Sargodha DivisionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Sargodha District.

Sargodha Divisionسرگودھا

Division

Coordinates:  32°10′N 72°30′E

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Sargodha

Established 2008[1]

Districts 4

Government

 • Type District

 • Divisional Commissioner Mr. Shaukat Ali

 • District Coordination Officer Mr. Azmat Mehmood

Area

 • Total 10,302 km2(3,978 sq mi)

Population (1998)

 • Total 6,271,247

Combined population of all Districts of Sargodha

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Postal code 40100

Dialling code 048

Sargodha Division is an administrative division of four districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan

Before October 2008, divisional system was abolished by the reforms of 2000 the third tier of government.

Sargodha Division has four districts including Sargodha District, Khushab District, Mianwali District, Bhakkar

District. Sargodha is the Divisional Headquarter.

See also[edit source | editbeta]

Sargodha District

Khushab District

Mianwali District

Bhakkar District

Jhang District

Sargodha DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

سرگودها ضلع

district

Sargodha District

Location of Sargodha district in West Punjab

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Sargodha

Government

 • Commissioner Sargodha Division Rai Ijaz Zaigham[citation needed]

 • District Coordination Officer Zulfiqar Ali Shah[citation needed]

 • District Police Officer Dr. Rizwan[citation needed]

Area

 • Total 5,864 km2(2,264 sq mi)

Population (1998)

 • Total 2,665,979

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 7

Sargodha District (Urdu:  سرگودها ضلع ), is a district of Punjab, Pakistan. The capital of the district is Sargodha. It

is an agricultural district, wheat, rice, and sugarcane being its main crops. The Sargodha district and region is

also famous for citrus fruit; kino is a newly developed variety. The district has an area of 5,864 km2.[1]

Contents

  [hide] 

1 Administration

2 Language

3 Demography

4 Etymology

5 History

6 Media

7 References

Administration[edit source | editbeta]

Sargodha District is administratively divided into Seven Tehsils, which contain a total of 161 Union Councils,[2] population according to the 1998 census of Pakistan:[3]

Tehsil Population No. of Unions

Bhera 100,000 (2012 estimate)

Bhalwal 820,000 53

Kot Momin 420,000 30

Sahiwal 236,000 14

Sargodha 1,081,000 62

Shahpur 274,000 16

Silanwali 255,000 16

Language[edit source | editbeta]

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Sargodha district, by spoken

language:

Punjabi language : 94% [4]

Other: 6%

Inhabitants of Sargodha District speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects: which are

Shapuri  (Main dialect of the district)

Majhi  or standard (in cities)

Puthohari  (Northern borders)

Jhangvi  (southern borders)

Other Languages include:

Urdu  is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by most of the

population.

English  is also understood and spoken by the educated elite.

Demography[edit source | editbeta]

The population of Sarghoda grew rapidly with the arrival of Muslim refugees from northern India, fleeing from

the religious violence that followed the partition of India and the independence ofPakistan in 1947. According to

the 1998 census of Pakistan the district had a population of 2,665,979 of which 27.96% lived in urban

settlements.[5] The predominant ethnic population in the Sargodha District is Punjabi with small communities

of Muhajirs and Pashtuns. The people of Sarghoda district are Muslims, with an overwhelming Sunni majority.

Etymology[edit source | editbeta]

There are several theories as to the origins of the name. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "svargadhaama,"

meaning "heavenly abode." Others suggest that the name Sargodha is derived from that of a Hindu loca,

Godha.

Also it is believed that there was an old pond in the middle of the town where an old Hindu monk

or sadhu (godha) used to live. The Hindi word for pond is "ser".[6] Since the town had a modest population,

people would refer the place as sergodha, the place where that famous Sadhu resided next to the pond.[7] Saqib Maqbool Goraya

History[edit source | editbeta]

The Sargodha District was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic

period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region.

The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and

ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into

present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Sargodha was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek

kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his

father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests

of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became

predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

Just over a century ago, there was a well owned by a Hindu named Goodha, the well was known as "Gool

Khuuh" (round well), and travellers used it as a resting place. There is a market at the place where Gool Khuuh

used to exist and a grand mosque above the market and it is known as "Goal Chowk", which is the center of

downtown Sargodha today.[6][7]

Sargodha was a small town at the beginning of the British Empire but, due to its geographical location, the

British Royal Air Force built an airport there. It took on greater importance after

the independence of Pakistan for the Pakistan Air Force. Shahpur, which is now a tehsil of Sargodha District,

was the district at that time. Most parts of the tehsil Sillanwali and Kirana Hills region were part of Jhang district

and were included later during the British Raj in the Sargodha district. The predominantly Muslim population

supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the

minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Sargodha

District.

The 1965 war with India on September 6, 1965 meant the city was a prime target for India, due to the city close

proximity with the neighbouring rival. The citizens of Sargodha supported the Pakistan Army against the

advancing of the Indian Army into Pakistan. In 1966, recognising this bravery, the Government of

Pakistan awarded the city of Sargodha as well as Sialkotand Lahore with the award of Hilal-E-Istaqlal.

The city also has a Pakistan Air Force base within its city. The PAF Base Sargodha now known as PAF Base

Mushaf, named after the late Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir, a former Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air

Force. The strategic location of the base has allowed the Air Force to carry out experimental work within the

city. Until divisions were abolished as part of government reforms in 2000, Sargodha was divisional

headquarters of Sargodha Division. Sargodha division was composed of the following districts:

1. Sargodha District

2. Khushab District

3. Mianwali District

4. Bhakkar District

Media[edit source | editbeta]

Radio Pakistan  Sargodha (FM Band),Club Road Sargodha.

FM Sunrise (96 MHz) Most popular, also plays Indian and western music, Aziz Bhatti Town Sargodha

Pakistan Television  Islamabad centre terrestrial transmissions at VHF and UHF band routed

from Sakesar rebroadcast centre.

Khushab DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012)

Khushab Districtضلع خوشاب

District

Map of Punjab with Khushab District highlighted

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

District Capital Jauharabad

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of Tehsils 3

Website http://khushab.gop.pk/

Khushab District (Urdu:  خ�وشاب ضلع ) is a rural tribal district located in Punjab, Pakistan, with its headquarters

at Jauharabad. It is named after the historical city of Khushab. According to the 1998 census, the population

was 905,711 with 24.76% living in urban areas.[1] The district consists of three tehsils, Khushab, Noorpur

Thal and Quaidabad and a Sub-Tehsil Naushehra [2] Khushab is home to the Heavy Water and Natural

Uranium Research Reactor,[3] a critical part of the Pakistan's Special Weapons Program, which has come

under much heated scrutiny.[4]

Contents

  [hide] 

1   Etymology

2   Language

3   History

4   Nuclear installations

5   Geography

6   Administration

o 6.1   Khushab tehsil

o 6.2   Noorpur Thal tehsil

o 6.3   Quaidabad tehsil

7   References

8   External links

Etymology[edit source | edit beta ]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

Khushab is a combination of two Persian words: khush (Persian: خوش) meaning sweet or tasty

and aab (Persian: آب) meaning water. A common belief is that the Persians, from the west, first used the

word khush-aab in admiration of the sweet and tasty water found in the historical city situated on the bank

of Jhelum River. With time the city started to be known asKhushab.

Language[edit source | edit beta ]

Inhabitants of Khushab District speak a great variety of Punjabi [5] dialects: which are

Shapuri  (Main dialect of the district)

Majhi  or standard (in cities)

Pothohari  (Northern Hilly Side),

Thalochi  (southern areas near bhakar)

Jandali  (western areas near Mianwali).

Urdu being national language is spoken and understood by most of the population.

English is also understood and spoken by the educated elite.

History[edit source | edit beta ]

Khushab District was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is

characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region.

The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus invaded,

settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331

BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Khushab was ruled

by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-

Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his

father, Sultan Sebuktegin. In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests

of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became

predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. After

the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Khushab District. The Muslims faced severe

restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Khushab district increased in population and

importance.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After

the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile

the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Khushab District.

Nuclear installations[edit source | edit beta ]

On March 21, 2000, the Christian Science Monitor published an article written by Alexander Colhoun, a high-

resolution aerial satellite photo revealed a nuclear reactor and a missile base near the city of Khushab

(32°1′12.62″N   72°12′27.02″E ). These pictures had mixed views, one of the expression of power that could

shackle or reshape diplomatic landscapes[6] of a region and another of the ethical question about the usage of

satellite imagery in terms of privacy and national sovereignty of a nuclear-capable nation. The report was

published at a time when American President Bill Clinton was due to visit India and sparked concerns

worldwide. It was later clearly stated in the Dawn newspaper on June 14, 2000, that this particular nuclear

reactor at Khushab and its reprocessing plant were generating between 8 to 10 kilograms of weapons-grade

plutonium per year, dedicated for military use.

Geography[edit source | edit beta ]

Khushab is situated between the cities of Sargodha and Mianwali, near the river Jhelum. The district

headquarters is located at Jauharabad (founded 1953, pop. 39,477).

Khushab consists of agricultural lowland plains, lakes, and hills. Parts of the Thal desert touch the district,

which has a breadth of over 70 miles (110 km) and is situated between theIndus river and the Jhelum river. The

district is rich in natural resources (salt and coal). Most people are associated with farming and agriculture. In

the 1980s the district was classified as a tax-relief zone for new industries. This led to the establishment of

many industries including cement, sugar, and textiles.

There are three lakes (Ochali, Khabbaki and Sodhi Jay Wali) in the district. Garden Kanhatti Garden near

Khabbaki village is located in the Soon valley area, which is the largest forest in Khushab district. Katha

Saghral area is semi-hilly and mineral area, noted for its coal and salt mining. Khabikki Lake is a salt-water lake

in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. The lake is one kilometre wide and two kilometres long. Khabikki

is also the name of a neighbouring village. Sakaser is the highest mountain in the Salt Range area in Pothohar

in Pakistan. It is 1522 metre / 4946 feet high. It is situated in Khushab District but it can be seen from adjoining

districts of Mianwali and Chakwal. Ochali or Uchhali Lake is just below the Sakaser mountain, it is a salt-water

lake in the southern Salt Range area in Pakistan. Sakaser (1522 metre / 4946 feet), the highest mountain in the

Salt Range, looms over the lake. Due to its brackish water the lake is lifeless.

Administration[edit source | edit beta ]

The district is divided into three tehsils, Khushab, Noorpur Thal, and Quaidabad and a Sub-Tehsil Naushehra,[2] where the latter was created in March 2007.[7] Previous to the creation of the Quaidabad tehsil, it contained a

total of fifty-one Union Councils.[8]

Khushab tehsil[edit source | edit beta ]

Khushab is subdivided into 32 Union Councils.:[7][8]

Angah

Botala

Chak No.50/Mb

Chak No.59/Mb

Daiwal

Girote

Katha Saghral

Khabaki

Khura

Khushab-I

Khushab-Ii

Khushab-Iv

Hadali

Hadali-Ii

Hassanpur Tiwana

Jabbi Shareef

Jauharabad-I

Jauharabad-Ii

Khushab-V

Khushb-Iii

Kufri

Kund

Noorpur Thal tehsil[edit source | edit beta ]

Noorpur Thal is subdivided into 10 Union Councils.[8]

Adhi Kot

Jamali Noorpur

Jaura Kalan

Jharkal

Khai Khurd

Khatwan

Noorpur

Pelowaince

Rahdari

Rangpur

Quaidabad tehsil[edit source | edit beta ]

Quaidabad is subdivided into 9 Union Councils.[7]

Bandial Janubi

Bijar

Chak No.14/Mb

Goleywali

Gunjial Janubi

Okhali Mohlah

Quaidabad

Utra Janubi

Warcha

Mianwali DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)

ميانوالى ضلع

District

Mianwali District

Map of Punjab with Mianwali District

highlighted ميانوالى

Location of Mianwali within Punjab.

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Mianwali

Government

 • District Coordination Officer Zulfiqar Ahmed

Area

 • Total 5,840 km2(2,250 sq mi)

Population (2010-11)

 • Total 14oooo0

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number of tehsils 3

Thal Canal

Mianwali District (Urdu:  ض�يانوالى ضلع ), (Pashto,Punjabi:  میانوالی is a district in the northwest of Punjab ,(ضلع

province, Pakistan. It is capital is Mianwali city. Mianwali is historically known for two prominent migrant clans

namely Niazis (Pashtuns) and Awan (tribe). Over the years some Baloch made Mianwali their home and

Awans.The Niazi Tribe dominates the politics of the district. This region is known for the very Peculiar Punjabi

dielects that are four in number. The most prominent are Shahpuri and Doabi Dielects associated with Salt

range and Soon Valley regions.

Contents

  [hide] 

1 Administration

2 Language

3 Demographics

4 Geography

5 Education

6 Weather

7 History

o 7.1 Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah

o 7.2 Sikh era and British Raj

o 7.3 Modern history

8 Tribes and clans

9 Immigration

o 9.1 Niazi immigration

o 9.2 Immigration of Awans

o 9.3 Jat and Balouch immigration

10 Notable personalities

11 Places of interest

12 See also

13 References

14 Further reading

15 External links

Administration[edit source | editbeta]

The district is administratively divided into three tehsils and 56 union councils:[1]

Name of tehsil No. of union councils

Isakhel 14

Mianwali 28

Piplan 14

Total 56

Grave of Lt. Col. A J O'Brien, 1st Deputy Commissioner of Mianwali district, at Brompton Cemetery, London

Deputy commissioners served as the head of the district until 2004. The first deputy commissioner was

Captain A. J. O'Brien and the first district judge was Sardar Balwant Singh. The system continued even after

the creation of Pakistan as a sovereign nation. It was not until the year 2000 that the new local government

system was introduced and three basic changes were implemented:

Divisions which used to be the third tier of the government were abolished and more autonomy was given

to the districts with the aim of decentralization of power.

With this new status of the districts, nazims were to become the administrators of the districts, with more

authoritative powers.

The post of D.C. was abolished with the aim of putting an end to bureaucratic rule; however, the

bureaucracy was offered an olive branch by creating the new post of District Coordinating Officer. The

nazim remained the main elected representative and administrator while the D.C.O.s served as

representatives of the government.

It borders eight district: Attock District in the north, Chakwal District in the northeast, Khushab District in the

east, and Bhakkar District in the south, while Lakki Marwat lies to the west, Kohat and Karak districts to the

northwest and Dera Ismail Khan District to the southwest.

In November 1901, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carved out of Punjab and the present-day towns of Mianwali,

Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa); hence a new

district was made with the headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab province.

Language[edit source | editbeta]

Dialects of Punjabi

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Mianwali district, by spoken

language:

Punjabi : 74.2%

Saraiki : 12%

Pashto : 10%

Others: 6%

Though Mianwali is claimed an integral part of Seraiki speaking belt by the Seraiki language activists but

Punjabi-Seraiki division seems to hold little influence on common people in this district. Awan

(tribe)s, Jats, Ghakkars with various subclans living in Mianwali and Khushab always associate themselves

with Punjabi identity. According to 1998 census three fourth (74.2 percent) of the population named their

spoken language as Punjabi while only 12 per cent answered that they speak Seraiki. [2]

Inhabitants of Mianwali district speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects.

Jandali/Rohi  (Central parts of the district)

Awankari  (Northern parts)

Shapuri  (Easteren parts)

Thalochi  (Southern parts in desert areas)

Majhi  or standard (Sizeable population in cities)

Other Languages include:

Pashto  which is also spoken by sizeable population in the KPK province border areas and in the cities.

Khattak tribes, Chapri, Bhangi Khel, Sultan Khel, Makarwal and Bani Afghan are bilingual and Pashto is

their primary language but they can easily communicate in Punjabi as well.

Urdu  is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the

sizeable population.

English  is also understood and spoken by few, mainly educated elite.

Demographics[edit source | editbeta]

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 1,056,620,[3] out of which

20.39%[4] (i.e., 85,000 inhabitants) lived in the district capital Mianwali. The Niazi (Pathan) tribe is the most

dominant tribe of this district, with an estimated 40 percent of the total population. The Niazi tribe exists in all

parts of the district but most notably live in Mianwali City, Shahbaz Khel, Naiku khaillanwala, Kamar mashani,

Musa Khel, Sohrabwala, GuddiKhelan Wala, Mochh, Sawans and Isakhel. Another tribe known as the Jats live

mostly in Ding Khola, Uttra kalan, New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad, Hashim Naggar/Lal Wala (Saifun Pull),

KhanQah Sirrajia, Bakharra/Kacha Kalo, Kacha Paar, Khita-e-Atlas, Kacha Gujrat, Kacha Shahnawaz Wala,

Phaati, Hurnoli, Alluwali, Duaba, Jaal Janub/Shumali, Piplan, Wan Bahhchran, Wichveen Bala, Kundian,

Moosa Khel and Shadia. Awan tribe is predominant in pakhar or salt range.

Geography[edit source | editbeta]

Nawab of KalabaghMalik Amir Muhammad Khan(1910–1967), ex-Governor West Pakistan

Mianwali district covers an area of 5,840 square kilometres. The area in north is a continuation of the Pothohar

Plateau and the Kohistan-e-Namak. The district consists of various towns, including Kalabagh, Isa

Khel, Kundian, Paikhel, Piplan, Kamar Mushani, Mochh, Swans, Rokhri, Harnauli, Musa Khel, Alluwali, Wan

Bhachran, Daud Khel, Uttra Kalan and the district capital, Mianwali city.

Mianwali  city is the capital of Mianwali district. It is the district's largest city, with a population of about

85,000 people. It is also the economic and commercial hub of the district.

Kundian  is the second largest town, at a distance of 15 km from the city of Mianwali. Important sites such

as Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (Chashnupp), Chashma Barrage, Kundian-Jehlum or Chashma-Jehlum

Link Canal are located here.

Piplan  is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the southern part of the district.

Kalabagh  is famous for the Kalabagh Dam, the Nawab of Kalabagh, the red hills of the salt range, and

scenic views of the Indus River.

Isa Khel  is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the west of Mianwali. It is a historical

town named after Isa Khan, a famous Niazi chief. It is also the home town of famous folk singer Attaullah

Khan Essa Khailwi

Kamar Mushani  is famous for its trade and minerals.

Tabbi Sar  is another important town and the headquarters of Bangi Khel Tribe located in the northern part

of the district. Missar wala is the main village of Tabbi sar. Missar Wala is located from Tabbi sar south

side.

HERNOLI  is a very famous town located south part of district. Known for production on peanut and grams.

The judicial complexes of Piplan and Danish school system are prominent features of Hernoli.

Uttra kalan  is famous for his Agriculture area's people's are educated & civilized.

Education[edit source | editbeta]

Mianwali district has several educational institutions from elementary up to post-graduate level, affiliated with

the University of the Punjab. A private Engineering College named as NAMAL College is affiliated

with University of Bradford. There are numerous other private schools and colleges in the district. Recently the

University of Sargodha opened a sub-campus in Mianwali.

Weather[edit source | editbeta]

Mianwali district has an extreme climate, with a long, hot summer season and cold, dry winters. Summer lasts

from May to September and winter lasts from November till February. June is the hottest month with average

temperatures of 42 °C (highest recorded temperature 52 °C); in winter, December and January monthly

average temperatures can be as low as 3 to 4 °C. The average rainfall in the district is about 385 mm.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Yea

r

Avg high °C 19 21 26 33 38 42 39 37 37 33 28 21 31

Avg low temperature °C 3 6 12 17 22 27 27 26 23 16 9 4 16

Rainfall in. (cm) 1.6 2.1 4.1 2.4 1.9 1.8 7.6 11 4.5 0.7 0.1 0.9 38.5

Source: Weatherbase

History[edit source | editbeta]

Mianwali District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is

characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region.

The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and

ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into

present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Mianwali was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek

kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his

father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests

of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became

predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

Syed Mian Ali Sahib migrated from Bhagdad[IRAQ],who was a great spiritual saint laid the foundations of

Mianwali. In those days it was called "Mian Ali Wali", which later was converted to Mianwali. After him, his son

HAZRAT SYED SULTAN MUHAMMAD ZIKRIA remained the holly leader and saint of the PATHAN Tribes and

Other Tribes of the area for a long period and settled all the disputes among the tribes successfully. He is

known as SAHIB E KARAMAT wallee. His descendants are still respectable and have political influence in the

area too.

Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah[edit source | editbeta]

Historically, all major rulers of South Asia governed this area in their turn. Mughal emperor Babur mentioned

Isa Khel while he was fighting against the Pakhtuns as part of his campaign to conquer the Punjab during the

1520s (ref. Baburnama). Prior to the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1738, there is little to relate concerning the

history of the northern part of the district. The upper half of the district was ruled by the Ghakkars, who became

feudatories of the Mughal Empire, of which the district continued to form a part until the invasion of Nadir Shah.

In 1738 a portion of his army entered Bannu, and by its atrocities so cowed the Bannuchis and Marwats that a

heavy tribute was raised from them. Another portion of the army crossed the Darra Pezu and worked its way

down to Dera Ismail Khan. Contingents raised from the neighbourhoods of Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan

marched under Nadir Shah's banner to the sack of Delhi. In 1739 the area west of the Indus was surrendered

by the Emperor of Delhi to Nadir Shah, and passed after his death to Ahmad Shah Abdali.

In 1748 a Durrani army under one of Ahmad Shah's generals crossed the Indus at Kalabagh, and drove out the

Ghakkars, who still ruled in the cis-Indus tracts of the district, owing nominal allegiance to the Emperor at Delhi.

Their stronghold, Muazzam Nagar, was razed to the ground, and with their expulsion was swept away the last

vestige of authority of the Mughal Emperor in these parts. The armies of Ahmad Shah marched repeatedly

through the district, the cis-Indus portion of which was, with the rest of the Punjab, incorporated in the Durrani

Kingdom in 1756, and for the next sixty years a precarious hold was maintained on their eastern provinces,

including this district, by Ahmad Shah and his successors to the throne of the newly created Kingdom of Kabul.

Source:[1]

Sikh era and British Raj[edit source | editbeta]

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Mianwali District. The Muslims faced

severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Mianwali district increased in

population and importance.

During British rule, the area was subdivided into province, divisions and districts. divisions remained the third

tier of government until 2000). The British had made the towns of Mianwali andIsa Khel tehsil headquarters

of Bannu District then part of Dera Ismail Khan Division of Punjab province.

Modern history[edit source | editbeta]

The current district of Mianwali was created in November 1901, when the North West Frontier Province was

carved out of Punjab and the towns of Mianwali, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, andKundian were separated from Bannu

District. A new district, named Mianwali district, was created with its headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in

Punjab, and it became a part ofMultan Division. Mianwali originally contained four tehsils: Mianwali, Isa

Khel, Bhakkar, and Layyah. In 1909 Layyah was transferred to Muzaffargarh District. The district became a part

ofSargodha Division in 1961. In 1982 Bhakkar Tehsil was removed from Mianwali and became a separate

district of Sargodha Division.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After

the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile

the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mianwali District.

Tribes and clans[edit source | editbeta]

The populations of the district are split into four main groups: the predominant Niazi and Awan(Pakistan) tribes

who are mainly present in riverain Mianwali Tehsil and Isakhel Tehsil, the main niazi tribes are Mushani bori

khail isa khail moasa khail shahbaz khail panu khail and pai khail. Awans who are dominant mainly in the Salt

Range and Kalabagh in Isakhel Tehsil. The Thal desert portion is held by Jat - Baluch - kundi and sumbal

tribes. The city of Mianwali and town of Wan Bhachran is also home to the Miana-Qureshi -

Makhdooms- Bhachar -Janjua and Ghanjera tribes respectively. The district also has descendants of refugees

from East Punjab and Haryana in India, who settled here after partition.

There Are Many Jat Tribes Are Living In Mianwali District (Ding Khola Talokar) (New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad

(Sharqi and Gharbi), Lal Khelan wala, Zaman Kelan wala, Hashim Naggar, Tahir Abad, Uttra kalan, Shahbaz

Khelanwala and Khanqah Sirrajia. The Famous Jat Tribes Are, Lato Khel (A Well Known Person From This

Family Is 'Malik Muhammad Saeed Jat Lato Khel Talokar chadhars', A Well Known Campanion of Maulana

Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi And A Leader Of JUP And He Was An Active Partner Of Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan

Niazi), Shahbaz Khel, Baqir Khel, Yaroo Khel, Shadoo Khel, Masti Khel, Fojay Khel, Bakhshy Khel, Mehar

Khel, Jewaye Khel, Jamal Khel, Dost Khel, Jalal Khel, Sahalat Khel, Sher Khel, Niaz Khel, Wareyam Khel,

Uttra jats, Mekan jats, Seal, and many more

Immigration[edit source | editbeta]

The district has been settled by triple immigration from opposite directions: Niazis from the northwest of

Pakistan, Awans from the northeast, and Jats and Balochs up the valley of theIndus from the south.

Niazi immigration[edit source | editbeta]

Imran Khan Niazi, retired cricketer turned Politician, Chairman PTI

The Niazis, who some hundred and fifty years later spread from Tank over the plain that was sparsely inhabited

by pastoral Jats. The Niazi arrived into Marwat at first and occupied the hills of Salghar, until a feud with the

Ghilzais compelled them to migrate elsewhere. Marching southeast, they found a temporary resting place in

Tank. There the Niazais lived for several generations, occupying themselves as traders and carriers, as do

their kinsmen the Lohani Pawindahs in the present day. Towards the end of the fifteenth century, numbers

spread north into the plain, and squatted there as graziers and cultivators, on the banks of the Kurram and

Gambila. There they lived in peace for about fifty years, when the Marwat Lohanis, a younger branch of the

Lodi group, swarmed into the region after them, and drove them across the Kurram at Tang Darra, in the valley

beyond which they found a final home. The most important sections of the expelled Niazais were the Isakhel,

Mushanis and a portion of the Sarhangs. The first took root in the south of the new area and shortly developed

into agriculturists ; the second settled further to the north at Kamar Mushani, and seem for a time to have led a

pastoral life. Some Sarhangs took up their abode at Sultan Khel, while others, after drifting permanently

established themselves cis-Indus on the destruction of the Ghakkar stronghold of Muazzam Nagar in 1748 by

Niazis. The Niazis after a victorious war, drove out baluch and jatts, the remainders stayed behind as their

subjects, with this the long connection of the Ghakkars with Mianwali was terminated. The remains of Muazzam

Nagar, their local capital, were visible on the left high bank of the Indus about six miles south of Mianwali, until

the site was eroded by the river about the year 1870.

Immigration of Awans[edit source | editbeta]

Watercolour of an Awan sepoy, painted by Major A.C. Lovett, circa the early 20th century

In Mianwali, Awans are mostly known as Maliks. Awan are Syed and relate them to the Qutab Shah descended

from the lin of Hazarat Ali, who had Arab ancestry thus giving a proof to their Arab origin. The Awans now

occupy part of the district which lies east of the Dhak Spur of the Salt Range and is known as Khudri, Pakhar,

or Awankari. "Men of Mianwali mostly know the name Pakhar; but residents of the Kacha and Isakhel generally

speak of the tract and parts beyond as utrad. i.e., the high country.".[5]"DHAROEE" family lying in the alluwali

village are also from awan family and known as a warrior family.

The Awans were among those who formed an important part of the British Indian army, serving with distinction

during World Wars I and II. Along with Rajputs, Awans occupy the highest ranks of the Pakistani army.

Jat and Balouch immigration[edit source | editbeta]

Before the fifteenth century, the lower parts of the district were probably occupied by a few scattered tribes of

Jats, depending on their cattleship. After these came the Balochis. They also came from the south direction. It

is probable that the Jat immigration continued for sometime after the Balochis first came into this area.

However it may have been, all the Kachha, immediately adjoining the Thal bank, seems to have been parcelled

off to Jat families. Each block was accompanied with a long strip of Thal to the back. These estates are the

origin of the present mauzas as far north as Kundian in the Mianwali Tehsil. They are almost all held by Jats

except few which are occupied by Sumbals and The Kundi tribe. Both of the tribes have afghan ancestry. Here

and there, shares are held by Balochis, but these have mostly been acquired in later times by purchase. In the

same way the unoccupied lands towards the river were divided off into blocks, and formed into separate

estates; and sometimes; where the hads first, formed had too much waste land, new hads were formed in later

times by separating off outlying portions of the old estates. This division into hads extended right up to Kundian.

In course of time, as theBalochis settled down in the area, individuals acquired plots of land for wells, but

generally in subordination to the had proprietors or lords of manors. Here and there a small clan settled down

together, but this was the exception. Balochis are still numerous all through the southern part of the Kachha, up

to Darya Khan; but though they were originally the ruling race, still, as regards proprietary rights in the land they

hold a position inferior to that of the Jats and Sayyals, by whom the superior proprietorship of hads is generally

held. North of Darya Khan there are very few Balochis. In Thal, the population is almost entirely Jat. A few

families of Balouch Pashtuns came across the Indus River from the Paniala Hills. Of these, one became

dominant at Piplan, while the others moved on into the Thal and took up their abode eventually in and around

Jandanwala.

Notable personalities[edit source | editbeta]

Tilok Chand Mehroom  - He was a famous Urdu poet of India.

Jagannath Azad  - He was a famous Urdu-Speaking poet of Hindu academic. He was son of famous Urdu

poet Tilok Chand Mehroom

Khawaja Khurshid Anwar  - He was a filmmaker, writer, director and music composer.

Amir Mohammad Khan  - Nawab of Kalabagh and Ex-Governor of West Pakistan

Imran Khan  - The former captain of Pakistan cricket team who won 1992 Cricket World Cup and Chairman

of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Chancellor of Bradford University. He also involved Social work he had

founded the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre. Pakistan Government

awarded with Pride of Performance and Hilal-i-Imtiaz

Naheed Niazi  - She is a Pakistani Playback Singer

Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi  - He is a Pride of Performance award winning musician. He has the world

record on Guinness World Records for the highest number of audio albums (over 400 albums) ever

released by a singer.

Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi  - He was a religious and political leader of Pakistan

(Malik Hayatullah)-Professor Degree College Mianwali-Social Worker)

Misbah-ul-Haq - Pakistani Cricketer

Tariq Niazi  - Olympian Gold Medalist in Field and Track

Sher Afgan Niazi  - The Ex-Minister of Law and Member of Parliament

Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri  - He was a politician and was involved in the Pakistan Movement. He was also

known as "Khan Sahab", a title given by the British to him and to his father

Sardar Muhammad Ali Khan Lasharie - A renowned Architect, a notable poet and literary figure, a senior

university faculty member and a social worker.

Places of interest[edit source | editbeta]

A view of Namal Lake in Mianwali Salt range

Ruins of centuries-old Hindu temples in the Salt Range near Mari Indus (theIndus River can be seen traversing the hills)

"Days of Yore" PR ZE. class 230 en route to Lakki Marwat from Mari Indus in frosty winter morning circa 1987. (Mianwali

was the only district in Punjab with about 80 km of narrow gaugesection, which was closed in 1992.)

Kalabagh Dam  is located about 40 km north of Mianwali city. The proposed dam site is located between

beautiful mountains narrowing down on the River Indus at an ancient town known as Kalabagh.

Chahshma Barrage and Lake is located south of Mianwali city and is a beautiful lake.

Jinnah Barrage

Namal Lake: Namal or (Nammal) lake is a place of interest located at the foot of Namal mountain near

Chakrala. It is a beautiful scenic place frequented by hikers and holiday-makers. In 2008, Namal

College was established by Namal Lake at the base of the Salt Range.

Thal Desert: It is a large area which is mostly desert and semi-arid. It is located between the Jhelum and

Indus river (The Sindh-Saagar Doab). The boundaries of the old district established in 1901 included

almost 70% of this great area, but after the separation of Layyah and then Bhakkar Tehsils, only about

20% remains in this district. First deputy commissioner A J O'Brien wrote in his memoirs: "In 1901 the

District of Mianwali was formed out of the two Punjab halves of two older districts, and I had the good

fortune to be put in charge. It was a lonely District with, as my Assistant Mr. Bolster called it, 'three white

men in a wilderness of sand'."[6]

River Indus

Kalabagh Old Town

Ruins at Mari Indus and Mari City: At Mari in the Mianwali Tehsil, there is a picturesque Hindu ruin,

crowning the gypsum hill, locally calledManiot (from Manikot, meaning fort of jewels), on which the

Kalabagh diamonds are found. The ruins themselves must once have been extensive. It appears that the

very top of the hill was built over with a large palace or fort.

Architectural objects and remains: In the southern part of the district the general absence of antiquarian

remains tends to prove that it can never have been the site of a rich and populous government. In

the Kachhi tract, of course, such remains could not survive the action of river floods, and this tract must, at

one time, have been much wider than it is now. The Thal, however, is admirably suited for the preservation

of antiquarian relics, had any such ever existed, but there are none that date from earlier than the

fourteenth century.

Ruins of Sirkapp Fort: Overlooking the village site of Namal in the Khudri is a ridge of great natural

strength, cut off on three sides by hill torrents. On the top of this ridge there are extensive ruins of what is

said to have been the stronghold of Sirkapp, Raja of the country, who was a contemporary of Raja Risalu

of Sialkot, by whom he was vanquished. The outer wall of the fort still exists in part in a dilapidated

condition, but the enclosure, which must once have contained accommodation for a fairly large garrison, is

now one mass of fallen houses and piles of hewn or chiselled stones. The series of lifts, made for carrying

water from the bed of the stream to the top of the hill, have left their marks.

Other antiquities: The above, together with two sentry-box like buildings, supposed to be dolmens, midway

between Namal and Sakesar, and several massive looking tombs, constructed of large blocks of dressed

stones in the Salt Range, comprise all the antiquities above ground in the district. No doubt many remain

concealed beneath the surface. The encroachments of the Indus and even of

the Kurram near Isakhel often expose portions of ancient masonry arches and wells. The only other

antiquity worth mentioning is a monster baoli at Wanbhachran, said to have been built by order of Sher

Shah Suri. It is well preserved and similar to those in Shahpur District.

See also[edit source | editbeta]

Mianwali Development Trust

Mianwali

Bhakkar DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bhakkar District بهكر ضلع

District

Location of Bhakkar District

(highlighted in orange) within Punjab.

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Bhakkar

Government

• District Coordination Officer Khalid Saleemi

Area

• Total 8,114. km2 (3,133 sq mi)

Population (1998)[1]

• Total 1,051,456

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Number ofTehsils 4

Website http://www.bhakkar.com.pk/

Bhakkar District (Urdu:  ك�ر به ضلع ), is a District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The district was created in

1981 with Bhakkar city (known as Bakhar in Thalochi dialect of Punjabi language as the capital. It is located

between 31° 10' and 32° 22' N. and 70° 47' and 72° E. with an area of 3,134 square miles (8,120 km2), most of

it lies in the desolate plain of the Thal, but the Kachhi or strip of riverine land along the Indus is of great fertility.[2] Its area consists of riverine tract along the Indus called Kacha and the Thal historically called Chol-e-Jalali.

Most of its area comprises greater Thal.

Mankera in centre of The Great Thal is a place of great antiquity. The old fort here; a historical heritage, is a

great land mark of Thal needs preservation. Another old place in the district is Kallurkot. Bhakkar is part of thal

desert in western Punjab.

Contents

  [hide] 

1   Administration

2   Language

3   Demography

4   Towns

5   History

o 5.1   British rule

6   Independence

7   References

Administration[edit source | edit beta ]

The district is administratively divided into four Tehsils and 42 Union Councils:[3]

Name of Tehsil No of Unions

Bhakkar Tehsil 17

Darya Khan Tehsil 8

Kaloorkot Tehsil 10

Mankera Tehsil 7

Total 42

Khansar Union Council is one of the major Union Councils in Bhakkar. Mari Shah Sakhira Union Council is very

close to Bhakkar District boundary

Language[edit source | edit beta ]

Dialects of Punjabi

Following are the demographics of the Bhakkar district, by spoken language:

Punjab local people different dialects : 95%

Other: 5%

Inhabitants of Bhakar district speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects, although few of these dialects are called

as a separate language “Saraiki”, but because of good and loving nature of people there is no distinction or

hate among different dialects and have a mix culture of Great (East and West) Punjab.

Thalochi  (Local Desert Punjabi dialect spoken by 60%)

Majhi  (Standard Punjabi spoken by 30%, Specially spoken in newly cultivated and city areas)

Jandali/Rohi  (Northern border area near Mianwali district)

Shapuri  (North Eastern border area near Khushab district)

Jhangvi  (South Eastern border area near Jhang district)

Other Languages include:

Urdu  is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the

sizeable population.

English  is also understood and spoken by few, mainly educated elite.

Pashto  which is spoken by minority population in the KPK province border areas and in the cities.

Demography[edit source | edit beta ]

Bhakkar city has a population of almost 300,000[citation needed], the total population of the district was estimated to

be 1.37 million in 2008. population of the district was 1,391,729 in 2011 [1]

Towns[edit source | edit beta ]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

Home in Thal

The main towns of District Bhakkar are:

Darya Khan

Mankera

Dullewala

Haidarabad

Kaloorkot

Notak

Mahni

Gauhar Wala

Behal

Jahan Khan

Maibal Sharif

History[edit source | edit beta ]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

The town has some historical places like Dilkusha Bagh which is believed to be a Mughal era garden and is

attached to Humayun; but historical facts do not verify it. Humayun never came here. On his retreat to Iran, he

went to another Bakhar in Sindh to seek help from Mahmood Khan.But this path or route taken was rejected by

Major Henry Raverty as the possible retreat of Humayun.

The old town was walled and had gates as Tavela gate and Imamanwala gate. The only remaining gate Jinnah

Gate (formerly King Gate) was built in British period in the name of Mr. King the then Deputy Commissioner.

There are remains of a handera (tomb) near Sheikh Raoo bridge, which is believed to be burial place of Bakhar

Khan, the founder of the city. The present police station was originally a Baloch fortress. Some 30 years ago a

branch of River Indus flowed past the town. West side of the town was green and pleasant. This is a very

scarce silver coin belonging to the reign of Nadir Shah 1148-1160 AH (AD1735-1747) from the Afsharid

dynasty, it is an Indian type minted during his occupation of the area. It is listed by type as Album #2744.2

(Type D). It weighs 11.3 gr. (18 mm.) and minted in the city of Bhakkar in the state of Punjab in India, dated

1157AH.

The main city center is consist of Mandi Town, King gate (markets and shopping centers), Chimni Muhalla

(ancient area ever in Bhakkar city from past of the Hindus and Sikh residency), Iron Market, Gulshan-e-Madina

Town, Officers Colony,Iqbal Town (old name Housing scheme 1) (Farrukh Hasan), Canal Avenue, new

developed Green Town, Dhandla Muhalla, Gadola, and Aalam Abad. The adjacent city area Mandi Town is the

developed area of the city with entire facilities. The population of city area mostly speak Saraiki, Urdu and

Punjabi. The city is known for its quality of students as they ever get top positions in relevant boards and the

trend of study is comparatively considerably higher than other areas of Punjab Province because of lacking

industry and public sector employment.Their preference for study is Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi,Islamabad

and Multan. The business in the city is major source of income for the population and mostly business activities

are connected with Capital of Province, Lahore.

British rule[edit source | edit beta ]

Thal Canal

During British rule, the district was a tehsil of Mianwali District, the population according to the 1891 census of

India was 119,219 which had risen to 125,803 at the 1901 census. In addition to the headquarters Bhakkar

(population, 5,312), the tehsil contained and 196 villages. The land revenue and cesses amounted in 1903-4 to

Rs 1.7 lakhs. Places of interest are Mankera and Muhammad Rajan, at the latter of which is the shrine of Pir

Muhammad Rajan, who died there on a pilgrimage.[2]

Independence[edit source | edit beta ]

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After

the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while

the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Bhakkar District.

Jhang DistrictFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jhang District

District

Map of Punjab, with Jhang District shown in green.

Country Pakistan

Province Punjab

Capital Jhang city

Established 1849

Government

 • District Coordination Officer Maqbool Ahmed Dhawla

 • District Police Officer Faisal Ali Raja

Area

 • Total 8,809 km2(3,401 sq mi)

Population (2006)[1]

 • Total 3,353,000

 • Density 321.8/km2(833/sq mi)

Time zone PST (UTC+5a)

Number of Tehsils 4

Jhang District (Punjabi, Urdu:  جھنگ is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Jhang is (ضلع

the district's capital.[2]According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district's population was 2.8 million, of

which 23 percent lived in urban areas.[3] By 2008, according to estimates, the population had risen to

3.5 million.[4] The native language is Punjabi,[5] though Urdu is also spoken in educational institutions.

Contents

  [hide] 

1 Location and geography

2 History

3 Climate and flora

4 engineer akhtar kawan

5 Culture and religion

6 Language

7 Notable residents

8 Tomb

9 Education

10 References

Location and geography[edit source | editbeta]

Jhang is one of the oldest districts on the subcontinent(being one of five districts established in Punjab in

1849), having being populated even around 2,000 BC, when it was known as Jhagi Sial. Jhang is bordered

by Sargodha District to the north, Gujranwala District to the northeast, Faisalabad District and Toba Tek Singh

District to the east, Khanewal and Muzaffargarh District to the south, Leiah District andBhakkar District to the

west, and Khushab District to the northwest.

The district comprises on four administrative units (tehsils) Jhang, Athara Hazari, Shorkot, and Ahmad Pur Sial.[6]

Jhang District covers 8,809 km².[7] Almost all the area is cultivatable land except in the north

near Rabwah and Chenab Nagar where the land turns rocky as it approaches the Kirana hills. The western

portion of the district holds the Thal Desert, which starts in Mari Shah Sakhira and extends to banks of

the Jhelum River far to the west in the districts of Khushab and Bhakkar. There is also an area known as

the Sandal Bar arising from Pabbarwala near the Gujranwala boundary. "Bar", in the local language, means a

forested area where there are no resources for cultivation, like water. This area used to be forested and was

unable to be cultivated before British colonial rule, when a canal system was installed near the town of Lyallpur

(now Faisalabad), which is now the textile industry hub of Pakistan. Between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab is

also a small area of Kirana bar, ending at Ghoriwala village. The area alongside the banks of rivers Ravi,

Chenab and Jhelum is called Hitthar (area in which flood water reaches), while the upland area between the

bars and Hitthar is called Utar.

History[edit source | editbeta]

Jhang District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is

characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled inPunjab region.

The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus invaded,

settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning theAchaemenid Empire in 331

BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Okara was ruled

by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-

Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his

father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests

of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became

predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufisaints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. After

the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Jhang District. During the period of British

rule, Jhang district increased in population and importance.

The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After

the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to Indiawhile

the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Jhang District.

Climate and flora[edit source | editbeta]

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engineer akhtar kawan[edit source | editbeta]

The climate is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in winter. The surface of the district presents three

distinct levels (Thal's sand dunes on the extreme west, a low lying river valley in the centre and the Sandal Bar

on the extreme east). The rivers of Jhelum and Chanab make their way through the district and Trimmu Head-

works is the point of their confluence. Mari Shah Sakhira, a big town in the Thal Desert, is the district's hottest

area, sometimes exceeding 50 C in June and July.

The district's trees consist of jand (Prosopis spicigera), karir (Capparis aphylla), beri (Zizyphus jujuba), van

(Salvadora oleoides), kikar (Acacia nilotica), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and aak (Calotropois spp).[8] Various

herbs can also be found, including harmal, akrey and bathoo.

Culture and religion[edit source | editbeta]

Punjabi folk dances such as Jhummar and Sammi originated in Jhang District. Jhummar is a dance for men

while Sammi is for women. The district also originated a well-known form of folk music known as "Dhola", or

"Jhang da Dhola".

Traditionally men wear turbans and dhotis (similar to a skirt or kilt) though in recent years people have started

wearing the national dress, the shalwar kameez. Some older women also wear dhotis. When women wear

dhotis, the style is referred to called "Majhla" in Jhangochi; th male style is called "Dhudder". However, it is

more common for women to wear shalwar kameez.

Street sports are important in Jhang District and include tent pegging (naiza baazi), kabaddi, volleyball, cricket

and football (soccer).

In the past, women wove cloth with spinning wheels – known as Teeyan and Trinjan – but now that the area is

industrialized the practice is no longer common.

The northwestern Jhang District, particularly the area at the west bank of the Jhelum River, is somewhat

different in its culture because it is more influenced by the Thalochi culture emanating from the neighboring

districts of Mianwali and Bhakkar .

Jhang District has dominant Muslim population(both Shia and Sunni.The non-Muslim minorities include small

number of Ahmadiyya and Christian.

Language[edit source | editbeta]

The native language is Punjabi,[9] though Urdu is also spoken in educational institutions.[10]

Notable residents[edit source | editbeta]

Sultan Bahoo  (ca 1628 – 1691), saint, founder of the Sarwari Qadiri Sufi order

Abdus Salam , Nobel laureate in Physics

Aleem Dar , An award winner and a member of the ICC Elite umpire panel

Abida Hussain , politician, former Federal Minister and Ambassador to USA

Faisal Saleh Hayat , Politician, Former Federal Minister

Syed Ali Raza , President and Chairman of the National Bank of Pakistan

Tariq Saleem Dogar , former Inspector General of Police, Punjab

Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri , Sufi scholar Sufi scholar and former professor of international constitutional

law at the University of the Punjab

Sheikh Waqas Akram , MNA Jhang; he was also a Minister of State for Labour and Manpower Pakistan He

resigned from the ministry and MNAship because he left PML-Q and announced to join PML-N before

general elections of 2013.

Mariam Hasan , Played for Pakistan national women’s cricket team

Majeed Amjad ,

Tomb[edit source | editbeta]

Jhang District is home to the tomb of the heroine of a famous love story, Heer Ranjha. Heer's tomb lies just

north of Jhang on the way to Faisalabad. An annual fair is held at her tomb. Engineer Imran Ali Pithorana Sial

Education[edit source | editbeta]

Govt. College, Jhang

Faran Model College, Jhang

Chenab College, Jhang

Lahore College for Women University

I-Soft College Of Commerce And Computer Sciences Jhang

8Superior College, Jhang

College Of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus- UVAS, Lahore.

Arqam schools Jhang