo ve m e n tbe yond the indus t r i a l pha se a l so i s s e pa r a t ing Ame r ic a f r om the r e s t o f t hew o r l d , p r o m p t i n g a f u r t h e r f r a g m e n t a t i o n a m o n g a n a l r e a d y d i f f e r e n t i a t e dm a n k i n d .

A c c o m p a n y i n g th is " t e c h n e t r o n i c " s o c ie t y a re m a n y c ri ti ca l p h y si ca l, b i o -logica l , po l i t ica l , and soc ia l concerns . For example , the use and misuse ofa ir , wa te r , and soB-- -a ll m uc h inv olv ed in l i f e proce ssess- -a re b e ing cha ng eda t suc h e ve r - inc r e a s ing r at e s t ha t i t is poss ib l e t ha t t he h um a n e xpe r ime n tc ou ld be b r ough t t o a n e nd in a s l i t t l e t ime a s one mor e c e n tu r y , i f t hecourse and ra te of some of these changes a re not a l te red . John Per ry s t re ssest h a t " p o l l u t io n o f o u r e n v i r o n m e n t is n o t r a n s i t o r y f l a w i n t e c h n o l o g y ,a n d i t c a n n o t b e d e a l t w i t h b y b u i l d i n g m o r e s e w a g e - t r e a t m e n t p l a n t s a n da t taching devices to au tom obi le exhaus ts . I t ca nn ot be leg is la ted aw ay."He sa ys tha t s c i e nc e c a n p r ov ide a nswe r s to t e c hn ic a l p r ob le ms , bu t no


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302 Journal of Religion and Health

m o r e ; a n d t h a t s o m e o f t h e a n sw e r s w i ll r eq u i r e im m e n s e c h a n g e s i n o u rt e c hno logy , i n t he o r ga n iz a t ion o f soc ie ty , a nd in ou r w a y o f l i fe . T h eq u e s ti o n is p o se d " w h e t h e r w e h a v e th e w i t a n d t h e w i l l t o a c t a c c o r d i n g -ly . " Th e m a gn i tud e o f c ha nge s tha t w i l l be ne e de d is so g r e a t a nd the c os tso enorm ous in th is sphere tha t i t ra ises a b iza r re ques t ion : Can w e a f fordsurvival?

W hi l e t he r e i s no que s t ion tha t some va lue s a r e de s t r oye d in t he p r o -c es s o f t e c hno log ic a l c ha nge , on the o the r ha nd the r e i s pe r ha ps no ju s ti -f i c at ion f o r t he c o n te n t ion tha t t e c hno log ic a l p r og r e s s mus t o f ne c e s s i t ymean a progress ive des t ruc t ion of va lues . E . Mesthene s t r e sses tha t " thef e a r t ha t t e c hn o lo gy is by na tu r e t h r e a t e n ing to va lue s has i ts sou r c e i n ac on f us ion o f wha t i s va lua b le w i th wha t i s s t a b l e . . , va lue s do c ha nge , a s ag l a n ce a t a n y h i s t o r y w i l l s h o w . T h e y d o n o t h a v e t o b e e t e rn a l a n d u n -c h a n g i n g i n o r d e r t o b e v al ue s . . . T h e e m p h as is w i l l h av e t o s h i f t . . , f r o mva lues, a s s tab le , kn ow n, a nd fam i lia r, to th e cond i t ions for and the m ech a-n isms of va lu ing ." I t i s a sse r ted tha t " i t i s no t ex is t ing va lues a s such tha ta r e va lua b le , bu t t he huma n a b i l i t y t o e x t r a c t va lue s f r om e xpe r i e nc e a ndto u se a nd c he r i sh t he m ." A nd tha t va lue , Dr . M e s the ne sta te s, " is no tt h r e a t e n e d b y t e c h n o l o g y ; it i s o n l y c h a l le n g e d b y i t t o r e m a i n a d e q u a t eto h um a n e xpe r i e nc e a s t ha t e xpe r i e nc e is m od i f i e d un de r t he impa c t o ft e c hno log ic a l c ha nge . "

T h e t e n o r o f t h e p r e s e n t " d i a l o g u e , " c o u p l e d w i t h o n t o l o g i c a l a n d t h e o -log ic a l i n t r o spe c t ion a nd c on te mpla t ion in p r oc e s s , doub t l e s s l e d Ha l loc kHof f ma n to pose the i n t e r e s t i ng que s t ion o f " I s t he r e l i f e a f t e r b i r t h? "H e n o t e s:Resisting change, perpetuating the status quo, conserving the values of the tra-ditions, providing continuity for the ethos of a society and its institutions, haveunti l recen tly been the m eans of helping to assure the survival o f the species .M ankind has l ived main ly on the dead sp ir it s o f m en and w omen .P ur su ing th i s v i e w in t he c on te x t o f t h e de g r e e o f c ons t ra in t s t ha t t r a d i -t i o n c a n p l a ce u p o n t h e y o u n g , H o f f m a n sa ys f u r t h e r t h a t :


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Today's Youtlo and Moral Values 303

Th e na ture of l ife is g row th and deve lopm ent and change ; the na ture of dea th i scalm and quiet and changelessness. It is in this sense that there is so often no l ifeafter birth. Birth is an excit ing event, and i t leads to opportunit ies for l ife. Butthey need not be real ized. The death that fol lows soon af ter bi r th i s , one mightsay , murder . I t is no t a f ina l mu rder , o f co ur sen i t i s a l iv ing sort o f d ea th f romwhich some recover . I t i s the death not of the spark of l i fe but of the potent ia lfor growth. I t i s the death that i s inf l ic ted by a l l those ins t i tut ions of our socie tytha t a im to keep ev ery th ing in line , the ha tches ba tt ened , and the po wers u n-developed.M os t c e r t a i n l y , c ons i de r a t i on o f m or a l va l ue s a nd t he hum a n s i t ua t i on

a l s o c a nno t be v i e w e d ou t s i de o f , o r a pa r t f r om , num e r ous p r e s e n t s oc i o -e c o n o m i c d e v e lo p m e n t s . T h e s e c i rc u m s t a n c e s, as w e d o u b t le s s k n o w s o w e l l,h a v e t o d o e s p e ci a ll y w i t h t h e r a p i d a n d i n c r e a si n g u r b a n i z a ti o n o f o u rna t i on a nd t he t r e m e ndous r a nge o f s he e r phys i c a l a nd s oc i a l s e r v i c e s ,f a c i l i t i e s , a nd m a npow e r r e qu i r e d i n t he ye a r s a he a d due t o popu l a t i ong r o w t h a n d t h e c o r r e l a t i v e e s c a l a t i o n i n h u m a n n e e d s . T h e s e i m p o r t a n tc ha nge s a r e s i gn i f i c a n t l y r e l a t e d t o t he p r e s e n t c oa l e s c e nc e o f t he i n t e r e s t so f t h e s o - c a l l e d " d i s a d v a n t a g e d " a n d " t h e p e o p l e l e f t b e h i n d , " b o t h w i t h i na nd a c r os s e t hn i c l i ne s . T he ub i qu i t ous de m a nds o f t he s e pe op l e f o r f u l la nd e qua l s e r v i c e s , f o r m i n i m um f l oo r s o f e c onom i c s uppo r t l e ve l s a nd l i v -i ng s t a nda r ds , a nd f o r f u l l pa r t i c i pa t i on i n pub l i c po l i c y f o r m u l a t i ons a sbasic r i gh t s ne c e s s a r il y m u s t be m e t .

I n o u r c o n c e r n w i t h h u m a n r i g h ts , th e r e a r e r e c e n t o b s e rv a t io n s t h a t,w h i l e w e h a v e b e e n m a k i n g a m e a s u r e o f p r o g r e s s t o w a r d t h e p r o t e c t i o no f h u m a n r i g h t s a s t h e y h a v e b e e n t r a d i t i o n a l l y u n d e r s t o o d , t h e r e a r e n o wn e w g a t h e r i n g s o f c l o u d s o n t h e h o r i z o n . T h e C e n t e r f o r t h e S t u d y o fD e m o c r a t i c I n s t i t u t i o n s o b s e r v e d r e c e n t l y t h a t t h e m o d e r n t e c h n o l o g i c a lt h re a t s t o h u m a n ri g h ts a t p r e s e n t a r e n o t d i r e c t e d o n l y a t t h e p o o r a n dp o w e r l e s s . " T h e n e w t h r e a t s r e a c h o u t t o a l l m e n w h o a r e c a u g h t u p i nt h e b e w i l d e r i n g d e v e l o p m e n t s t h a t, i r o n i c a l ly , t h r e a t e n t o d i m i n is h m a nw i t h t h e p r o d u c t s o f h is o w n i n v e n t i v en e s s ." A n u m b e r o f t h e p r e s e n t - d a yt h r e a t s h a v e t o d o w i t h t h e " u l t i m a t e w e a p o n t h a t h a n g s o v e r t h e r a c e l i k e


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304 Journal o[ Religion and Health

a swor d . " I t i s obse r ve d tha t " no one , t o be su r e , wa n t s t o u se t he b igB omb. I f we a r e l uc ky , no one e ve r w i l l . B u t i t i s f o r e ve r t he r e , l i ke ad r e a d f u l p r e se nc e ; we a r e ne ve r su r e t ha t t h r ough misc a l c u l a t i on , a mi s -r e a d ing o f a no the r ' s i n t e n t ions , o r e ve n the she e r l og i c o f t he po l i c y o fde t e r r e nc e , it w i l l no t som e da y be u se d . I n a ny c ase, no o ne c a n f u l lyenjoy l i f e , l ibe r ty , and the pursu i t o f happiness whi le i t r emains the f ina lf a c to r i n e ve r y po l i t i c al a nd m i l i ta r y c a l c u l a ti on . "

Ano the r t h r e a t r e l a t e s t o t he r i gh t s o f p r iva c y . Exa mple s g ive n a r e l i ede t e c to r de v ic e s a nd w i r e t a pp ing . Anx ie ty , i n a dd i t i on , i s e xp r e s se d r e ga r d -ing the sw i f t mu l t i p l i c a t ion o f c ompu te r s a nd the r e l a t e d so - c a l l e d " da t aba nks . " I t i s obse r ve d tha t t he se ba nks " tha t s to r e up pe r sona l i n f o r ma t iona b o u t a l l o f u s - - m o r e p e r h a p s t h a n e v e r w e w o u l d f r e e l y g i v e - - c a n s t r i pa wa y th e f e w r ags o f p r iva c y w e ha ve le f t . "

Severa l pa ram ete r s of these deve lopm ents a lso wer e s t r essed in a r ec entpane l d iscuss ion pa r t ic ipa ted in by severa l H arv ard professors . Ma in ly i tw a s n o t e d t h a t t h e i m p a c t o f n e w t e c h n o l o g y o n o u r f u t u r e l iv es w i l l ha v ele ss t o do w i th t he t e c hno log ic a l i nnova t ions the mse lve s t ha n w i th t he so -c i a l a t t i t ude s a nd po l i t i c a l c ond i t i ons t ha t r e c e ive the m. Among the que s -t ions r ai s ed we r e som e on soc iome d ic a l po l i c y : " W h o shal l r e c e ive tr a ns-p l a n t s a n d i m p l a n t s ? W h a t k i n d o f p e o p l e ? Y o u n g o r o l d ? A n d w h o s h a l ld e c i d e a b o u t w h o s h a ll r e ce i v e t h e m ? W h o s ha ll t h e d o n o r b e? H o w d o w ede c ide w he n a pe r son has d i e d? " I n e uge n ic s, t he qu e s t ion wa s a ske d " W ha ta b o u t t h e d i ff e re n c e b e t w e e n v o l u n t a r y p r o g r a m s o f g e n e t i c d e v e l o p m e n ta nd c oe r c ive one s? W ha t sha l l we do a bou t ge ne t i c a bno r ma l i t i e s wh ic hha ve soc i a l c os t s - - t he d i s e a se s p r oduc e d , t he me n ta l r e t a r da t ion - - wh ic hwi l l be a n inc r e a s ing f a c to r i n ou r soc i e ty? " O the r c onc e r ns r e l a t e d to t hep r o b l e m o f m a n i p u l a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l o f h u m a n b e h a v i o r a n d h u m a n p e r -son a l i t y - - the im p la n ta t ion o f e l e c t rode s i n t he b r a in , t he u se o f p syc ho -c he mic a ls , t he c ond i t i on ing o f be ha v io r . I t wa s no te d tha t " the a b i l it y t om a n ipu la t e be ha v io r bo th f o r go od a nd f o r e v i l . . , i s c l e a r ly a n a re a ne e d -ing r e - e xa mina t ion by a w ide r a nge o f sc ho lar s a nd tho ug h t f u l pe op le . "


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T o d a y ' s Y o u t h a n d M o r a l V a l u e s 305

Y o u t h ' s c e n tr a l c o n c e rn sH e r e i n , I b e l i e v e , l i e s a l a r g e p a r t o f t h e s o - c a l l e d c r o s s - g e n e r a t i o n a l g a pa n d t h e b a s e s f o r m u c h o f t h e s o - c a l l e d y o u t h p r o t e s t . B a s e d o n h u n d r e d so f in t e r v i e w s c o n d u c t e d o n a s c o re o f c am p u s e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y ,G r e g o r y H . W i e r z y n s k i an d S a ll y D o r s t o f F o r t u n e , i n J a n u a r y , s y n t h e -s i z e d a n d c o d i f i e d t h e v i e w s o f a c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f s t u d e n t c r i t i c s o f U . S .s o c i e t y . T h e y r e p o r t e d t h a t y o u t h a c c u s e t h e p r e s e n t s o c i e t y o f " a p e r v e r t e df r a m e o f m i n d - - a f l a m e o f m i n d t h a t t o l e r a t e s i n j u s t i c e , i n s e n s i t i v i t y , l a c ko f c a n d o r , a n d i n h u m a n i t y . " Y o u t h a ls o a c c us e s o c i e t y - - a n d t h e b u si ne ss ,g o v e r n m e n t a l , a n d a c a d e m i c p o w e r s t r u c t u r e t h a t g u i d e s i t - - " o f h a v i n g n oh i g h e r g o a l t h a n t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e s t a tu s q u o t h a t f a l l s s h o r t o f t h eA m e r i c a n p r o m i s e . " T h e a r t i c l e i n d i c a t e s t h a t y o u t h s e e t h e s o c i e t y a s o n ew h i c h " h a s p e r v e r t e d e v e n it s n o b l e s t t r a d i t io n s " i n t h a t t h e C o n s t i t u t i o ng u a r a n t e e s f r e e s p e e c h a n d a s s e m b l y , " y e t a l l b u t t h e m o s t d o c i l e d i s s e n ti s s y s t e m a t i c a l l y a n d s o m e t i m e s b r u t a l l y r e p r e s s e d . " I n a s o c i e t y t h a t i ss u p p o s e d t o b e d e m o c r a t i c a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , i t i s n o t e d t h a t t h e p o l i t ic a ls t r u c t u r e i s s i n g u l a r l y u n r e s p o n s i v e t o p o p u l a r w i l l a n d i t i s s t a t e d t h a t" o u r s o c i e t y m a k e s a p o i n t o f c h e r i s h i n g t h e i n d i v i d u a l , y e t i t h a s p l a c e dh i m a t t h e s e r v i c e a n d m e r c y o f i m m o v a b l e i n s t r u c t i o n s . "

T h e p r o f i t m o t i v e also is s e r io u s l y q u e s t io n e d b y y o u t h . " T o b e s u r e , "i t i s n o t e d , " t h e p r o f i t s y s t e m h a s l i f t e d i n d u s t r y t o n e w r e c o r d s o f p r o d u c -t i o n a n d s o c i e t y t o n e w l e v e l s o f a f f l u e n c e . " B u t i t i s a s k e d " I s t h a t s y s t e mc o m p a t i b l e w i t h h u m a n v a l u e s ? " T h e v i e w i s e x p r e s s e d t h a t " n o w t h a t w ep r o d u c e e n o u g h t o f e e d , c l o t h e a n d s h e l t e r e v e r y A m e r i c a n , s h o u l d w e n o tt u r n o u r e f f o r t s t o i m p r o v i n g t h e q u a l i t y o f o u r l i v e s ? " Y o u t h s a y t h a t t h ep r o f i t s y s t e m d o e s n o t p e r m i t u s t o d o s o. W e a r e c a u g h t o n t h e t r e a d m i l lo f e c o n o m i c g r o w t h . " I n s t e a d o f d e v e l o p i n g o u r h u m a n p o t e n t i a l i t i e s , w ec o n t i n u e t o e m p h a s i z e m a t e r i a l i s m . "

T h e a u t h o r s r e p o r t t h a t i n o t h e r r e s p e c t s y o u t h s a y " w e a r e t a u g h t n o tw h a t is r e le v a n t b u t w h a t o t h e rs c h o o se t h a t w e l e a rn . . . . W e s t u d y m u c h


10/15


va l ua b l e m a t e r i a l , bu t i n a m a nne r t ha t e nc ou r a ge s s oc i a l a nd i n t e l l e c t ua ls n o b b e r y . W e a r e l e a r n in g h o w t o b e c o n t e m p t u o u s o f m ass c u l t u r e a n d t od is so c ia te o u rs el v es f r o m a n y s y m p a t h y t o w a r d r e p re s se d p e o p le . W e a r et a ugh t by m e n w hos e m a i n i n t e r e s t i s i m pr e s s i ng t he e s t a b l i s hm e n t w i t ht he i r e r ud i t i on r a t he r t ha n t he i r s t ude n t s w i t h c om pa s s i on a nd f e r vo r . " I ti s o b s e r v e d f u r t h e r t h a t y o u t h s e e i n g o v e r n m e n t " t h e s a m e a p a t h y , t h es a m e h o a r d i n g o f p o w e r , t h e s am e r e m o t e n e ss f r o m t h e p e o p l e m o s t a f-fec ted b y the dec i sions , a s in b ig b us iness. "

A p p a r e n t l y t h e a n s w e r t o t h e d i le m m a s p o se d b y a t ti tu d e s o f t h e c ro s s-s e c t i o n o f y o u t h i s s e e n i n t h e r e p l y t h e y g i v e t o t h e q u e s t i o n t h e y p o s e do f w h a t d o w e w a n t ? Fortune s t a t e s they sa id :Mos t o f us th ink tha t the sys tem as i t no w exi s ts can be re forme d . . . As ag r oup w e do no t ha ve a g ra nd de s i g n . . , a nd w e a r e s o m u c h t he p r oduc t s o fthe sys tem tha t we do n o t ye t kno w the re l evant ques tions to a s k . . , wha t dowe w ant? W ha t w e wan t is a soc ie ty wh ere people don ' t have to f lip o u t - - a so-c ie ty that ass is ts people in expressing them selves--a socie ty in w hich a largechunk of the popula t ion does not have to f ight for survival whi le another chunkfights about what do wi th i t s money.

A c o n s i d e r a b l e p a r t o f t h e c o n f l i c t o n y o u t h m o r a l i t y t o d a y , t h e r e f o r e ,a ppe a r s t o be a r e f l e c t i on o f a ba s i c a nd de e p d i s i l l u s i onm e n t w i t h t hei d e a o f n a t u r a l p r o g r e s s a n d t h e s e e m i n g c o n c o m i t a n t o f n e a r c o m p l e t ef a i t h i n s c i e nc e . A s Bur t K or a l l no t e d , " Y ou t h da m ns t he pa s t , de f i e st he d i s e a s e d p r e s e n t , a nd de m a nds c ha nge . T he i r ou t r a ge a nd de f i a nc et a ke s va r i ous f o r m s - - f r om d i r e c t c on f r on t a t i on a nd p r o t e s t , s a t i r e , l ovei n t he f a c e o f ha te , t o d r ugs a nd ' d r op p i ng ou t . ' " O ne i m p l i c a t i on o f t h isd i s e nc ha n t m e n t w i t h p r og r e s s s e e m s t o be t ha t a c ons i de r a b l e p r opo r t i ono f y o u t h n o l o n g e r i s w i l l i n g t o g a m b l e t h e p r e s e n t f o r t h e f u t u r e . M a n ys a y t h a t t h e y c a n n o t w a i t a d e ca d e , f o r t h e r e m i g h t n o t b e a n o t h e r d e c a d e .I n a v e r y i m p o r t a n t w a y , t h e r e f o r e , I b e li ev e , i n a c c o r d w i t h S h e l d o n S .W o l i n , y o u t h a r e s h a r i n g w i t h u s " i n t h e g u i l t y k n o w l e d g e t h a t w e h a v ec h o s e n n o t t o a sk t h e r e le v a n t q u e s ti o ns f o r f e a r o f w h a t t h e a n s w e rs m i g h tc o s t . " S o m e o f t h e s e q u e s t i o n s a r e : " h o w t o r e - t h i n k o u r w a y o u t o f t h e


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Today's Y ou th and Moral Values 307

i m p a s s e s o f t e c h n o l o g i c a l c i v i l i z a t i o n ; h o w t o m o d i f y t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l e r o st h a t l e d u s t h e r e ; a n d h o w t o l i b e r a t e t h e s e a r c h f o r k n o w l e d g e a n d t r u s tf r o m t h e p r e s e n t s ti f li n g ju s t if i c at io n t h a t k n o w l e d g e i s p o w e r . "

T h e l at e S e n a to r R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y o n c e sa id :Ev e ry gene ra t ion has i ts c en t ra l conce rn , w he the r to end w ar , e ra se rac ia l in -jus t i ce , o r improve the cond i t ion o f the work ing man . Today ' s young peop leappea r to have chosen fo r the i r conce rn the d ign i ty o f the ind iv idua l human be -ing . T he y demand a l imi ta tion upo n excess ive pow er . T he y demand a po l i ti c a ls y s te m t h a t p re se rv es t h e se ns e o f c o m m u n i t y a m o n g m e n . T h e y d e m a n d a g o v -ernm ent tha t speaks d i re c t ly and ho nes t ly to i t s ci tizens .Some dimensions and priorit ies of youth's values and moralit iesI t m a y w e l l b e t h a t o u r y o u t h n o w a r e p o i n t i n g t h e w a y t o w a r d s t h e s o l u -t i o n o f m a n y p r o b l e m s t h a t a r e e v i d e n c e o f o u r o w n a d m i t t e d f a i l u r e s a n dc o n t i n u i n g a b s u r d i t i e s . B u r r K o r a l l ' s r e c e n t o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t " t h e c r y i sf o r a c t i o n a n d a n s w e r s t h a t w i l l a l l o w u s t o g e t o u t o f t h i s c e n t u r y a l i v e "i s v e r y i n s i g h t f u l in d e e d .

T o d a y ' s y o u t h d o u b t l e s s a r e p e r f o r m i n g a g r e a t s e r v i c e t o o u r n a t i o ni n f o r c i n g u s t o e x a m i n e t h e a d e q u a c y o f o u r m o r a l i t y . T h e y p e r s i s t i nc a l l in g to t h e f o r e f r o n t t h e c o n t i n u i n g g r e a t a n d d i vi si v e a s p ec ts o f o u rs o c ia l a n d i n s ti t u t io n a l an a c h r o n is m s . T h e y c o n t i n u e t o h i g h l i g h t th e g r e a td a n g e r s in h e r e n t i n t en d e n c i e s t o w a r d i n s e n s i ti v i ty t o o t h e r h u m a n b e i n g sa n d o f t e n a n a p p a r e n t c a l l o u s n e s s a n d i m p e r v i o u s n e s s t o t h e i r c r i e s f o rh e l p . T h e v a l u e s t h e y a r e a r t i c u l a t i n g a r e i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f p l a c e m e n t o ft h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t i e s u p o n s e l fh o o d a n d p e r s o n a l s e l f - f u l f i l l m e n t . T h e y r a i la t h y p o c r i s y . T h e y d e c r y d i s h o n e s t y . T h e y r e f u s e t o w o r s h i p f a l s e g o d s .T h e y r e a c h o u t t o o t h e r s a c r o s s c a s t e a n d c l a s s a n d a c r o s s r a c e a n d n a t i o n s .

T h e y s e ek u n d e r s t a n d i n g , m e a n i n g , a n d r e l e v a n c e f o r t h e i r l iv e s a n dt h e y w o u l d i n v o k e a n e w o r d e r o f t o l e r a n c e . T h e y s e e k t o r i d t h e w o r l do f h a t e a n d i n j u s t i c e . T h e y s e e k h o n e s t y . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e y r e j e c t i m p e r -s o n a l i t y ; t h e y p l e a d f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n ; a n d t h e y p r o t e s t a n y a n d a l l t e n -d e n c i e s t h a t l i m i t f r e e d o m .


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I n pu r s u i t o f t he s e goa l s , doub t l e s s s om e you t h a r e s u f f u s e d w i t h f e e l i ngso f f u t i l i t y . S om e e xe r c i s e t he op t i on o f " d r opp i ng ou t . " F o r o t he r s , t he r ea r e t he m a n i f e s t a t i ons o f de e p hu r t , de s pa i r , a nd b i t t e r r e s e n t m e n t . L a r genum be r s a ppa r e n t l y a r e ba s i c a l l y a f r a i d a nd i n s e c u r e , s e e k i ng s u r c e a s et h r o u g h v a r i o u s f o r m s o f e s c a p e . Y e t w e s h o u l d b e r e m i n d e d t h a t o v e r2000 ye a r s a go A r i s to t l e sa id , " Y ou t h a l w a ys do t h i ngs t o e xce ss . T h e y d r i nkt o o m u c h . T h e y l o v e t o o m u c h . "

I be l ie ve t ha t f o r m a n y o f t he se you t h s t he p r e s e n t s e a r ch , w h i c h i sl a r ge l y a m or a l one , i s no t s o m uc h f o r a pe r s ona l i de n t i t y a s i t i s f o r a ni d e n t i ty f o r o u r n at io n a n d t h e w o r l d f o r t h e m o r a l v a lu e s b y w h i c h w ec a n be s u s t a i ne d i n a f u t u r e w hos e ou t l i ne s c on t i nue t o be s o ve r y un -c l e a r. I n a g r e e m e n t w i t h M r . G l e nn T . S e a bo r g , I w ou l d s t re s s , a s he doe s ,t h a twe must not a l low ourselves to embrace . . , despai r , to bel ieve that we are caughtup in some st ream of tech nolog ical ly-guided inevi tabil i ty . W e can help chooseour future . There i s s t i l l choice . There are a l ternat ives . And the more fa i th wehave in ou r ab i l ity to de te rmine our fu ture the ha rde r we wi l l st rive to m ake i t abr igh t one .

Y ou t h ' s v i s i on o f a one ne s s w i t h t he un i ve r s e a nd f o r a f u t u r e f o r m a n ,t he r e f o r e , I be l i e ve , i s m uc h m or e l o f t y t ha n i t ha s e ve r be e n i n t he pa s t .I t c e r t a i n l y e s pous e s a v i s i on t ha t s o f a r w e ha ve be e n una b l e t o a c h i e ve .I t ha s be e n no t e d t ha t w i t h i n t e n ye a r s the r e w i l l be a c o l l e ge a nd a un i -ve r s i t y bu i l t i n t h i s c oun t r y e ve r y t e n da ys . By 1985 , t he r e w i l l be m or et ha n 3000 c o l l e ge s a nd un i ve r s i ti e s i n t he U n i t e d S t at es . N e x t ye a r , a p -p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w i l l b e u n d e rt w e f i t y - e i g h t y e a r s o f a g e . T h e y w i l l n u m b e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 00 m i l li o n ,a n d w i l l c o n s t i t u t e o n e o f t h e y o u n g e s t n a t i o n s i n t h e f r e e w o r l d . O u ry o u t h , t h e r e f o r e , a l r e a d y a r e h a v i n g a m a j o r i m p a c t u p o n m a n y f a c e t s o fou r na t i ona l a nd i n t e r na t i ona l l i f e . I n t he e a r l y f u t u r e t he i r de c i s i ons w i l la f f e c t a nd d i r e c t t he po l i t i c s , e c onom y , a nd t he qua l i t y o f l i f e o f t h i s na -t i on a nd i ts r el a ti ons w i t h o t he r c oun t r i e s .


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T o d a y ' s Y o u t h a n d M o r a l V a l u es 30 9

O ur yo u t h w i l l as sume the se re spons ib i li ti e s w i th t he h ighe s t l e ve l o fe duc a t iona l a t t a inme n t a nd phys i c a l a nd me n ta l he a l th l e ve l s e ve r a c h ie ve db y a n y g r o u p i n a ll m a n k i n d ' s p r e v io u s h i s to r y . A s a c o n s e q u e n c e , t h e y w i l lpos se ss t he g r e a t e st i n t e l le c tua l a nd t e e hno log ie a l a b i li t y a nd a bun da nc ee v e r a m a s s e d f o r c o p i n g w i t h t h e f u t u r e . T h e y w i l l h a v e t h e a c c u m u l a t e dw i s d o m o f t h e a g es a t t h e i r c o m m a n d . T h e v a lu e s t h e y e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e ya l r e a dy ov e r w he lm ing ly e spo use - - tho se o f j u st ic e , e qua li t y , pea c e , i n t e g r i t y ,pe r sona l f r e e dom , c ou r a ge , a nd fa i t h i n ma n ' s goodnes~ e qu ip the m f o ra supe r b l e a de r sh ip d i c t a t e d by the he a r t a s we l l a s by in t e l li ge nc e .

O ur j ob a s I s ee i t, t he r e f o r e , is t o he lp p o in t ou t t he k inds o f da nge r st h a t m a y p o s s i b l y a c c o m p a n y e x u b e r a n c e ; t o r e f r a i n f r o m o v e r r e a c t i n g t ova r ious a spe c t s o f you ths ' t r y ing ou t o f t he i r w ings ; t o c a l l a t t e n t ion toa nd s t r e s s t he va lue s t ha t ha ve he ld u s i n good s t e a d ; a nd , w i th you th , t ohe lp s e e k ou t t he a nswe r s t o p r ob le ms tha t a t t ime s a ppe a r t o de f y so lu t ion .W e c a n b e h o n e st w i t h o u r y o u t h a n d i m p a r t to t h e m t h e b e st th a t w ek n o w . W e c a n s ha re t h e ir v is io n f o r t h e f u t u r e b a s ed u p o n o u r o w n f a it ha n d d e d i c a ti o n t o t h e p r in c i p l e t h a t r i g h t, t r u t h , a n d f r e e d o m s o m e d a yw i l l p reva i l.B i b l i o g r a p h y

1. "A Faculty Pan el Considers: H ow Technology is Changing Am erican Society,"Harvard Alumni Bu l l e t in , M ay 25, 1968, 17-20.2. "Am erican You th: Its Ou tlook Is Chang ing the W orld ," A Special Issue, Fo r t u n e ,January, i969.3. Billington, James H., "T he H um anist Heartbeat H as Failed," Li f e , May 24, I968,32-35.4. Brzezinski, Zbigniew, "Th e Search for M eaning Am id Change," T h e N e w Y o r kT i mes , Januar y 6 , 1969, 141, 146.5. Cam pbell, James M., "O rganization M an Rev isited," L i f e ~ W o r k , D e t ro i t I n d us -trial Mission, Sum mer 1965,10, No. 5.6. Cogley, John, "Hum an Rights," T he Cen ter Magaz ine , 1968, 1, N o. 5 , 81.7. Da dda rio, Em ilio Q ., "M ana gin g the Environment," Congress ional Record,Septem ber 18, 1968, pp, H8956-H8958.8. Dou glass, Jo sep h H., "Confronting Social Change," Address, Northeast RegionalConference and Public Relations Clinic, Un ited Com munity Fu nds and Councilsof Am erica, M arch 11, 1969, W ashington, D .C.


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310 J o u r n a l o f R e l i g i o n a n d H e a l t h

9. Douglass, Joseph H. , "T he Child, the Fath er of the M an," The Family Coord ina-tor, Na tional Council on Fam ily Relat ions, Jan. , 1969, 3-8.10. Douglass, Joseph H. , "To m orro w's Wo rld for Toda y 's Youth," Address, Nat ion-al Co nf ere nc eo n Youth and Inst itut ions , NCC Y, A ugust 14, 1968, W ashington,D.C.11. Douglass, Joseph H. , "Youth, the New Majori ty," Address, Annual Conference,N ew Yo rk S ta te W elfare A ssocia tion, No vem ber 20, 1968.12. Eisen, Jonathan, a nd Steinberg, David, "T h e Stu den t Re vo lt Against Liberalism,"The Annals o f the American Academy o f Po l i t ica l and Socia l Science, M arch ,1969, 83-94.13. Ekstein, Rud olf, "Psychoanalysis Look s at the Origins o f Values in Children," E d -ucational Leadership, M ay , 1964, 523-526.14. Fe rry, W. H . , "T he Technophiliacs," The Center Magazine, 1968, 1, No . 5, 45-49.15. Fener, Lewis S., "Conflict of Generations," The Sa turday Review, January 18,1969, 53-55, 66-68.16. Fr iedenberg, Edgar Z . , "The Generat ion Gap," T h e A n n a l s o f t h e A m er ica nAcademy of Poli t ical and Social Science, March, 1969, 32-42.17. Ho ffman , Hal lock, ' ,I s Th ere Li fe Af te r Bi r th?" The Center Magazine, 1968, 1,No. 5, 82-8L18. "H ow Did Life Begin?" Th e Salk Insti tu te 1968 Prospectus, De cem ber 1968, p. 7.19. "H o w to Deal with Studen t Dissent ," N e w s w e e k , M ar ch 10, 1969, 66-71.2 0 . Howa rd , John Rober t , " The F lower ing o f t he Hipp ie M ovem ent ," T h e A n n a l sof the Am erican A cad em y of Polit ical and Social Science, M arch , 1969, 43-55.21. Keniston, Kenneth, Y o u n g R a d ica l s : N o tes o n C o m m i t t ed Y o u th . N e w Y o r k ,Ha rcou r t , Brace, and W orld, 1968.22. Ke nned y, Rob er t F ., "W ha t Can the You ng Believe?" The Ne~v Republ ic , M arch11, 196 7, 16.23. Ko rall, Bu rr, Saturday Review, N ov em be r 16, 1968.24. Lawhead, Victor B. , "Values Through Identif icat ion," Educational Leadership,M ay , 1964, 515-519.

25. McDonald, Donald, "The Church and Society," The Cen ter Magazine , 1968, 1,No. 5, 28-35.26. Mead , M argaret, Life Magazine, A ug us t 23, 1968.27. Mesthene, Emmanuel, "Social Values and the Polity," Harvard Alumni Bu l le t in ,M ay 25, 1968, 19-20.28. Mondale, Walter F. , Welcoming Speech, Universi ty of Minnesota, September1968. See Congressional R ecord, Se pte m be r 18, 1968, pp. S11009-$11011.29. Pa ckard, Van ce, The Sexual Wilderness: The Contemporary Upheaval in Male-Female Relationships. New York, David McKay.Co. , Inc . 1968.30. Pac kard , Vance, "Sex on the Campus," McCall's, Au gust, 1968, 58-59, 114-118, 122.31. Pe rry, John, Ou r Pol lu ted W orld : Can M an Survive? N ew York , F rank lin W at ts ,Inc., 1967.32. R aths, James, "A S trate gy for Developing V alues," Educational Leadership, M a y ,1964, 509-514 , 554.


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33. Raths, Louis E.; Merri ll , M art in; and Simon, Sidney B., "Help ing C hildren to Clar-ify Values," ]ournal of the National Education Association, October, 1967, 12-15.34. Rockefel ler , David, "Should Business W o rr y Ab ou t the G enerat ion Ga p," HarvardAlumni Bullet in, M ay 11, 1968, 26-29.35. Rossman, Michael , A Book Review of Youn g Radicals: No tes on Com mit tedYouth , by Ken neth Keniston, Saturday R ev /e~ , Au gu st 17, 1968, 51-52.36. Schw artz, Sheila, "Self Insight and the Stude nt ," Educational Leadership, October ,1967, 45, 47, 49 -50.37. Seaborg, Glenn T. , "Uneasy W orld Gains Pow er Ov er Dest iny," T h e N e w Y o r kTimes , Jan ua ry 6, 1969, 141, 146.38. Servan-Schreiber, J.-J. , "The American Challenge," Harper's Magazine, Ju ly ,1968, 31-42.39. Sisson, Daniel, "Th e Y outh Dialogue," A Cen ter Occasional Pap er en t i t led "T heCivilization of the D ialogue," De cem be r, 1968, 17-18.40. Stern, Michael, "Te en -A ge Revolt: Is i t De epe r T od ay ?" T h e N e w Y o r k T i m e s ,O cto be r 7, 1968, 41, 67.41. Van H om e, H ar r ie t , " The Sexua l Re volu t ion- In L iv ing Color," McCall'S, O c t o -be r, 1967, 46, 150.42. Wm rzynski ," G rego ry H. , and. Dors t , . Sally ,,, "O ur Most W ren chin g Problem IsFinding a Place for Ourselves m Society, Fortune, Jan ua ry, 1969, 114-116, 146.43. Wiles ' Kimball , "Values and our Dest iny," Educational Leadership, May, 1964,501-504, 554-555.44. W olin , Sheldon S. , "Student Power," Mademoiselle, Aug ust , 1968,277.

journal of religion and health volume 8 issue 4 1969 [doi 10.1007%2fbf01532741] joseph h. douglass...

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