ECHO ECHO ၂၀ ၂။ (Kimberly Duncan) (Niemet

Chompoothong) (Rick Burnette) ။ ေသာေရရ ။ ။ ရ ။ ။

ECHO ၀ ၂ ။ ဤ ( - ) ။ က ။ ဤ ။

။ ။ ဤ ။ “ ” ( )။ ႔ေ ႔ ဤအမးအစားမားကပမာဏမားမားမလအပေပ။ ( ) ။ ၀ ၀ ။ ။ ECHO ။ ECHO ။ ။ ECHO

။

- Dendrocalamus, Gigantochloa and Thyrsostachys

မား -၀ / ( ) ။

- ၀ ( ) ။ ၀ ။ ၀ (Brassica) ၀ ။ ၀ ။ ။ - ၀ / ။ ။ ၀ - ( ၀- ၆ ) ။ ျ - ။

(Chaya - Cnidoscolus chayamansa) - ။ ။ECHO ECHO ေ ။ - (niacin) (riboflavin)

။ - (cyanide) ၀ ။ / ၀ ။ - ၀ ( .၆ ) ။ ။

။ ၀ ။ ျ - ။

(Chayote – Sechium edule) - ၀ ။ - ။ ဗ ။ ။ -

။ ၂- ၇- ၀ ။ (၈၀၀ ) ။ ျ - ။

(Climbing wattle –Acacia pennata) - ၻ ( ) ။

- ။ ။ - ။ ( . ။ ျ - ။

(Cowpea - Vigna unguiculata)

- ( ) ။ ECHO (Samoeng) ( ) / (Lahu/Mae Ai ( ( ) ) ။ - ။

- ။ ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ။ ေ ၀ ။

ျ - ျ ၀ ။

(Cucumber - Cucumis sativus)

- ။ ECHO “ ” ။ - ။ - ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ။ ျ - ( ) ။

(Eggplant - Solanum melongena) - - ။ (Solanum) ( - (S. torvum) ။ ECHO “ ၀ ” ( (S.

melongena) ။ - ။ ECHO “ ၀ ”

။ - ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ၀ ။ ျ - / ၀ ။ ေ )။

(Vegetable fern - Diplazium

esculentum) - ဖစသည။ ( ) ။ ။ -

။ - ။ ျ - ။

( ) (Fishtail Palm - Caryota mitis) - “ ” ၂- (၇- ၀ ) ။ ။ - ( ) / ႕ ။ - ( )

ေ ။ ( ၀ ။ ။ ျ - ။

(Jack Bean - Canavalia ensiformis) - ။ ECHO “ ” ။ - ။ - ။ - ေ ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ။

ျခ - ။

/ (Katuk/Sweet Leaf -Sauropus androgynus) - ။ECHO “ ” ေ ။

- ။

- ၀ ( .၈ ၼ) ။ ။ ျ - ၀ Safer) ၂ “ -Cornell” ။)

- / ( ) (Kwangtung Gymnema - Gymnema inodorum) - ႕ ။

။ ။ - ။ ( ။ ) ၀ ။ ၀ ၀ ၀ ။ - ။ ။ ျ - ။

(Leaf Pepper -Piper sarmentosum) - ။ ( )။ ။ -

။ ၀ ။ - ။ ။ ျ - ။

(Long Bean/Yard-long Bean - Vigna unguiculata ssp.

sesquipedalis) - ၀ (၂၀ ၼ) ( )။ ။ -

။ - ။ ၀ - (၂၀ ၼ - ။ ျ - ၀ ။

(Malabar Spinach - Basella alba) - ၀ ။ ECHO “ ” ။ ။ - ( ) ။ ။

- ။ ၀- ၀ ( ၂-၂၀ ၼ ေ ၀ ေဒသ ။ ။

ျ - ( ။ ။ )

(Moringa - Moringa oleifera) - ၀ ။ ECHO ။ - ၀ ။ ( )။

။ ECHO “ ” ။ - ။ ။ ( )။ ၀ (၂၀ ၼ ။ ။ ။ ၀ ။ ။ ျ - ။

(Water Spinach/Kang Kong - Ipomoea aquatic/Ipomoea reptans)

- (I. aquatic) (I. reptans) ။ ( - ) ။

- “ ” ။ - ၀- ( -၆ ၼ ။ / ။ ။ ၀ ။ ျ - ။

(Mustard greens – Brassica juncea) ’ - ။ ႕ ။ ( - ။) ။ ECHO “ ‘Khasi’” ။ - ။

- ၀- ( -၆ ၼ ) ။ ျ - ။

(Okra - Abelmoschus esculentum) - ။ ECHO ‘Clemson Spineless’ ။ - ( )။ ( ၀ )။

။ - ၆၀ (၂ ၼ ေ ၀ ( ၂ ၼ ။ ျ - ျ ၀ (mild detergent solution) ။

(Pumpkin/Squash - Cucurbita moschata) - ။ - ။ / ။ ။

- ၀ ( .၆ ) ။ ျ - ။

(Rattan -Calamus viminalis and other species) - ။ ။ ။ ။ ( ) ။ ( ) ။ -

။ ။

- . ( ) ။ ။ ။ C. viminalis ( - ) ECHO Upland Holistic Development

Project (UHDP) / (Mae Ai/Fang) ။ ျ ။ UHDP ၀ ၀ ။ ျ - ။

(Red Shoot Fig - Ficus virens) - ။ - - ။ ။

၀ ။ - ။ -၂ ( -၇ ။ ။ ျ - ။

(Roselle - Hibiscus sabdariffa) - - )။ - ( ) ( ။ )။ ။

။ - ၀ ( .၆ ) ေ ေ၀ ျဖင႔ ။ ။ ECHO “ ” ။ ျ - ။

(Scarlet/Ivy -Gourd Coccinia grandis) - ။ - ။

။ - ၀ ။ ။ ။ ၾ ။ ၏ ေဒသျဖစသည႔အာဖရကမ အာရအျပငအျခားေနရာမားတြငလညးေတြ႔ရနငသည။ ေ ။ ။ ျ -

(Sesbania grandiflora) - ၀ ။ - ( )

( )။ ။ ။ - ။ ။ (၆-၉ ။ ျ - ။

(Siamese Senna/Kassod Tree - Senna siamea) - ၂၀ ။ ၀

။ ECHO ။ - ။ ။ ၀

၀ ။ - ။ -၂ ( - ။ (၉.၈ ) ။ ၀၀ ။ ျ - ။

( ) (Sunnhemp - Crotalaria juncea) - ( ) ၀ ။ / ။ECHO “ ” ။ -

။ - ။ ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ။ ၀ ။ ျ - ( ) ။

(Sweet Potato - Ipomoea batatas) - ၀ - ။ ( - ၼ ) ။ - ၀ ။

- ၀ ( .၆ ။ ျ - ( )။

/ (Tropical/Indian Lettuce - Lactuca indica) - (self-seeding semi-perennial) ။ “ECHO ” ေ ။ - ၀ ။ ။ ။ - ၀ ၀-၆၀ ( .၆-၂ ။

။ ၀၀ / ။ ျ ျ - ျ ၀ (mild detergent solution) ။

(Vegetable Taro - Colocasia esculenta) - ။ / ။ - / ။

။ - ၀ / ။ ။ ။ ။ - ။ ( . ။ ျ - ။

(Wax gourd/Wintermelon - Benincasa hispida) - -၆၀ ။ ECHO ေ ။ - ။

။ - ၀ - ( .၆- . ။ ျ - ၀ ။

(Winged Bean - Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) - ( ) ။ ECHO ‘Day Neutral’ ေ ။ ( -ၾကာ ျ )။ - ။ - ၀ ( .၈ ၼ ။ ျ -

ျ ၀ ျ ။

- ။ ။

(Bitter Gourd/Melon - Momordica charantia) - ။ - ။ ။ ။ ။ - ၀ ( .၈

ၼ ၾ ။ ျ - ျ ၀ (mild detergent solution) ။

( ) (Calabash Gourd - Lagenaria siceraria) - ( ) ။ECHO “ ” “ (Om Koi

Long)” “ECHO ( ) (ECHO Bottle)” ။ - ။ - ၀ ငတ- ( .၆- . ။

ျ - ၀ ။

(Luffa - Luffa cylindrica) - ၀ ။ - ။ - ( . ၾ ။

ျ - ။ ။ ။

ဤ / ။ ၀ ဤ ( ) - Community Forum

(Kimberly Duncan) Ft. Myers Global Farm ECHO ECHO ။ (Niemet Chompoothong) ECHO ။ ( ) (Rick Burnette ) ECHO (ECHO Asia Impact Center) ။

Anchalee C., Tewin T. and Rachana S. 2010. Effect of Gymnema inodorum on postprandial

peak

plasma glucose levels in healthy human. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(7), pp.

1079-1085,

http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/pdf/pdf2010/15Feb/Chiabchalard%20et%20al.pdf

(accessed April 28, 2012).

Chongtham, N., M.S. Bisht and S. Haorongbam. 2011. Nutritional Properties of Bamboo

Shoots: Potential and Prospects for Utilization as a Health Food. Comprehensive Reviews in

Food Science and Food Safety, Vol 10, Issue 3, p.p. 153-168.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00147.x/full# (accessed April

18, 2012).

Globinmed. Global information hub on integrated medicine:

http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62795:gymne

ma-inodorum-lour-decne&catid=371:g.

Herklots, G.A.C. 1972. Vegetables in South-East Asia. George, Allen & Unwin, LTD.

London.

Palada, M.C. and L.C. Chang. 2003. Suggested Cultural Practices for Kangkong.

International Cooperator’s Guide.AVRDC pub# 03-554.Asian Vegetable Research and

Development Center.

Sukulpanich, A. and Gritsanapan, W. 2009. Laxative anthraquinone contents in fresh and

cooked Senna siamea leaves. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public

Health. 2009 Jul: 40 (4): 835-9, accessed 4 April 2012,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19842421.

Tropical Forages:

http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Crotalaria_juncea.htm.

Burnette, Rick,Niemet Chompoothong, Kimberly Duncan, Janis Koknevics, and Ruth Tshin.

Copyright: ECHO Asia, Thailand Foundation, 2012.

( ) (Janis Koknevics) (Ruth Tshin)။ - ECHO ၂၀ ၂။