JUPITERAuburn Mountainview

Karl Steffin, 2016

7/11/2019

GENERAL SPECS

• Original Name: Phaethon “brilliant one”• Metal/Organ: Tin/Liver

• Distance: 5.20 AU• Speed: 29236.76 mph• Rotation: 9.93 hours @ 64°

• Orbit: 11.86 years• Diameter: 139,822 km• Mass: 1.9x1027 kg

• Density: 1.3 gm/cm3

GRAND TACK HYPOTHESIS

• With Exoplanetary systems being recently discovered Our Solar System is wonky:

• Most have super Earths in the inner system (10x)

• Have orbits within Mercury's.

• Very pressurized thick atmospheres.

• Jupiter sized planets much closer to the parent star.

• The Grand Tack Hypothesis states that Jupiter wandered into the inner system, then back out pulling Saturn and much of the volatile materials with it.

ZEUS

• Zeus: God of Gods/Sky. 1 of the 12 Olympians.• Son of Titans Cronus and Rhea.• Hided away from father on Crete.

• Freed siblings and over threw the titans.• Divided creation:

• Poseidon: The Sea• Hades: The Underworld• Zeus: The Sky and domain over

Earth. Rules on Mt Olympus.

CULTURE

• Movies/TV• Jupiter Ascending

• Cloud Atlas

• Futurama

• Books• Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

(Asimov)

• Games• Descent

CORE

• Core• Solid Rock/Ice

• Liquid metallic Hydrogen

• 78% radius

• Rain drops of He and Ne in upper regions

• Liquid Hydrogen and Helium• Supercritical state for Hydrogen

ATMOSPHERE

• Large Magnetosphere (14x earth)

• Lost 4 billion years ago (Impacts?)

• Mostly Hydrogen and Helium

• Some methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water

• Differentiated

• Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere

• Layers have variable temperatures.

• Bands of cyclones and anticyclones, storm and lightning.

GIANT RED SPOT

• Discovered by Gian Cassini

• South of equator

• Current size of two-three Earths

• Rotates every 6 earth days

• Size fluctuates

• Longitudinal: lost half of its size as of a century ago.

• 1996-2006: lost 15% diameter.

• Angular velocity shows it will not shrink to nothingness.

• Smaller spot also in southern hemisphere (Red Spot Jr.)

GREAT RED SPOT

MOONS OF JUPITER

• Sixty-seven known moons.

• Names after Zeus’ lovers, conquests, daughters.

• Four largest discovered in 1610.• Have self gravitation and planetary size.

• Thought to be captured by Jupiter.

• Wide variety of characteristics between moons.

CORES

IO

• Mortal lover of Zeus.

• 400 active volcanoes• Caused by tidal forces of Jupiter

• Some lava spews upward of 330-km high.

• Plumes can travel at over half a mile per second.

• 100-150 mountains• Caused by tectonics, not volcanism.

• Some larger that Mt Everest.

EUROPA

• Mortal lover of Zeus (abducted her in the form of a bull).

• Icy Crust with some clay like materials.• Smoothest object in the solar system.

• Some jagged ice spires.

• Watery layer below crust.• Salt water (due to magnetic field interaction)?

• Life could be supported by this layer?

GANYMEDE

• Divine lover of Zeus (abducted him in the form of a eagle).

• Fully Differentiated• Mostly Silicate Rock and Ice.

• Iron rich liquid core.

• Internal ocean (more water than Earth’s oceans)

• Cratered, grooved and ridges.

• Polar Ice caps.

CALLISTO

• Nymph: Lover of Zeus possible relation to Artemis.

• Tidally locked to Jupiter.

• Not Differentiated• Equal mix or rock and Ice

• Small silicate core.

• Internal ocean

• Oldest and most heavily cratered.

MISSIONS

• Flybys (5 Programs)• 1973-74: Pioneer: Close-up images of moons and planet (including red spot).

• 1979: Voyager: Observed rings, magnetic filed, rings. Activity on Io.

• 1992: Ulysses: Northern Pole flyby. No camera just data on Magnetosphere.

• 2000: Cassini: Highest resolution images. Full portrait.

• 2007: New Horizons: Refined orbits of inner planets. Little red spot.

• Orbit (3 Programs)• 1995-2003: Galileo: Multiple flybys around moons. Observed Shoemaker-Levy

impact. Probe sent into atmosphere. Data on moons, chemical compositions.

• 2016: Juno: When arrives will study planet's composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.

• 2022: Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer: After inner system flybys it will then proceed to Jupiter in 2030. Will study Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa once there.

• 2023 or 2025: Europa Clipper: Orbit around Jupiter (26 or 28-31) to study Europa.