k‹ip¡^ u ap^pfrigp a ¡ k‹ip¡^ ep¡s>...

‚L$fZ - 4

kïp°^__u Ap^pfrigp A_° kïp°^_ ep°S>_p

4.1 ‚ı[ph_p

4.2 rhje_p° D]π $ch

4.3 kïp°^_ `Ÿr[

4.4 Ïep`rhÔh A_° _d|_p `k¨]$Nu

4.5 D`L$fZp°_u k¨fQ_p

4.6 dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ_u fu[

4.7 dprl[u `©\Ω$fZ_u fu[

93

‚L$fZ -4kïp°^__u Ap^pfrigp A_° kïp°^_ ep°S>_p

4.1 ‚ı[ph_p

ANpD_p ‚L$fZdp¨ kïp°^L° $ ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ dpV° $ Ap^pfÍ$` b_°gp `|h£

\e°gp¨ kïp°^_p°_u kdunp [°dS> ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ `|h£_p¨ kïp°^_p°_p k¨]$cÆdp¨

L$B ◊rÛV$A° rhriÛV$[p ^fph° R> °, [°_u `Z rhi]π $ QQpÆ lp\ ^fu l[u. kïp°^_

‚qæ$ep_y ¨ dl“h ı`ÛV$ L$f[p¨ X$u. A°. DQpV$ S>Zph° R> ° L° $ -

“ kïp°^_ A° A°L$ kyı`ÛV$, _Ω$f A_° h•opr_L$ ‚qæ$ep R>°.” 1

Apd, L$p °B`Z kïp°^_dp¨ ep°S>_pbŸ fu[ Qp°Ω$k dpN£ ApNm ^`[p¨ S>

›e°e ‚pr‡[ iºe b_° R> °, A_° dpV° $ S> kïp°^_ ‚qæ$ep_° kdS>hp kïp°^L° $ ‚ı[y[

‚L$fZdp¨ S>°_p `pep `f kïp°^_ r_cÆf lp°e R>° A°hu kïp°^__u Ap^pfrigp A_°

kïp°^_ ep°S>_p A¨[NÆ[ rhje_p° D]π $ch, kïp°^_ `Ÿr[, Ïep`rhÔh A_° _d|_p

`k¨]Nu, D`L$fZp°_u k¨fQ_p, dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ A_° dprl[u `©\Ω$fZ S>°hp

dl“h`|ZÆ dyÿpAp°_u rhı[©[ QQpÆ L$fhp_p° D`æ$d ıhuL$pep£ R> °.

4.2 rhje_p° D]π $ch

kïp°^_ dpV°$_u kdıep `k¨]$Nu A¨N° lqfcpB ]°$kpB_y¨ (1992) _y¨ d¨[Ïe R>°

L°$-

“ kïp°^_$L$pf Nd° [° ‚Ô__° kïp°^__u kdıep [fuL°$ ıhuL$pf[p° _\u.

kdıep S>Í$qfep[dp¨\u S>fid° R>°. L$p°B ‚Ô__p° DL°$g _ dm°, L$p°B hp[ _ kd≈e

L°$ hZDL°$Îep° ‚Ô_ tQ[p S>fidph° –epf° kïp°^__u c|rdL$p [•epf \pe R>°” 2

kïp°^L$ R> °Îgp ¨ `p ¨Q hjp£\u rinZ dlprh¤pgedp¨ k¨ıL© $[ `Ÿr[_p¨

A›ep`L$ [fuL° $ L$peÆf[ lp°hp\u [pgudp\wAp°_p [pgud_p¨ cpNÍ$`° Ahpf-_hpf

]$f hj£ rhrh^ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ku^p k¨`LÆ $dp¨ Aph° R> °. Ap kde ]$frdep_

dp›erdL$ rinZ L$npA° L$peÆf[ k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p rinL$p° kp\° rhi°j[: dp›erdL$

L$npA° dp›erdL$ A_° D√Q[f dp›erdL$ rinZ bp°XÆ $, Np¨û_Nf [fa\u g°hp[u

≈l°f `funpAp°_p¨ `qfZpdp°, ‚hÆ[dp_ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_p l°[yAp°, k¨ıL© $[

rhje_p° AÊepkæ$d A_° `pW$e`yı[L$, k¨ıL© $[ rhje_u A›ep`_ `Ÿr[Ap°,

k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_p¨ kp^_p°, k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y ¨ k¨]$cÆ kprl–e, k¨ıL© $[ rhjedp¨

N ©lL $ pe Æ , k ¨ıL © $[ rhje kp\ ° k ¨L $mpe °g ‚h © r—Ap °, k ¨ıL © $[ rhje rinZ_u94

kdıepAp°, k¨ıL©$[ rhje_y¨ d|Îep¨L$_ A_° `qfZpd rhjeL$ rhQpf rhdiÆ ]$frdep_

kïp°^L$_° A_°L$ ‚Ô_p° ≈°hp d˛ep l[p. rhrh^ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p rh¤p\wAp°_p

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p op__u [`pk L$f[p¨ `Z kïp°^L$_° A›ee_- A›ep`_ k¨b¨û

A_°L$ ‚Ô_p° ≈°hp d˛ep l[p.

L$p °B`Z rh¤p\w ƒepf° D√Q rinZ n°”° k¨ıL© $[ rhjedp¨ D√Q rkqŸ ‚p‡[

L$f° [°dp¨ dp›erdL$ rinZ dl“h_p° cpN cS>h[p° lp°e R>°. lpgdp¨ R>°Îgp¨ R>-kp[

hjÆ\u kfL$pf° ^p°fZ-6 \u k¨ıL© $[ rhje_° afrƒep[ rhje [fuL° $ ]$pMg L$ep£ R> ° [p°

bu∆ bpSy> ^p°fZ-10 dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje_° h•L$sÎ`L$ rhje [fuL° $ fpM°g R>°. Aphp

k¨≈°Np°dp¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨ k¨ıL©$[ rhje rinZ_u ‚h[Ædp_ `qfsı\r[ L°$hu

R> ° ? kp¨‚[ kdedp¨ k¨ıL© $[ cpjp_y ¨ S> ° dl“h R>° [°_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu_° dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp ¨ k¨ıL©[_y ¨ rinZ \pe R> ° Mfy ¨ ? k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y ¨ A›ee_ L$f[p ¨

rh¤p\wAp° A_° k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y ¨ A›ep`_ L$fph[p¨ rinL$p °_p Arc‚pep° iy ¨ R> ° ?

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p° AÊepkæ$d A_° `pW$È`yı[L$p °dp¨ LB DZ`p° R> ° ? dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZdp¨ L$B A›ep`_ `Ÿr[Ap° [\p L$ep i•nrZL$

kp^_p°_p° Dèp°N \pe R>°? k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZdp¨ A›ee_-A›ep`_ k¨b¨û

L$B kdıepAp° _X° $ R> °?Ap A_° Aphp A_°L$ ‚Ô_p°_p D—fp° d°mhhp_p [°dS>

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_u ‚h[Ædp_ `qfsı\r[ ≈Zu [°dp¨

ky^pfp-h^pfp k|Qhhp_p l°[ykf ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ rhje_p° D]π $ch \ep°.

4.3 kïp°^_ `Ÿr[

‚–e°L$ kïp°^__° r_rÚ[ Dÿ°Ìep° lp°e R>°. Ap Dÿ°Ìep°_u `|r[Æ dpV° $ kïp°^L$

‹pfp Qp°Ω$k h•opr_L$ `Ÿr[Ap° A`_phu AphÌeL$ dprl[u ‚p‡[ L$fu, kyep°¡e

rhÔg°jZ L$fu e\p\Æ r_ÛL$jÆ kyû `lp¢Qhy ¨ A° AphÌeL$ bpb[ R>°.

kïp °^_ kdıep_y ¨ Qp °L $kpB`|hÆL $ ı`ÛVuL$fZ \B Nep bp]$ kïp °^L$

kïp°^__p l°[yAp°_° A_yÍ$` dprl[u d°mhhp_p k¨]$cÆdp¨ rhqiÛV$ L$pep£ L$f° R> ° S> °_°

kïp°^_ `Ÿr[ L$lu iL$pe. i•nrZL$ kïp°^_p°dp¨ Sy>]$u-Sy>]$u `Ÿr[Ap° Dèp°Ndp¨

g°hpe R>°. S> °dL° $, Ïesº[ AÊepk `Ÿr[, ‚pep°rNL$ `Ÿr[, A•r[lrkL$ `Ÿr[,

kh£nZ `Ÿr[ hN°f°. ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ kh£nZ `Ÿr[_p° Dèp°N

L$ep£ R>°.

John W. Best (1986) `p°[p_p `yı[L$dp¨ kh£nZ `Ÿr[ rhi° _p¢^° R> ° L° $ ,

95

“The Survey is an important type of study. It must be confused

with the mere clerical routine of gathering and tabulating figures.

It involves a clearly defined problem and definite objectives. It

requires expert and imaginative planning, careful analysis and

interpretation of the data gathered and logical and ski l l ful

reporting of the findings.” 3

cÀ$u A_° `¨X$ep (1971) S>Zph° R> ° L° $ ,

“ kh£nZ A°V$g° A°L$ kdy]$pe_p¨ k¨`|ZÆ ∆h_ A\hp [°_p L$p°B A°L$ `pkp¨

k¨b¨r^[ Ïehsı\[ fu[° S>Í$fu [’ep°_y ¨ k¨L$g_ A_° rhÔg°jZ L$fhp_u `Ÿr[

dpV° $ h`fp[p° `pqfcprjL$ iÂ] $‚ep°N.” 4

Apd, kh£nZ `Ÿr[\u lp\ ^fhpdp¨ Aph°g kïp°^_dp¨ rhrh^ ‚L$pf_u

dprl[uAp°_° kpfZu ‚dpZ° Np°W$hu, L$p°B Qp°Ω$k ‚L$pf_u kdıepAp°_° kpd°g L$fu,

[°_p l°[yAp° r_^pÆqf[ L$fu, L$pm∆`|hÆL$_y ¨ `©\Ω$fZ A_° A\ÆOV$_ L$fu, ‚r[cphp°_°

Ap^pf° L$p •ig`|ZÆ A_° [pqLÆ $L$ fu[° [°_p¨ [pfZp° ‚p‡[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R> °.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje

rinZ_u ‚h[Ædp_ `qfsı\r[ k¨]$c£ rhı[©[ dprl[u ‚p‡[ L$fhp_u lp°e kh£nZ

`Ÿr[_p° Dèp°N L$fhp_y ¨ kïp°^L$_° DrQ[ S>Zpey ¨ l[y ¨.

4.4 Ïep`rhÔh A_° _d|_p `k¨]$Nu

Ïep`rhÔh A° Ïesº[Ap°_y ¨ L$p °B`Z A°hy ¨ S|>\ R>° L° $ S> °_u A°L$ L° $ [°\u h^y

gpnrZº[pAp° kpdpfie lp°e R>° L°$ S>°dp¨ kïp°^L$_° fk lp°e R>°. Ïep`rhÔh A° rhriÛV$

‚L$pf_u bû S> Ïesº[Ap°_y ¨ b_°gy ¨ lp°e R> °. L$p °B`Z kïp°^_ dpV° $ Ïep`rhÔh_°

Ïepøepre[ L$fhp_y ¨ A–e¨[ S>Í$fu b_° R> °.

Q°B_ Ïep`rhÔh A¨N° S>Zph° R> ° L° $,

“A population is the aggregate of all the case that conform to

some designated set of specification.”5

`pfiX ° $_p d[ d yS>b “ Ïep`rhÔh A°V $g ° kpdpfie A\Ædp ¨ L $ p °B`Z

kyÏepøepre[ L$fpe°gp hNÆ_p gp°L$p °, b_php° L° $ hı[yAp°_p b^p S> kÊep°.” 6

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[dp¨ Aph°g Ly $g 1209 dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep°

[°dS> ^p°fZ 8, 9 A_° 10 _p k¨ıL© $[ `pW$e`yı[L$_p Ly $g 11 fQre[pAp° A_° [S>op°

[fuL° $ huf _dÆ]$ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p¨ rinZ dlprh¤pgep°_p k¨ıL© $[

`Ÿr[_p¨ 32 A›ep`L$p ° kïp°^__y ¨ Ïep`rhÔh l[y ¨.

96

kïp°^_dp¨ kpdpfie fu[° kde, isº[ A_° _pZp¨_u depÆ]$p_° gu^° b^p¨ S>

A°L$dp°_p° AÊepk L$fu iL$p[p° _\u. hmu, L° $V $guL$hpf b^p A°L$dp°_p° AÊepk

iºe `Z lp °[p ° _\u. [ °\u k ïp °^_dp ¨ S> °_p ° AÊepk L $fhp_p ° lp °e [ °_p °

‚r[r_r^–hÍ$` _d|_p° `k¨]$ L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R> °. A_° [°_p° AÊepk Qp°L$kpB`|hÆL$,

KX$pZ`|hÆL$ A_° Ïehsı\[ fu[° L$fu_° A¨]$pS> d°mhhpdp¨ Aph° R>° A_° [°_p¨ [pfZp°

Ïep`rhÔh D`f gpNy `pX$hpdp¨ Aph° R> °.

L$rgÆNf_p d[° “ _d|_p° A°V$g° Ïep`rhÔh_p° A°hp° cpN L°$ S>° Ïep`rhÔh_y¨

‚r[tbb L$f[p° lp°e R>°.” 7

e¨N_p d[° “ _d|_p° A° A°L$ı`ÛV$ kd|l_y ¨ gOy ıhÍ$` R>°.” 8

Apd, Ïep`rhÔh_p ‚r[r_r^–hÍ$` A°hp `k¨]$ \e°gp L° $V $gpL$ A°L$dp°_p

kd|l_° _d|_p° L$l°hpdp¨ Aph° R> °.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ Ïep`rhÔhdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 1209

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp ¨\u ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p rS>Îgp [\p [pgyL$p ‚dpZ° 605

(50 %) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_u epÿs√R>L fu[° `k¨]$Nu L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u. Ap

605 S> °V $gp¨ dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y ¨ A›ep`_ L$peÆ L$f[p [dpd

rinL$p °_p° (839 rinL$p °_p°) _d|_p [fuL° $ kdph°i L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° l[p°. S> °dp¨\u

830 rinL$p ° ‹pfp ‚p‡[ dprl[u_° ›ep_dp¨ guû l[u.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ rS>Îgp ]$uW$ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ 605

(50 %) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 32 (5 %) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ^p°fZ]$uW$ A°L$-

A°L$ hNp£_u `k¨]$Nu `Z epÿs√R>L$ fu[° L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u, S> °dp¨ A›ee_ L$f[p¨

Ly $g 4716 rh¤p\wAp°_p° _d|_p [fuL° $ kdph°i L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° l[p°.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ^p°fZ 8, 9 A_° 10 _p k¨ıL© $[ `pW$e`yı[L$_p Ly $g 11

fQre[pAp° `•L$u 6 (50 %) fQre[pAp°_u [°dS> [S>op° [fuL° $ huf _dÆ]$ ]$rnZ

NyS>fp[ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p¨ rinZ dlprh¤pgep°_p k¨ıL© $[ `Ÿr[_p 32 A›ep`L$p° `•L$u

16 (50 %) A›ep`L$p°_u `k¨]$Nu `Z epÿs√R>L$ _d|_p `k¨]$Nu_u fu[\u L$fhpdp¨

Aphu l[u.

Apd, ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ _d|_p_u `k¨]$Nu epÿs√R>L$ _d|_p `k¨]$Nu_u

`Ÿr[A° L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p X$p ¨N rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° rinL$p °_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.1 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.97

æ$d rS>Îgp°dp›erdL

$ rh¤pgep°_u Ly $g k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$dp›erdL rh¤pgep°_u

k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1. X$p¨N 24 12 15

kpfZu 4.1

X$p ¨N rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° qinL$p°_u kp¨øreL$ dprl[u

kpfZu 4.1 _y¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ S>Zpe R>° L° $ kïp°^L° $ X$p ¨N rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 24

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p° A_° 15 rinL$p °_p° _d|_pdp¨

kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p [pù rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° rinL$p °_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.2 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.2

[pù rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p°_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u

kpfZu 4.2 _y ¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ dpg|d `X° $ R> ° L° $ ....

(1) kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p [pù rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨

dp›erdº rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(2) r_Tf [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 10 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 5 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° 5 rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(3) Ïepfp [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 36 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 18 dp›erdL$


æ$d [pgyL$p °dp›erdL



k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3

4.

5.

r_Tf

Ïepfp

hpgp°X$

kp°_NY$

D√R>g

Ly$g

10

36

14

18

10

88

5

18

7

9

5

44

5

30

10

15

5

65

98

(4) hpgp°X$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 14 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 7 dp›erdL$


(5) kp°_NY$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 18 dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 9 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° 15 rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(6) D√R>g [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 10 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 5 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° 5 rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(7) kïp °^_ l °W $m ] $ rnZ NyS>fp[_p [pù rS>Îgp_p L y $g 88 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 44 dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 65 rinL$p°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R>°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _dÆ]$p rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°


kpfZu 4.3

_dÆ]$p rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$


kpfZu 4.3 _y ¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ S>Zpe R>° L° $ ....

(1) kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _dÆ]$p rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨


(2) X°$qX$ep`pXp$ [pgyL$p_p Ly$g 18 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 9 dp›erdL$


(3) r[gL$hpX$p [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 10 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 5 dp›erdL$





k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3

4.

5.

X° $qX$ep`pX$p

r[gL$hpX$p

_p¨] $p °] $

kpNbpfp

Ly$g

18

10

38

14

80

9

5

19

7

40

11

5

26

11

53

99

(4) _p¨]$p °] $ $ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 38 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 19 dp›erdL$


(5) kpNbpN$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 14 dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 7 dp›erdL$


(6) kïp °^_ l°W $m ] $rnZ NyS>fp[_p _dÆ] $p rS>Îgp_p L y $g 80 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 40 dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 53 rinL$p°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R>°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _hkpfu rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°


kpfZu 4.4

_hkpfu rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$


kpfZu 4.4 _y ¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ ı`ÛV$ \pe R>° L° $ ....

(1) kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _hkpfu rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨


(2) NZ]°$hu$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 22 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 11 dp›erdL$


(3) QuMgu [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 42 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 21 dp›erdL$


(4) S>gpg`p°f $ [pgyL $p_p L y $g 24 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep °dp ¨\u _d|_pdp ¨ 12

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 15 rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.




k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3

4.

5.

NZ]°$hu

QuMgu

S>gpg`p°f

_hkpfu il°f

hp¨k]$p

Ly$g

22

42

24

30

28

146

11

21

12

15

14

73

24

27

15

25

16

107

100

(5) _hkpfu il°f_p Ly $g 30 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 15 dp›erdL$


(6) hp¨k]$p [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 28 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 14 dp›erdL$


(7) kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _hkpfu rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 146 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp ¨\u 73 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 107 rinL$p °_p ° kdph°i

L$ep£ R>°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p cÍ$Q rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›eqdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p °_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.5 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.5

cÍ$Q rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$


kpfZu 4.5 _p° AÊepk L$f[p¨ dpgyd$ `X° $ R> ° L° $....

(1) kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p cÍ$Q rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(2) S>¨bykf [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 28 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 14 dp›erdL$





k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

S>¨bykf

TOX$uep

cÍ$Q il°f

hpNfp

hpqgep

lp¨kp°V $

A¨L$g°f

Apdp°]$

Ly$g

28

16

62

12

12

12

36

12

190

14

8

31

6

6

6

18

6

95

20

14

46

6

7

8

24

10

135

101

(3) TOX$uep [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 16 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 8 dp›erdL$


(4) cÍ$Q il°f_p Ly $g 62 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 31 dp›erdL$


(5) hpNfp [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 6 dp›erdL$


(6) hpqgep [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 6 dp›erdL$


(7) lp¨kp°V$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 6 dp›erdL$


(8) A¨L$g°f [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 36 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 18 dp›erdL$


(9) Apdp°]$ [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 6 dp›erdL$


(10) k¨ip°^_ l°W $m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p cÍ$Q rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 190 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 95 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 135 rinL$p°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R>°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p hgkpX$ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›eqdL$


kpfZu 4.6

hgkpX$ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$





k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

L$`fpX$p

^fd`yf

`pfX$u

hgkpX$ il°f

DdfNpd

Ly$g

22

26

50

54

22

174

11

13

25

27

11

87

14

16

33

40

14

117

102

kpfZu 4.6 _p° AÊepk L$f[p¨ ı`ÛV$ \pe R>° L° $....

(1) kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p hgkpX$ rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨


(2) L$`fpX$p [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 22 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 11 dp›erdL$


(3) ^fd`yf [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 26 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 13 dp›erdL$


(4) `pfX$u [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 50 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 25 dp›erdL$


(5) hgkpX$ il°f_p¨ Ly $g 54 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 27 dp›erdL$


(6) DdfNpd [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 22 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 11 dp›erdL$


(7) kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p hgkpX$ rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 174 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 87 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 117 rinL$p°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R>°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p kyf[$ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›eqdL$


kpfZu 4.7

kyf[ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$





k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

L$pdf°S>Qp°epÆku`gkpZpbpfX$p °gudp¨Nfp°mdp¨X$hudlzhp

kyf[ il°fAp°g`pX$Ddf`pX$p

Ly$g

22471428182218312206

507

11247

149119

156103

254

15309

22131513203153

338

103

kpfZu 4.7 _p Ahgp°L$__p Ap^pf° ı`ÛV$ \pe R>° L° $....

(1) k¨ip°^L° $ k¨ip°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p kyf[$ rS>Îgp_p ]$f°L$ [pgyL$p_p¨


(2) L$pdf°S> [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 22 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 11 dp›erdL$


(3) Qp°epÆku [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 47 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 24 dp›erdL$


(4) `gkpZp [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 14 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 7 dp›erdL$


(5) bpfX$p°gu [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 28 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 14 dp›erdL$


(6) dp¨Nfp°m [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 18 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 9 dp›erdL$


(7) dp¨X$hu [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 22 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 11 dp›erdL$


(8) dlzhp [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 18 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 9 dp›erdL$


(9) kyf[ il°f_p Ly $g 312 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 156 dp›erdL$


(10) Ap°g`pX$ [pgyL$p_p Ly$g 20 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 10 dp›erdL$


(11) Ddf`pX$p [pgyL$p_p Ly $g 6 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 3 dp›erdL$


104

(12) k¨ip °^_ l°W $m ] $rnZ NyS>fp[_p kyf[$ rS>Îgp_p L y $g 507 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 254 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 338 rinL$p °_p ° kdph°i

L$ep£ R>°.

] $rnZ NyS>fp[dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep° A_°

rinL$p °_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.8 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.8

]$rnZ NyS>fp[dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$


]$qnZ NyS>fp[_p rS>Îgp ‚dpZ° _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p °_u k¨øep _L$ip æ$dp¨L$ 4.1 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

]$qnZ NyS>fp[dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV rinL$p ° dpV° $_p ¨ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° rinL$p °_u V$L$phpfu Apg°M æ$dp¨L$ 4.1 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.




k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨kdprhÛV$

rinL$p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

X$p¨N

[p`u

_dÆ]$p

_hkpfu

cÍ$Q

hgkpX$

kyf[

Ly$g

24

88

80

146

190

174

507

1209

12 (1.98%)

44 (7.27%)

40 (6.61%)

73 (12.07%)

95 (15.70%)

87 (14.38%)

254 (41.98%)

605

15 (1.81%)

65 (7.83%)

53 (6.39%)

107 (12.89%)

135 (16.27%)

117 (14.10%)

338 (40.72%)

830

105

kpfZu 4.8 _y ¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ dpgyd `X° $ R> ° L° $....

(1) kïp°^L°$ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p ]$f°L$ rS>Îgp_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(2) X$p ¨N rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 24 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 12 (1.98%)

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 15 (1.81%) rinL$p °_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(3) [pù rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 88 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 44 (7.27%)


(4) _dÆ]$p rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 80 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 40 (6.61%)


(5) _hkpfu rS >Îgp_p L y $g 146 dp›erdL $ rh¤pgep °dp ¨\ u _d |_ pdp ¨

73 (12.07%) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 107 (12.89%) rinL$p°_p° kdph°i

L$ep£ R>°.

(6) cÍ$Q rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 190 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 95 (15.70%)


(7) hgkpX $ rS >Îgp_p L y $g 174 dp›erdL $ rh¤pgep °dp ¨\ u _d |_ pdp ¨

87 (14.38%) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 117 (14.10%) rinL$p°_p° kdph°i

L$ep£ R>°.

(8) kyf[ rS>Îgp_p Ly $g 507 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u _d|_pdp¨ 254 (41.98%)


(9) kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p Ly $g 1209 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨\u 605

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 830 rinL$p°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R>°.

rS>Îgp [\p [pgyL$p ‚dpZ° _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rinL$p ° dpV ° $_p ¨

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° `qfriÛV$-6 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

108

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p rS>Îgp]uW$ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›eqdL$ rh¤pgep°,

_d|_pdp ¨ kdprhÛV $ rh¤p\wAp° dpV ° $_p ¨ rh¤pgep ° A_° rh¤p\wAp°_u

kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.9 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.9

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p rS>Îgp]uW$ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°,

_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV°$_p¨ rh¤pgep° A_°

rh¤p\wAp°_u kp¨søeL$ dprl[u

]$rnZ NyS>fp[dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV° $_p¨ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° rh¤p\wAp°_u V$L$phpfu Apg°M æ$dp¨L$ 4.2 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

æ$d [pgyL$p °_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$

dp›erdL rh¤pgep°_u

k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$

rh¤p\wAp° dpV° $_p

rh¤pgep°_u k¨øep

_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$

rh¤p\wAp°_u

k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

X$p¨N

[p`u

_dÆ]$p

_hkpfu

cÍ$Q

hgkpX$

kyf[

Ly$g

12

44

40

73

95

87

254

605

1 (3.13%)

2 (6.25%)

2 (6.25%)

4 (13%)

5 (15.63%)

5 (15.63%)

13 (40.63%)

32

150 (3.18%)

298 (6.32%)

376 (7.97%)

535 (11.34%)

665 (14.10%)

809 (17.15%)

1883 (39.93%)

4716

109

kpfZu 4.9 _y ¨ Ahgp°L$_ L$f[p¨ S>Zpe R>° L° $....

(1) kïp°^L°$ kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p ]f°L$ $ rS>Îgp_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° rh¤p\wAp°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(2) X$p¨N rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly$g 12 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 % ‚dpZ°

_d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV° $_y ¨ 1 (3.13%) dp›erdL$ rh¤pge A_°

150 (3.18%) rh¤p\wAp°_p° _d|_pdp¨ kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(3) [pù rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 44 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %

‚dpZ° _d|_pdp ¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV ° $_p 2 (6.25%) dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° A_° 298 (6.32%) rh¤p\wAp°_p° _d|_pdp¨ kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(4) _dÆ]$p rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 40 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %

‚dpZ° _d|_pdp ¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV ° $_p 2 (6.25%) dp›erdL$


(5) _hkpfu rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 73 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %

‚dpZ° _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV°$_p 4 (13%) dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°

A_° 535 (11.34%) rh¤p\wAp°_p° _d|_pdp¨ kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

(6) cÍ$Q rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 95 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %

‚dpZ° _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV° $_p 5 (15.63%) dp›erdL$


(7) hgkpX$ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 87 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %



(8) kyf[ rS>Îgpdp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 254 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5 %



(9) kïp°^_ l°W$m ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ Ly $g 605 dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep °_p 5 % ‚dpZ° _d|_pdp ¨ kdprhÛV $ rh¤p\wAp° dpV ° $_p 32

dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° A_° 4716 rh¤p\wAp°_p° _d|_pdp¨ kdph°i L$ep£ R> °.

rS>Îgp ‚dpZ° _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh¤p\wAp° dpV° $_p¨ dp›erdL$

rh¤pgep° `qfriÛV$-7 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

111

4.5 D`L$fZp°_u k¨fQ_p

kïp°^_ L$peÆ_° kam[p`|hÆL$ `|ZÆ L$fhp dpV° $ ≈°B[u S>Í$fu dprl[u ‚p‡[

L$fhp Dèp°Ndp¨ g°hp[p¨ kp^_p°_° kïp°^_ D`L$fZp° L$l°hpdp¨ Aph° R> °. kïp°^_

dpV ° $ dprl[u A°L $”uL $fZ L $fhp dpV °_p D`L $fZp ° OZp ¨ b^p ¨ R > ° . S > °dL ° $ ,

Arc‚pephrg, ‚Ô_phrg, æ$ddp`]¨ $X$, hgZdp`]¨ $X$, dygpL$p[, Ap°mMep]$u,

d_p°h•opr_L$ L$kp°V$u, d|Îep¨L$_`”, ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e hN°f°....

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ A°L ApNhy¨ kïp°^_ R>°. Ap kïp°^_dp¨ Afie ‹pfp frQ[ L° $

Afie kïp°^_p\£ Dèp°Ndp¨ g°hpe°g D`L$fZp° èpÆ‡[ _ \pe. kïp°^L°$ kïp°^__p

l°[yAp°, ıhÍ$`, S>Í$qfep[ [\p kïp°^__p Ïep`_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu ıh[¨” D`L$fZp°_u

fQ_p L$fhp_y¨ ıhuL$peyØ. S>° M|b S> dl“h_u bpb[ l[u. ApNhp kïp°^__u dprl[u

A°L$” L$fhp ApNhp¨ D`L$fZp° lp°hp M|b S> S>Í$fu R> °.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ dpV° $ dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ L$fhp dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ b° ‚L$pf_p

D`L$fZp°_p° Dèp°N L$ep£ l[p° (1) ıhfrQ[ D`L$fZp° (2) ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e.$

(1) ıhfrQ[ D`L$fZp°

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kdprhÛV$ Arc‚pe]$p[pAp°_u rhrh^[p [°dS> kïp°^__p

l°[yAp°_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu_° kïp°^L° $ ”Z D`L$fZp°_u fQ_p L$fu l[u. S> ° _uQ°

dyS>b R>°.

(A) Arc‚pephrg

(b) ‚Ô_phrg

(L$) kpˇe`”L$

(A) Arc‚pephrg

(1) L$pdQgpD Arc‚pehrg

Arc‚pehrg [•epf L$fhp dpV° $ kp•‚\d kïp°^L° $ kïp°^_ k¨b¨r^[

dprl[u ‚p‡[ L$fhp rhrh^ k¨]$cÆ `yı[L$p°, g°Mp°, kpdreL$p° hN°f°_p° AÊepk

L$ep£ l[p°. Ap D`fp¨[ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ L° $V $gp¨L$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p rinL$p °_u Í$bÍ$ dygpL$p[ gB ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$

rh¤gep°dp¨ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_u ‚h[Ædp_ `qfsı\r[ k¨]$c£ QQpÆ lp\

^fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u. Ap QQpÆ_p am ıhÍ$` L$p °B`Z rhcpNuL$fZ rhlp°Zu

112

L° $V $gp¨L$ rh^p_p°_u A°L$ L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg fQhpdp¨ Aphu. kïp°^L$

A_° dpNÆ]$iÆL$Óu_u q]OÆ◊rÛV$ Ap L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg_° _uQ° dyS>b_p¨

rhrh^ 9 dyøe rhcpNp°dp¨ hNwL© $[ L$fhp Dèp°Nu _uhX$u. L$pdQgpD

Arc‚pephrg_p dyøe 9 rhcpNp° A_° [°dp¨ kdprhÛV$ L$fpe°g rh^p_p°_u

kp¨søeL$ dprl[u kpfZu 4.10 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.10

L$pdQgpD Arc‚pehrg_p¨ rhcpN [\p

[°dp¨ kdprhÛV$ rh^p_p°_u k¨øep

L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg_p Apf¨cdp¨ kïp°^L° $ rinL$p °_u kpdpfie

dprl[u_u fQ_p `Z L$fu l[u. S>°dp¨ rinL$_y ¨ _pd, ipmp_y ¨ _pd, rinL$_u

i•nrZL$ gpeL$p[, i•nrZL$ A_ych, Jdf, tgN, ≈r[, ipmp_p° rhı[pf

hN°f°_p° kdph°i L$ep£ l[p°. L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg_p A¨[dp¨ kïp°^L° $

Qpf dyº[ S>hpbu ‚Ô_p°_u fQ_p `Z L$fu l[u. L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg

`qfriÛV$-1 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

æ$d rhcpN_y ¨ _pd rh^p_p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

‚h[Ædp_ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_p l°[yAp° A_°

[°_u agÓyr[

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p° AÊepkæ$d A_° `pW$È`yı[L$

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_u A›ep`_ `Ÿr[Ap°

k¨ıL © $[ rhje rinZ_p ¨ kp^_p ° A_° [ °_u

D`gsÂ^

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° k¨]$cÆ kprl–e_p° Dèp°N

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° N©lL$peÆ

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° klAÊepk ‚h©r—Ap°

k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_u kdıepAp°

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y¨ d|Îep¨L$_ A_° `qfZpd

Ly$g rh^p_p°

12

12

9

11

12

13

13

12

13

107

113

(2) Arc‚pephrg_y¨ `|h£nZ

Arc‚pephrg_p `|h £nZ L$peÆ dpV ° $ kïp °^L ° $ fQ°g L $pdQgpD

Arc‚pephrg_° NyS>fp[ fpƒe_p rhrh^ rhrh¤pgep°_p _h S> °V $gp ¨

kïp°^__p [Sπ>op°_° V$`pg ‹pfp dp°L$ghpdp¨ Aphu. kïp°^L° $ [Sπ>op°_° b_u

iL° $ [°V$gu TX$`\u Arc‚pephrg V$`pg ‹pfp dp°L$ghp_u rh_¨[u L$fu. Ap

kp\° kïp °^L° $ `p °[p_p ¨ _pd kf_pdp¨hpmy ¨ V $`pg V$uL $uV $ Qp ¢V $pX ° $g L$hf

[Sπ >op °_ ° dp °L $gpÏey ¨ l[y ¨. b^p S> [Sπ >op °A° M|b S> Ap°R>p kdedp¨

Arc‚pephrg_° `p°[p_p k|Q_p° kp\° `f[ dp°L$gphu l[u. [° kïp°^L° $

_[dı[L° $ ıhuL$pf°g R>°. [Sπ>op° [fa\u L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrgdp¨ ‚p‡[

\e°gp¨ k|Q_p°_u rhN[ kpfZu 4.11 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.11

L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrgdp¨ [Sπ>op°

[fa\u ‚p‡[ \e°gp¨ k|Q_p°

æ $d [Sπ>o_y ¨ _pd/lp°ÿp°

1.

2.

X $ p ∑ . Apf. A °k. `V ° $g

rinZch_, N yS > f p[

eyr_hrkÆV$u, Ad]$php]$.

X$p ∑. q]$gu`cpB ey. `V° $g

r‚fik`pg,

A°_. A°Q. `V° $g L$p ∑g°S>

Ap°a A°ƒeyL° $i_, ApZ¨].$

rhcpN k|Q__y ¨ ıhÍ$` ep°¡e a°fapf

(A) _p

`°V$p rhcpN

1, 2, 7

(A) _p

`°V$p rhcpN

4, 5

- `°V$p rhcpN-1 _p

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 3, 4, 6,

9, 10 f] $ L $fhp A_°

Ly $g ”Z _hp rh^p_p°

Dd°fhp

- `°V$p rhcpN-2 _p

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 3, 6, 7

f]$ L$fhp.

- `°V$p rhcpN-7 _p

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 7, 9,

13 f]$ L$fhp.

- `°V$p rhcpN-4 _p

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 3, 5,

7 f]$ L$fhp A_° _hy¨ A°L$

rh^p_ Dd°fhy ¨.

- `°V$p rhcpN-5 _p

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 4, 7, 8

f]$ L$fhp.

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

114

æ$d [Sπ>o_y ¨ _pd/lp°ÿp°

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

X $ p ∑ . d p °l_cpB `V ° $g‚p ° a °kf A_ ° A›en,N yS > f p[ rh¤p`uW $ ,Ad]$php]$.

X $ p ∑ . L ° $ . A °k. rgrMepfuX$f, rinZ ipı”ch_,kf]$pf `V° $g eyr_hrkÆV$u,hÎgc rh¤p_Nf.

X$p∑. S>°. u. d•epZu ‚p°a°kfA_° A›en, cph_Nfeyr_hrkÆV$u, cph_Nf.X$p ∑. S>e¨[ ÏepkfuX$f, rinZ ip˜ch_,cph_Nf e y r_hrk Æ V $ u ,cph_Nf.

X $ p ∑ . Ar_g A ¨bpkZp‚p°a°kf, rinZ ipı”ch_,kp•fpÛV≤$ eyr_hrkÆV$u, fpS>L$p°V$X $ p ∑ . Apf. ku. `V ° $gL$pg°S> Ap°a A°ƒeyL° $i_-CASE A °d. A °k.eyr_hrkÆV$u, hX$p °] $fp.X $ p ∑ . k y f °icpB `pX $h uA°g. A°_. L°$. L$p∑g°S> Ap°aA°ƒeyL° $i_, `pV$Z.

rhcpN k|Q__y ¨ ıhÍ$` ep°¡e a°fapf

(A) _p`°V$p rhcpN6, 9

kpdpfiedp rl[ u_ prhcpN

-

(A) _p`°V$p rhcpN1, 4, 6

-

(b)

(A) _p`°V$p rhcpN4, 5, 6

rhcpN(b)

- `°V$p rhcpN-6 _prh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 9, 10,

11, 12, 13 f]$ L $fhpA_° _hy A°L$ rh^p_ Dd°fhy.- `°V$p rhcpN-9 _prh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 3, 5,

6, 7 f]$ L$fhp.- iprÂ]$L$ a°fapf-tgNiÂ]$_° ı\p_° ≈[ue[piÂ]$ ‚ep°S>hp°.- kpdpfie dprl[udp¨Ddf [\p ipmp_prhı[pf_u bpb[ f] $L $fhu.- L $p °B k|Q_ ‚p‡[\e°g _\u.

- `°V$p rhcpN-1 _y ¨rh^p_ _¨bf$ 5, `°V $prhcpN-4 _ y ¨ rh^p__ ¨bf $ 11 A_° ` ° V $ prhcpN-6 _ y ¨ rh^p__¨bf$ 5 _L$pf b_phhy ¨.- L $p °B k|Q_ ‚p‡[\e°g _\u.

- dyL[ S>hpbu ‚Ô_p°æ$dp¨L$ 3, 4 f]$ L$fhp

- `°V$p rhcpN-4 _prh^p_ æ $dp ¨L $ $ 4, 6,

` ° V $ p rhcpN-5 _ prh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ $ 10, `°V$prhcpN-6 _p rh^p_æ $dp ¨ L $ 2, 5, ` ° V $ prhcpN-7 _p rh^p_æ$dp ¨L $ $ 4, 10, 11 _uhpºe fQ_pdp¨ a°fapf.- dyL[ S>hpbu ‚Ô_p°dp¨_hp° A°L$ ‚Ô_ Dd°fhp°.

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

-

- ıhuL$pf

-

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

115

kpfZu 4.11 _p° AÊepk L$f[p dpg|d `X° $ R> ° L° $....

(1) Arc‚pephrg_p kpdpfie dprl[u_p rhcpNdp¨ tgN iÂ]$_° ı\p_° ≈[ue[p

iÂ]$ a°fapf L$fhp_u kp\° Jdf [\p ipmp_p rhı[pf_u bpb[ f]$ L$fhpdp¨

Aphu.

(2) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(1) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 A°d

Ly$g `p¨Q rh^p_p° f]$ L$fpep [°dS> Ly$g ”Z _hp rh^p_p° Dd°fpep. Ap D`fp¨[

rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 5 _L$pfp–dL$ b_phpey ¨.

(3) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(2) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 3, 6, 7 f]$ L$fpep.

(4) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(3) _p rh^p_p°dp¨ L$p °B`Z ‚L$pf_y ¨ `qfh[Æ_

S>Zpey ¨ _ l[y ¨.

(5) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(4) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 3, 5, 7 A°d Ly $g

Qpf rh^p_p° f]$ L$fpep [°dS> _hy ¨ A°L$ rh^p_ Dd°fpey ¨. Ap D`fp¨[ rh^p_

æ$dp¨L$ 11 _L$pfp–dL$ b_phpey ¨. [°dS> rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 4 A_° 6 _u hpºe

fQ_pdp¨ a°fapf L$fu rh^p_p°_u `y_:fQ_p L$fhpdp¨ Aphu.

(6) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(5) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 4, 7, 8 f]$ L$fpep.

[°dS> rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 10 _u hpºe fQ_pdp¨ a°fapf L$fu rh^p_p°_u `y_:fQ_p

L$fhpdp¨ Aphu.

(7) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(6) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

f]$ L$fpep. [°dS> rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 5 _L$pfp–dL$ b_phpey ¨. Ap D`fp¨[ rh^p_

æ$dp¨L$ 2 A_° 5 _u hpºe fQ_pdp¨ a°fapf L$fu rh^p_p°_u `y_:fQ_p L$fhpdp¨

Aphu.

(8) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(7) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 7, 9, 13 f]$ L$fpep.

[°dS> rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 4, 10 A_° 11 _u hpºe fQ_pdp¨ a°fapf L$fu rh^p_p°_u

`y_:fQ_p L$fhpdp¨ Aphu.

(9) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(8) _p rh^p_p°dp¨ L$p °B`Z ‚L$pf_y ¨ `qfh[Æ_

S>Zpey ¨ _ l[y ¨.

(10) rhcpN (A) _p `°V$p rhcpN-(9) _p rh^p_ æ$dp¨L$ 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 f]$ L$fpep.

(11) Arc‚pephrg_p ‘b’ rhcpNdp¨ dyº[ S>hpbu ‚Ô_p° A¨[NÆ[ ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 3

A_° 4 f]$ L$fpep. [°dS> _hp° A°L$ ‚Ô_ Dd°fpep°.

116

(3) Arc‚pephrg_u `y_:fQ_p

L$pdQgpD Arc‚pephrg A¨[NÆ[ [Sπ>op° ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°gp¨ D`eyÆº[

k |Q_p °_ p k ¨ ] $c Ædp ¨ dpN Æ ] $i Æ L $Óu kp\ ° rhiÿ QQp Æ rhdi Æ_ ° A ¨[ °

Arc‚pephrgdp¨ S>Í$fu a°fapf L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep A_° Arc‚pephrg_y¨ A¨r[d

ıhÍ$` _Ω$u L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey ¨. Arc‚pephrg_y ¨ A¨r[d ıhÍ$` kpfZu 4.12

dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.12

Arc‚pephrg_y¨ A¨r[d ıhÍ$`

A¨r[d Arc‚pephrg `qfriÛV$-2 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

(b) ‚Ô_phrg

‚Ô_phrg A°V$g° ‚Ô_p°_p° kd|l ‚Ô_phrg k¨]$cÆdp¨ b°f, X° $rhk A_°

≈°lfik_ S>Zph° R> ° L° $, “ Ïep`rhÔh_p S>° _d|_p `pk°\u dprl[u Bs√R>[

R>° [°d_° Ap`hp_p ‚Ô_p°_y ¨ Ïehsı\[ k¨L$g_ A°V$g° ‚Ô_phrg” 9

æ$d rhcpN_y ¨ _pd rh^p_p°_u k¨øep

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

‚h[Ædp_ k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_p l°[yAp° A_°

[°_u agÓyr[

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p° AÊepkæ$d A_° `pW$È`yı[L$

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_u A›ep`_ `Ÿr[Ap°

k¨ıL © $[ rhje rinZ_p ¨ kp^_p ° A_° [ °_u

D`gsÂ^

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° k¨]$cÆ kprl–e_p° D`ep°N

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° N©lL$peÆ

k¨ıL© $[ rhje A_° klAÊepk ‚h©r—Ap°

k¨ıL© $[ rhje rinZ_u kdıepAp°

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y¨ d|Îep¨L$_ A_° `qfZpd

Ly$g rh^p_p°

10

9

9

8

9

8

9

12

8

82

117

(1) ‚Ô_phrg_y¨ ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`

_d|_pdp ¨ kdprhÛV $ ] $ rnZ NyS>fp[_p ¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep °_p

rh¤p\wAp° `pk°\u dprl[u A°L$” L$fhp dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ ‚Ô_phrg_u fQ_p

L$fu l[u. `|h£ \e°gp¨ kïp°^_p° A_° dpNÆ]$iÆL$Óu_u kgpl\u kïp°^L° $

‚Ô_phrg_y¨ ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$` [•epf L$ey Ø l[y ¨. S>°dp¨ r_e¨r”[ ıhÍ$`_p Ly $g 28

‚Ô_p°_u fQ_p L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u. Arc‚pe]$p[pAp°A° S> °_p D—fp° ‘lp’

A\hp ‘_p’ dp¨ Ap`hp_p l[p¨. ‚Ô_phrg_y ¨ ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$` `qfriÛV$-3

dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

(2) ‚Ô_phrg_y¨ `|h£nZ

‚Ô_phrg_p L$peÆ dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ fQ°g ‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`_°

NyS>fp[ fpƒe_p rhrh^ rhÔhrh¤pgep°_p _h S> °V $gp¨ kïp°^_ [Sπ>op°_°

dp°L$ghpdp¨ Aphu l[u. b^p S> [Sπ>op°A° M|b S> Ap°R>p kdedp¨ ‚Ô_phrg

`f[ dp°L$gphu l[u. S> °dp¨_p Ly $g ”Z kïp°^_ [Sπ>op°A° ‚Ô_phrg_p

‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨ k|Q_p° ]$ipÆh°g l[p. S> ° kïp°^L° $ _[ dı[L° $ ıhuL$pf°g

R>°. R> S>°V$gp¨ kïp°^_ [Sπ>op° ‹pfp ‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨ L$p °B`Z

k|Q_ ‚p‡[ \e°gy ¨ _ lp°[y ¨. [Sπ>op° [fa\u ‚p‡[ \e°gp¨ k|Q_p°_u rhN[

kpfZu 4.13 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpfZu 4.13

‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨ [Sπ>op° ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°gp¨ k|Q_p°

æ $d [Sπ>o_y ¨ _pd/lp°ÿp°

1.

2.

3.

X$p ∑. dp°l_cpB `V° $g ‚p°a °kf A_°

A›en, N yS > f p[ rh¤pùW $ ,

Ad]$php]$.

X $ p ∑ . q ] $g u`cpB e y . `V ° $g

r‚fik`pg, A °_. A °Q. `V ° $g

L$p ∑g°S> Ap°a A°ƒeyL° $i_, ApZ¨]

X$p ∑. kyf°icpB `pX$hu

A °g. A °_. L ° $ . L $ p ∑g °S > Ap ° a

A°ƒeyL° $i_, `pV$Z$

k|Q__y ¨ ıhÍ$` ep°¡e a°fapf

- ‚Ô_ æ $dp ¨L $ 2, 3, 28 f] $

L $fhp.

- ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 14, 15, 28 f]$

L $fhp.

- ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 10 [\p 19 _L$pf

b_phhp.

- ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 8, 9 [\p 20 _u

hpºe fQ_pdp¨ iprÂ]$L$ a °fapf.

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

- ıhuL$pf

118

kpfZu 4.13 _p° AÊepk L$f[p dpg|d `X° $ R> ° L° $....

(1) ‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨\u ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 2, 3, 14, 15, 28 A°d Ly $g

`p¨Q ‚Ô_p° f]$ L$fpep.

(2) ‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨\u ‚Ô_ æ$dp ¨L $ 10 [\p 19 _L$pfp–dL$

b_phpep.

(3) ‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨\u ‚Ô_ æ$dp¨L$ 8, 9 [\p 20 _u hpºe fQ_pdp¨

iprÂ]$L$ a°fapf L$fu rh^p_p°_u `y_:fQ_p L$fhpdp¨ Aphu.

(3) ‚Ô_phrg_u `y_:fQ_p

‚Ô_phrg_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$` A¨[NÆ[ [Sπ>op° ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°gp¨

Dèy Æº[ k|Q_p°_p k¨]$cÆdp¨ dpNÆ]$iÆL$Óu kp\° rhiÿ QQpÆ rhdiÆ_° A¨[°

‚Ô_phrgdp¨ S>Í$fu a°fapf L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep. S> °_p am ıhÍ$` ‚Ô_phrg_p

‚pf ¨rcL$ ıhÍ$` A¨[NÆ[ L y $g 28 ‚Ô_p °dp ¨\u L y $g 5 ‚Ô_p ° f] $ L $fp[p

‚Ô_phrg_p A¨r[d ıhÍ$`dp¨ Ly $g 23 ‚Ô_p° A¨[NÆ[ ‚Ô_phrg_y ¨ A¨r[d

ıhÍ$` _Ω$u \ey ¨. A¨r[d ‚Ô_phrg `qfriÛV$-4 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

(L$) kpˇe`”L$

^p°fZ-8, 9 A_° 10 _p k¨ıL© $[ `pW$È`yı[L$p °_p fQre[pAp° [°dS>

[Sπ>op° [fuL°$ huf _dÆ]$ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p¨ rinZ dlprh¤pgep°_p¨

k¨ıL© $[ `Ÿr[_p A›ep`L$p ° `pk° ‚ı[y[ kïp°^_ A\£ dprl[u ‚p‡[ L$fhp

k ïp °^L ° $ kpˇe`”L$_u fQ_p L $fu l[u. ` |h £ \e °gp ¨ k ïp °^_p ° A_°

dpNÆ]$iÆL$Óu_u kgpl\u kïp°^L° $ kpˇe`”L$_y ¨ ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$` [•epf L$ey Ø $

l[y ¨. S> °dp¨ dyº[ S>hpbu ‚L$pf_p Ly $g 8 ‚Ô_p°_u fQ_p L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u.

kpˇe`”L$_p `|h£nZ L$peÆ dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ fQ°g kpˇe`”L_p ‚pf¨rcL$

ıhÍ$`_° NyS>fp[ fpƒe_p rhrh^ rhÔhrh¤pgep°_p _h S> °V $gp¨ kïp°^_

[Sπ>op°_° dp°L$ghpdp¨ ApÏey ¨ l[y ¨. b^p S> [Sπ>op°A° M|b S> Ap°R>p kdedp¨

kpˇe`”L$ `f[ dp°L$gpÏey¨ l[y¨. `f¨[y _hdp¨\u L$p°B`Z kïp°^_ [Sπ>o ‹pfp

kpˇe`”L$_p ‚pf¨rcL$ ıhÍ$`dp¨ L$p°B`Z ‚L$pf_p k|Q_p° ‚p‡[ \ep _ l[p¨.

Ap\u dpNÆ]$iÆL$Óu kp\° rhiÿ QQpÆ rhdiÆ_° A¨[° kpˇe`”L$_p ‚pf¨rcL$

ıhÍ$`_° S> kpˇe`”L$_y ¨ A¨r[d ıhÍ$` _Ω$u L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. kpˇe`”L$_p

ıhÍ$`_° `qfriÛV-5 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

kpˇe`”L$ D`L$fZ A¨[NÆ[ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ `pW$È`yı[L$_p

fQre[pAp° A_° [Sπ>op°_p _pdp° `qfriÛV$-8 dp¨ ]$ipÆh°g R>°.

119

(2) ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kïp°^L°$ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨

k¨ıL © $[ rhje rinZ_u ‚h[Ædp_ `qfsı\r[_p AÊepk A\£ ] $rnZ

NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ^p°fZ-10 _p R>°Îgp¨ ]$i hjp£_p¨ ipmp_p

kdN∞ A_° k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p `qfZpdp°_u dpql[u ‚p‡[ L$fhp dpV° $ ]$rnZ

NyS>fp[_p dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e_p° Dèp°N L$ep£ l[p°.

]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ^p°fZ-10 _p R> °Îgp¨ ]$i hjp£_p¨

ipmp_p kdN∞ A_° k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p `qfZpdp° ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e_° Ap^pf°

‚p‡[ L$fu_° kïp°^L° $ Ap `qfZpdp°_u kfpkfu V$L$phpfu ip°û_° ipmp_p

kdN∞ kfpkfu `qfZpdp° A_° k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p kfpkfu `qfZpdp°_u [yg_p

hjÆ, [pgyL$p [\p rS>Îgp ‚dpZ° L$fu l[u.

4.6 dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ_u fu[

NyS>fp[ fpƒe_p rhrh^ rhÔhrh¤pgep°_p rinZ rhcpN_p _h S>°Vgp¨ rhje

[Sπ>op°A° k|Qh°g ky^pfp-h^pfp `R>u Qp°L$kpB`|hÆL$ [•epf \e°gp¨ D`L$fZp°_u

dprl[u ≈° Qp°L$kpB`|hÆL$ _ d°mhhpdp¨ Aph° [p° D`L$fZ A_° A°L$r”[ dprl[u

r_f\ÆL$ _uhX° $. Apd, kïp°^_dp¨ D`L$fZ_u kf¨Q_p S> °V$gu S> AN–e_u bpb[

dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ_u R>°. kïp°^__p l°[yAp°_° kyk¨N[ fu[°, k¨`|ZÆ kpQu A_°

rhÔhk_ue dprl[u ‚p‡[ L$fhp kïp°^L$ ‹pfp dprl[u A°L$” L$fhp dpV° $_u `|hÆ

Apep°rS>[ ‚qæ$ep k¨`|ZÆ`Z° A_ykfhpdp¨ Aphu l[u.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kïp°^L° $ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ 605 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°dp¨

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_y¨ A›ep`_L$peÆ L$f[p 839 rinL$p ° `pk° Í$bÍ$ S>B [°dS> V$`pg ‹pfp

Arc∞‚pephrg `lp¢Q[u L$fu l[u A_° rinL$p°A° Ap`°g kde depÆ]$pdp¨ Í$bÍ$ S>B

[°dS> ‚r[r_rÂp°_u d]$]$ gB Arc‚pephrg `f[ d°mhu l[u. L° $V$gp¨L$ rinL$p°A°

Arc‚pephrg V $`pg ‹pfp `f[ L $fu l[u, S> °dp ¨\u 830 rinL $ p ° `pk °\u

Arc‚pephrg k¨`|ZÆ cfpB_° `f[ d°mhu l[u, Ap 830 rinL$p° ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°g

Arc‚pephrg_u dprl[u_° ›ep_dp¨ guû l[u.

120

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kïp°^L° $ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p kp[ rS>Îgp ]$uW$ _d|_pdp¨

kdprhÛV$ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 5% dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep° (32 rh¤pgep°) _p

^p°fZ ]$uW$ A°L$-A°L$ hNÆ_p rh¤p\wAp° `pk° Í$bÍ$ S>B [°dS> ‚r[r_rÂp°_u d]$]$

gB ‚Ô_phrg ‹pfp dprl[u A°L$” L$fu l[u.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kïp°^L° $ ^p°fZ-8, 9 A_° 10 _p k¨ıL© $[ `pW$È`yı[L$_p

6 (50%) fQre[pAp°_u [°dS> [Sπ>op° [fuL°$ huf _dÆ]$ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p¨

rinZ dlprh¤pgep°_p k¨ıL© $[ `Ÿr[_p 16 (50%) A›ep`L$p °_u Ïesº[N[

dygpL$p[ dpV° $ kde dp¨Nu [°d_u Ïesº[N[ dygpL$p[ gB kpˇe`”L$ ‹pfp dprl[u

‚p‡[ L$fu l[u.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ^p°fZ-10 _p

R>°Îgp¨ ]$i hjp£_p¨ ipmp_p kdN∞ [\p k¨ıL©$[ rhje_p¨ `qfZpdp°_u dprl[u kïp°^L°$

S> °-[° ipmp_p S>°-[° rhcpN_p L$peÆgedp¨ Í$bÍ$ S>B [°dS> S>°-[° ipmpdp¨ k¨ıL© $[

rhje_y ¨ A›ep`_L$peÆ L$f[p rinL$ [°dS> ‚r[r_rÂp°_u d]$]$ gB ]$ı[ph°∆

kprl–e ‹pfp ‚p‡[ L$fu l[u.

4.7 dprl[u `©\Ω$fZ_u fu[

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ kïp°^L°$ ‚p‡[ dprl[u_p `©\Ω$fZ dpV°$ V$L$phpfu, L$pBhNÆ

d|Îe, kf°fpi cpfp ¨L $, rh^p__p° AN∞[pæ$d A_° hZÆ_p–dL$ `©\Ω$fZ S> °hu

A¨L$ip˜ue ‚rhr^_p° Dèp°N L$ep£ l[p°.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ \[p 605 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p

k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p 830 rinL$p° `pk°\u Arc‚pephrg ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°g Arc‚pep°_y ¨

`©\Ω$fZ L$fhp dpV° $ kïp°^L° $ ‚–e°L$ rh^p_ dpV° $ L$pBhNÆ ( c2 ) d|Îe_u NZ[fu

L$fu l[u. L$pBhNÆ ( c2 ) d|Îe ip°^hp dpV° $ _uQ°_p k|”_p° Dèp°N L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep°

l[p°.

S (fo - fe) 2

fe

fo = r_furn[ Aph©r—

fe = A`°rn[ Aph©r—

S = b^p_p° kfhpmp°

c2 =

121

`|h£_p k|”_p° Dèp°N L$fu Arc‚pephrgdp¨ ‚p‡[ Arc‚pep° D`f\u ‚–e°L$

rh^p__u kp\ÆL$[p [`pkhp dpV° $ L$pBhNÆ ( c2 ) d|Îe ip°û [°_y ¨ A\ÆOV$_ L$fhpdp¨

ApÏey ¨ l[y ¨. Ap D`fp¨[ kïp°^L° $ Arc‚pephrg_p¨ ]$f°L$ rh^p_p°_u kpd° `¨Qtb]y $

`f Arc‚pep°_u S>° Aph©r—Ap° ‚p‡[ \B [° ‚–e°L$ Aph©r—_u V$L$phpfu ip°û l[u.

[°dS> Arc‚pephrg_p ]$f °L $ rh^p_ dpV° $ kf°fpi NyZcpf ip°û [°_° Ap^pf°

rh^p_p°_° AN∞[pæ$d Ap‡ep l[p°. _L$pfp–dL$ `¨Qtb]y$ rh^p_p° dpV° $ NyZp¨L$ A_yæ$d°

1, 2, 3, 4 A_° 5 ƒepf° lL$pfp–dL$ `¨Qtb]y $ rh^p_p° dpV° $ 5, 4, 3, 2 A_° 1 NyZp¨L$

d|L$hpdp¨ ApÏep l[p.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ _d|_pdp¨ kdprhÛV$ \[p 32 dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p 4716

rh¤p\wAp° `pk°\u ‚Ô_phrg ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°g ‚r[Qpfp°_y ¨ `©\Ω$fZ L$fhp dpV° $

kïp°^L° $ ‘lp’ A_° ‘_p’ _p D—fp° ‚dpZ° Aph©r— d°mhu V$L$phpfu ip°û l[u.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ Arc‚pephrg D`L$fZdp¨ rinL$p °_° gN[u kpdpfie

dprl[u [°dS> dyº[ S>hpbu ‚Ô_p °_u NyZp–dL$ dprl[u A_° `pW$È`yı[L$_p

fQre[pAp° [\p [Sπ>op° ‹pfp kpˇe`”L$ D`L$fZ ‹pfp ‚p‡[ \e°g NyZp–dL$

dprl[u_y ¨ kpdpfieuL$fZ L$fu `©\Ω$fZ A_° A\ÆOV$_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey ¨ l[y ¨.

‚ı[y[ kïp°^_dp¨ ]$rnZ NyS>fp[_p¨ dp›erdL$ rh¤pgep°_p ^p°fZ-10 _p

R>°Îgp¨ ]$i hjp£_p¨ ipmp_p kdN∞ A_° k¨ıL© $[ rhje_p¨ `qfZpdp°_u dprl[u ‚pr‡[

dpV°$ ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e_p° Dèp°N L$ep£ l[p°. S>°dp¨ ‚p‡[ \e°g `qfZpdp°_u kfpkfu

V$L$phpfu ip°û dprl[u_y¨ k¨øep–dL$ [\p NyZp–dL$ `©\Ω$fZ A_° A\ÆOV$_ L$fhpdp¨

ApÏey ¨ l[y ¨.

‚ı[y[ ‚L$fZdp¨ kïp°^__u Ap^pfrigp A_° kïp°^_ ep°S>_p_° ‚ı[ph_p,

rhje_p° Dÿch, kïp°^_ `Ÿr[, Ïep`rhÔh A_° _d|_p `k¨]$Nu, D`L$fZp°_u

k¨fQ_p, dprl[u A°L$”uL$fZ_u fu[ [\p dprl[u `©\Ω$fZ_u fu[ hN°f° dyÿpAp°_p

ıhÍ$`° rhı[©[ Í$`° fS|> L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep. lh° `R>u_p ApNpdu `p¨Qdp¨ ‚L$fZdp¨

ıhfrQ[ D`L$fZp° [°dS> ]$ı[ph°∆ kprl–e_° Ap^pf° ‚p‡[ dprl[u_y ¨ `©\Ω$fZ

A_° A\ÆOV$_ A¨N° rhı[©[ QQpÆ lp\ ^fhp_p° D`æ$d fpMhpdp¨ ApÏep° R> °.

122

ñ: kprl–e r_]£$i :-

(1) X$u. A°. DQpV$, (1997). kïp°^_ kdıep `k¨]$Nu_p k•Ÿp¨r[L A_° Ïehlpfy

Ap^pfp° $. fpL$p °V $ : kp•fpÛV≤ $ eyr_hrkÆV$u, NyS>fp[ fpƒe$. `©.129.

(2) A°Q. ∆. ]°$kpB, A_° L°$. ∆. ]°$kpB$, (1997). kïp°^_ `Ÿr[Ap° A_° ‚rhrÂp°$.

R>Ã$u Aph©r—, Ad]$php]$ : eyr_hrkÆV$u N∞ ¨\ r_dpÆZ bp°XÆ $, NyS>fp[ fpƒe.

`©.85.

(3) J. W. Best, and J. Y. Khan, (1986). Research in Education. Edition - Fifth,

New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India. P.81.

(4) Apf. A°d. cÀ$u, A_° A°d. bu. `¨X$Èp, (1999). kpdprS>L$ kïp°^_ `Ÿr[Ap°.

Ad]$php]$ : A_X$p ‚L$pi_. `©.75.

(5) J. W. Best. Research in Education. U.S.A. : U.S.A. Prentice Hall Inc.

Clliffs., 195. P.4.

(6) K. P. Pandey, (1983). Fundamentals of Education Research. First Edi-

tion, Gaziabad : Amita’s Prakashan. P.139.

(7) F. N. Kerlinger, (1993). Foundation of Behavioral Research. New York :

Educational and Psychological Inquiry. Rine Hat and Winston in. P.148.

(8) X$u. bu. ipl, (2004). i•nrZL$ kïp°^_. Ad]$php] : eyr_hrkÆV$u N∞ ¨\ r_dpÆZ

bp°XÆ $, NyS>fp[ fpƒe$. `©.413.

(9) A°Q. ∆. ]°$kpB, A_° L°$. ∆. ]°$kpB, (1997). kïp°^_ `Ÿr[Ap° A_° ‚rhrÂp°.

R>Ã$u Aph©r—, Ad]$php]$ : eyr_hrkÆV$u N∞ ¨\ r_dpÆZ bp°XÆ $, NyS>fp[ fpƒe.

`©.93.

123

k‹ip¡^ u ap^pfrigp a ¡ k‹ip¡^ ep¡s>...

Documents