keynote cable green (october, 2014)
TRANSCRIPT
Open Education, MOOOCs, Student Debt, Textbooks
and other Trends
Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global [email protected]
g@cgreen
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY
(1) Demand for Higher Education
“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.
1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections
By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg
(2) Student Debt / Perceived Value
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(3) Affordances of Digital Things
vs.
Rivalrous vs. Non-Rivalrous Resources
Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.90
• Copy by computer - $0.00084
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)
• Distribute by internet - $0.00072
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Copy and Distribute are “Free”
This changes everything
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks
Movies and TV Shows:• Amazon Prime – $6.59/month
($79/year) for access to 10,000 movies and TV shows
• Netflix – $7.99/month for access to 20,000 movies and TV shows
• Hulu Plus – $7.99/month for access to 45,000 movies and TV shows
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks
Music:• Spotify – $9.99/month for access
to 15 million songs• Rhapsody – $14.99/month for
access to 14 million songs
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
CC BY ND / Delta Initiative / http://tinyurl.com/bw3ztnt
(4) Open Educational Resources
including:open coursewareopen textbooks
Dreaming Girls Head By: Elfleda http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinespics/153137487
CC BY-NC-ND
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By: UNESCO: http://www.moveoneinc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/UNESCO.jpg
A simple, standardizedway to grant copyright permissions to your creative work.
Step 1: Choose Conditions
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
Step 2: Receive a License
most free
least free
Over 500 million items
Wikipedia: Over 77,000 contributors working on over 22 million articles in 285 languages
175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr
32
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CERN releases photos under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-SA
Europeana: 30M metadata items under CC0, 5 million digital object with PDM and 2.8 million digital objects under one of the CC licenses
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22240293@N05/3735172478/in/set-72157621681117648 By: Francisco Diez
Higher Ed
By: MIT OCW: http://conferences.ocwconsortium.org/2011/cambridge/images/logo-ocwc-decade.jpg
Primary
Open Educational Resources (OER)
OER are teaching, learning, and research
materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing
by others.
Search & Discovery
Translations & Accessibility
Customization & Affordability
5 Challenges of OER (for another day):
(1) Faculty Doesn't Know what To Do with OER(2) Not Everyone Trusts Free Resources(3) Expectations Around OER Quality are High(4) Institutional Processes Aren't Always Flexible(5) No Effective Discovery and Assessment OER Toolhttp://campustechnology.com/Articles/2013/04/24/5-Hurdles-to-OER-Adoption.aspx?Page=2
/ Open Textbooks
There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success
60%+ do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost
35% take fewer courses due to textbook cost
31% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost
23% regularly go without textbooks due to cost
14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost
10% have withdrawn from a course due to textbook cost
Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus
www.projectkaleidoscope.org
The Vision
100% of students have
100% free, digital access to all materials on day 1
Drive student success by designing, adopting, measuring and improving OER-based courses
www.projectkaleidoscope.org
CC-BY licensed textbooks for 110 university courses
http://techplan.sbctc.edu
“We will cultivate the culture and practice of using and contributing to open educational resources.”
But using open educational resources – and
contributing to them – requires significant
change in the culture of higher education. It
requires thinking about content as a common resource that raises all
boats when shared. (p.11)
English Composition I
• 60,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $10.5 Million every year
English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $9.6+ Million every year
Insa
ne
• We must get rid of our “not invented here” attitude regarding others’ content–move to: "proudly borrowed from
there"
• Content is not a strategic advantage
• Nor can we (or our students) afford it
WA Community Colleges:
http
://openco
urse
libra
ry.org
Does it make any sense WA State and K-12 Districts together spend $130M/yearon textbooks and the results are:• Books are (on average) 7-10 years out
of date• Paper only / no digital versions.• Students can’t write / highlight in
books• Students can’t keep books at end
of year• All rights reserved… teachers can’t
update
(5) Open Policy
/ Open Access
Current research funding cycle does not maximize dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, research grants
awarded
Scientific research
conducted and papers written
Articles submitted to journals and peer review
occurs
Acceptance in journals; authors
transfer copyright to publishers
Articles published in
mainly closed access journals
Libraries subscribe or
public pays per article fee to
view on publisher's
website
Public granted little or no reuse
rights beyond access to read
articles
Slow scientific progress, poor
return on public investment
Optimized research funding cycle maximizes public access, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, open license requirements
included, research grants
awarded
Scientific research
conducted and papers written
Acceptance in journals; public access policy
ensures deposit in open
repository
Articles published in traditional
journals under embargo
Public can download
articles from open access repository
Public granted full reuse rights
under open licenses
Accelerated scientific progress,
optimal return on public
investment
Articles submitted to journals and peer review
occurs
Current educational resource funding cycle does not maximize dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, education
grants awarded
Educational resources produced
Peer review limited
to grantee'
s instituti
on
Copyright with grantee, no obligation to
share
Content only used at grantee
institution
Public does not know about education resources
Public granted little or no reuse
rights
Slowed learning, poor return on
public investment
Optimized educational resource funding cycle maximizes public access, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, open license requirements
included, education
grants awarded
Educational resources produced
Peer review
broadened to
education
community
Copyright vests with grantee, all
resources openly licensed
Content used by grantee and
beyond
Public knows about education
resources
Public granted full reuse rights
Accelerated learning,
maximum return on public
investment
When the Marginal Cost of Sharing is $0…
- educators have an ethical obligation to share
- governments need to get maximum ROI by requiring publicly funded resources be openly licensed resources
- governments and educators need openly licensed content: (a) so you can revise & remix (b) buying and maintaining is cheaper than leasing (w/time bombs)
White House issues directive supporting public access to publicly funded research
$500 million – Round 2($2 billion over four years)
Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed resources.
massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031
CC BY
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
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CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556
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• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.
• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.
Only ONE thing Matters:
the opposite of open isn’t “closed”
the opposite of open is “broken”
Attribution: John Wilbanks
