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3 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs Introduction [1/4] [1] – Yang et al, How to prolong the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network. Investigate the benefits of a heterogeneous architecture for WSN composed of a few resource rich mobile nodes and a large number of simple static nodes and a large number of simple static nodes Mobile Relays or Mobile SinksTRANSCRIPT
KAIST
Using Mobile Relays to Using Mobile Relays to Prolong the Lifetime of Prolong the Lifetime of
Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks
Wei Wang, Vikram Srinivasan, Kee-Chaing ChuaMobiCom ‘05
Presentation by
Mrinalini SawhneyNetwork & Security Lab
(Dept of Computer Science, KAIST)
22 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
ContentsContents
Introduction & Motivation Use of mobile nodes as relays or sinks
Related worksEnergy conservation methods with mobile relay
Static routingDynamic routingNetwork lifetime comparisonLifetime upper bounds using Mobile relay
Proposed algorithmsAggregation Routing Algorithm (ARA)Aggregation Routing Algorithm with Limited Nodes (ARALAN)
Performance EvaluationsConclusions
33 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Introduction [1/4]Introduction [1/4]
[1] – Yang et al, How to prolong the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network.
Investigate the benefits of a heterogeneous Investigate the benefits of a heterogeneous architecture for WSN composed ofarchitecture for WSN composed of a few a few resource rich mobile nodes resource rich mobile nodes
and a large number of and a large number of simple static nodessimple static nodes
Mobile Relays or Mobile Sinks
44 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Motivation [1/2]Motivation [1/2]
Scenario 2 -> very economical What about performance improvement from mobile node and the tradeoffs associated ??
Scenario 1Deploy a million static nodes 15 cents per nodeTotal deployment cost = $150,000
Scenario 2Few expensive resource rich mobile nodes and many simple static nodes10 nodes @ $100 each100,000 static nodes @ 15 cents/nodeTotal deployment cost = $16,000
VS
55 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Introduction [3/4]Introduction [3/4]Sample network
Two components are connected via sensor nodes A & BLifetime of these two nodes is TBoth A & B are the critical bottleneck nodes in the network
Use of a mobile node doubles network lifetime
Shuttles between node A & BInherits the responsibility of the node with which its co-located
66 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Introduction [4/4]Introduction [4/4]
Mobile Node could be eitherMobile relay or,Mobile Sink
Analyze the lifetime for 3 different cases using different routing algorithms
When the network is all staticWhen there is one mobile sinkWhen there is one mobile relay
77 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Related WorksRelated WorksShah et al., “Data Mules: Modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks”, in proceedings of the IEEE Wkshp, on Sensor network Protocols and Applications (SNPA) 2003Charkabarti et al., “Using Predictable Observer Mobility for Power Efficient Design of Sensor Network” The 2nd Int’l Wkshp on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), 2003
Gandham et al., “Energy Efficient schemes for wireless sensor networks with multiple mobile base stations” in proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM, DEC 2003Shankar et al., “Maximum lifetime routing in in wireless ad-hoc networks,”, in proceedings of 23rd IEEE INFOCOM, Mar 2004
…..
DisadvantagesMobile sink needs to roam around the networkAll nodes in the network need to be aware of the current location of the mobile sink
88 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Energy Conservation Methods with Mobile Energy Conservation Methods with Mobile RelaysRelays
Static RoutingSensors know the location of mobile relays and redirect their packets through them
Lifetime extended by ui time unitsSort the original lifetime of static nodes in increasing order
{(l1,u1), (l2,u2), …., (ln,un)}
Stays in a sleep mode for duration ui
99 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Energy Conservation Methods with Mobile Energy Conservation Methods with Mobile RelaysRelays
Dynamic RoutingRoutes to the sink depend upon the position of the mobile relayFocus of this paper
SS
1010 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Lifetime Improvement by using a Mobile Lifetime Improvement by using a Mobile RelayRelay
1111 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Lifetime Upper BoundsLifetime Upper BoundsWithout mobile relay, the lifetime upper bound is in the network
With one mobile relay, the lifetime upper bound is
With m mobile relays, the lifetime upper bound is
A mobile relay needs to stay only within a two hop radius of the sink in order to maximize the lifetime
1212 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Aggregation Routing Algorithm (ARA) Aggregation Routing Algorithm (ARA) [1/2][1/2]
Routing Algorithm
-> set of all nodes which can reach the sink with 2 hops -> set of all nodes outside the range Q2
O M
1313 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Aggregation Routing Algorithm (ARA) Aggregation Routing Algorithm (ARA) [2/2][2/2]
The # of nodes in a3 is always greater than the sum of that in area a1 and a2
There are 4ρ candidates for aggregate node
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Another Proposed AlgorithmAnother Proposed AlgorithmMerits of ARA
Efficient upper bound of
Drawbacks of ARA algorithmEvery node needs to know the position of the mobile This is a huge overhead
Aggregation Routing Algorithm with Limited Nodes (ARALAN)Only a limited number of nodes in the network need to know the location of the mobile relayThe upper bound is maintained
1515 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Aggregation Routing Algorithm with Limited Aggregation Routing Algorithm with Limited Nodes (ARALAN)Nodes (ARALAN)
Use of shortest path routingOnce the information reaches Ps
Relay it to the aggregation ring – Rings,r
Information reaches aggregation ringsTravels through a series of aggregation rings before it reaches the aggregation nodeWhen the traffic reaches OM, its routed hop by hop
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PerformancePerformancePerformance of Mobile Sink Approach
Lifetime would be atleast O(R) times better than static approach
Mobile relay ApproachNeed to use O(R) nodes to achieve the same performance
1717 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Performance EvaluationsPerformance EvaluationsWith one mobile relay
ScenarioRadius = 4 density = 4
# of nodes = 200
130% improvement
1818 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
Performance EvaluationsPerformance Evaluations
1919 Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of WSNs
ConclusionsConclusionsInvestigates the possibility of
Using the mobile node as a relayUsing the mobile node as a sink
Mobile sink always beneficial but application scenario is not feasible
With one mobile relay lifetime improvement of up to four times over the static approach
One static rich resource can improve the lifetime by 60%
One mobile relay can increase by almost 300%