KINGDOMS AND CLASSIFICATION

pp. 337-350

TAXONOMYnaming and grouping organisms according to

characteristics and evolutionary history

TAXONa group within the system

LevelsDomain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

TWO GROUPS

• Prokaryotes (P)

• Eukaryotes (E)

• Two groups broken into three domains based on comparison of rRNA sequences

• Domain Bacteria (P)

• Domain Archaea (P)

• Domain Eukarya (E)

3 DOMAINS MADE OF 6 KINGDOMS

6 KINGDOMS OF CLASSIFICATION (pg 349)

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

-unicellular prokaryotes

-true bacteria

KINGDOM ARCHEABACTERIA

-unicellular prokaryotes

-chemosynthetic

- extremophiles

KINGDOM PROTISTA

-heterotrophic/autotrophic eukaryotes

-unicellular or multicellular (kelp)

KINGDOM FUNGI

- Heterotrophic eukaryotes

- Absorb nutrients from surroundings

EX. Yeast, mold and mushrooms, athlete’s foot

KINGDOM PLANTAE

- Multicellular eukaryotic plants

- Mostly autotrophic and photosynthetic

EX. Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

- Eukaryotic- All multicellular- Heterotrophic

SYSTEMATICS

• Classify organisms based on natural traits

• Uses similarities in appearance, embryos, chromosomes, proteins, and molecular molecules (DNA & RNA)

PHYLOGENETICS

• Based on evolutionary history

• Common ancestors

• Uses chromosomes and molecular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins

CLADISTICS

• Uses shared or derived characteristics unique to a taxon/group (I.E. feathers unique to birds)

Homework

• Worksheet with cladiogram

• Cover page