King Henry School

Art Year 8 Knowledge Organiser

Term 2 African Masks

Dogon People of MaliThe Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture and their architecture. The past century has seen significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, partly because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions.

Key Facts

Religious Beliefs

Highest in the order of supernatural beings is Amma, the supreme creator

Ceremonies Dogon ceremonies are mostly concerned with agriculture and death

Dances An important tradition is the Dama or masked funeral dance. By masquerading behind masks, the dancers allow the souls of the deceased to escape to their final resting place and to join the ranks of their ancestors.

Websites for further informationhttps://britishmuseum.org/africa_and_the_british_museum.aspxhttps://www.horniman.ac.uk/index.php/learn/learning-resources/learning-pack/masks-packhttps://www.si.edu/Museums/african-art-museum.

King Henry School

Drama Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

King Henry School

English Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Characters (AO1):

1.Ebenezer Scrooge: Miserly, mean, bitter,

materialistic, unsympathetic, indifferent, cold,

selfish, isolated, cynical, charitable, value

driven, generous, happy, sociable, transformed.

2. Marley’s Ghost: Materialistic, self-centred,

terrifying, haunting, exhausted, direct,

reformed, regretful, hopeful, selfless, wise

3. Bob Cratchit: Uncomplaining, tolerant,

courteous, deferential, patient, civil, eager,

pleasurable, good-humoured, playful, caring,

tender, cheerful, loving, forgiving.

4. Fred: Warm-hearted, empathetic, cheerful,

optimistic, even-tempered, insightful,

determined, generous, forgiving, jovial,

enthusiastic, caring

5. Ghost of Christmas Past: Contradictory,

strong, gentle, quiet, forceful, questioning,

mysterious

6. Ghost of Christmas Present:

Compassionate, abundant, generous, cheerful,

jolly, friendly, severe, sympathetic

7. Ghost of Christmas Future : Mysterious,

silent, ominous, intimidating, frightening, reoslute

8. Tiny Tim: Frail, ill, good, religious

Key Quotations (AO1):

Stave One

‘He was as tight-fisted as a grind stone’ – about Scrooge

‘His face was ruddy and handsome, his eyes sparkled’ – Fred (presented as the opposite to Scrooge)

‘I wear the chain I forged in life’ –Ghost of Marley

Stave Two

‘It wore a tunic of the purest white… from the crown of its head there sprung a bright clear jet of light’ – Ghost of Christmas

Past

‘A lonely boy was sat reading near a feeble fire’ – Scrooge as a young boy

‘”Your lip is trembling,’ said the Ghost, ‘And what is that upon your cheek?’ – first sign of emotion from Scrooge

Stave Three

‘There sat a jolly Giant, who wore a glowing torch…it was clothed in one simple green robe’ – Ghost of Christmas Present

‘God bless us everyone!’ – Tiny Tim’s positive attitude

‘Tell me Tiny Tim will live…’ – Scrooge showing compassion.

Stave Four

‘The phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached’ – Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

‘I fear you more than any spectre I have seen’ – Scrooge

‘Tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone!’ – Scrooge desperate to change his ways

‘I will honour Christmas in my heart’ - Scrooge

Stave Five

‘I’ll raise your salary Bob and endeavour to assist your struggling family’ – Scrooge changing his ways.

‘to Tiny Tim, who did NOT die, he [Scrooge] was a second father’ – Scrooge changing his ways

‘Wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, won-der-ful happiness!’ – repetition shows Scrooge’s joy at the end.

Key Themes (AO1):

Christmas

Spirit

Redemption

Poverty

Social

responsibility

Supernatural

Family

Loneliness and

isolation

Time

Education

Sentence starters:

Point (AO1): Recycle the question and write ‘as’

Evidence (AO1): For example/ This is seen when ‘…’

Analysis (AO2): This [word/method] ‘…’ implies/suggests…

It makes us realise/think/feel/imagine…

Furthermore, the word ‘…’ is crucial because…

Link (AO3): This could represent/symbolise the … in society/it may

represent Dickens view that…

A CHRISTMAS

CAROL

King Henry School

English Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Context (AO3):

Dickens’ Life

1. Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Hampshire into a middle class

family.

2. His dad was imprisoned for debt leading to poverty for the family.

3. Charles was put to work at Warren’s Blacking Factory.

4. Dickens found employment as an office boy at an attorneys.

5. A Christmas Carol was written in 1843

Industrial Revolution

1. From 1780 factory owners in Britain began to use coal-fired steam engines to power

the machines in big factories, bringing great fortune.

2. Transition from traditional farming methods to machinery led to Industrial revolution.

3. People flocked from the countryside to the cities. London’s population between 1800

and 1900 from 1 million to 6 million people. This led to over-crowding and hunger,

disease and crime. There were no proper drainage / sewage systems. Many families

had to share one tap / toilet. Children suffered the most and were exploited by factory

owners who forced them to work long hours in dangerous conditions.

Charity

1. Industrial revolution led to a gap between the rich and poor with many struggling to

survive relying on the generosity of those better off than themselves.

2. Some philanthropists were keen to enhance the lives of the workers. Cadburys tried to

provide quality homes and improve lifestyles of workers at their factory in Bournville.

Education

1. Dickens believed strongly in the importance of education.

2. As part of his campaign against the treatment of the poor, Dickens worked with a

friend called Angela Burdett-Coutts.

3. In 1840s, Dickens and Coutts became involved in the Ragged Schools. The aim was to

provide poor children with basic education.

4. Dickens believed that it is through education that one can leave poverty.

Religion

1. Christianity held a strong influence in Victorian Britain, especially amongst the middle

/ upper classes.

2. Good Christians believed in a strict moral code – attending church regularly, avoiding

alcohol and exercise sexual restraint.

3. Dicken’s view on Christianity was different. He believed that to be a good Christian

people should seek out opportunities to do good deeds for other people.

4. Sabbatarianism – when people spent Sunday going to church and resting. Dickens

was opposed to this because it meant that working poorer people were denied any

enjoyment on their one day off – everything was shut.

5. Poorer people didn’t have ovens at home so often food cooked by bakers.

Stave One

1. Introduced to Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. He is a lonely miser obsessed with money.

2. We learn Jacob Marley, Scrooge’s business partner, died exactly 7 years earlier.

3. 4. Scrooge is visited by his nephew Fred, who invites his uncle to Christmas dinner. Scrooge refuses.

5. Scrooge is visited by two charity workers, asking for donations. Scrooge refuses and exclaims he wants to be left

alone.

6. Scrooge allows Bob to have Christmas Day off.

7. Scrooge, when he is home, is visited by the Ghost of Jacob Marley – warning him he will be visited by three more

ghosts to help him change his ways.

Stave Two

1. Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past who takes him to witness his past.

2. Scrooge is taken first to his schoolboy years and he is reminded how his friends would go home from Christmas while

he was left at school.

3. We see him with his sister, who one year took him home for the holidays.

4. Next we are shown Scrooge as a young apprentice, working for Fezziwig. Dickens describes the Christmas ball

Fezziwig organised for his employees.

5. Finally, Scrooge is taken to see his ex-fiancée, Belle. We see the scene when they break up, as money has taken

over Scrooge’s life.

6. Scrooge cannot bear to see any more and struggles with the spirit.

Stave Three

1. Scrooge is then visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present.

2. The spirit shows Scrooge how the Cratchit family celebrate Christmas. He sees Tiny Tim

3. Scrooge is then taken to see how others celebrate Christmas: miners, lighthouse workers, sailors on a ship.

4. He is then taken to Fred’s house at Christmas, where they are playing games.

5. The spirit then begins to age, and see under the spirit’s robes two children: Want and Ignorance.

6. The Ghost of Christmas Future then appears.

Stave Four

1. The Ghost of Christmas Future is described.

2. The spirit takes Scrooge to see a group of businessmen discussing someone who has died.

3. Scrooge is then taken to see Old Joe, where he is in the process of buying property of the dead man – which have

been stolen.

4. Scrooge then returns to Bob Cratchit’s house, where it is revealed Tiny Tim has died.

5. Scrooge is then taken to the graveyard and is shown a grave stone and realises this is for him.

6. Scrooge falls to his knees and begs that he will change his ways.

Stave Five

1. Scrooge wakes up in his own bed.

2. Scrooge wonders how much time has passed and calls to a boy. He then sends the boy to the poulterer for the prize

turkey to give to Bob Cratchit,

3. Scrooge meets one of the charity collectors from earlier and whispers to him that he will give a large donation.

4. Scrooge then goes to Fred’s house and is welcomed in. He enjoys the dinner and party.

5. On Boxing Day, Scrooge arrives early to work, and plays a trick on Bob. Scrooge then tells him he is going to raise

his salary and promises to help Bob’s struggling family

6. Scrooge is described to have completely changed and becomes a ‘second father’ to Tiny Tim – ‘who did not die

King Henry School

French Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Tu aimes le sport? Oui, j’aime beaucoup le sport, parce que c’estexitant.Quel est ton sport préféré? Je préfère le tennis en été quand il faitchaud. Tu préfères regarder le sport ou participer? Participer c’est mieux…Tu préfères le sport d’équipe or individuel? J’aime jouer avec mes amis…Il y a un sport que tu voudrais essayer? Je n’ai pas essayé le ski …Quel sport tu faisais quand tu étais enfant que tu ne fais plus ? Je jouaisau babinton, mais ..Quand on fait du sport, il est important de toujours gagner? Je suiscompétitif comme ça…Quels sont les avantages de pratiquer un sport? Pour moi ce qui est bien c’est que…Quand tu as participé á un sport pour la dernière fois? C’était au collège, nous jouions…Comment est le sport á l’école? Les installations sont assez bonneset….Tu as fais du sport depuis l’école? Oui, á l’université.

Sporting placesLa piscine – swimming poolLe terrain - the courtLa patinoire - ice rinkLa salle de musculation - gymLe terrain de football - football pitchLe centre sportif - sports centre

Theme 2 Sports

Quel sport fais-tu?What sports do

you do?

Hago/ Practico …I do/ I

practise…

de l’ atlètisme athletics

du vélo cycling

du ski skiing

du patinage skating

de l’ équitation horse-riding

de la natation swimming

de la gymnastique gymnastics

de la voile sailing

Je joue … I play..

Au badminton badminton

au rugby rugby

Au basketball basketball

au squash squash

au cricket cricket

au tenis tennis

au football football

au hockey hockey

au golf golf

au volley-ball volleyball

Present tense of aller + infinitive

e.g. je vais jouer = I am going to play

très = veryBeaucoup = a lotun peu = a littleassez = quite

Sporting verbsGagner - to winPerdre - to loseDessiner – to drawMarquer un but – to

score a goalJouer - to playfaire - to doaller - to goEntraîner - to trainParticiper - to take partGuarder la forme –

keep fitPartir á la retraite -

to retireprendre - to take

Unit intent: To engage students intent in learning about the natural environment. To teach about different processes that form unique physical features.

Giants Causeway: This is caused by fast flowing magma which then initially cools very quickly but internally cools very slowly; the rock it becomes is called basalt.

Tessellated pavement: This formation of rock is caused by salt water crystalizing and forcing apart cracks in sedimentary rocks. This phenomenon is found in Australia.

Death Valley: Located on the West Coast of America in the state of California Death valley is famous for the sailing stones; Rocks which appear to be moving by themselves across the desert. It is believed these are moved by freezing sheets of ice which appear infrequently in the desert.

Key words:Basalt: An Igneous (volcanic) rock Sedimentary Rock: Rock formed by the compression of sedimentLimestone: A sedimentary rockErosion: The gradual destruction of somethingDevelopment: A state of growthInfrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operations of a societyCrater: A large bowl shaped cavity in the groundCaustic: To be able to burn or corrode organic tissueSolar particles: The particles emitted from the sunPlague: an unusually large number of insects of animals infesting a place causing damage

Dubai: Known as the desert city, Dubai has seen vast development in the past 40 years. This has been due to great investment in infrastructure; particularly in telecommunications and transport.

Sink Holes: These are formed n limestone when the water erodes away the stone beneath the soil from below; causing the land above to give way when it is supported.

Dervaza crater: This is a natural crater which emits methane; it was set alight in 1971 to try to control the release of the gas but has continued to burn ever since.

Lake Natron: Also known as the deadly calcifying lake, the water here is extremely salty and caustic, only life specially adapted can survive here, such as flamingos who return here each year to mate.

Northern Lights: Also known as Aurora Borealis, these are caused when solar particles excite oxygen and nitrogen particles in the atmosphere to make them glow.

Plague of Locusts: This occurs when the conditions are prefect for millions of locusts to hatch and form swarms, these swarms are brought together by the winds, when there is enough food the plague grows.

Key Geographical skills• Locusts these phenomenon on a

map• Explaining processes such as

erosion or rock formation• Considering the impacts of

tourism on these places

King Henry School – Geography Yr 8

Knowledge Organiser Term 2

King Henry School

History Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

What is the Alternative View of Colonisation?

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/india/india_europeans.htmhttp://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.ukhttps://www.britishempire.co.uk

Key TermsAnachronism – A thing which exists in a historical period that it is not from.Analysis - detailed study of the elements or structure of something.Cause and Consequence – The events and trends leading up to and resulting from a historical eventChange and Continuity – Judging if historical enquiries are a dramatic change or continuation of what has gone before.Chronology - the arrangement of events or dates in the order of when they happened.Colonisation - the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.Commonwealth - a group of nations with a shared loyalty or government.East India Company – an English company formed in 1600 and granted exclusive rights to trade with India.Empire - a group of countries ruled over by a single monarch or ruling power. Impact – an effect or influence.Inference – A conclusion based on reasoning.International Relationships -relations between foreign nations. Interpretation – An individual’s idea about an event or theme in history.Mughals – the imperial dynasty ruling India from the 16th-19th century.Observation – Something you can see or know from looking at a source.Significance – The meaning to be found in events.

Source - An object that can tell us about the past.

King Henry School

ICT Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

KeywordsWord Meaning/Description

Variable A variable is when the computer

remembers the answer so that it can be

used later.Run time

errorAn error that occurs when you run the

program is called a “run time” error.

The most common cause of a run time error

is when the wrong data type is used; for

instance when a value is classed as text

when it should be a numeric value.

Comments Programmers used comments to help

explain the code.

Range Range is a function which we will look at

more in a little while.

For loop

Range

function

If statement Sometimes you may want Python to be able to make a decision. To help you understand the logic, we can use a simple decision tree diagram.

Logic errors Logic Errors occur when your program is

telling the computer to do something

wrong.def A def is a keyword which allows you to

define a new function. This will create a

function called “count” and the argument

will use a variable called “number”.

Libraries Libraries are used to store common functions that you may want to use in Python.In order to use certain functions you need to import the relevant library.

What is Python Try this first program

• Python is a typed computer language which makes writing short programs very fast and powerful.

• It is used by many large organisations including:

• It also works well with Google Apps and is one of the three languages which you can use to create applications for the Android operating system.

At the prompt, type in the following:

When you hit the Enter key what happens?

What does the word “print” do?

Write a Joke

Write the code to display the first

line of a joke:

Write another line to display the

answer:

Your taskDuring this term you will be looking at ways to write programs using programming codes. You will have the opportunity to start with basic programs and then extend it to more complex programming.

Rules for Variable Names1. The variable name must make

sense to you as it will help you when you need to use it in your programming.

2. It cannot be a dedicated word that Python already uses such as “print”.

3. Keep it short as you will need to refer to it again so avoid variable names that are too long.

4. You cannot use any mathematical symbols in the variable name.

5. It must not contain any spaces.6. You can use “Camel Case” for

variable names where you use a capital letter for the beginning of each word e.g.: FirstName. It is called camel case as it ends up with “humps”.

7. Variables are case sensitive so make sure you remember if you use upper, lower or camel case.

Operator Description

< Less than

> Greater than

<= Less than or equal to

>=Greater than or equal to

== Equal to

!= Not equal to

Find out all you need to know at:

www.python.org

King Henry School

Maths Year 8 Knowledge Organiser

Term 2

King Henry School

Music Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Music in outer space – Many musicianshave created music inspired by space.This unit we will look at Holst’s ThePlanets and some other music inspired byspace.

Suggested listeningThe Planets Suite by Holst

Space Oddity by David Bowie

Walking on the Moon byThe Police

The race for space by Public Service Broadcasting

The Final Countdown by Europe

Q: Can you hear how space has influenced these musicians?Q: Are you able to find other example of music inspired by Space?

Keywords to learn:Suite – collection of short pieces of musicRallentando – getting slowerAccelerando – getting fasterForte – ‘strong’ loud dynamicPiano – quiet dynamicPolyphonic – two or more simultaneous lines of independent melodyMonophonic – a single melody only – (common in folk music)Stave lines – 5 lines we write the music on

Points to exploreWriting music – How can you write your music down accurately?Can you write/type your composition up in neat?Useful link/download: https://www.avid.com/sibelius-first -Sibelius First - Free version of Sibelius music writing softwarehttps://musescore.org/en -- Free music writing software an alternative to Sibelius

What would you expect? What would you expect a peaceful planet to sound like? What instruments would you be hearing?What would you expect a planet inspired by the Roman God of War to sound like?What would you like your planet to sound like?

King Henry School

RS Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Key Words

Covenant A religious agreement. In Judaism, this agreement was made between God and

Abraham. Passover The major Jewish spring festival which commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from

Egyptian slavery.

Torah The first part of the Jewish holy book. It refers to the first five books of Moses

(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy).Exodus The mass departure of the Israelites from Egypt led by Moses.

Tenakh The Jewish Scriptures comprising the books of law, the prophets, and collected

writings - Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim.

Seder Plate A special plate of symbolic foods eaten during the Passover meal.

Mitzvot Jewish laws (of which there are 613) Legalism Following Jewish law in everyday Jewish life

Bar Mitzvah The initiation ceremony of a Jewish 13 year old boy who is regarded as ready to

fully observe Jewish practice and public worship.

Liberal Willing to respect or accept behaviour or opinions different from one's own; open to new

ideas.

Bat Mitzvah The initiation ceremony of a Jewish 12 year old girl who is regarded as ready to

fully observe Jewish practice and public worship.

Reform Make changes in order to improve something.

Yad A pointer stick used to aid in the reading of the Torah scroll. Orthodox Following or conforming to the traditional or generally accepted rules or beliefs of a

religion, philosophy, or practice.

Key Ideas

What Is a Judaism?

Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions and was founded over 3500 years ago in the Middle

East.

Jews believe that God appointed the Jews to be his chosen people in order to set an example of holiness

and ethical behaviour to the world.

Resource Links

Go to www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ go to the KS3 Religious

Studies section and make a mind-map or list of bullet

points about a topic of your choice…

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z4hg9j6

What is the Torah?

Jews believe that God dictated the Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai 50 days after their exodus from Egyptian slavery. They believe that the Torah shows how God wants Jews to live. It contains

613 commandments. The Torah is written in Hebrew, the oldest of Jewish languages. The Torah is the first section or first five books of the Jewish bible. However, Tenach is more commonly

used to describe the whole of Jewish scriptures. This is an acronym made up from the first letter of the words Torah, Nevi im (prophets), and Ketuvim (writings).

What is Passover?

Passover is one of the most important religious festivals in the Jewish calendar. Jews celebrate the Feast of Passover (Pesach in Hebrew) to commemorate the liberation of the Children of Israel

who were led out of Egypt by Moses.

Jews have celebrated Passover since about 1300 BC, following the rules laid down by God in Exodus 13 and the celebrations last for seven or eight days, depending on where in the world you

live.

What is Legalism?

Jews believe that God provides them with moral and spiritual guidance by which to live. For Jews, human life has a special, sacred status. There are 613 mitzvot, which are Jewish rules or

commandments. They cover many aspects of Jewish life, some in great detail. Jews agreed to follow these rules when they were given to Moses as part of the covenant at Mount Sinai.

Following these laws is a core part of Jewish identity. The 613 mitzvot can be found in the Torah and they guide Jews on how to live a good life. Many Jews believe that disobeying the mitzvot

will result in punishment.

Orthodox Views

Orthodox Judaism believes that the Jewish people left the slavery of

Egypt and made contact with God at Mount Sinai. There, through Moses,

they would be given the Torah. Moses was also taught the deeper

meaning of that book and that explanation was passed from teacher to

pupil and was known as the 'oral tradition'. Followers of Orthodox

Judaism are very traditional and not very open to modern interpretation.

Liberal Views

Liberal Judaism is a progressive form of Judaism that aims to bring

Judaism and modernity together. Liberal Jews apply Judaism's

religious and cultural tradition in the setting of the modern way of

thinking and the modern views of morality. They seek to live

according to the prophetic ideal - to do justice, love kindness and to

obey God.

Assessment

An opportunity to show off your learning so far!

The assessment at the end of the

Autumn Term combines your

learning from both Autumn 1

and Autumn 2 (Islam and

Judaism).

King Henry School

Spanish Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

¿Te gusta el deporte? Sí, me gusta mucho el deporte porque es emocionante. ¿Cuál es tu deporte preferido? Prefiero el tenis en verano cuando hace sol. ¿Prefieres ver el deporte o participar en el deporte? Participar es mejor…¿Prefieres el deporte de equipo o individual? Me gusta jugar con amigos…¿Hay un deporte que te gustaría probar? No he probado el esquí …¿Qué deportes hacías de pequeño que ya no haces? Jugaba al badmintonpero ..¿Cuando haces el deporte es importante ganar siempre? Soy competitivo así …¿Cuáles son los beneficios de practicar el deporte? Para mí, lo bueno es que…¿Cuándo fue la ultima vez que practicaste el deporte? Fue en el colegio jugamos¿Qué tal el deporte en el colegio? Las facilidades son bastante buenas y ….¿practicarás el deporte después del colegio? Sí, jugaré en la universidad.

Using 2 verbs togetherNote how the second is in the infinitive. Acabar de + inf. – To have just done sthAcabo de ganar – I have just won.Volver (ue) a – to do againVuelve a marcar un gol – she scores againSoler (ue) + inf – to tend to do / usuallySuelo perder – I usually lose

Sporting placesLa piscina – swimming poolLa pista - the courtLa pista de hielo - ice rinkLa gimnasia -gymEl campo de futbol - football pitchEl polideportivo - sports centre

Theme 2 Sports

¿Qué deportes

practicas?

What sports do

you do?

Hago/

Practico …I do/ I practise…

(el) atletismo athletics

(el) ciclismo cycling

(el) esquí skiing

(el) patinaje skating

(la) equitación horse-riding

(la) natación swimming

(la) gimnasia gymnastics

(la) Vela sailing

Juego … I play..

al bádminton badminton

al rugby rugby

al baloncesto basketball

al squash squash

al cricket cricket

al tenis tennis

al fútbol football

al hockey hockey

al golf golf

al voleibol volleyball

Present tense of ir + a + infinitive e.g. Voy a jugar = I am going to play

Intensifiers muy = verymucho = a lotun poco = a littlebastante = quite demasiado = to

Sporting verbsGanar - to winPerder - to loseEmpatar – to drawMarcar un gol – to

score a goalJugar (ue) - playHacer - to doIr - to goEntrenar - to trainParticipar - to take

partMantenerse en forma –

keep fitJubilar(se) - to retireLlevar - to take

King Henry School

Science Year 8 Knowledge

Organiser Term 2

Quizlet https://quizlet.com/_50bcb0

BBC Bitesize https://www.bbc.com/education/topics/zstp34j

Archetypal questions

Draw a particle diagram showing an element, a compound, a mixture of elements, a

mixture of compounds.

Hydrogen and oxygen react together to make water. Write a word (and symbol)

equation for this reaction.

Plot a graph of the solubility data of potassium nitrate.

Determine the mass of potassium nitrate that can be dissolved in 250 g of water at

40°C.

A mixture of sand, salt and iron filings is provided. Describe and explain a separation

method to produce dry samples of each substance.

From a chromatogram, identify how many components there are in each mixture,

and which components are in more than one mixture.

# Questions Answers

Atoms, elements, compounds etc.

1 What is an element? A pure substance which contains only one type of

atom. Elements cannot be broken down into

simpler substances.

2 What is an atom? The smallest particle in an element that can exist.

3 What is an element

symbol?

A shorthand way of writing element names.

Always a capital letter, sometime followed by a

lower case letter.

4 Name the first ten

elements.

Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron,

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon.

5 Name the second ten

elements.

Sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon,

phosphorous, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium,

calcium.

6 How are all the

known elements

arranged?

In the Periodic Table of Elements.

7 What is a compound? A substance formed from two or more elements in

fixed proportion, bonded together.

8 What ‘fixed

proportion’ mean in

terms of compounds?

The ratio of the atoms of each element does not

change – e.g. in water, H2O, there is always twice as

many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.

9 What is a molecule? A fixed number of atoms bonded together.

10 What is a pure

substance?

A substance containing only one chemical

substance.

11 What is a mixture? Two or more substances mixed together that are

not chemically combined.

Mixtures can be easily separated by physical means

(filtration, distillation etc).

12 How are mixtures

different from

compounds, in terms

of properties?

Mixtures: substances retain their properties.

Compounds: the new substance has different

properties from the initial substances.

What is a chemical formula? It is a list of the elements in a compound and the ratio of the number of atoms of each element.Find out what the chemical formulas are for the following:• water• ammonia• methane• sodium hydroxideTry also to name the binary compounds

Can you describe the process of chromatography?

A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent. Name three common solvents?Research the following terms and make sure you can describe them:• filtering• evaporation• crystallisation• distillation • solvent• soluteWhat does soluble and insoluble mean? Can you give an example?

SPECIAL DIETSLactose intolerance. People must avoid milk, cheese butter , yogurt and processed foods that contain milk products.

Coeliac disease ( gluten intolerance). People must avoid wheat, wheat products, pasta, noodles, semolina, bread, pastry, sauces, rye, barley and oats (including breakfast cereals. They can eat rice, potatoes, corn and corn products.

Nut allergy. People must avoid nuts, blended cookingoils and margarines that contains nut oils.

Diabetes. Diabetics find it difficult to control theirblood sugar levels, so they need to eat starchy foods atregular intervals. They avoid foods high in sugar.

Vegans do not eat the flesh of any animal or any animalproduct e.g. cheese.

Lacto-vegetarians do not eat the flesh of any animalbut they will eat eggs, milk, cheese, honey etc.

Muslims do not eat pork. They eat Halal meat.

Hindus do not eat beef.

Some Sikhs avoid meat and fish.

METHODS OF COOKING

Heat transfers in three ways:

Conduction

Metal is a conductor of heat and carries the heat from the heat source to the food

Convection

When heated, gas or air particles expand and rise, causing colder particles to sink, creating convection currents which distribute heat.

Radiation

Heat is transferred directly onto the surface

KEY PROCESSES:Kneading-to work dough, to developthe gluten that is found inflour, this gives bakedgoods their structure andtexture. When makingdough, the flour and otherdry ingredients arecombined with the wetingredients, usually warmwater, along with yeast.

Handling Raw Meat -Always wash hands withwarm water and soap for20 seconds before andafter handling raw meat.

Don't cross-contaminate!Keep raw meat, poultry,fish, and their juices awayfrom other food. Washcutting board, utensils,and countertops with hot,soapy water after use.

Reducing – heating up asauce based product toevaporate the water andmaking the sauce thickerin consistency.

Wider thinking / further reading:www.foodafactoflife.org.uk www.grainchain.com

1. Protein

2. Fat

3. Carbohydrate

4. Vitamins

5. Minerals

PLUS Water and Fibre (neither are nutrients but are required for a healthy diet).

COOKING SKILLS

ChopFoldRoll

KneadShape

SimmerBoilBakeFry

Multicultural FoodsPizza and Bolognese- Italy

Curry and Naan Bread- India Fajitas- Mexico

Clean hands. Hair tied back. Wear an apron. Wear blue plasters. Don’t

cough/sneeze over food.

Doesn’t keep food fresh

King Henry School

Design Technology Year 8 - Food

Knowledge Organiser Term 2

King Henry School

Design Technology Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Computer Aided EngineeringComputers and computer systems have been around since the 1940’s, below are some key terms:-C.A.D Computer Aided DesignComputer-aided design is the use of computers to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.C.N.C. Computer Numerical ControlComputer numerical control (CNC) is a method for automating control of machine tools through the use of software embedded in a microcomputer attached to the tool. It is commonly used in manufacturing for machining metal and plastic parts.C.A.D/C.A.M Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided ManufactureCAD/CAM stands for computer-aided design & computer-aided manufacturing. CAD/CAM software is used to design and manufacture prototypes, finished products, and production runs. An integrated CAD/CAM system offers one complete solution for design through manufacturing.

2D Design V2The software you will use is 2D Design V2 and can be found in all programs—Design and Technology– 2D Design V2.First set grid lock by double clicking on GRID on the right hand tool bar and change the grid spacing to 5mm (both X and Y.

Next switch grid lock on.

Now select SHAPES on the left hand tool bar.

Draw a box on the grid 50 x 60 mm. look at the bottom of the screen and you will see three sets of numbers. Use the middle set to check you have drawn a box the correct size.

Select LINES on the left hand tool bar.Draw lines from corner to corner of the box in order to find the centre.Key tools and machinery for the

pencil holder project

Steel rule

Try square

Pencil Twist drill

Marking gauge

Tenon saw

Safety goggles

Vice

Sand paper

Belt sander

King Henry School

Design Technology Year 8 Knowledge Organiser Term 2

Examples of Annotations CUSTOMER – the customer will be ……..

aged ……….

Because there are not enough textiles product on the market for

this customer age group.

THEME -I will use the theme of …………….

Because I need to base my ideas on one theme and ……… will

be popular with my target market.

MATERIALS - For my textiles product I will

be using and calico and cotton lawn.

I will have to use polyester to do my sublimation as this is the

best fabric for this method and cotton is the best fabric to tie-

dye.

DECORATION – I will be using Tie Dye and

sublimation printing to decorate my textiles

product.

Because these methods of decoration are suitable for my

product, they are relatively cheap to produce and they will be

very colourful. I will also consider using machine and hand

embroidery or applique.

COMPONENTS – I will consider using

decorative components like …………….

I think that components will make my product more appealing

my customers.

CONSTRAINTS – Time and materials will be

my constraints.

Because I will have limited time and materials to make my

product.

SAFETY – I will make my product safe for

the user and during the making of the

textiles product.

Safety is important to customers and to workers who make

textiles products.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS – I

will ensure that I have considered the

impact on the environment and I will

consider using recycles materials within

the textiles product.

Customers are aware of how textiles products affect the

environment and these environmental issues need to be

considered by designers. Where possible materials that are

recycled and environmentally friendly materials should and will

be used.

PRICE – The price of making my product

will be …………….

Because I would like to make a cushion that will sell well and

that is affordable.

Example Design Specification.

You need to now write your design specification, you need to write a sentence about the following specification points:

Target market - who is the product for?

Materials – fabrics?

Components – Googly eyes, buttons, polyester stuffing….. Size – in cm e.g. __cm by __cm

Price – how much will the product cost to buy?

Where will the product be sold?

Function of the product? – what will it do?

What decorative techniques will you use? – applique, hand embroidery, fabric printing….. What colours will you use?

What shape will the product be?

How To Do Annotation and Evaluation

Questions to Answer on Your Design Specification

Year 8

Autumn 2

Knowledge

organiser