journal of weather modification historic index

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS VOLS. 1 – 43

- THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION

VOLUME 1

Number 1 March 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

AFTER A QUARTER CENTURY.................................................................................................................................................. 1 Vincent J. Schaefer

WEATHER MODIFICATION IN THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION ......................................................................................... 5 Archie M. Kahan

WARM FOG MODIFICATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Paul B. MacCready, Jr.

THE DEPENDENCE OF PRECIPITATION RATES UPON THE TIME POSITION WITHIN STORMS .................................... 20 George. W. Reynolds

AN OPERATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM IN KENYA, AFRICA............................................................................ 30 Thomas J. Henderson

PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION .............................................................................................. 33 Merlin C. Williams

ELEMENTS OF A MODEL LAW .................................................................................................................................................. 41 Richard A. Schleusener, Robert D. Elliott, and Thais U. Johnson

A WEATHER MODIFICATION COMMISSION ............................................................................................................................ 44 Merlin C. Williams

WMA CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ....................................................................................................................................... 49

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 53 WMA OFFICERS, COMMITTEES AND CERTIFIED MEMBERS............................................................................................... 56

WMA BACKGROUND AND PAST OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................... 57

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ............................................................................................................................................. 58


VOLUME 2

Number 1 May 1970 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

A CALL FOR ACTION................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Vincent J. Schaefer

WHAT IS OVERSEEDING?.......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Robert D. Elliott

PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART I -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES ..... 25 Pierre St. Amand, Lohr A. Burkhardt, William C. Finnegan, John A. Donnan, and Paul T. Jorgensen

PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART II -- PYROTECHNIC COMPOUNDS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR FREEZING NUCLEANTS ............................................................................ 33 Pierre St. Amand, Lohr A. Burkhardt, William C. Finnegan, L. Wilson, S. D. Elliott, and Paul T. Jorgensen

PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART III -- PROPELLANT COMPOSITIONS FOR GENERATION OF SILVER IODIDE ...................................................................................................... 53

Ronald F. Vetter, W.G. Finnegan, L.A. Burkhart, Pierre St. Amand, H. Sampson and Martin H. Kaufman


PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART IV -- COMPOSITIONAL EFFECTS ON ICE NUCLEI ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................................................ 65

L. A. Burkhart, W. G. Finnegan, F. Kirk Odencrantz, and Pierre St. Amand PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART VI -- CASE STUDY OF

APPARENT STIMULATION OF CONVECTION BY SEEDING A THUNDERSTORM WITH “ALECTO” PYROTECHNIC DEVICES ........................................................................................................................................................... 98 Richard A. Schleusener, Pierre St. Amand, Wayne Sand, and John A. Donnan

SOME OBSERVATIONS OF SILVER IODIDE PLUMES WITHIN THE ELK MOUNTAIN WATER RESOURCE LABORATORY .............................................................................................................................................................................. 122

August H. Auer, D. L. Veal, and John D. Marwitz TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING ICE NUCLEI

IN THE ATMOSPHERE ................................................................................................................................................................ 132 A. J. Alkezweeny

SIERRA CUMULUS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 136 M. C. Williams and D. E. Lehrman

THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF HAIL SUPPRESSION........................................................................................................ 147 A. S. Dennis

NUCLEATION EFFICIENCIES OF AgI-NH4 AND AgI-NaI ACETONE SOLUTIONS AND PYROTECHNIC GENERATORS AS A FUNCTION OF LWC AND GENERATOR FLAME TEMPERATURE, A PRELIMINARY REPORT ..... 155 John A. Donnan, Donald N. Blair, William G. Finnegan, and Pierre St. Amand

OPERATIONAL FORECASTING FOR PROJECT SIERRA CUMULUS .................................................................................... 165 Donald E. Lehrman

TRACE SILVER ANALYSIS IN WATERS COMBINING SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH THE ATOMIC ABSORPTION MICROSAMPLING BOAT ............................................................................................................................................................. 169

Howard A. Salman A NEW METHOD OF AERIAL STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY ................................................................................................ 182

William J. King and Dale C. Hall DECISION MAKING IN A PRECIPITATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ................................................................................ 199

Steven H. Cohen MEASUREMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS WEATHER MODIFICATION ........................................................................... 207

Darlene A. Kreuger ELEMENTS OF A MODEL LAW FOR REGULATION OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES...................................... 221

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, COMMITTEES, HONORARY, CORPORATE AND ASSOCIATE MEMBERS .............................................................................................................................................................. 225

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY .............................................................................. 227


VOLUME 3

Number 1 April 1971 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTION OF NUCLEANTS FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION - PART VII, NUCLEATION PROCESSES ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

Pierre St. Amand, W. G. Finnegan, and F. K. Odencrantz UNDERSTANDING OF THE USE OF SIMPLE AND COMPLEX ICE NUCLEI GENERATED FROM PYROTECHNICS AND

ACETONE BURNERS .................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Pierre St. Amand, W. G. Finnegan, and L. Burkhardt

EFFECTS OF CONTACT NUCLEATION ON CLOUD SEEDING METHODS........................................................................... 49 Pierre St. Amand, W. G. Finnegan, and L. A. Mathews


COUNTING OF GLACIOGENIC NUCLEI .................................................................................................................................... 93 Pierre St. Amand, W. G. Finnegan, and L. A. Mathews

EFFECTS OF SOLUBILITY OF AgI NUCLEATION EFFECTIVENESS ..................................................................................... 106 Pierre St. Amand, L. Mathews, D. Reed, L. Burkhart, and W. Finnegan

ON THE ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE OF AgI PARTICLES IN CLOUD ................................................................................ 111 A. J. Alkezweeny

THE MODIFICATION OF RAIN PARAMETERS BY PYROTECHNIC CLOUD BASE SEEDING ............................................. 115 J. L. Sutherland, L. W. Cooper, and D. R. Booker

A WIND TUNNEL/CLOUD CHAMBER FACILITY FOR CLOUD MODIFICATION RESEARCH ............................................... 123 John A. Donnan, D. N. Blair, and Dean A. Wright

NOZZLES FOR SPRAYING WARM FOGS ................................................................................................................................. 134 John Carroz

MEANS FOR ESTIMATING AERIAL HAIL-DAY FREQUENCIES ............................................................................................. 154 S. A. Changnon, Jr.

THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL HAIL RESEARCH EXPERIMENT IN NORTHEAST COLORADO .. 160 P. T. Schickendanz and S. A. Changnon, Jr.

APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELS TO CUMULUS CLOUD MODIFICATION.............................................................. 177 A. L. Weinstein

A UNIFIED THEORY FOR AEROSOL PHENOMENOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 186 Ira Kohlberg

OBSERVATION OF SIERRA NEVADA SNOW STORMS WITH AN MTI-EQUIPPED RADAR ............................................... 197 Robert L. Peace, Jr.

SUMMER RUNOFF INCREASES BY WEATHER MODIFICATION .......................................................................................... 213 Donald E. Lehrman

ANALYSIS OF FOUR WINTER STORMS ................................................................................................................................... 223 D. A. Griffith, G. L. Smith, D. E. Lehrman, and J. R. Vowell

EVIDENCE OF MICROSTABILITY IN COLD OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS ................................................................................... 231 Charles F. Chappell

A COMPUTERIZED METHOD OF TELEMETERED PRECIPITATION DATA QUALITY CONTROL ...................................... 235 G. W. Reynolds and R. H. Campbell

WEATHER MODIFICATION - A FIRE CONTROL TOOL ........................................................................................................... 244 James D. Harpster and William J. Douglas

NON-SEEDABILITY OF HEXADECANOL-COATED MISTS ...................................................................................................... 250 Thomas V. Palmer

A HISTORY OF CLOUD SEEDING IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES .............................................................................. 253 Keith J. Brown

NEEDED -- A BETTER ENERGY SINK ....................................................................................................................................... 264 Vincent J. Schaefer

ADVERTISEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 271 CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .......................................................... 275

QUALIFICATION AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........ 279

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ...................................................................... 282 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................................... 283

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY...................................................... 283

BACKGROUND OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................................................. 287


INSTRUCTIONS - ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES ........................................................................................ 289


VOLUME 4 Number 1 April 1972

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE AN OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROJECT IN RHODESIA............................................................................................ 1

J. E. Stevens and J. M. Gosnell WEATHER MODIFICATION IN TEXAS ....................................................................................................................................... 6

John T. Carr, Jr. HOW TO SEED CUMULUS CLOUDS ......................................................................................................................................... 17

Pierre St. Amand and Shelden D. Elliott, Jr. DELAYED NUCLEATION EXPERIMENTS IN AN ISOTHERMAL CLOUD CHAMBER ............................................................ 50

W. S. McEwan and C. A. Hering THE USE OF HIGHLY-CHARGED HYGROSCOPIC DROPS FOR FOG DISPERSAL ............................................................ 54

John W. Carroz, Pierre St. Amand, and Donald R. Cruise FOG MODIFICATION BY MEANS OF ELECTRIFIED DROPLETS ........................................................................................... 70

M. H. Smith A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR FOG PREDICTION AT PORTLAND, OREGON ................................................................... 85

Harold E. Cronin RESULTS FROM COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE FIELD APPLICATIONS OF AgI AND AgI-NH4I SOLUTIONS

IN AIRBORNE GENERATORS ON A HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM IN KENYA............................................................... 94 Thomas J. Henderson

RESULTS FROM THE USE OF LW-83 PYROTECHNIC SEEDING DEVICES ON OPERATIONAL OROGRAPHIC CUMULUS PROGRAMS IN AFRICA AND CALIFORNIA ........................................................................................................... 102 Thomas J. Henderson

THE AIRBORNE SEEDING OF SIX TORNADOES .................................................................................................................... 109 Thomas J. Henderson and William J. Carley

MODIFICATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC MASS BY ENTRAINMENT ................................................................................. 118 Ira Kohlberg

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CLOUD SEEDING NUCLEI FROM GROUND-BASED GENERATORS .......................... 127 M. Aroyo and A. Gagin

TROPICAL HURRICANES, RAIN STIMULATION AND THEIR EFFECT IN THE RUNOFF OF THE RIVERS IN THE HYDROLOGIC WATERSHED OF NECAXA, PUE...................................................................................................................... 143

Emilio Perez Siliceo SEEDING EFFECTS IN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS IN WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ................................................................ 149 Alexander Koscielski and A. S. Dennis

SOUTH DAKOTA SEEDING EVALUATION 1965-1971 ............................................................................................................. 172 E. I. Boyd

AN EXPERIMENT IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED DECISION MAKING FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION................................ 195 William A. Peterman

SOME RELATIONSHIPS TO WEATHER MODIFICATION OF FINE PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE ........................... 204 Vincent J. Schaefer

ADVERTISEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 211

CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .......................................................... 217 A RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE ANNUAL WEATHER MODIFICATION MEETING IN FRESNO, CALIFORNIA............ 220


QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...... 223

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ...................................................................... 226

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................................... 227 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY...................................................... 229

BACKGROUND OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................................................. 235



VOLUME 5 Number 1 June 1973

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE A CHALLENGE TO THE WEATHER ENGINEERS .................................................................................................................... 1

Vincent J. Schaefer THE SOUTH DAKOTA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ..............................................................................................

Merlin C. Williams OBSERVED UPDRAFTS AND HAIL INSIDE A THUNDERSTORM .......................................................................................... 4

W. R. Sand, R. A. Schleusener, and D. J. Musil HAIL SENSING AND SMALL-SCALE VARIABILITY OF WINDBLOWN HAIL........................................................................... 30

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. PROJECT HAILSTOP: A REVIEW OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE ................................................................................ 43

Peter W. Summers TENTATIVE RESULTS OF FOUR YEARS OF RANDOMIZED SEEDING IN THE JEMEZ MOUNTAINS .............................. 56

C. G. Keys, Jr., F. D. Stover, R. D. Wilkins, and M. Lentner SOME IMPRESSIONS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION DEVELOPMENTS OVERSEAS ....................................................... 84

Jeremy M. Gosnell SEEDING SINGLE CUMULUS CLOUDS IN RHODESIA WITH SILVER IODIDE: 1968-69 ..................................................... 88

D. L. McNaughton AN AREA CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN THE NORTH OF RHODESIA ........................................................................ 103

D.L. McNaughton RESULTS FROM A 7-YEAR CONTINUOUS SEEDING WITH A GROUND GENERATOR ON THE FRENCH

ATLANTIC COAST........................................................................................................................................................................ 116 Jean Dessens and Jean-Pierre Lacaux

FOG CLEARING WITH HELICOPTER DOWNWASH ................................................................................................................ 126 David H. Dickson and Walter S. Nordquist, Jr.

RESULTS OF THE BOWMAN-SLOPE HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM ............................................................................... 133 A. F. Butchbaker

THE USE OF HIGHLY-CHARGED HYGROSCOPIC DROPS FOR FOG DISPERSAL ............................................................ 146 John W. Carroz, Pierre St. Amand, and Donald R. Cruise

MINICOMPUTER PROGRAM TO PREDICT FOG BREAK-UP TIMES ..................................................................................... 161 Harold E. Cronin

AIRBORNE JET SEEDER SOLUTION BURNER ....................................................................................................................... 166 John Carroz

PARTICLE SIZE AND NUCLEI ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A LOW OUTPUT AgI GENERATOR ............................ 178 Briant L. Davis, Donald N. Blair, L. Ronald Johnson, and Pierre St. Amand


A BENCHMARK NETWORK FOR ICE NUCLEUS COUNTS ..................................................................................................... 217 Paul A. Alice

FIELD COMPARISONS OF ICE NUCLEUS MEASUREMENTS BY THREE METHODS ........................................................ 222 C. A. Grainger and A. B. Super

RAW AND IODINE TREATED AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST AS A SOURCE OF ICE NUCLEI.................................................... 238 Lewis O. Grant and Myron L. Corrin

THE STIMULATION OF RAIN IN YUGOSLAVIA ........................................................................................................................ 249 Drazen Poje

PHENOMENA OF PERSISTENCE OF ARTIFICIAL ICE-NUCLEI CONCENTRATION ........................................................... 254 Paolo Petti

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS WEATHER MODIFICATION: THE SOUTH DAKOTA STUDY, 1972 ............................................................................................................ 261

Barbara C. Farhar FACTORS RELATED TO ATTITUDES TOWARDS WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMS.............................................. 277

Orville Lanham and Jerome Rosonka APPLYING ULTRA LONG-RANGE WEATHER PREDICTION AND WEATHER MODIFICATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................. 296 Irving P. Krick

REPORT ON RAPID CITY FLOOD OF JUNE 9, 1972 ............................................................................................................... 318 Pierre St. Amand, Ray J. Davis, and Robert D. Elliott .............................................................................

HOW TO TREAT A PAINFUL PROBLEM OR CLOUDSEEDING ANYONE?............................................................................ 347 Anonymous

ADVERTISEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 349 CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .......................................................... 353


WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - OFFICERS ........................................................................................................ 360 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS..................................................... 361

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - CORPORATE MEMBERS ................................................................................ 362

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - ASSOCIATE CORPORATE MEMBERS .......................................................... 363 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY...................................................... 364

BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 372




TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE WEATHER MODIFICATION OUTLOOK - 1995 PROJECTION ................................................................................................. 1

James E. Jiusto TRENDS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION LEGISLATION .......................................................................................................... 17

Ray Jay Davis PRESENT-DAY STATE OF THE THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION .... 28

L. Krastanov and G. Miloshev


SNOWFALL ENHANCEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 Helmut K. Weickmann

ICE NUCLEI GENERATOR TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 68 Norihiko Fukuta

IDENTIFICATION OF QUICK LIME AS ICE NUCLEANT ........................................................................................................... 79 A. S. Ramachandra Murty and Bh. V. Ramana Murty

THE MECHANIZATION OF MULTIPLICATION PROCESS OF GLACIATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE ................................. 87 Roger Cheng

CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EXTRA-AREA SEEDING EFFECTS .......................................................................... 92 Paul T. Schickedanz

RHODESIAN NATIONAL DROUGHT RELIEF CLOUD SEEDING OPERATION ..................................................................... 109 J. E. Stevens

REPORT ON CLOUD SEEDING OPERATION -- KYLE AND BANGALA CATCHMENT AREA, NOVEMBER 1972 - APRIL 1973.................................................................................................................................................. 130

J. E. Stevens POTENTIAL VALUE OF SATELLITE CLOUD PICTURES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS ................................ 134

Kumud R. Biswas REVIEW OF A MOLECULAR MODEL APPLIED TO PRENUCLEATION WATER CLUSTERS .............................................. 161

P. L. M. Plummer and B. N. Hale A UNIQUE PHYSICALLY RESPONSIVE METHOD OF ENTRAINMENT FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL CUMULUS MODELS . 171

David A. Matthews USE OF CONDENSED WATER-PRECIPITATION RELATIONSHIPS IN ANALYZING EFFECTS OF CLOUD SEEDING.... 182

Gerard E. Klazura PRACTICAL USE OF TIME-LAPSE PICTURES OF RADAR ECHOES TO ESTIMATE AREAS AFFECTED BY

SEEDED CLOUDS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196 Ray E. Telfer

MODIFICATION OF SUBTROPICAL WINTER CUMULUS CLOUDS -- CLOUD SEEDING AND CLOUD PHYSICS IN ISRAEL ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 203 A. Gagin and J. Neumann

THE ROLE OF SOLID PRECIPITATION ELEMENTS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF RAIN IN ISRAEL ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 216

A. Gagin and I. Steinhorn CUMULUS CONGESTUS GROWTH DOWNWIND OF ST. LOUIS MISSOURI: CASE STUDY .............................................. 229

August H. Auer, Jr. FLAME TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON AgI NUCLEI PRODUCED FROM ACETONE GENERATORS ................................ 238

Donald N. Blair HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFECTS FROM SEEDING WITH SILVER IODIDE IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA ...................... 246 E. I. Boyd, J. R. Miller, Jr., and R. A. Schleusener

THE ANTI-HAIL CAMPAIGN IN ARGENTINA ............................................................................................................................. 260 Daniel Gomez

A RANDOMIZED CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN THE DECCAN PLATEAU, INDIA -- PRELIMINARY RESULTS ....... 266 K. Krishna, R. K. Kapoor, A. S. Ramachandra Murty, A. M. Selvam, K. K. Kanuga, L. T. Khemani,

B. K. Bukherjee, S. K. Paul, R. Vijaya Kumar, and Bh.K. Ramana Murty THE EFFECT OF OZONE ON LEAD AND SILVER IODIDE ...................................................................................................... 278

Vincent J. Schaefer FIELD MIXING PROCEDURES FOR AgI-NH4-ACETONE SOLUTIONS................................................................................... 286

R. L. Wheeler MONITORING OF CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI AT THE ARCATA-EUREKA AIRPORT, CALIFORNIA ..................... 289

L. A. Mathews


A REVIEW OF SURFACE HAIL SENSORS ................................................................................................................................ 304

Neil J. Towery and Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITY REPORTS -- NOVEMBER 1, 1972 TO DECEMBER 31, 1973 ................................. 318

Mason T. Charak and Mary T. DiGiulian INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEATHER MODIFICATION -- OCTOBER 1-7, 1973 -- TASHKENT, USSR ............ 343

H. Weickmann RESEARCH NEEDS FOR LARGE-SCALE, APPLIED WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMS ......................................... 354

Merlin C. Williams and D. Ray Booker AN INTERESTING EARLY REFERENCE: ARTIFICIAL RAINMAKING IN KANSAS; THE RAINMAKERS AT WORK.

RECEIVED FROM: ....................................................................................................................................................................... 360 Arnold Court

HOW WEATHER ENGINEERING WILL EASE THE ENERGY CRISIS ..................................................................................... 362 Irving P. Krick WEATHER MODIFICATION MILITARY USE STATEMENT....................................................................................................... 375

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........................................................ 376

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...... 380 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - OFFICERS ........................................................................................................ 383

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS..................................................... 384

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - CORPORATE MEMBERS ................................................................................ 385 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - ASSOCIATE CORPORATE MEMBERS .......................................................... 386

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY...................................................... 387

BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 395 LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................................................... 395

JOURNAL NOTE ........................................................................................................................................................................... 396

INSTRUCTIONS - ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES .................................................................................. 397

- THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION -

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION VOLUME 7

Number 1 April 1975

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

PROJECT SUNSHINE .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Dr. Vincent J. Schaefer

SEEDING SINGLE CLOUDS USING PYROTECHNIC CARTRIDGES, 1973-74 ...................................................................... 4 D. L. McNaughton

A NEW AIRBORNE ORGANIC ICE NUCLEI GENERATOR AND ITS TESTS IN SUMMERTIME CUMULI ........................... 17 N. Fukuta, J. Armstrong, and A. Gorove

DYNAMIC EFFECT OF SALT SEEDING IN WARM CUMULUS CLOUDS ............................................................................... 31 A. S. Ramachandra Murty, A. M. Selvam, and Bh. V. Ramana Murty

A SUMMARY OF RAIN INCREASE OPERATIONS IN CENTRAL MICHIGAN DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1972, 1973 AND 1974................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Irving P. Krick

CLOUD SEEDING FROM SPACE BY HIGH ALTITUDE ROCKETS ......................................................................................... 49 F. Winterberg


DEVELOPMENT OF PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS FOR SEEDED AND NATURAL CUMULUS CLOUDS USING

RESULTS FROM A WEATHER MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT .............................................................................................. 58 Gerard E. Klazura

ON THE FORMATION OF ICE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PbI2 .......................................................................................... 70 N. Gendiev

METROMEX: LESSONS FOR PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT IN THE MIDWEST .......................................................... 77 Richard G. Semonin and Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

EVALUATION OF AN OPERATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECT IN TEXAS ............................................................... 88 Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

HAIL SUPPRESSION IN ALBERTA - 1956-1968........................................................................................................................ 101 Irving P. Krick and Newton C. Stone

STUDY OF DROPSIZE DISTRIBUTION IN WARM CLOUDS SUBJECTED TO REPEATED SEEDING................................ 116 R. K. Kapoor, S. K. Paul, A. S. Ramachandra Murty, K. Krishna, and Bh. V. Ramana Murty

PROOF OF LEGAL CAUSATION IN WEATHER MODIFICATION LITIGATION: REINBOLD V. SUMNER FARMERS, INC. AND IRVING P. KRICK, INC. ....................................................................................................................................................... 127 Ray Jay Davis and Pierre St. Amand

WEATHER MODIFICATION AND PUBLIC OPINION IN SOUTH DAKOTA, PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ................................ 145 Barbara C. Farhar

PRESENT AND FUTURE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION: REGIONAL ISSUES ................................................................... 154 Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

SURVEY OF INDUSTRY PRACTICES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION -- PRELIMINARY REPORT OF WMA COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY PRACTICES ................................................................................................................................ 177

Keith J. Brown, Arnett Dennis, and Ronald L. Lininger BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY INFORMATION ON THE KINGS RIVER WEATHER MODIFICATION

PROGRAM CONDUCTED DURING THE 19-YEAR PERIOD FROM 1954 THROUGH 1973 ................................................. 184 Thomas J. Henderson

THE KENYA HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................... 192 Thomas J. Henderson

PRELIMINARY INFORMATION ON U.S. WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN CY 1974* .......................................... 200 Mason T. Charak

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........................................................ 205 QUALIFICATION AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........ 209

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS ........................................................................................................... 212

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS ....................................................... 214 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................................. 215

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................ 217 BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 224

LIST OF PAST OFFICERS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................. 224

JOURNAL NOTE -- FUTURE MEETING DATES ........................................................................................................................ 225 INSTRUCTIONS - ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES ........................................................................................ 226




Number 2 December 1975

EDITOR’S NOTE Volume 7, Number 2, is a special edition of THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION. The publication arose from the high

interest in the program developed for the Fall Meeting held in Calgary, Canada, 4-5 September 1975. Formal papers and comments presented at that meeting were considered by the membership to be of sufficient importance for assembling in a single volume of JWM. The Publication Committee appreciates that response from those who presented information at that meeting and

organized their presentations for publication. For purposes of this volume, the various presentations are reprinted exactly as the authors submitted their material.


THE ALBERTA HAIL PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................. 1 J. Renick

INFORMAL REMARKS BY IRVING P. KRICK ............................................................................................................................ 7 Irving P. Krick Associates of Canada

HAIL SUPPRESSION IN ALBERTA -- 1956-1968 ...................................................................................................................... 13 Irving P. Krick and Newton C. Stone

HAILFALL AND CROP DAMAGE IN CENTRAL ALBERTA........................................................................................................ 28 L. Wojtiw

NUMERICAL MODEL PREDICTIONS FOR THE ALBERTA HAIL PROJECT .......................................................................... 43 Marianne English

HOW SILVER IODIDE SEEDING SUPPRESSES HAIL ............................................................................................................. 50 A.S. Dennis

DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENT TO SUPPRESS HAIL IN ILLINOIS .......................................................................................... 60 Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. and Griffith M. Morgan, Jr.

REVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECT ................................................................................... 80 Joanne Simpson

THE STATUS OF A HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECT IN TEXAS ............................................................................................. 84 Thomas J. Henderson

THE KENYA HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................... 93 Thomas J. Henderson

OBSERVATION OF THE SOVIET HAIL PROJECTS ................................................................................................................. 101 Thomas J. Henderson

THE EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE HAIL SUPPRESSION IN KANSAS .................................................................................... 109 Donald Christy ICE NUCLEI MEASUREMENTS IN ITALY .................................................................................................................................. 129

Aldo Buscaglione ALBERTA WEATHER MODIFICATION CO-OP PROGRAM ..................................................................................................... 143

J.T. Bishop AN ANALYSIS OF THIRTEEN YEARS OF COMMERCIAL HAIL SUPPRESSION IN CENTRAL ALBERTA ......................... 153

T.A. Peterson THE ALBERTA HAIL PROJECT -- RESEARCH AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND CAPABILITIES ................................................ 171

K.L. Grandia SWISS RANDOMIZED HAIL SUPPRESSION EXPERIMENT, GROSSVERSUCH IV ............................................................. 177

Bruno Federer




TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE THE RISE AND FALL OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ................................................... 1

John A. Donnan, Jackson L. Pellett, Richard S. Leblang, and Leo F. Ritter AN OPERATIONAL DECISION LADDER FOR SOUTH DAKOTA ............................................................................................. 21

Jackson L. Pellet, Leo F. Ritter, John A. Donnan, and Richard S. Leblang

DEVELOPMENT OF A STATE RAINGAUGE NETWORK ......................................................................................................... 34 Leo F. Ritter, Jackson L. Pellett, Richard S. Leblang, and John A. Donnan

EVALUATION OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ............................................................... 37 Richard S. Leblang and Jackson L. Pellett

ICE NUCLEUS TESTING OF THE AIRBORNE JET SEEDER .................................................................................................. 48 John W. Carroz

IS ICE MULTIPLICATION A PROMINENT FACTOR IN OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION? ................................................... 51 Russell W. Shaffer and Robert D. Elliott

ICE MULTIPLICATION IN THE SIERRA NEVADA? – A REPLY ............................................................................................... 63 Roger F. Reinking

ORGANIC ICE NUCLEI FIELD TESTS: SOUTH DAKOTA AND LEADVILLE COOPERATIVE PROJECTS, SUMMER, 1975 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 67

N. Fukuta, M.N. Plooster, J.A. Armstrong, and J. Butz EFFECT OF THE TEMPERATURE SPECTRUM OF ACTIVE ICE NUCLEI ON TARGETING OF SEEDED

OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION ................................................................................................................................................ 78 N. Fukuta

OBSERVATION OF EFFECTS ON CLOUDS AND RAINFALL CAUSED BY EFFLUENTS FROM PAPER MILLS ............... 84 Edward E. Hindman II

REPORT ON NATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING OPERATION 1974-75......................................................................................... 93 J.E. Stevens

AN OPERATIONAL DROUGHT RELIEF PROGRAM CONDUCTED IN JAMAICA DURING THE SUMMER OF 1975 ......... 115 Don A. Griffith and Keith J. Brown

RESULTS OF PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT BY SURFACE-SEEDING DURING WINTER AT DELHI ....... 126 R.N. Chatterjee, R.K. Kapoor, Gurmukh Singh, and Bh. V. Ramana Murty

RESULTS OF TWO YEARS OF RANDOMIZED CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENTS IN THE DECCAN PLATEAU, INDIA .. 134 K. Krishna, R.K. Kapoor, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, S. Rajamani, A.M. Selvam, L.T. Khemani, K.K. Kanuga, B.K. Mukherjee, S.K. Paul, R.S. Reddy, G.K. Manobar Brijmohan, R.Vijayakumar, and Bh. V. Ramana Murty

AN OPERATIONAL RAIN STIMULATION EXPERIMENT USING WARM TECHNIQUE OVER RIHAND CATCHMENT IN NORTHEAST INDIA DURING SUMMER MONSOONS OF 1973 AND 1974 ............................................................................ 145

R.K. Kapoor, K. Krishna, R.N. Chaterjee, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, S.K. Sharma and Bh. V. Ramana Murty NAIWMC - FORMATION AND ITS ACTIVITIES THROUGH 1975 ............................................................................................ 157

Conrad G. Keyes, Jr. THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL OF HAIL SUPPRESSION .................................................................... 164

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. and Griffith M. Morgan, Jr. AFTER TWENTY-NINE YEARS -- A PROPOSAL ...................................................................................................................... 190

Vincent J. Schaefer CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........................................................ 197



WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS ........................................................................................................... 204

BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 206 LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................................................... 206

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS ....................................................... 207

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................................. 208 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................ 210

JOURNAL NOTE -- FUTURE MEETING DATES ........................................................................................................................ 218

INSTRUCTIONS -- ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES ....................................................................................... 219



Number 2 September 1976


THE REMARKABLE VINCE SCHAEFER .................................................................................................................................... 1 Earl G. Droessler

AFTER 29 1/2 YEARS .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Vincent J. Schaefer

EARLY EXPERIMENTS WITH SILVER IODIDE ......................................................................................................................... 8 Dr. Bernard Vonnegut

CITIES CAN MODIFY RAINFALL -- A NEW CONCEPT ............................................................................................................ 12 Stanley A. Changon, Jr.

SEEDING CLOUDS AT THE SURFACE, CLOUD BASE, AND CLOUD TOP ........................................................................... 29 Ken L. Grandia

USE OF MODELS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION -- SOLUTIONS OR CONFUSION? ........................................................... 33 Dr. Bernard A. Silverman

EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS .......................................................................... 42 John A. Flueck

THE LAWYERS GET INVOLVED -- OR HOW TO MAKE YOURSELF MISERABLE ............................................................... 57 Ray Jay Davis

WEATHER MODIFICATION GOES PUBLIC............................................................................................................................... 64 Barbara C. Farhar ............................................... ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF RAIN AUGMENTATION BY CLOUD SEEDING IN THE PERSIAN GULF AREA

(QATAR AND OMAN) ................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Dr. Joanne Simpson

PROJECT SKYWATER ................................................................................................................................................................ 107 Dr. B.A. Silverman

THE WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE RANN DIRECTORATE OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 121 Richard A. Dirks

THE FUTURE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... 127 Dr. Vincent J. Schaefer

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 129 Thomas J. Henderson




WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS ........................................................................................................... 142 BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 144

LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................................................... 144

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS ....................................................... 145 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................................. 146

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................ 148

JOURNAL NOTE -- FUTURE MEETING DATES ........................................................................................................................ 156 INSTRUCTIONS -- ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES ....................................................................................... 157

NOTE: The following papers were scheduled for presentation at the Silver Anniversary Meeting of the Weather Modification

Association but were not available for publication in this issue: STEP FORWARD -- SNOWFALL AND TEMPERATURE

Lewis O’Grant THE FIRST TECHNOLOGY FOG IS ABATED

W. Boynton Beckwith THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL WEATHER MODIFICATION

Dr. D. Ray Booker THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEDERAL ROLE IN WEATHER MODIFICATION

Dr. Earl Droessler DEVELOPMENT OF PYROTECHNIC MATERIALS, NUCLEATION & CLOUD SEEDING TECHNIQUES

Dr. Pierre St. Amand THE WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH PROGRAM OF NOAA

Merlin C. Williams



TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE AN EARLY ACCOUNT OF A FLIGHT TO MODIFY LIGHTNING STORMS .............................................................................. 1

Vincent J. Schaefer and H.T. Gisborne IMPACTS OF URBAN-MODIFIED PRECIPITATION ON MAN’S ACTIVITIES ......................................................................... 8

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. INADVERTENT MODIFICATION OF VISIBILITY IN THE VICINITY OF A MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREA ......................... 19

August H. Auer, Jr. CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION FORMATION AND MODIFICATION BY REFINERIES AND POWER PLANTS ................... 32

J. Robert Stinson and Clifford D. Brown CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION FORMATION BY REFINERY EMISSIONS ............................................................................. 38

J. Robert Stinson RAINFALL ENHANCEMENT, POLLUTION CLEAN-UP, AND ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH CLOUD CHAMBER-

CONTROLLED CLOUDS ............................................................................................................................................................. 41 J. Robert Stinson


VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF IN AND CCN IN EASTERN MONTANA ................................................................................ 45 J.T. McPartland and A.B. Super

ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NUCLEATING AGENTS USED IN WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 51

D.A. Klein INCREASES IN SILVER IODIDE ATTRIBUTABLE TO GROUND GENERATORS: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 1975 ALBERTA

GROUND GENERATOR EXPERIMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 57 K.L. Grandia and D.S. Davison

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE 1976 RAIN MODIFICATION PROJECT IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS .............................. 66 Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. and Neil G. Towery

CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM IN RHODESIA: 1974-75 .............................................................................. 79 D.L. McNaughton

AN EXAMINATION OF THE RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION OVER THE TARGET AREA OF THE COLORADO RIVER MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT’S WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM............................................................................ 93 John Girdzus

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF HAIL SUPPRESSION TO CROP PRODUCERS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES ........................................................................................................................................................... 100

Craig W. Potter and Steven T. Sonka MELTING RATES OF VARIOUS SIZE HAILSTONES IN A LARGE VERTICAL WIND TUNNEL ............................................ 117

Steven B. Newman and Narayan R. Gokhale COLLECTION KERNELS FOR THE CAPTURE OF SILVER IODIDE BY CLOUD WATER DROPS ...................................... 125

L.A. Mathews and P. St. Amand CHARACTERISTICS OF SILVER IODIDE ICE NUCLEI GENERATORS CURRENTLY USED BY SO.R.E.M. ...................... 146

Aldo Buscaglione COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION IN THE SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS ............................ 154

Barbara C. Farhar and Ronald Rinkle WEATHER MODIFICATION VIEWS OF USER-PAYERS IN NORTH DAKOTA ....................................................................... 193

James T. Eastgate CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........................................................ 198


WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS ........................................................................................................... 205 BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 207

LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................................................... 207

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CERTIFIED AND HONORARY MEMBERS ....................................................... 208 JOURNAL NOTE -- FUTURE MEETING DATES ........................................................................................................................ 209

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................................. 210

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY ........................................................ 212 INSTRUCTIONS -- ADVERTISEMENTS AND MEMBERSHIP DUES ....................................................................................... 221


VOLUME 10


IS SOMETHING HAPPENING TO OUR SUPPLY OF SUPERCOOLED CLOUDS? ................................................................ 1 Vincent J. Schaefer


NATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING OPERATION 1976-1977 ........................................................................................................... 4

J.S. Stevens EXPERIMENTAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM 1976/1977 .................................................................................................... 16

D.L. McNaughton SUMMARY OF THREE SEASONS’ SINGLE CLOUD SEEDING RESULTS IN RHODESIA, BETWEEN 1968 AND 1975.... 21 D.L. McNaughton

HAIL-PRECIPITATION RATIOS FROM THREE PROJECTS .................................................................................................... 35 James R. Miller, Jr.

CLOUD SEEDING IN NECAXA WATERSHED ........................................................................................................................... 39 Jorge Estrada Betancourt

SIX WEEKS OF SEEDING IN SOUTHWEST ALBERTA ............................................................................................................ 51 James T. Bishop

RADAR EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SALT SEEDING ON WARM MARITIME CUMULUS CLOUDS ....................... 54 R.N. Chatterjee, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, K. Krishna, and Bh.B. Ramana Murty

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SILVER CONTENT OF SOILS IN NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN - JULY-AUGUST 1977 .................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Jack C. Norman ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SILVER IN PRECIPITATION FROM STORMS SEEDED WITH SILVER IODIDE .............. 67

Jack C. Norman ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF DRY ICE (SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE) USED AS A SEEDING AGENT

IN WEATHER MODIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................... 69 Jack C. Norman

DIFFUSION OF GROUND-GENERATED SILVER IODIDE TO CUMULUS CLOUD FORMATION LEVELS......................... 71 Jack McPartland and Arlin Super

WATER DROPLET FOGS FORMED FROM PYROTECHNICALLY GENERATED CONDENSATION NUCLEI .................... 77 Edward E. Hindman, II

METALLIC OXIDES AS FREEZING NUCLEI .............................................................................................................................. 97 Michael T. Reischel

AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME AEROSOL PROPERTIES IN MIDWESTERN POWER PLANT PLUMES............................... 107 Mark J. Komp and August H. Auer, Jr.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE SKYWATER IX CONFERENCE ON PRECIPITATION MANAGEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 119 Wallace E. Howell

THE SEARCH FOR A PERFECT WEATHER MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT: AN ESSAY ................................................... 144 Arnett S. Dennis

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD-SEEDING PROGRAM IN THE ALBORZ MOUNTAINS OF IRAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 153 A.E. Dabiri, G. Nemat, and J.A. Warburton

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1976 AND 1977 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 165

Mason T. Charak CLOUD SEEDING IN THE TEXAS PANHANDLE....................................................................................................................... 170

Jerome W. Kirby BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 179


QUALIFICATION AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ........................................................................ 184 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ......................................................... 187



CERTIFIED MEMBERS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ....................................................................... 190 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................... 191

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ANNUAL AWARDS ............................................................................................. 192

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ................................................... 194 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION JOURNAL NOTES AND MEETING DATES ...................................................... 208

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION ......................................................................... 210


VOLUME 11


HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Vincent J. Schaefer

- REVIEWED SECTION -

GROUND SEEDING HAIL PREVENTION EXPERIMENT IN FRANCE ..................................................................................... 4 J. Dessens

MOST PROMISING CONCEPT OF HAIL SUPPRESSION ........................................................................................................ 18 Narayan N. Gokhale

ASSESSMENT OF WEATHER MODIFICATION POTENTIAL FOR ALLEVIATING AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN THE MIDWEST......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 F.A. Huff

EFFECTS OF HAIL SUPPRESSION ON RAINFALL IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS ............................................................... 51 Donald R. Haragan

MORE RAIN AND LESS HAIL IN SOUTHWEST ALBERTA PROJECT .................................................................................... 71 James T. Bishop

LABORATORY AND ATMOSPHERIC VORTEX INSTABILITIES .............................................................................................. 73 Thomas Y. Palmer

CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION IN THE SOUTHERN REGION ............................................................................................... 87 Donald R. Haragan

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENTS IN MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA ............................. 116 A. Mary Selvam, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION -

SIMULTANEOUS CLOUD COMPARISONS USING DIGITAL RADAR AND SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS ....................... 141

Michael R. Poellot and David W. Reynolds HISTORY OF PLANNED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH AT THE ILLINOIS STATE

WATER SURVEY, 1947-1978 ...................................................................................................................................................... 156 Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLOUD SEEDING IN SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA ....................................................................... 166 David F. McGinnis

REQUIREMENTS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION - THE STATES VIEWPOINT ..................................................................... 173 Conrad G. Keyes, Jr.

AN EARLY USE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION....................................................................................................................... 184 Pierre St.-Amand


PARTIAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1978 AND COMPARISONS WITH RESULTS FOR CY 1976 AND 1977 .................................................................................................... 186

Mason T. Charak COMPUTERIZED ON-LINE HAIL BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 190

Illinois State Water Survey BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 191


QUALIFICATION AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ........................................................................ 196 STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS - WEATHER

MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................................................................................. 199 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ......................................................... 202


CERTIFIED MEMBERS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ....................................................................... 205 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................... 206

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ANNUAL AWARDS ............................................................................................. 207

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL & CORPORATE MEMBERS ......................................................... 209 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION JOURNAL NOTES AND MEETING DATES ...................................................... 223

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 224

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION ......................................................................... 225



TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... iv

Ray Jay Davis THE DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AIRCRAFT TRAGEDY .............................................. v


GENERAL AND SPECIAL HYPOTHESIS FOR WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING............................................................................................................................... 1 C.J. Todd and W.E. Howell

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COVARIATES FOR THE EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL SEEDING PROJECTS IN AREAS WITHOUT PHYSIOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ........................................................................................................... 16

Gary L. Achtimeier INTERCOMPARISON OF MEE AND NCAR ICE NUCLEUS COUNTERS AND THE CSU ISOTHERMAL CHAMBER ......... 24

G. Langer and D. Garvey CLOUD NUCLEI FROM LAUNCHES AND FIRINGS OF SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS ......................................................... 34

Edward E. Hindman, II, F. Kirk Odencrantz, and William G. Finnegan SATELLITE CLOUD DATA AS INPUT TO CLOUD SEEDING OPERATIONS.......................................................................... 56

James A. Henry and Jeffery A. Isaacs



BACK TO BASICS? ...................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Vincent J. Schaefer

THE WMO PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (PEP) - PROGRESS TO DATE AND PRESENT STATUS ......... 70 Peter W. Summers

NORCAL-WMP: 13 FLIGHTS ON 7 DAYS, 1978........................................................................................................................ 84 Arnold Court

SILVER IODIDE ICE NUCLEI GENERATOR STARTER TRIGGERED BY ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC POTENTIAL GRADIENT .............................................................................................................................................................. 92

Albert H. Schnell and Erhard Bachmann BROKEN CUMULUS BASES AND MODELING ......................................................................................................................... 98

D.L. McNaughton INTEGRATING THE SOCIETAL COMPONENT IN THE PROPOSED NORTHERN COLORADO TOTAL AREA

MOUNTAIN SEEDING EXPERIMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 105 Ray Jay Davis, Lewis O. Grant, Donald A. Klein, E. Bruce Jones, and Craig Piernot

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1979 AND COMPARISON WITH DATA FOR CY 1973-1978 ....................................................................................................................... 110 Mason T. Charak

NOAA’S NEW THRUST IN WEATHER MODIFICATION ........................................................................................................... 115 Ferris Webster

ANOTHER ITEM OF HISTORIC INTEREST ............................................................................................................................... 118 Weather Bureau Topics and Personnel

SENATE HEARINGS ON WEATHER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH ................................................................ 120 Ray Jay Davis

WMO/UNEP WEATHER MODIFICATION INTERNATIONAL LAW PROPOSALS ................................................................... 127 Ray Jay Davis

BACKGROUND OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................... 130

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 131 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ........................................................ 138

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ...................................................................... 142

WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS ................................ 145 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ......................................................... 148

LIST OF PAST OFFICERS, CERTIFIED MEMBERS, AND HONORARY MEMBERS ............................................................. 150

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ANNUAL AWARDS ............................................................................................. 153 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ................................................... 155

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION JOURNAL NOTES AND MEETING DATE ......................................................... 164

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 165 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION ......................................................................... 166




TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... iv

Daniel F. Kriege THE SERENDIPITOUS HAPPENINGS WHICH LED TO WEATHER MODIFICATION ............................................................ 1

Vincent J. Schaefer THE LIGHTER SIDE OF LIFE WITH PROJECT CIRRUS .......................................................................................................... 5

Duncan C. Blanchard MISCONCEPTION ABOUT CLOUD SEEDING WITH DRY ICE ................................................................................................ 9

Bernard Vonnegut THE MECHANISMS OF CLOUD SEEDING WITH DRY ICE (Reply to Vonnegut) ................................................................... 11

B.J. Mason FROM MT. WASHINGTON, N.H. TO SCHENECTADY, N.Y. AND PROJECT CIRRUS .......................................................... 12

Raymond E. Falconer EARLY HISTORY OF CLOUD SEEDING .................................................................................................................................... 14

Barrington S. Havens, James E. Jiusto, and Bernard Vonnegut


THE PRECIPITATION STIMULATION PROJECT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 1950 ........................................................ 89 Wallace E. Howell

THE ISRAELI RAINFALL ENHANCEMENT EXPERIMENT - A PHYSICAL OVERVIEW ......................................................... 108 A. Gagin

WEATHER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE KINGS RIVER WATERSHED ................................................................ 121 Thomas J. Henderson

ASSESSMENT OF SUMMER 1979 WEATHER MODIFICATION EFFORT IN SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS ......................... 132 Chin-Fei Hsu and Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

SEVEN YEARS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN UTAH....................................................... 141 John R. Thompson and Don A. Griffith

VARIATIONS IN RAINFALL AND INSURED CROP-HAIL LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING IN SOUTH DAKOTA...................................................................................................................................... 150

Arnett S. Dennis, Barbara G. Brown, and James R. Miller, Jr. WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN TAIWAN, 1951-1978............................................................................................ 161

Chin-Fei Hsu OVERVIEW OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH IN INDIA ................................................................................ 165

Bh.V. Ramana Murty SALT SEEDING FROM AIRCRAFT OVER LINGANAMAKKI CATCHMENT, SOUTH INDIA .................................................. 167

A.S. Ramachandra Murty, A. Mary Selvam, C.P. Kulkarni, R.W. Chatterjee, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty ELECTRICAL AND MICROPHYSICAL RESPONSES TO SALT SEEDING IN WARM MARITIME CUMULUS CLOUDS ..... 174

A.S. Ramachandra Murty, A. Mary Selvam, B.K. Bandyopadhyay, W. Revathi, A.G. Pillai, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty GROUND-BASED SALT SEEDING IN TAMIL NADU STATE SOUTH INDIA, 1973-1977 ....................................................... 177

A.G. Pillai, R.S. Reddy, R. Vijayakumar, R.K. Kapoor, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, A. Mary Selvam, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty

CHLORIDE AND SODIUM ION INCREASES IN RAIN FROM SALT SEEDED CLOUDS ........................................................ 182 L.T. Khemani, G.A. Homin, M.S. Naik, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty


HAIL SUPPRESSION IN THE HUDSON VALLEY, 1956 AND 1957.......................................................................................... 184 Thomas J. Henderson

“SIDE-SKIM SEEDING” FOR CONVECTIVE CLOUD MODIFICATION .................................................................................... 188 Norihiko Fukuta

DESIGN FOR EVALUATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 193 Arnold Court

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES AND KEY ISSUES FOR THE EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL WEATHER MODIFICATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 195

Chin-Fei Hsu, K. Ruben Gabriel, and Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. CLOUD SEEDING SOUTHEAST OF MEXICO CITY, 1974-76 .................................................................................................. 200

Jorge Estrada Betancourt and Isabel Villasenor Diaz THE PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROJECT OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION,

PROGRAM AND PROGRESS ..................................................................................................................................................... 203 Roland List

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - HAIL SUPPRESSION ACTIVITIES IN THE SOVIET UNION ..................................................................................................... 209

I.I. Burtsev PLANNING OF THE EXPERIMENT ON PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT IN LAKE SEVAN BASIN .................................. 213

W.I. Vulfson AN INDICATOR OF PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT DUE TO CLOUD SEEDING AIMED AT REDUCING HAIL ............ 218

M. Curic PHYSICAL-STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFICIENCY AND SOME

ESTIMATES OF SUPPRESSION RESULTS CONCERNING TARGET AREAS IN BULGARIA .............................................. 221 Kostadin Stanchev and Petio Simeonov

STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF EXPLOSION UPON THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF CONVECTIVE CLOUDS ......................................................................................................................................................... 226 Haung Mei-yun, Xu Hau-ying, Wang Ang-sheng, He Zhen-zhen, Chen Ying-hi, Xu Msi-zhang

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. DURING 1980 AND COMPARISON WITH DATA FOR 1973-1979 ............................................................................................................................. 231

Mason T. Charak ANOTHER FIRST FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 235

Glenn W. Brier SUMMARY OF REPORT ON CRITERIA FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATIONS AND EFFECTIVE

EVALUATION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 236 F.A. Huff and S.A. Changnon, Jr.

SOME SELECTED PUBLICATIONS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION - (1970-1980) ................................................................ 237 AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF WMA ..................................................................................................................................... 238

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF WMA ................................................................................................................................. 242

WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA .............................................................................................. 244 A NEW CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR WMA....................................................................................................................... 246

Keith J. Brown WMA OFFICERS, COMMITTEES, PAST OFFICERS, CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS

AND HONORARY MEMBERS ..................................................................................................................................................... 249 WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD ................................................. 252

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE .................................................................................... 253

JOURNAL NOTES AND FUTURE WMA MEETINGS ................................................................................................................ 261


JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION INDEX OF AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS............................................................. 262



Number 1 April 1982


PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... iv Paul C. Summers

- REVIEWED SECTION - WEATHER MODIFICATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, 1966-1972 ............................................................................................... 1

E.M. Frisby PIGGYBACK WEATHER EXPERIMENTATION: SUPERIMPOSING RANDOMIZED TREATMENT COMPARISONS

ON COMMERCIAL CLOUD SEEDING OPERATIONS............................................................................................................... 7 K.R. Gabriel and S.A. Changnon, Jr.

STORM TYPING IN WEATHER MODIFICATION ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 11 Jack F. Hannaford and John W. James

COMPUTATION OF A “STORM SEEDING FACTOR” FOR HAIL SUPPRESSION BY GROUND SEEDING ........................ 18 Pierre Admirat and Aldo Buscaglione

CLOUD-SEEDING EFFECT ON WATER STRESS OF MAIZE IN ZIMBABWE ........................................................................ 23 D.L. McNaughton and J.C.S. Allison

DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF WARM MONSOON CLOUDS TO SALT SEEDING .................................................................... 35 S.S. Parasnis, A. Mary Selvam, A.S. Ramachandra Murty and Bh.V. Ramana Murty

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAINS OVER KENYA ............................................................................................................. 38 K.K. Kanuga

EMERGENCY CLOUD SEEDING IN GEORGIA, SUMMER, 1977 ............................................................................................ 43 Don A. Griffith

CLOUD SEEDING IN CHILE ........................................................................................................................................................ 47 David Erickson and Oscar Badilla

RANDOMIZED CLOUD SEEDING AT GUTTIAN, FUJIAN, CHINA ........................................................................................... 53 Jia-deng Yeh, Ke-ming Cheng and Guang-peng Zhen

A SYSTEM OF HYPOTHESES FOR PRECIPITATION MANAGEMENT TODAY .................................................................... 61 Clement J. Todd and Wallace E. Howell

WILL SPACE SHUTTLE LAUNCH CLOUDS BE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ICE NUCLEI? ............................................ 75 Edward E. Hindman and William G. Finnegan

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - EXPERT WITNESSES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION LEGAL PROCEEDINGS .................................................................... 78

Ray Jay Davis and Pierre St.-Amand WEATHER RESOURCES LAW AT SUNSET AND HIGH NOON .............................................................................................. 81

Ray Jay Davis WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - LIST OF STATES ............................................................................................................ 82

PRELIMINARY DATA ON REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR 1981 ........................... 84 Mason T. Charak

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WMA ............................................................................................................................. 86

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WMA ...................................................................................................................... 90 WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS ................................ 92


A NEW CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE WMA .............................................................................................................. 94


WMA OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................................................................................ 97 WMA LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................................................................................. 98

WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS - WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............ 99

WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD ................................................. 100 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 101

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................... 107

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1982/83 .................................... 108 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 16 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 109



TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

Conrad G. Keyes, Jr. - REVIEWED SECTION -

A CONFIRMATORY EVALUATION OF THE GROSSVERSUCH IV EXPERIMENT USING HAILPAD DATA (FRENCH NETWORK 1977-1981) ............................................................................................................................................... 1

J.F. Mezeix and P. Caillot MEASUREMENT ERRORS RELATED TO A HAILPAD NETWORK ......................................................................................... 7

N. Doras ICE NUCLEATION BY SILVER IODIDE-SODIUM IODIDE: A REEVALUATION ...................................................................... 11

R.R. Blumenstein, W.G. Finnegan and L.O. Grant SEEDING AGENT THRESHOLD ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE HEIGHT, AN IMPORTANT SEEDABILITY

CRITERION FOR GROUND-BASED SEEDING ......................................................................................................................... 16 R.W. Shaffer

WEATHER MODIFICATION POTENTIAL DURING UTAH DROUGHT ..................................................................................... 21 J.L. Sutherland

WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING NORTHEAST OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH ............................................................... 23 D.A. Griffith, J.R. Thompson and R.W. Shaffer LIMITATIONS TO DYNAMIC SEEDING OF NORTH DAKOTA SUMMER CLOUDS ............................................................... 28

Jeffrey L. Stith DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EVALUATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE NORTH DAKOTA CLOUD

MODIFICATION PROJECT .......................................................................................................................................................... 34 J.R. Miller, Jr., S. Ionescu-Niscov, D.L. Priegnitz, A.A. Doneaud, J.H. Hirsch, and P.L. Smith

OBSERVATIONS OF NATURAL SEEDING BENEATH ANVIL CLOUDS ................................................................................. 40 Jeffrey L. Stith

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL CIRRUS CLOUDS ON TEMPERATURES NEAR THE GROUND ..................... 45 Andrew Detwiler

CLOUD SEEDING WITH THE TG-10 ROCKETS ....................................................................................................................... 56 V. Horvat and B. Lipovscak


CHARACTERISTICS OF HAIL PROCESSES AND HAIL FALLS IN MACEDONIA .................................................................. 62 Vitomir Dimitrievski

SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER CONCENTRATIONS IN WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS FROM GROUND-BASED ICE ACCRETION MEASUREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 64

Thomas J. Henderson and Mark E. Solak SUNSET AND SUNRISE OF THE ILLINOIS WEATHER MODIFICATION ACT ....................................................................... 71

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr. DE FACTO REGULATION OF WEATHER MODIFICATION IN CALIFORNIA .......................................................................... 74

Maurice Roos - NON-REVIEWED SECTION -

PRELIMINARY DATA ON REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1982..................... 75 Harold A. Corzine

SUMMARY - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROMETEOROLOGY .......................................................................... 76

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - LIST OF STATES ............................................................................................................ 77 AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WMA ............................................................................................................................. 79

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WMA ...................................................................................................................... 84

WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ...................................................................... 86 A NEW CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE WMA .............................................................................................................. 88

Keith J. Brown QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ...................................................................... 89

WMA OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................................................................................ 91

WMA LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................................................................................. 92 WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS - WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............ 93

WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD ................................................. 94

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 95 WMA DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ......................................................................................................................... 101

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1983 ......................................... 102

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 17 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 103



TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

John W. James - REVIEWED SECTION -

A NEW NUMERICAL SIMULATION TECHNIQUE FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS .................................. 1 A. Mary Selvam, A.S. Ramachandra Murty, and Bh.V. Ramana Murty

EVAPORATION DECAY OF ORGANIC ICE NUCLEUS PARTICLES ....................................................................................... 9 H.R. Vasquez and N. Fukuta

ASCENT OF SURFACE-RELEASED SILVER IODIDE INTO SUMMER CONVECTION - ALBERTA 1975 ............................ 19 James A. Heimbach, Jr. and Newton C. Stone


SEEDING RESULTS FAVOR SMALL CLOUDS IN CHINA, SOUTH DAKOTA AND YUGOSLAVIA ....................................... 27

James R. Miller, Jr. SEEDING EFFECTS ON CONVECTIVE CLOUDS IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN PILOT PROJECT........................... 30

R.D. Elliott SELECTED ANALYSES OF A UTAH/NOAA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM CONDUCTED IN UTAH

DURING THE 1982/83 WINTER SEASON .................................................................................................................................. 34 Don A. Griffith

USING HISTORICAL DATA TO EVALUATE TWO LARGE-AREA OPERATIONAL SEEDING PROJECTS .......................... 40 Chin-Fei Hsu and Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

CLEAR-AIR SEEDING: OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES ................................................................................................ 46 A. Detwiler and R. Pratt

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - NATIONAL CLOUD-SEEDING OPERATION 1982-83 ............................................................................................................... 61

J.S. Stevens AN OVERVIEW OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN ALBERTA............................................................................ 66

R.J. Deibert THE NATURE OF RURAL PUBLIC OPINION TO RAINMAKING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA ................................................ 73

G.R. McBoyle CLOUD SEEDING RESEARCH IN A FOG FACILITY ................................................................................................................ 86

Norihiko Fukuta WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - U.S. AND CANADA ......................................................................................................... 88

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WMA ............................................................................................................................. 93

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WMA ...................................................................................................................... 98 WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ...................................................................... 100

A NEW CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE WMA .............................................................................................................. 102 Keith J. Brown




WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD ................................................. 108

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 109 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................... 114

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1984 ......................................... 115





TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... vi

Wilbur E. Brewer


REPEATABILITY OF STRONG RESPONSES IN PRECIPITATION MANAGEMENT .............................................................. 1 Clement J. Todd and Wallace E. Howell

UNEXPECTED EFFECTS OF CLOUD SEEDING WITH SILVER IODIDE ................................................................................ 7 E.K. Bigg

SELECTED TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING WEATHER MODIFICATION: TEXAS HAIL SUPPRESSION CASE ............. 18 Chin-Fei Hsu

POTENTIAL BENEFITS TO AGRICULTURE OF AUGMENTING PRECIPITATION ................................................................ 23 S.E. Offutt, P. Garcia, M. Pinar

SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER IN WINTER STORMS: A PRELIMINARY CLIMATOLOGY FOR REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 30

Kenneth Sassen STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SNOW AS AN INDICATOR OF CLOUD SEEDABILITY .......................................... 36

Joseph A. Warburton and Tom P. DeFelice ACOUSTIC SEEDING .................................................................................................................................................................. 38

Michael P. Foster and John C. Pflaum AIRFLOW AND DROPLET TRAJECTORY MODEL TO DETERMINE SENSOR PLACEMENT ON CLOUD

PHYSICS RESEARCH AIRCRAFT .............................................................................................................................................. 45 M.M. Oleskiw, K.L. Grandia, R.C. Rudolph

PREDICTION OF DROPLET TRAJECTORIES TO DETERMINE SENSOR PLACEMENT ON CLOUD PHYSICS RESEARCH AIRCRAFT ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 M.M. Oleskiw, K.L. Grandia, R.C. Rudolph

QUANTITATIVE DIFFUSION ESTIMATES OF CLOUD SEEDING NUCLEI RELEASED FROM AIRBORNE GENERATORS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 59

Abraham Gagin and Marcel Aroyo


STATUS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION REGULATION IN CALIFORNIA .............................................................................. 71 Maurice Roos

FEDERAL LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENT MAINTENANCE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION EQUIPMENT ............................ 72 Ray Jay Davis

PRELIMINARY DATA ON REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1983 AND 1984 .. 74 Harold A. Corzine

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - U.S. AND CANADA ......................................................................................................... 76

WEATHER MODIFICATION STATE AND PROVINCIAL CONTACTS ...................................................................................... 78 AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WMA ............................................................................................................................. 81

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WMA ...................................................................................................................... 86

WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ...................................................................... 88



QUALIFICATIONS FOR PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSN. .................... 91





JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1985 ......................................... 103 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 19 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 104


VOLUME 18

Number 1 April 1986


PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... vi R. Lynn Rose

SPECIAL NOTE - FIRST EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE WMA ..................................................................................... vii John W. James

- REVIEWED SECTION - A PERSPECTIVE ON WEATHER MODIFICATION EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 1

A KIND OF SEEDING AGENT FOR DRAWING HIGH LIQUID WATER CONTENTS OFF CONVECTIVE CLOUDS: REALITY OR NOTE? .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

R. Serpolay OBSERVATIONS CARRIED OUT IN AN EQUATORIAL FOREST AFTER SILVER IODIDE SEEDINGS

FROM A GROUND GENERATOR ............................................................................................................................................... 10 G.J.R. Baudet, J. Dessens and J.P. Lacaux

STORM TYPING AND SEEDABILITY IN OROGRAPHIC SNOW/RAIN AUGMENTATION IN THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 John W. James

EVALUATION STUDIES OF LONG-TERM HAIL DAMAGE REDUCTION PROGRAMS IN NORTH DAKOTA ...................... 17 R.L. Rose and T.C. Jameson

GROUND SEEDING: A VERY POWERFUL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE OF HAIL SUPPRESSION ........................ 21 P. Admirat and R. Caponigro

THE VALUE OF EXAMINING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF WINTER CLOUD SEEDING .......................................................... 25 Barbara C. Welles

THE ITALO-YUGOSLAV ANTI-HAIL DEFENSE ......................................................................................................................... 28 Fedrico Primozic and Domenico Vento

RELIABLE VERIFICATION METHODS IN HAIL PREVENTION ................................................................................................ 30 W.A. Muller

EXPERIMENT OF SUPERCOOLED FOG DISPERSAL AT SARAJEVO AIRPORT AND SKIING SLOPES OF THE 14TH WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES .............................................................................................................................................. 34 D. Milosevic, S. Bajic, Z. Radonjic, and N. Fukuta


PRELIMINARY RADAR RESULTS FROM THE 1984/85 SEEDING EXPERIMENT ................................................................ 40

G.K. Mather and M.J. Dixon COMPARISON BETWEEN SEEDED AND UNSEEDED STORMS IN ALBACETE (SPAIN) ................................................... 43

J.L. Sanchez, A. Castro, M.L. Sanchez and M. Davila THE LIGHTNING TRIGGERING: A TECHNIQUE FOR ACTIVE PROTECTION OF A SITE ................................................... 46

Paul Perroud and Andre Eybert-Berard WORLDWIDE EVALUATION FOR CREDIBILITY....................................................................................................................... 49

Clement J. Todd THE HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM IN GREECE ................................................................................................................. 51

Thomas J. Henderson RESULTS OF AN EXPLORATORY EXPERIMENT WITHIN THE GREEK NATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM... 57

John A. Flueck, Mark E. Solak, and Theodore S. Karacostas THE USE OF BIPLOTS TO EVALUATE SPATIAL EFFECTS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION .............................................. 64

K. Ruben Gabriel and Division of Biostatistics, Univ. of Rochester APPLICATION OF CONTACT-FREEZING NUCLEI IN CONVECTIVE CLOUD SEEDING...................................................... 70

N. Fukuta PRECIPITATION GAUGE SITING FOR EVALUATION OF AN OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN THE CENTRAL ROCKY MOUNTAINS ............................................................................... 75 Gerard E. Klazura, Arlin B. Super, and Jonnie G. Medina

THE OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS OF HAILPADS USING A COMPUTERIZED VIDEO SCANNING SYSTEM ............................. 81 Thomas J. Henderson and Rand B. Allan

MIDWESTERN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS: A REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 87 Bernice Ackerman and Nancy E. Westcott

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF RADAR FIRST ECHOES IN THE HIGH PLAINS .................................................................. 95 James R. Miller, Jr., and Paul L. Smith

WINTERTIME CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER OVER THE GRAND MESA OF WESTERN COLORADO .................................................................................................................................................................................. 102 Bruce A. Boe and Arlin B. Super

AIRCRAFT PENETRATIONS OF SWISS HAILSTORMS -- AN UPDATE ................................................................................. 108 Dennis J. Musil and Paul L. Smith

THE THEMATIC DIMENSION IN WEATHER MODIFICATION, PAST AND FUTURE ............................................................. 112 Wallace E. Howell

COMMENTS ON TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN WEATHER MODIFICATION ....................................................................... 117 Thomas J. Henderson

WEATHER MODIFICATION, DROUGHT, AND PUBLIC POLICY: A CASE HISTORY ............................................................ 119 W. Henry Lambright, Susan E. Sheehan

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - HOW CALIFORNIA HANDLED TWO WEATHER MODIFICATION PERMIT APPLICATIONS FROM NEVADA,

AN ADJOINING STATE ................................................................................................................................................................ 127 Maurice Roos

PRELIMINARY DATA ON REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S. FOR CY 1985..................... 129 Harold A. Corzine

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - UNITED STATES AND CANADA ................................................................................... 131 AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 134

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................... 139

WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT ........................................................................................................... 141


WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC. STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ................. 143



WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ................................................................................... 148 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................. 149




JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 20 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 158 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1 THROUGH VOL. 18, NO. 1 ........................................ 159

HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 18, NO. 1 ............ 177

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1986/87 .................................... 180



Number 1 April 1987


PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v Barbara C. Welles

THE G.E. RESEARCH TEAM – 40TH ANNIVERSARY .............................................................................................................. vi

- REVIEWED SECTION - THE RISE AND FALL OF FEDERAL WEATHER MODIFICATION POLICY ............................................................................. 1

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr., W. Henry Lambright WEATHER MODIFICATION IN ALBERTA .................................................................................................................................. 13

R.G. Humphries, M. English, J. Renick THREE RAINFALL AUGMENTATION PROGRAMS IN TEXAS................................................................................................. 25

Don A. Griffith AN EVALUATION OF A WEST TEXAS CLOUD-SEEDING PROGRAM ................................................................................... 30 Robert F. Riggio

WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING OVER THE KERN RIVER BASIN IN CALIFORNIA ........................................... 36 M.E. Solak, T.J. Henderson, R.B. Allan, and D.W. Duckering

WINTER OROGRAPHIC SEEDING OVER THE KAWEAH RIVER BASIN IN CALIFORNIA ................................................... 41 M.E. Solak, T.J. Henderson, R.B. Allan, D.W. Duckering

RESULTS OF HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFORTS IN NORTH DAKOTA AS SHOWN BY CROP HAIL INSURANCE DATA.... 45 James R. Miller, Jr., Michael J. Fuhs

SOME HISTORIC OPERATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAMS DATING TO 1957 .................................................... 50 Thomas J. Henderson

FURTHER RESULTS ON NUMERICAL CLOUD SEEDING SIMULATIONS OF STRATIFORM-TYPE CLOUDS ................. 57 Harold D. Orville, John H. Hirsch, Richard D. Farley


NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT IN STRATIFORM CLOUD ............................................. 62

Hu Zhijin, Yan Caifan, Qin Yu, Wang Yu bin CLIMATIC TRENDS OF SIERRA NEVADA CLOUD SEEDING POTENTIAL ........................................................................... 67

Thomas F. Lee FEATHER RIVER BASIN CLOUD SEEDING FEASIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 73

H. Robert Swart, Don A. Griffith, E. Bruce Jones DESIGN OF THE 1986 ILLINOIS WEATHER MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT ........................................................................ 77

S. A. Changnon, Jr. and F.A. Huff SUMMARY OF SEVERAL RADAR ECHO STUDIES FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION APPLICATION IN ILLINOIS .......... 82

Floyd A. Huff WINTERTIME SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER FLUX OVER THE GRAND MESA, COLORADO ....................................... 92

John R. Thompson and Arlin B. Super THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF DRY ICE, SOLID CO2 ..................................................................................................... 99

Norihiko Fukuta FOUR DECADES OF AMERICAN WEATHER MODIFICATION LAW ...................................................................................... 102


SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM CLOUD SEEDING RESEARCH IN ZIMBABWE ................................................................. 107 J.E. Stevens

A GENEROUS HELPING OF CROW .......................................................................................................................................... 109 Ray Jay Davis

NOTEWORTHY ADDITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 110 HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 111

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - U.S. AND CANADA ......................................................................................................... 112

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WMA ............................................................................................................................. 115 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WMA ...................................................................................................................... 120


WMA STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ...................................................................... 124 THE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE WMA ................................................................................................................... 126

Edward E. Hindman QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ...................................................................... 127



WMA AWARDS - INTERNATIONAL AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD................................................................................................................................................................ 132

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 134 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................... 139


HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 19, NO. 1 ....................................... 141 HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1 THROUGH VOL. 19, NO. 1 ............. 160


JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1987/88 .................................... 163

ADVERTISEMENTS



Number 1 April 1988


MEMORIAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................. ii-ix THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... x


WINTERTIME CLOUD LIQUID WATER OBSERVATIONS OVER THE MOGOLLON RIM OF ARIZONA .............................. 1 Arlin B. Super and Bruce A. Boe

GROUND-BASED SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER MEASUREMENTS IN WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS ................ 9 Mark E. Solak, Rand B. Allan and Thomas J. Henderson

THE BRIDGER RANGE, MONTANA, 1986-1987 SNOW PACK AUGMENTATION PROGRAM ............................................. 19 James A. Heimbach, Jr. and Arlin B. Super

SEEDING PATH AND THE SEEDING START TIME FOR THE HAIL SUPPRESSION ROCKETS ........................................ 27 Nenad M. Aleksic and Zlato Vukovic

SOME RESULTS RELATED TO THE SUPPRESSION HAIL PROJECT IN ALBACETE ......................................................... 31 J.L. Sanchez, M.L. Sanchez, A. Castro and M.C. Ramos

RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF WINTERTIME MOUNTAIN CLOUDS OVER COLORADO AND UTAH .................................. 37 Lewis O. Grant and Robert M. Rauber

COMPARISONS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF AgI-TYPE ICE NUCLEATING AEROSOLS IN LABORATORY-SIMULATED CLOUDS ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Paul J. DeMott

RAPID ICE NUCLEATION BY ACETONE-SILVER IODIDE GENERATOR AEROSOLS ......................................................... 51 William G. Finnegan and Richard L. Pitter

FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF ICE CRYSTAL FORMATION IN CLOUDS AT WARM TEMPERATURES................................. 54 Richard L. Pitter and William G. Finnegan

USE OF UNIQUE FIELD FACILITIES TO SIMULATE EFFECTS OF ENHANCED RAINFALL ON CROP PRODUCTION ... 60 Stanley A. Changnon and Steven E. Hollinger

EFFECTS OF ADDED SUMMER RAINFALL ON THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE OF MIDWESTERN WATERSHEDS ............ 67 H. Vernon Knapp, Ali Durgunglu and Stanley A. Changnon

A PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT IN SIMULATING THE DISPERSION OF SF6 ................................................. 75 Fred J. Kopp

THE JUNE 1972 BLACK HILLS FLOOD AND THE LAW ........................................................................................................... 82 Ray Jay Davis

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - REPORTED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATIONS IN THE U.S. .................................................................................... 88

CALIFORNIA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS 1987-88 .............................................................................................. 92

NOTEWORTHY ADDITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 93 HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 95

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - UNITED STATES AND CANADA ................................................................................... 97


AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 101

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................... 106 WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT ........................................................................................................... 108

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC. STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ................. 110

THE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ................................................... 112 Edward E. Hindman

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...... 113 WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS - WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............ 115

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 116

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................. 117 WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD... 118

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 120

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................... 125 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 22 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 126

SPECIAL OFFER ON PAST JOURNAL ISSUES ........................................................................................................................ 128

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 20, NO. 1 ....................................... 128 HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 20, NO. 1 ............ 148

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMA-TION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1988/89 .................................. 151

ADVERTISEMENTS



TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

- REVIEWED SECTION - A NOTE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR SEEDING FIRE-INDUCED CONVECTIVE CLOUDS ..................................................... 1

Edmond W. Holroyd III and Arlin B. Super THE NUMERICAL MODELING OF ICE-PHASE CLOUD SEEDING EFFECTS IN A WARM-BASE CLOUD:

PRELIMINARY RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 H.D. Orville, F.J. Kopp, R.D. Farley, and R.B. Hoffman

PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SNOWMAXTM SNOW INDUCER, PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE, AS AN ARTIFICIAL ICE NUCLEUS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION ..................................................................................... 9 Patrick J. Ward and Paul J. DeMott

EVALUATION OF A 2-MONTH COOPERATIVE GROUND-BASED SILVER IODIDE SEEDING PROGRAM ....................... 14 David W. Reynolds, James H. Humphries and Richard H. Stone

DESIGN OF A GROUND BASED SNOWPACK ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM USING LIQUID PROPANE ........................... 29 David W. Reynolds


TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER DURING WINTER STORMS OVER THE MOGOLLON RIM OF ARIZONA ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Arlin B. Super and Edmond W. Holroyd III

AN EFFICIENT, FAST FUNCTIONING NUCLEATING AGENT - AgIAgCl-4NaCl ................................................................... 41

Feng Daxiong and William G. Finnegan

OBSERVATIONS OF LIQUID WATER PERSISTENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ICE IN OKLAHOMA CONVECTIVE CLOUDS ............................................................................................................................................................... 46

Michael R. Poellot and John C. Pflaum PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF A DYNAMIC SEEDING STRATEGY FOR OKLAHOMA CONVECTIVE CLOUDS ... 54

John C. Pflaum, Howard L. Johnson, and Michael R. Poellot PROJECTION ONTO GROUND RAINFALL DISTRIBUTIONS OF EFFECTS OF SEEDING CONVECTIVE CLOUDCELLS 62

Arie Ben-Zvi HAIL GROWTH PROCESSES IN AN ALBERTA HAILSTORM.................................................................................................. 65

Dennis J. Musil and Paul L. Smith ON THE OPTIMAL LENGTH OF THE HAIL SUPPRESSION SEASON .................................................................................... 73

N.M. Aleksic, N. Djordjevic and J. Malisic EFFECTIVENESS OF HAIL CONTROL IN SERBIA ................................................................................................................... 75

Djuro Radinovic RECENT PROGRESS AND NEEDS IN OBTAINING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION

POTENTIALS AND EFFECTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 Roger F. Reinking and Rebecca J. Meitin

PAWS RESTRUCTURED ............................................................................................................................................................. 94 R.C. Grosh

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - CALIFORNIA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS 1988-89 .............................................................................................. 100

HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 101

WEATHER MODIFICATION LAWS - UNITED STATES AND CANADA ................................................................................... 103 AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 107


WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT ........................................................................................................... 115 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC. STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ................. 117


WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS - WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............ 121 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 122

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................. 123 WMA AWARDS - SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD... 124

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS.................................................................................................. 126

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................... 131 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 23 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................ 132

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1., NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 21, NO. 1 ...................................... 133

HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 21, NO. 1 ............ 154 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1989/90 .................................... 158


ADVERTISEMENTS


VOLUME 22


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... v

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... vi THE PATRICK SQUIRES LIBRARY OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES ...................................................................................... vii


RADAR RESULTS OF THE 1986 EXPLORATORY FIELD PROGRAM RELATING TO THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PACE .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Nancy Westcott

A HIGH ALTITUDE GROUND-BASED CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED IN SOUTHERN UTAH ................. 18 Arlen W. Huggins and Ken Sassen

RESULTS OF OPERATIONAL SEEDING OVER THE WATERSHED OF SAN ANGELO, TEXAS ......................................... 30 William L. Woodley and Mark E. Solak

AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS OF A SUMMERTIME, GROUND-BASED TRACER GAS RELEASE ...................................... 43 Don A. Griffith, George W. Wilkerson,

and Dan A. Risch A STUDY OF RADAR ECHO CLUSTERS OVER SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA .................................................................... 49

L. Ronald Johnson and Mark R. Hjelmfelt CROP YIELD RESULTS FROM SIMULATED RAIN APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURAL PLOTS IN ILLINOIS ................. 58

Stanley A. Changnon and Steven E. Hollinger ICE CRYSTAL BREEDING........................................................................................................................................................... 63

Richard L. Pitter and William G. Finnegan SOME COMMENTS ON THE GROSSVERSUCH IV HAIL SUPPRESSION EXPERIMENT.................................................... 69

Djuro Radinovic THE APPLICATION OF GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR DECISION-MAKING IN CONVECTIVE

CLOUD SEEDING IN NORTH DAKOTA ..................................................................................................................................... 73 Bruce A. Boe and James A. Jung

ONE EVIDENCE OF THE HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFICIENCY DERIVED FROM RADAR MEASUREMENTS ..................... 79 Mladjen Curic

ON THE DAMAGE REDUCTION IN BULGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECTS ............................ 82 Marko Tamas and Petio Simeonov

DENSITY OF HAIL SUPPRESSION ROCKET NETWORK........................................................................................................ 90 Zlatko Vukovic and Nenad Aleksic

A SOURCE OF DATA FOR HAIL SUPPRESSION STUDIES .................................................................................................... 94 Roger K. Sandness

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STORMS LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE EBRO VALLEY (SPAIN): PREPARATION FOR A NEW STAGE OF HAIL SUPPRESSION .............................................................................................. 98 J.L. Sanchez and A. Castro

WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING STATUS IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST ...................................................... 106 Arlin B. Super

SEEDING SUMMERTIME CONVECTIVE CLOUDS TO INCREASE BLACK HILLS RAINFALL ............................................. 117 A.S. Dennis


ATMOSPHERIC TESTS OF AN ORGANIC NUCLEANT IN A SUPERCOOLED FOG ............................................................. 27

William A. Woodley and Thomas J. Henderson SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF AERIALLY-RELEASED AgI PLUMES IN ALBERTA ............................................................. 33

James A. Heimbach, Jr. THE USES OF CLOUD MODELS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION ............................................................................................ 37

Harold D. Orville A STATE PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEATHER MODIFICATION: THE CASE OF ILLINOIS ................ 143

W. Henry Lambright


TIME FOR A CHANGE ................................................................................................................................................................. 152 Vincent J. Schaefer

PRELIMINARY FIELD EXPERIMENTS OF SNOMAX

TM ON CUMULUS MEDIOCRIS CLOUDS TO ARTIFICIALLY

INDUCE THE PRODUCTION OF ICE PARTICLES .................................................................................................................... 153

James A. Jung and Snomax Technologies A REPORT ON THE CONFERENCE ON THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CLOUD SEEDING IN

THE BLACK HILLS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Harold D. Orville

CALIFORNIA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROJECTS 1989-90 .............................................................................................. 63 A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1988

WITH TRENDS FROM 1978 ........................................................................................................................................................ 164 CURRENT AMERICAN AND CANADIAN WEATHER MODIFICATION REGULATION ........................................................... 68

LETTER - JIM WILSON TO V. SCHAEFER - 1951 ..................................................................................................................... 172

C.W. POST ARTICLE IN HARPER’S WEEKLY FEB. 1912 ........................................................................................................ 174 HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 175

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC. ........................................................................ 77

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOC................................................................... 84 WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT ........................................................................................................... 87

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WMA OPERATORS ...... 188

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ...................................................................... 90 WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS, WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............. 192


WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................. 94 WMA AWARDS - THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD... 195

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................. 197

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 24 AVAILABLE Publications ............................................................................... 203 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 22, NO. 1 ....................................... 205

HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 22, NO. 1 ............ 227

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 1990/91 .................................... 231 ADVERTISEMENTS




TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... v

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... vi

EDITOR’S NOTE – A FAREWELL ............................................................................................................................................... vii Thomas J. Henderson

EULOGY: DR. PATRICK SQUIRES (1914-1990) ....................................................................................................................... viii


A PRELIMINARY APPRAISAL OF THE NATURAL STRUCTURE AND SEEDABILITY OF UPDRAFTS IN MIDWESTERN CUMULUS AT THE –10°C LEVEL .................................................................................................................... 1

Robert R. Czys THE SIMULATION OF CLOUD SEEDING EFFECTS USING NUMERICAL CLOUD MODELS .............................................. 17

Harold D. Orville, Richard D. Farley, and Fred J. Kopp A WINTER CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM IN UTAH ................................................................................................................. 27

Don A. Griffith, John R. Thompson and Dan A. Risch A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFORTS IN SOUTH DAKOTA USING

CROP-HAIL INSURANCE DATA ................................................................................................................................................. 35 Roger K. Sandness

SEASONAL PRECIPITATION EFFECTS OF HAIL SUPPRESSION IN SERBIA ..................................................................... 43 Nenad Aleksic and Elvira Brankov

RESP0NSE OF CORN YIELD COMPONENTS TO SIMULATED PRECIPITATION AUGMENTATION ................................. 45 Steven E. Hollinger and Stanley A. Changnon

DESIGN AND FIELD TESTING OF A REMOTE GROUND-BASED LIQUID PROPANE DISPENSER ................................... 49 David W. Reynolds

CLOUD MERGING AND SEEDING EFFICIENCY ...................................................................................................................... 54 R.C.Grosh

A NETWORK OF HAILPADS IN SPAIN ...................................................................................................................................... 56 Roberto Fraile, Jose L. Sanchez Jose L. de la Madrid, Amaya Castro

BLACK CLOUDS AND SILVER IODIDE: PUBLIC SAFETY AND WEATHER MODIFICATION LAW...................................... 63 Ray Jay Davis

- IN RETROSPECT - EARLY DISCOVERIES ................................................................................................................................................................. 67

Vincent J. Schaefer A FEW THOUGHTS ON “THE BEGINNING” .............................................................................................................................. 68

William A. “Bill” Lang INCREASED INTEREST IN WEATHER MODIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 69

Thomas J. Henderson FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN WEATHER MODIFICATION DURING THE 1954-1955 SEASON ...................................... 72

RETROSPECTIVE THOUGHTS ON THE WMA AND THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................... 74 Robert D. Elliott

WEATHER MODIFICATION REMEMBRANCES ........................................................................................................................ 76 Lewis O. Grant


HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 77

Assembled by Thomas J. Henderson


TEACHING WEATHER MODIFICATION IN LOWER DIVISION UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE CLASSES .................................... 83 John James

THE YEAR 2031 – A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE – WEATHER MODIFICATION AND THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION 40 YEARS NOW FROM .................................................................................................................................... 86

John James THE MASTER RAINMAKER – DONALD DUCK STORY ........................................................................................................... 90

Edward Hindman A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1989 ............ 101

William H. Blackmore III and Shawn P. Bennett CLOUD SEEDING IN CALIFORNIA............................................................................................................................................. 104

CURRENT AMERICAN AND CANADIAN WEATHER MODIFICATION REGULATION ........................................................... 105

AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ............................................................. 109 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................... 116


STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSN. OPERATORS .............................. 120 QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION BY THE WMA ...................................................................... 122

WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS AND MANAGERS, WMA HONORARY MEMBERS ............. 124

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 125 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION LIST OF PAST OFFICERS ................................................................................. 126

WMA AWARDS – THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD .. 127

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................... 129 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 25 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 135

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 23, NO. 1 ....................................... 137

HISTORIC AUTHOR INDEX FOR ALL PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM, VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 23, NO. 1 ........... 160 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1991/92 ................................... 164

ADVERTISEMENTS



Number 1 April 1992


PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE/EDITOR’S MESSAGE ...................................................................................................................... v

- REVIEWED SECTION - OBJECTIVE FORECASTING OF SOME INDIVIDUAL CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS IN THE 1989 ILLINOIS

CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Robert W. Scott and Robert R. Czys


INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE 1989 CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN ILLINOIS ............................................................. 13 Robert R. Czys, Stanley A. Changnon, Mary Schoen Petersen, Robert W. Scott and Nancy E. Westcott

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TARGETING OF GROUND-RELEASED SILVER IODIDE IN UTAH. PART I: GROUND OBSERVATIONS OF SILVER-IN-SNOW AND ICE NUCLEI ..................................................................................................... 19

Arlin Super and Arlen W. Huggins INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TARGETING OF GROUND-RELEASED SILVER IODIDE IN UTAH.

PART II: AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Arlin Super and Arlen W. Huggins

OBSERVATIONS OF GROUND RELEASED SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE TRACER GAS PLUMES IN TWO UTAH WINTER STORMS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49 Don A. Griffith, George W. Wilkerson, William J. Hauze and Dan A. Risch

ON THE CLOUD SEEDING POTENTIAL OF THE BLACK HILLS ............................................................................................. 66 Harold D. Orville and James R. Miller

OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF ICE IN CLOUDS .................................................................................................................. 80 P. Pilewskie and S. Twomey

MODEL SIMULATION OF SEEDING REPEAT RATES FOR DIRECT INJECTION SEEDING BY ROCKETS ...................... 84 Nenad Aleksic, Bosko Telenta and S. Petkovic

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VISUAL APPEARANCES OF THAI SUPERCOOLED CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AND THEIR MAXIMUM CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 89

William L. Woodley and Jiemjai Kreasuwun A TARGET-CONTROL ANALYSIS OF WHEAT YIELD DATA FOR THE NORTH DAKOTA CLOUD MODIFICATION

PROJECT REGION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Paul L. Smith, L. Ronald Johnson, David L. Priegnitz and Paul W. Mielke, Jr.

LIMITS ON GLOBAL WARMING.................................................................................................................................................. 106 A.S. Dennis

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - WHERE DOES WEATHER MODIFICATION FIT WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES? ............................................... 118

Stanley A. Changnon WEATHER MODIFICATION LAW AS A PROTOTYPE FOR LEGAL CONTROL OF INADVERTENT WEATHER

AND CLIMATE CHANGE ............................................................................................................................................................. 122 Ray Jay Davis

LEGAL REGULATION OF WEATHER MODIFICATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA ........................................ 126 A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1990 ............ 130

William H. Blackmore III

-WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION-

-GENERAL INFORMATION- ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION – WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................. 132

WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT – WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .............................. 135 STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS – WEATHER

MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION .................................................................................................................................................. 136 QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION – WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ................. 138

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS ..................................................................................................................................................... 140

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES – 1991-92 ...................................................... 141

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION AWARDS ............................................................................................................. 142 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION – INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS .................................................................................. 144


WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION – CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................... 149

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 27 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 150 SPECIAL OFFER ON PAST JOURNAL ISSUES ........................................................................................................................ 153

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 1, NO. 1, THROUGH VOL. 24, NO. 1 ....................................... 153

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1992/93 ................................... 158 ADVERTISEMENTS

-

-THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION

VOLUME 25


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE/EDITOR’S MESSAGE ...................................................................................................................... v NOTES FROM THE WILBUR E. BREWER APPRECIATION/RETIREMENT DINNER ............................................................ vi

WMO STATEMENT ON THE STATUS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION .................................................................................. 1

PLANNED AND INADVERTENT WEATHER MODIFICATION .................................................................................................. 7 WEATHER MODIFICATION CAPABILITY STATEMENT ........................................................................................................... 11


EVALUATION OF ECHO CORE RESPONSES IN THE 1989 ILLINOIS EXPLORATORY CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT USING A SEEDABILITY INDEX .......................................................................................................................... 12 Robert R. Czys, Stanley A. Changnon, Nancy E. Westcott, Mary Schoen Petersen and Robert W. Scott

RESULTS OF THE 1989 EXPLORATORY CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN ILLINOIS BASED ON SYNOPTIC WEATHER CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 26

N.E. Westcott, S.A. Changnon, Jr., R.R. Czys, R.W. Scott and M.S. Petersen NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE CLOUD SEEDING OF A WARM BASE ILLINOIS CONVECTIVE CLOUD

WITH AND WITHOUT ICE MULTIPLICATION ACTIVE ............................................................................................................. 50 Harold D. Orville, Fred J. Kopp, Richard D. Farley, and Robert R. Czys

AN EVALUATION OF HAIL SUPPRESSION CLOUD SEEDING EFFECTS ON FREQUENCIES OF WEATHER PHENOMENA IN SERBIA ........................................................................................................................................ 57 Djuro Radinovic

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF INCREASED RUNOFF FROM ADDITIONAL HIGH ELEVATION SNOWFALL IN THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN............................................................................................................................... 74

Arlin B. Super and Jack T. McPartland RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STORM TOTAL SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER FLUX AND PRECIPITATION ON FOUR MOUNTAIN BARRIERS................................................................................................................................................................ 82

Arlin B. Super and Arlen W. Huggins THE AFTERMATH OF THE 1972 RAPID CITY FLOOD ............................................................................................................. 93

Arnett S. Dennis


DESCRIPTION OF FIRST NATIONAL RAIN ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (FINREP) IN ISTANBUL ...................................... 104 Ismail Gultepe

A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1991 ............ 107 William H. Blackmore III


-WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION- -GENERAL INFORMATION-


STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS ......................................... 112 QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 114

WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS......................... 116

WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 117 WMA AWARDS – THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD .. 118

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................... 120

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 27 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 126 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION

VOL. 19, NO. 1, (Apr 1987) THROUGH VOL. 24, NO. 1 (Apr 1992) .......................................................................................... 128 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1993/94 ................................... 135

ADVERTISEMENTS



Number 1 April 1994


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... v PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... vi

VINCENT J. SCHAEFER – A REMEMBRANCE ......................................................................................................................... vii

- REVIEWED SECTION - APPLICATIONS OF THE CLARK MODEL TO WINTER STORMS OVER THE WASATCH PLATEAU .................................. 1

James A. Heimbach, Jr., and William D. Hall FURTHER ANALYSIS OF A SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION PROGRAM USING LIQUID PROPANE .................................. 12

David W. Reynolds IMPLICATIONS OF EARLY 1991 OBSERVATIONS OS SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER, PRECIPITATION AND

SILVER IODIDE ON UTAH’S WASATCH PLATEAU .................................................................................................................. 19 Arlin B. Super

ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE AgI ICE NUCLEI BY TWO METHODS COMPARED WITH MEASURED ICE PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS IN SEEDED OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS ..................................................................................................... 33 Arlin B. Super and Edmond W. Holroyd III

A REVIEW OF HYGROSCOPIC SEEDING EXPERIMENTS TO ENHANCE RAINFALL ......................................................... 41 Robert R. Czys and Roelof Bruintjes

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE 1984-1988 SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN NORTHERN GREECE ................................ 53 R.C. Rudolph, C.M. Sackiw and G.T. Riley

TESTING OF DYNAMIC COLD-CLOUD SEEDING CONCEPTS IN THAILAND. PART 1: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 61

William L. Woodley, Daniel Rosenfeld, Warawut Khantiyanan, Wathana, Sukarnjanaset, Prinya Sudhikoses and Ronit Nirel

TESTING OF DYNAMIC COLD-CLOUD SEEDING CONCEPTS IN THAILAND. PART II: RESULTS OF ANALYSES ......... 72 Daniel Rosenfeld, William L. Woodley, Warawut Khantiyanan, Wathana, Sukarnjanaset, Prinya Sudhikoses and Ronit Nirel


CRITERIA TO INSTALL AND TO MAKE USE OF A REMOTE GROUND GENERATOR NETWORK IN LEON (SPAIN) ...... 83

J.L. Sanchez, A. Castro, J.L. Marcos, M.T. De la Fuente and R. Fraile INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ICE NUCLEI FROM A CEMENT PLANT ON DOWNWIND PRECIPITATION

IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA ............................................................................................................................................................ 89 Daryl V. O’Dowd

ATMOSPHERIC FEATURES OF HAIL PERIODS IN SERBIA ................................................................................................... 98 Djuro Radinovic

THE NORTH DAKOTA TRACER EXPERIMENT: TRACER APPLICATIONS IN A COOPERATIVE THUNDERSTORM RESEARCH PROGRAM .............................................................................................................................................................. 102 Bruce A. Boe

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CLOUD SEEDING USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CLOUD MODEL ............................... 113 Richard D. Farley, Phuong Nguyen and Harold D. Orville

COMPARISON OF CLOUD TOWER AND UPDRAFT RADII WITH THEIR INTERNAL TEMPERATURE EXCESSES RELATIVE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 125

William L. Woodley, Eyal Amitai and Daniel Rosenfeld


A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1992 ............ 129 William H. Blackmore II

TWO SCHAEFER PHOTOS BY WARD – “WARD REMEMBERS” ............................................................................................ 131

- WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - GENERAL INFORMATION

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................... 133 STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS .......................................... 136

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURESFOR CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................... 138

WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS......................... 140 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 141


WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS .................................................................. 144 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 28 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ...................................................................... 150

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN JWM VOL. 20, NO. 1 (Apr 1988) THROUGH VOL. 26, NO. 1 (Apr 1993) . 152

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1994/95 ................................... 159 AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 160

ADVERTISEMENTS



Number 1 April 1995


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... vii

George Bomar and James R. Miller IN MEMORY OF LAWRENCE “BUD” YOUNGREN .................................................................................................................... ix


- REVIEWED SECTION –

- COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE ICE NUCLEUS ABILITY OF AgI AEROSOLS BY THREE METHODS... 1

ON THE CONSUMPTION OF AgI SEEDING AGENT: DEPENDENCE OF THE LIQUID WATER CONTENT IN THE SEEDING ZONE ................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Mladjen Curic and Dejan Janc

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF HAIL SUPPRESSION FOR AGRICULTURE IN GREECE....................... 21 N.R. Dalezios and S.I. Spanos

OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL SIMULATION OF AgI SEEDING WITH A WINTER STORM OVER UTAH’S WASATCH PLATEAU ................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Edmond W. Holroyd III, James A. Heimbach and Arlin B. Super CASE STUDIES OF MICROPHYSICAL RESPONSES TO VALLEY-RELEASED OPERATIONAL AgI SEEDING OF

THE WASATCH PLATEAU, UTAH .............................................................................................................................................. 57 Arlin B. Super

A STATUS REPORT ON LIQUID PROPANE DISPENSER TESTING IN UTAH WITH EMPHASIS ON A FULLY-AUTOMATED SEEDING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 84 Arlin B. Super, Erick Faatz, Arlen J. Hilton, V. Clark Ogden and Roger D. Hansen


CLOUD SEEDING AND ATMOSPHERIC TRACER PROGRAM CONDUCTED IN THE TSENGWEN RESERVOIR AREA OF TAIWAN DURING THE 1992 MEI-YU SEASON ........................................................................................................ 94 Jack Ming-Sen Lin and Paul Tai-Kuang Chiou, Don A. Griffith, George W. Wilkerson and Mark E. Solak

THE NOAA ATMOSPHERIC MODIFICATION PROGRAM – A 1995 UPDATE ........................................................................ 99 Joseph H. Golden

A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1993 ............ 110 Joseph H. Golden

- WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION -

GENERAL INFORMATION


STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS .......................................... 116 QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 118




HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION, VOL. 22, NO. 1

(Apr 1990) THROUGH VOL. 26, NO. 1 (Apr 1994) ..................................................................................................................... 132

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1995/96 ................................... 138

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 139 ADVERTISEMENTS

TO COMMEMORATE THE RETIREMENT OF RAY JAY DAVIS (The end of the “tale: - or “trail” – or is it a new beginning??)




Number 1 April 1996


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ................................................................................................................................................ iv

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE AND EDITOR’S MESSAGE ............................................................................................................. v Robert Czys and James R. Miller

- REVIEWED SECTION - HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION WITH ELLIPTICAL POLARIZATION RADAR: APPLICATIONS FOR

GLACIOGENIC CLOUD SEEDING .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Roger F. Reinking, Sergey Y. Matrosov, and Roelof T. Bruintjes

THE ASSESSMENT OF SNOWPACK ENHANCEMENT BY SILVER IODIDE CLOUD-SEEDING USING THE PHYSICS .. 19 Joseph A. Warburton, Steven K. Chai, Richard H. Stone and Lawrence G. Young

EVIDENCE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF HYGROSCOPIC COLLECTOR EMBRYOS ................................................................ 29 Albert H. Schnell and Wallace E. Howell

DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED CRITERIA FOR HAIL SUPPRESSION SEEDING IN SERBIA ........................................... 35 D. Radinovic and D. Banjevic

CALIFORNIA CLOUD SEEDING AND IDAHO PRECIPITATION .............................................................................................. 39 J.G. MacCracken and J. O’Laughlin

VARIATIONS IN CONTRAIL MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP TO ATMOSPHERIC .................................................... 50 David J. Travis

CLIMATOLOGICAL AND MICROPHYSICAL CLOUD FEATURES TOWARDS RAIN ENHANCEMENT FOR AGRICULTURE IN GREECE ....................................................................................................................................................... 59 N.R. Dalezios, S.I. Spanos, N. Papamanolis, and T.W. Krauss

SOME POTENTIAL ERRORS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF HAIL SWATHS AND SEEDED STORMS ................................ 75 Jose L. Sanchez, Roberto Fraile, Amaya Castro, Maria T. de la Fuente and Jose L. Marcos


CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF THE ISRAELI WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ...................................................... 83 Arnett S. Dennis

IMPLICATIONS FROM THE NORTH DAKOTA TRACER EXPERIMENT OF 1993 FOR THE GLACIOGENIC SEEDING OF SUPERCOOLED CONVECTIVE CLOUDS TO SUPPRESS HAIL ..................................................................... 86 Mark Bloomer and Andrew G. Detwiler


GENERAL INFORMATION


QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 97





HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION,

VOL 23, NO. 1 (Apr 1991) THROUGH VOL 27, NO. 1 (Apr 1995) ............................................................................................. 112 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1996/97 ................................... 118

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 119

ADVERTISEMENTS




THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... v

Dennis Sundie and James R. Miller IN MEMORIUM – Dr. Bernard Vonnegut ..................................................................................................................................... vi


SOME PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF AgI AND LIQUID PROPANE SEEDING EFFECTS ON UTAH’S WASATCH PLATEAU . 8 Arlin B. Super and Edmond W. Holrody, III

MODELING AND OBSERVATION OF VALLEY – RELEASED SILVER IODIDE DURING A STABLE WINTER STORM OVER THE WASATCH PLATEAU OF UTAH.............................................................................................................................. 33 James A. Heimbach, Jr., William D. Hall, and Arlin B. Super

NEW ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS FROM TEN WINTER SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION PROJECTS. 42 Thomas J. Henderson

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CLOUD SEEDING EFFECTS DURING A FOUR-DAY STORM PERIOD ............................. 49 Richard D. Farley, Dale L. Hjermstad, and Harold D. Orville

CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TEXAS COLD-CLOUD CONCEPTUAL SEEDING MODEL ........................................................................................................................................................................ 56

Daniel Rosenfeld and William L. Woodley THE INFLUENCE OF CLOUD DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON SIMULATED SEEDING EFFECTS OF

HAIL-BEARING CLOUD ............................................................................................................................................................... 70 M. Curic, D. Janc and V. Vuckovic

EVIDENCE OF JET CONTRAIL INFLUENCES ON REGIONAL-SCALE DIURNAL TEMPERATURE RANGE ...................... 74 David J. Travis and Stanley A. Changnon

THE USE OF CAPACITANCE TO DETECT ICING .................................................................................................................... 84 Don Cripps and Ben Abbott


AN APPLICATION OF HYCROSCOPIC FLARES – A SINGLE CASE STUDY ........................................................................ 90 Thomas J. Henderson, James M. Wood, and David L. Newsom

AN UPDATE ON A WINTER CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM IN UTAH ..................................................................................... 95 Don A. Griffith, John R. Thompson, Dan A. Risch, and Mark E. Solak

THE NEW ALBERTA HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECT ............................................................................................................. 100 Terry W. Krauss and Jim Renick

AN OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITIES ON CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN KOREA ....................................................... 106 Sung-Gil Hong and Won-Geun Eom


THE 1996-97 OKLAHOMA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ....................................................................................... 108 Brian R. Vance and Michael E. Mathis

HISTORIC QUOTATIONS ON EVALUATIONS OF CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAMS .............................................................. 114 Thomas Henderson


GENERAL INFORMATION


STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS .......................................... 123 QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 125




JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 31 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 136 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION,

VOL 24, NO. 1 (Apr 1992) THROUGH VOL 28, NO. 1 (Apr 1996) ............................................................................................. 138 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1997/98 ................................... 143

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 144

ADVERTISEMENTS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION…..Inside back cover




PRESIDENT’S MESSSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE ............................................................................................................ v Richard Stone and James R. Miller

IN MEMORIAM – GRAEME MATHER – 1934-1997 ................................................................................................................... vi Paul L. Smith


A SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT OF HYGROSCOPIC SEEDING ....................................................................................................... 7

Harold D. Orville, Chengshu Wang, and Fred J. Kopp KEY VARIABLES TO ASSESS SEEDING OPERATIONS ON THE GREEK NATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM 22

Michalis V. Sioutas and Randy C. Rudolph FORMATION OF DROPLETS IN A MARINE STRATOCUMULUS LAYER CONTAINING A SHIP-PLUME ........................... 30

Edward E. Hindman MODELING OF AgI TARGETING EFFECTIVENESS FOR FIVE GENERALIZED WEATHER CLASSES IN UTAH .............. 35

James A. Heimbach, Jr., Arlin B. Super and William D. Hall EXPERIMENTS WITH PULSED SEEDING BY AgI AND LIQUID PROPANE IN SLIGHTLY SUPERCOOLED WINTER

OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS OVER UTAH’S WASATCH PLATEAU .............................................................................................. 51 Edmond W. Holroyd III and Arlin B. Super



HAIL SUPPRESSION IN MENDOZA (ARGENTINA) .................................................................................................................. 79 J.L. Sanchez, J. Dessens, Leonid Dinevich, Petio Simeonov

AN UPDATE ON THE NORTH DAKOTA CLOUD MODIFICATION PROJECT ........................................................................ 85 Darin W. Langerud and Paul T. Moen




MA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS ............................ 98 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ........................................................................ 99



HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION,

VOL 1, NO. 1 (March 1969) THROUGH VOL 29, NO. 1 (Apr 1997) .......................................................................................... 111

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1998/99 ................................... 143

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 149 ADVERTISEMENTS

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION…Inside Back Cover


VOLUME 31



PRESIDENT’S MESSSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE ............................................................................................................ v Roger Reinking and James R. Miller

IN MEMORIAM – CLEMENT TODD ............................................................................................................................................ vii Reprinted with permission from the American Meteorological Society

- REVIEWED SECTION - THE TEXAS WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM: OBJECTIVES, APPROACH AND PROGRESS ................................ 9

George A. Bomar, William L. Woodley, and Dale L. Bates SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONAL AgI AND HYGROSCOPIC FLARE SEEDING IN TEXAS: RATIONALE AND

RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 William L. Woodley and Daniel Rosenfeld

COMPARISON OF RADAR-DERIVED PROPERTIES OF TEXAS CLOUDS RECEIVING ONE OF THREE TRETMENTS: AgI EJECTABLE FLARES OR HYGROSCOPIC FLARES OR NO SEEDING .................................................. 29 William L. Woodley and Daniel Rosenfeld

COALESCENCE ACTIVITY IN TEXAS CLOUDS: THE INDEX OF COALESCENCE ACTIVITY AND FIRST-ECHO TOPS . 42 George A. Bomar, William L. Woodley, and Dale L. Bates


SUMMARY OF THE NOAA/UTAH ATMOSPHERIC MODIFICATION PROGRAM: 1990-1998 ............................................... 51

Arlin B. Super ORGANIZATION AND MAIN RESULTS OF THE HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM IN THE NORTHERN AREA

OF THE PROVINCE OF MENDOZA, ARGENTINA .................................................................................................................... 76 Victor Makitov

COMPARISON OF RAINWATER SILVER CONCENTRATIONS FROM SEEDED AND NON-SEEDED DAYS IN LEON (SPAIN)............................................................................................................................................................................... 87 J.L. Sanchez, J. Dessens, J.L. Marcos and J.T. Fernandez

EVALUATION OF THE WESTERN KANSAS WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM .......................................................... 91 Darrel L. Eklund, Daljit Singh Jawa, and Tina Kae Rajala

GENERATION OF ICE NUCLEUS AEROSOLS BY SOLUTION AND PYROTECHNIC COMBUSTION ................................ 102 William G. Finnegan

COMPARISONS OF LOHSE WING-TIP NUCLEI GENERATORS AND BURN-IN-OLACE PYROTECHNICS IN THE NORTH DAKOTA CLOUD MODIFICATION PROJECT.............................................................................................................. 109

Bruce A. Boe and Paul J. DeMott CHAFF TAGGING FOR TRACKING THE EVOLUTION OF CLOUD PARCELS ...................................................................... 119

Roger F. Reinking, Roelof T. Bruintjes, Bruce W. Bartram, Brad W. Orr, and Brooks E. Martner COMMENT ON “AN APPLICATION OF HYGROSCOPIC FLARES – A SINGLE CASE STUDY” BY HENDERSON,

WOOD AND NEWSOM ................................................................................................................................................................ 134 Jean-Francois Berthoumieu and Griffith Morgan

REPLY ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 136 Thomas J. Henderson

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD PRACTICES FOR DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING WEATHER

MODIFICATION PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 138 George W. Bomar

A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AS REPORTED IN 1996 AND 1997 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 141 Joseph H. Golden


GENERAL INFORMATION

AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY POLICY STATEMENT (1998) ............................................................................. 143 Reprinted with permission of the AMS from BAMS, Vol. 79, No. 12

SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND FOR THE AMS POLICY STATEMENT ON PLANNED AND INADVERTENT WEATHER MODIFICATION (1998)................................................................................................................................................................. 145

Reprinted with permission of the AMS from BAMS, Vol. 79, No. 12 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................... 151

STATEMENT ON STANDARDS AND ETHICS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS .......................................... 154

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 156 WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS......................... 158


WMA AWARDS – THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD .. 160 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................... 162

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 33 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 168 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION, VOL 26, NO. 1

(March 1994) THROUGH VOL 30, NO. 1 (Apr 1998).................................................................................................................. 170


JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 1999/2000 ............................... 175

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 176

ADVERTISEMENTS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION….Inside Back Cover


VOLUME 32



PRESIDENT’S MESSSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE ............................................................................................................ v Pat Sweeney and James R. Miller

IN MEMORIAM – Wallace Howell and Arnold Court ................................................................................................................... vi


11-YEAR WARM CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT IN MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA ....................................................... 10 A.S.R. Murty, A.M. Selvam, P.C.S. Devara, K. Krishna, R.N. Chatterjee, B.K. Mukherjee, L.T. Khemani,

G.A. Momin, R.S. Reddy, S.K. Sharma, D.B. Jadhav, R. Vijayakumar, P.E. Raj, G.K. Manohar, S.S. Kandalgaonkar, S.K. Paul, A.G. Pillai, C.P. Kulkarni, S.S. Parasnis, A.L. Londhe, C.S. Bhosale, .. S.B. Morwal, P.D. Safai, J.M. Pathan, K. Indira, M.S. Naik, P.S. P. Rao, P. Sikka, ..........K.K. Dani, M.K. Kulkarni, H.K. Trimbake,

P.N. Sharma, R.K. Kapoor and M.I.R. Tinmaker THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL SNOW AUGMENTATION EFFECT ON FREEZE INJURY OF

THE WINTER WHEAT .................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Jin Zhaomao and Gao Ziyi

THE EFFECT OF SILVER IODIDE SEEDING ON HAILSTONE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS ......................................................... 26 Jean Dessens and Roberto Fraile

CLOUD SEEDING POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL PARTICULATES ......................................................................................... 31 Daryl V. O’Dowd

IDENTIFICATION OF A SEEDING SIGNATURE IN TEXAS USING MULTI-SPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGERY.................. 37 William L. Woodley, Daniel Rosenfeld and Aldis Strautins

EVIDENCE FOR CHANGES IN MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND CLOUD DRAFTS FOLLOWING AgI SEEDING ...... 53 William L. Woodley and Daniel Rosenfeld

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTION OF THE OKLAHOMA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM ............... 69

Nathan R. Kuhnert, Brian R. Vance, and Michael E. Mathis A NEW HAIL SUPPRESSION PROJECT USING AIRCRAFT SEEDING IN ARGENTINA ...................................................... 73

Terry W. Krauss, Roelof T. Bruintjes, and Hugo Martinez SILVER IODIDE CLOUD SEEDING RATES AND CORRESPONDING PRECIPITATION ....................................................... 81

Albert H. Schnell A REVIEW OF CLOUD CLASSIFICATION IN WARM SEASON WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATIONS

AND RESEARCH .......................................................................................................................................................................... 84 Bruce A. Boe









VOL 27, NO. 1 (March 1995) THROUGH VOL 31, NO. 1 (Apr 1999) ........................................................................................ 107 JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 2000/2001 ............................... 112

AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 113

ADVERTISEMENTS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION….Inside Back Cover




PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... v Pat Sweeney and James R. Miller

IN MEMORIAM – Ray Jay Davis .................................................................................................................................................. vi

ANNOUNCEMENT: NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WORKSHOP SUMMARY ................................................................. viii Harold D. Orville

- REVIEWED SECTION - REVIEW OF PERSISTENCE EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE CLOUD SEEDING.................................................................... 9

Alexis B. Long REVIEW OF DOWNWIND EXTRA-AREA EFFECTS OF PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT ................................................ 24

Alexis B. Long RESULTS OF MONTHLY AND SEASONAL GAUGE VS. RADAR RAINFALL COMPARISONS IN THE

TEXAS PANHANDLE ................................................................................................................................................................... 46 William L. Woodley, Roni Drori, Daniel Rosefeld, Scott Orr, and George Bomar


CLOUD SEEDING – THE UTAH EXPERIENCE ......................................................................................................................... 63 Norman E. Stauffer, Jr.

WEATHER CONTROL TRADITIONS OF THE CHEROKEE ...................................................................................................... 70 James A. Heimbach, Jr.

THE TIME HAS COME ................................................................................................................................................................. 74 John N. Leedom


GENERAL INFORMATION






WMA AWARDS – THUNDERBIRD AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD, SCHAEFER AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD .. 85 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................... 87


VOL 28, NO. 1 (March 1996) THROUGH VOL 32, NO. 1 (Apr 2000) ........................................................................................ 95

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 2001/2002 ............................... 100 AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 101

ADVERTISEMENTS

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION….Inside Back Cover




PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... v Tom DeFelice and James R. Miller


OPERATIONAL FORECASTS OF MAXIMUM HAILSTONE DIAMETER IN MENDOZA, ARGENTINA .................................. 8 Julian C. Brimelow, Terry W. Krauss, Gerhard W. Reuter

ACIDIC CLOUD EPISODES IN THE NORTHERN COLORADO ROCKIES: INADVERTENT WEATHER MODIFICATION? ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Edward E. Hindman, Maria C. Meyer, Stanley D. Gedzelman, and Teresa J. Bandosz

SECONDARY SEEDING AS A MEANS OF PROPAGATING SEEDING EFFECTS IN SPACE AND TIME ........................... 31 William L. Woodley and Daniel Rosenfeld

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF WINTER CLOUD SEEDING IN THE BOISE RIVER DRAINAGE, IDAHO .... 39 Don A. Griffith and Mark E. Solak

COMMENTS ON THE PAPER BY ALEXIS B. LONG ENTITLED “REVIEW OF PERSISTENCE EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE CLOUD SEEDING” ..................................................................................................................................... 47

E.K. Bigg REPLY TO BIGG’S COMMENTS ON “REVIEW OF PERSISTENCE EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE CLOUD SEEDING” ... 51

Alexis B. Long


AN OKLAHOMA WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM STATUS REPORT AND PROJECT REVIEW ............................. 54 Timothy E. Sedlock, Nathan R. Kuhnert, Rebecca L. Resler, Michael E. Mathis, Bruce A. Boe, and Brian Vance

SOME REFLECTIONS ON HAILSTORMS AND HAIL SUPPRESSION .................................................................................... 64 Andrew G. Detwiler

A REVIEW OF THE EDWARDS AQUIFER PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM .................................................. 73 Rebecca L. Resler and Bruce A. Boe


MENDOZA HAIL MITIGATION PROJECT: FINAL REPORT 2000-2001 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................... 81

Terry W. Krauss and Manuel M. Mir WHAT IS THE ACTUAL BENEFIT FROM CLOUD SEEDING? ................................................................................................. 84

David L. Newsom THE MONTEREY COUNTY WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAM IN CALIFORNIA 1991-1995 ....................................... 87

Thomas J. Henderson, John R. Stremel, Dartanion Mims, and James D. Goodridge A HIGH-LEVEL ATMOSPHERIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PLAN FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM .................................... 94

Thomas P. DeFelice MODELING TITAN CONTROL CLOUDS .................................................................................................................................... 100

Arquimedes Ruiz, Marion Mittermaier, Dale Bates WEATHER MODIFICATION SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN TEXAS: THE EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE

USES OF TITAN ........................................................................................................................................................................... 104 Dale L. Bates and Arquimedes Ruiz

– WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION – – GENERAL INFORMATION –




WMA AWARDS – SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD, BLACK CROW AWARD .. 120

- WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY - INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................................................................................. 122

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 36 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 128 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION, VOL. 29, NO. 1

(April 1997) THROUGH VOL. 33, No. 1 (April 2001) ................................................................................................................... 130

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED MEETINGS – 2002/2003 ......................................... 135 AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 136

ADVERTISEMENTS




THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE and EDITOR’S MESSAGE............................................................................................................... v

REMEMBERING A TRUE PIONEER IN WEATHER MODIFICATION – ROBERT D. ELLIOTT 1914-2002 ............................ vii

- REVIEWED SECTION - 2002 ADVENTURES, VENTURES, AND MISADVENTURES OF WEATHER MODIFICATION IN TEXAS ............................ 10

Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbié, Dale L. Bates, and Orlando Nuñez-Russis


REEXAMINATION OF HISTORICAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS APPLIED TO A RECENT IDAHO CLOUD SEEDING PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Arlin B. Super and James A. Heimbach, Jr.


NEW ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS FROM SIX WINTER SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION PROJECTS .. 41 Thomas J. Henderson

THE KINGS RIVER WEATHER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ........................................................................... 45 Thomas J. Henderson

ESTIMATIONS OF DOWNWIND CLOUD SEEDING EFFECTS IN UTAH ................................................................................ 52 Mark E. Solak, David P. Yorty, and Don A. Griffith

CLOUD SEEDING IN LIBYA ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 Younis Al-Fenadi

A BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT ERGODICITY AND ROSENFELD-LENSKY METHOD ............................................................. 63 Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbié

REPLY TO “A BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT ERGODICITY AND ROSENFELD-LENSKY METHOD”........................................ 67 Daniel Rosenfeld


GENERAL INFORMATION





WMA AWARDS – SCHAEFER AWARD, THUNDERBIRD AWARD, INTERNATIONAL AWARD BLACK CROW AWARD ... 78 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS ............................................................... 82


VOL 28, NO. 1 (March 1996) THROUGH VOL 34, NO. 1 (Apr 2002) ........................................................................................ 90

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 2002/2003 ............................... 125 AUTHOR’S GUIDE........................................................................................................................................................................ 126

ADVERTISEMENTS

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦


VOLUME 36


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION....... ............................................................................................................... iv EDITOR’S MESSAGE................................................... ............................................................................................................. v

Steven K. Chai


THE VARIABILITY OF CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI AND CLOUD DROPLET POPULATIONS IN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS OVER THE HIGH PLAINS: HOW OFTEN ARE CONTINENTAL CLOUDS CONTINENTAL? ........ 7

Andrew Detwiler


REPLY TO A PAPER ENTITLED “REEXAMINATION OF HISTORICAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS APPLIED TO A

RECENT IDAHO CLOUD SEEDING PROJECT ..................................................................... ................................................. 15 Don A. Griffith and Mark E. Solak

- NON-REVIEWED SECTION - IN MEMORIAM DR. JOHN ALBERT FLUECK 1933-2003..................... .................................................................................... 23

Roger F. Reinking THE SOUTHERN OGALLALA AQUIFER RAINFALL (SOAR) PROGRAM – A NEW PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT

PROGRAM IN WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO ..................................................................................... 25 Duncan Axisa

April 2005 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS VOLS. 1 – 36 139 CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENTS ON WARM CLOUDS IN PAKISTAN .................................................................................................................................................. 33 Qamar Z. Chaundhry, Muhammad M. Munir, and Anjum Bari

ICE NUCLEATING BEHAVIOUR OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF PHLOROGLUCINOL: A LABORATORY STUDY................................................ ............................................................................................................... 41

Sahana Paul, Anupam Hazra, Dhruvajyoti, Roy, U.K. De, S. Bhar, and K. Goswami ON THE CONTRASTIVE NATURE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION KNOWLEDGE: COMMONSENSE

REASONING AND COMMONSENSE KNOWLEDGE. ............................................................................................................... 47 Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbié

THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION’S RESPONSE TO THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL’S REPORT TITLED: “CRITIDAL ISSUES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION REEARCH” REPORT OF A REVIEW PANEL................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... 53

Bruce Boe, George Bomar, William R. Cotton, Byron L. Marler, Harold D. Orville (Chair), and Joseph A. Warburton PROCEEDINGS OF THE JEMEZ Y SANGRE WATER PLANNING COUNCIL CLOUD SEEDING WORKSHOP ................ 83

Sigmund Silber


GENERAL INFORMATION

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION............... ....................................... 95

CODE OF ETHICS: STANDARDS OF CONDUCT IN PROJECTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INVESTIGATING MISCONDUCT OF MEMBERS ....... ............................................................................................................................................ 98

QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION.......................................................... .................................. 105

WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS......................... 107 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES.................................. ..................................... 108

WMA AWARDS............................................................ ............................................................................................................... 109

WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS................................... ........................... 113 JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION – 38 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS.................................. .................................... 119

HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION, VOL. 1, NO. 1 (March 1969) THROUGH VOL 35, NO. 1 (Apr 2003).................................................................................................................. 121

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS – 2002/2003. .............................. 156

AUTHOR’S GUIDE....................................................... ............................................................................................................... 157 ADVERTISEMENTS



VOLUME 37 APRIL 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... v DEPARTING MESSAGE FROM THE WMA PRESIDENT.......................................................................................................... v

Byron Marler EDITOR'S MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

Steven K. Chai

– REVIEWED SECTION –

THE VARIABILITY OF CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI AND CLOUD DROPLET POPULATIONS IN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS OVER THE HIGH PLAINS: HOW OFTEN ARE CONTINENTAL CLOUDS CONTINENTAL? NEW CCN OBSERVATIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Andrew Detwiler IS AIR POLLUTION IMPACTING WINTER OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION IN UTAH? ........................................................ 14

Don A. Griffith, Mark E. Solak, and David P. Yorty THE SANTA BARBARA CLOUD SEEDING PROJECT IN COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, SUMMARY OF

RESULTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Don A. Griffith, Mark E. Solak, Robert B. Almy, and Dennis Gibbs

OBSERVATIONS OF RIME ICING IN THE WASATCH MOUNTAINS OF UTAH: IMPLICATIONS FOR WINTER SEASON CLOUD SEEDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 Mark E. Solak, David P. Yorty, and Don a. Griffith

RANDOMIZED PROPANE SEEDING EXPERIMENT: WASATCH PLATEAU, UTAH ............................................................. 35 Arlin B. Super and James A. Heimbach, Jr.

THE SERIOUS FLAWS OF THE ACADEMIES’ REPORT ON WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH .............................. 67 Roland List

– NON-REVIEWED SECTION –

OBSERVATIONS OF PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT – AN EXAMPLE FROM THE UAE PROJECT . ............................ 71 Daniel Breed, Tara Jensen, and Roelof Bruintjes

- WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION - GENERAL INFORMATION - ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ..................................................... 78

CODE OF ETHICS: STANDARDS OF CONDUCT IN PROJECTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INVESTIGATING MISCONDUCT OF MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................................... 81


WMA CERTIFIED WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATORS/MANAGERS AND HONORARY MEMBERS ........................ 90 WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ....................................................................... 91

WMA AWARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 92 WMA MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY – INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS .............................................................. 96

JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - 39 AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS ....................................................................... 102 HISTORIC INDEX OF PUBLISHED PAPERS IN THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION,

VOL. 1, NO. 1 (March 1969) THROUGH VOL. 36, NO. 1 (April 2004) ...................................................................................... 104

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION, SCHEDULED WMA MEETINGS - 2005/2006 .............................. 140 AUTHOR'S GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 141

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VOLUME 38 APRIL 2006


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv EDITOR'S MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

Andrew Detwiler IN MEMORIAM – Mr. Joe Warburton................................................................................................................ ........................ vii

With reflections from Tom DeFelice, Rick Stone, Neville Fletcher, Barry Dunn

– REVIEWED SECTION –

– COMPARISON OF THE HAILSTORM CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT AREAS IN GREECE ............... 11 Evangelos Tsagalidis, Eleni Chatzi and Dimitra Boucouvala

SEEDING OPERATIONS IN GREEK NATIONAL HAIL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM .............................................................. 16 Soultana Tzoumaki, Evangelos Tsagalidis, Eleni Chatzi, and Soultana Dimoutsi

A CLIMATIC INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYNOPTIC FACTORS AND HAIL OCCURRENCE IN NORTHERN GREECE DURING THE DOMINATION OF 500-HPA LOWS .......................................................................... 23

S. Spanos and J. Vetsos A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING STUDY OF HAILSTORM SEEDING............................................................................ 31

Vlado Spiridonov and Mladjen Curic A SENSITIVITY TEST FOR HAIL PREVENTION ASSESSMENT WITH HAILPAD MEASUREMENTS ................................. 44

Jean Dessens, Claude Berthet, and José Luis Sanchez POTENTIAL WATER AUGMENTATION FROM CLOUD SEEDING IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN. ............................. 51

Steven M. Hunter SIMULATIONS OF SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION IN THE COLORADO ROCKY MOUNTAINS .......................................... 58

William R. Cotton, Ray McAnelly, Gustavo Carrió, Paul Mielke, and Curt Hartzell APPLICATION OF A HYDROLOGIC MODEL TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF CLOUD SEEDING IN THE WALKER

RIVER BASIN OF NEVADA ......................................................................................................................................................... 66 ROLE FOR LIGHTNING IN TORNADOGENESIS AND POSSIBLE MODIFICATION .............................................................. 77

R.W. Armstrong and J.G. Glenn A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF INDUCING ANTHROPOGENIC TROPICAL CYCLONES

USING COMPRESSIBLE FREE JETS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR HURRICANE MITIGATION .......................................... 82 Moshe Alamaro, Juergen Michele and Vladimir Pudov

– NON-REVIEWED SECTION – COPING WITH PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY ......................................................................................................................... 97

Arquímedes Ruiz, Luis Grave de Peralta, and George Farazoulis TOWARDS A NEW PARADIGM FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ..................................... 105

J.H. Golden and T.P. DeFelice TESTIMONY BEFORE JOINT HEARING BY SEN. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE & SPACE AND

SUBCOMMITTEE ON DISASTER PREDICTION & PREVENTION, NOVEMBER 10, 2005 .................................................... 117 Thomas P. DeFelice - Joseph H. Golden - Michael Garstang

LETTERS / OPINIONS ................................................................................................................................................................. 123 America Can’t Afford to Ignore Weather Modification Studies Richard C. Jackson

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AWARDS ......................................................................................................................................... 124

ATHENS 2005 MEETING NOTES AND PHOTOS ...................................................................................................................... 125 Byron Marler


– WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION – – GENERAL INFORMATION –

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 127

AUTHOR'S GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 128

- THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION -



THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ..................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

Tommy Shearer EDITOR'S MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

Andrew Detwiler RECOLLECTIONS OF JON MEDINA .......................................................................................................................................... vii

Dave Matthews, Lew Grant, Paul Mielke, Curt Hartzell, and Steve Hunter

– SCIENTIFIC PAPERS – ANOTHER WINTERTIME CLOUD SEEDING CASE STUDY WITH STRONG EVIDENCE OF SEEDING EFFECTS ........... 9

Arlen W. Huggins NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELING SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR

SIMULATIONS OF SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN .................................................................. 37 Stephen M. Saleeby, William Y.Y. Cheng, and William R. Cotton

ON THE USE OF RATIO STATISTICS FOR THE EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAMS. ..... 50 Bernard A. Silverman

NEW INSIGHTS TO CLOUD SEEDING FOR ENHANCING PRECIPITATION AND FOR HAIL SUPPRESSION .................. 61 Daniel Rosenfeld

SHOULD WE CONSIDER POLLUTING HURRICANES TO REDUCE THEIR INTENSITY? ................................................... 70 William R. Cotton, Henian Zhang, Greg M. McFarquhar, and Stephen M. Saleeby

A SPECIFIC EVIDENCE OF HAIL SUPPRESSION EFFECTIVENESS IN SERBIA ................................................................. 74 D. Radinović and M. Ćurić

A LEVEL II WEATHER MODIFICATION FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR WINTER SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION IN THE SALT RIVER AND WYOMING RANGES IN WYOMING. ............................................................... 76 Don A. Griffith, Mark E. Solak, David P. Yorty, and Bruce Brinkman

THE ROLE OF WEATHER MODIFICATION IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN STATES PROCESS................................. 84 Tom Ryan

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SITE SELECTION STUDY FOR CLOUD SEEDING IN ORDER FOR PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT IN I.R. OF IRAN .................................................................................................................. 87 S. Javanmard, J. BodaghJamali, and A.M. Noorian

– WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION –

– GENERAL INFORMATION –

– WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION (WMA) CAPABILITY STATEMENT ON WEATHER MODIFICATION ............. 98

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 101 AUTHOR'S GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 102

ADVERTISEMENTS


THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION



THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iii PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... iv

Don Griffith – SCIENTIFIC PAPERS –

A STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE KERN RIVER OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM.................................... 7 B.A. Silverman

AN ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF CLOUD SEEDING ON LOCAL RAINFALL- A CASE STUDY OF FIRST PART OF THE ISKI RAIN ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM CONDUCTED IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY DURING 1990-1991 ........................ 17 A.U. Komuscu

THE SNOWY PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: A DESCRIPTION AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 28

A. W. Huggins, S. L. Kenyon, L. Warren, A. D. Peace, S. P. Bilish, and M. J. Manton COMPARISON OF TWO ACOUSTIC ICE NUCLEUS COUNTERS .......................................................................................... 54

J.A. Heimbach, Jr., A.B. Super, B.A. Boe, G. Langer, and J.T. McPartland POLARIMETRIC CLOUD ANALYSIS AND SEEDING TEST (POLCAST) ................................................................................ 64

P.A. Kucera, A. Theisen, and D. Langerud STUDY OF OPTIMAL SCHEME IN CANNON PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT ................................................................. 77

Wang Yilin, Yu Kangyuan, Wu Wei

– TECHNICAL NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE –

A REVIEW OF THE TEXAS WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMS IN 2007 ..................................................................... 85 T.R. Flanagan, S.D. Beall, R.E. Rhodes, J. Wright, and A. Ruiz-Colombié

AN INTERESTING FINDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 92 R.S. Wang

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 93

AUTHOR'S GUIDE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 94 ADVERTISEMENTS

THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION



THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

Duncan Axisa EDITOR'S MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... vi

Andrew Detwiler

– SCIENTIFIC PAPERS –

A STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE VAIL OPERATIONAL ……………………................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

B.A. Silverman AN EVALUATION OF THE SAN JOAQUIN OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING

PROGRAM USING MONTE CARLO PERMUTATION STATISTICS ......................................................................................... 15 B.A. Silverman


30+ WINTER SEASONS OF OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING IN UTAH ............................................................................. 23 D.A. Griffith, M.E. Solak, and D.P. Yorty

SIX HOUR ANALYSES OF THE BRIDGER RANGE RANDOMIZED WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING EXPERIMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 38

A.B. Super and J.A. Heimbach, Jr. EVALUATION PLAN FOR A SNOW ENHANCEMENT EXPERIMENT IN AUSTRALIA ........................................................... 59

M.J. Manton, J. Dai, and L. Warren AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIROMENTAL TOXICITIY OF SILVER IODIDE – WITH

REFERENCE TO CLOUD SEEDING TRIAL IN SNOWY MOUNTAIN OF AUSTRALIA ........................................................... 75 B.D. Williams and J.A. Denholm

AN ‘AERSOL EFFECT’ DECTECTED IN WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS BUT AN AFFECT ON PRECIPITATION COULD NOT BE DECTECTED ................................................................................................................ 97 E. Hindman

SEEDING OPTIMIZATION FOR HAIL PREVENTION WITH GROUND GENERATORS ......................................................... 104 J.Dessens, C.Berthet, and J.L. Sanchez

AN ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF THE CONVECTIVE STORM PRCOESS TYPES IN MENDOZA (ARGENTINA)....................................................................................................................... 112

R.C. Pérez, E.Barlotta, and L. Rossi


SUMMARY OF STUDIES THAT DOCUMENT THE EFFECTIVINESS OF CLOUD SEEDING

FOR SNOWFALL AUGMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................... 119 A.W. Huggins

TEXAS WEATHER MODIFICATION PROGRAMS IN 2008 ....................................................................................................... 127 S.D. Beall, T.R. Flanagan, R.E. Rhodes, J. Wright, and A. Ruiz-Colombié

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HYGROSCOPIC SEEDING OPEATIONS IN ANDRHA PRADESHP, INIDA.................................................................................................................................................. 135 I.V.M Krishna, V. Manickam, S.S. Bhardwaj, H., Peddj, and A.V.S. P. Rao

ATMOSPHERIC DC CORONA EFFECT IONIZATION AS A POTENETIAL TOOL FOR AEROSOL DEPOSITION: AN EXPERIMENT ......................................................................................................... 144

P. Kauffman and A. Ruiz-Colombié COMMNETS ON SILVERMAN’S EVLUATION OF THE KERN RIVER PROGRAM ................................................................. 161

P.L. Smith REPLY TO “COMMENTS ON SIVERMAN’S EVALUATION OF THE KERN RIVER PROGRAM” ........................................... 163

B. Silverman

JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 165 AUTHOR'S GUIDE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 166

ADVERTISEMENTS

THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION VOLUME 42 APRIL 2010


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... iv PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... v

Ducan Axisa


EDITOR'S MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................................... vi Andrew Detwiler


MAXIMUM HAIL SIZE PREDICTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 E. Tsagalidis, K. Tsitourridis, D. Dervos

STATISTICAL MODELING OF RAINFALL ENHANCEMENT .................................................................................................... 13 S. Beare, R. Chambers, S. Peak

OVERVIEW OF THE QUEENSLAND CLOUD SEEDING RESEARCH PROGRAM................................................................. 33 S.A. Tessendorf, R.T. Bruintjes, C.E. Weeks, M. Dixon, M. Pocernich, J.W. Wilson, R.D. Roberts, E.A. Brandes, K. Ikeda, C.A. Knight, L. Wilson, J.R. Peter, N. Torosin

COMPARISON OF SILVER IODIDE OUTPUTS FROM TWO DIFFERENT GENERATORS AND SOLUTIONS MEASURED BY ACOUSTIC ICE NUCLEUS COUNTERS ......................................................................... 49

A.B. Super, B.A. Boe, J.A. Heimbach, Jr., J.T. McPartland, G. Langer PRECIPTIATION CHARACTERISITICS OF NATURAL AND SEEDED CUMULUS CLOUDS

IN THE ASIR REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA ................................................................................................................................. 61 T.W. Krauss, A.A. Sinkevich, A.S. Ghulam

FEAUTURES OF THE WEATHER MODIFICIATION ASSESSMENT PROJECT IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF THE SAUDI ARABIA ...................................................................................................................... 78 P.A. Kucera, D. Axisa, R.P. Burger, D.R. Collins, R. Li, M. Chapman, R. Posada

T.W. Krauss, and A.S Ghulam


THE IMPACT OF GLACIOGENIC SEEDING ON OROGRAPHIC CLOUD PROCESSES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE WYOMING WEATHER MODIFIDATION

PILOT PROJECT .......................................................................................................................................................................... 105 B. Geerts, Q. Miao, Y. Yang, R. Rasmussen, D. Breed, B. Lawrence

TEXAS WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATIONS IN 2009 .................................................................................................... 108 R.E. Rhodes, S.D. Beall, T.R. Flanagan, , J. Wright, and A. Ruiz-Colombié

SUMMARY OF A WEATHER MODIFICATION FEASIBLITY STUDY FOR WINTER SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION IN THE EASTERN SNAKE RIVER BASIN, IDAHO ............................................................... 115 D.A. Griffith, M.E. Solak, D.P. Yorty

CLOUD SEEDING AND THE RAPID CITY FLOOD OF 1972 .................................................................................................... 124 A.S. Dennis

IN MEMORY OF JOANNE SIMPSON ......................................................................................................................................... 127 W. Woodley

COMMENTS ON MURALIKRISHNA ET AL. “DESIGN AND EVALUTION OF HYGROSCOPIC SEEDING OPERATIONS IN ANDHRA, PRADESH, INDIA .......................................................................................................................... 131

A. Sinkevich REPLY TO COMMENTS ON: MURALIKRISHNA ET AL. “DESIGN AND EVALUTION OF HYGROSCOPIC SEEDING

OPERATIONS IN ANDHRA, PRADESH, INDIA .......................................................................................................................... 132 I.V. Muralikrishna

COMMENTS ON THE GRIFFITH ET AL. REPORT ON OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAMS IN UTAH .................................................................................................................................................................. 133 B.A. Silverman

REPLY TO SILVERMAN COMMENTS ON WMA JOURNAL PAPER TITLED “30+ WINTER SEASONS OF OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING IN UTAH”, GRIFFITH ET AL. 2009 .......................................................... 137

D.A. Griffith, D.P. Yorty, and M.E. Solak COMMENTS ON SILVERMAN’S PAPER PUBLISHED IN THE WMA 2009 JOURNAL OF WEATHER

MODIFICATION ENTITLED “AN INDEPENDENT STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE VAIL

OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................... 148 D.A. Griffith, D.P. Yorty, and M.E. Solak


REPLY TO THE COMMENTS BY GRIFFITH ET AL. ON SILVERMAN’S PAPER ENTITLED “AN INDEPENDENT STATISTICAL

EVALUATION OF THE VAIL OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM ......................................................................... 155

B.A. Silverman JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 159

AUTHOR'S GUIDE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 160

ADVERTISEMENTS

THE JOURNAL OF WEATHER MODIFICATION - WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION VOLUME 43 APRIL 2011


THE WEATHER MODIFICATION ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................................................... IV PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ........................................................................................................................................................... V

Todd Flanagan IN MEMORY OF GARY RILEY .................................................................................................................................................... VI

M. Solak

IN MEMORY OF NORIHIKO FUKUTA ........................................................................................................................................ VIII

D. Griffith


ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESEMENT: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CONCENTRATIONS IN SILVER AND INDIUM AT GENERATOR LOCATIONS .............................................................................. 1

M. Lincoln-Smith, A. Dye, K.Kemsley, and J. Denholm SNOWY PRECIPTIATION ENHANCEMNENT RESEARCH PROJET: UPGRADING NOAH II

PRECIPTIATION GUAGES WITH AN AUTO-SIPHONING SYSTEM ........................................................................................ 9 G.H. Rampal, A.D. Peace, O.R. Hewatt, and S.L. Kenyon

THE SECOND POLARIMETRIC CLOUD ANALYSIS AND SEEDING TEST ............................................................................ 14 D. Delene, C. Grainger, P. Kucera, D. Langerud, M. Hamm, R. Mitchell, and C. Kruse

A WINTER OPERATIONAL CLOUD SEEDING PROGRAM: UPPER GUNNISON RIVER BASIN, COLORADO......................................................................................................................................................... 29 D.A. Griffith, D.P. Yorty, and M.E. Solak

ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL MEASURMENTS WHEN EVLAUATING GROUND-BASED METHODS OF WEATHER MODIFICATION ........................................................... 44

S. Beare, R. Chambers, S. Peak, J.M. Ring CLOUD SUPER-COOLED LIQUID WATER ESTIMATION FROM SATELLITE DATA ............................................................. 64

J.K. Roskovensky, M. Ivey, W. Proch, N. Beavis, R. Herrmann, S. Silber


OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS ON THE NORTH DAKOTA CLOUD MODIFICATION PROJECT .................................... 84

M.D. Schneider and D.W. Langerud THE RISE AND FALL OF HAMP.................................................................................................................................................. 89

W.R. Cotton, W.L. Woodley, I. Ginis, J.H. Golden, A. Khain, and D. Rosenfeld PRESENT AND FUTURE REGULATION OF CLOUD SEEDING ACTIVIITES IN CALIFORNIA ............................................. 97

M. Brown

REVIEW OF “FIXING THE SKY” BY JAMES R. FLEMING ........................................................................................................ 107 S. Changnon


JOURNAL NOTES, ADVERTISEMENT INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 108

AUTHOR'S GUIDE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 109

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