KM3Net and EMSO: joint approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences

Giuditta Marinaro

on behalf of EMSO Consortium

KM3Net Collaboration Meeting – Catania – 25 June 2013

I

EMSOEuropean

MultidisciplinarySeafloor

and water-columnObservatory

http://www.emso-eu.org/

Geosciences

Seismicity Gas hydrate stability Seabed fluid flow Submarine landslides Geo-hazard early warning

Physical Oceanography

Ocean warming Wind-driven circulation Deep-ocean circulation Benthic-water column interactions Marine forecasting

Biogeochemistry

Solubility pump & ocean acidification Biological pump Continental shelf pump Deep-ocean biogeochemical fluxes

Marine Ecology

Climate forcing of ecosystems Molecules to microbes Fisheries Marine noise Deep biosphere Chemosynthetic ecology

Science Objectives

In order to explore the time changing properties of the oceanic environment, sustained observations are essential at a sufficiently high frequency

These provide the means to examine complex interrelations between processes and properties:

- Short-time scales (minutes, hours to days)

- Longer-time scales (up to decades)

A key attribute of many current fixed observatories is that they are real-time multidisciplinary interactive and some cover several environments from the top of the ocean to the seabed

Fixed-point observatories

Socio-economically important topics which cross-cut the outlined science areas include themes spanning numerous spatial and temporal scales such as:

Natural and anthropogenic change

Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and climate

Impacts of exploration and extraction of energy, minerals and living resources

Geo-hazard early warning capability for earthquakes, tsunamis, gas hydrate release and slope instability and failure

Connecting scientific outcomes to stakeholders and policy makers

EMSO and Society

What are fixed stationary platforms?

Unmanned, multi-sensor platforms to make measurements from above the air-sea interface to below the seafloor, and with different configurations related to the communications:

Stand-alone and delayed mode

Mooring and seafloor platforms with acoustic/cabled capabilities

Novel scientific achievements

Technological innovation

Data harmonisation and quality control so that data are in the public domain immediately after collection

Develop links with data users: modelling, operational and civilian communities, etc.

Outreach so that the public and funding bodies use and appreciate the value of observatories

EMSO GoalsDevelop a global system of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sustained observatory networks

Integrate and enhance the existing infrastructures

Expansion of observatories in critical, representative locations in particular environments

Towards EMSO-ERIC

Italian Ministry Letter sent to the Funding Agencies

DONE

MoU Signature process

IN PROGRESS

Interim Office establishment

DONE

ERIC Application submission

NEXT

ERIC Application review process

NEXT

ERIC APPROVAL NEXT

Signatory Countries:

Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania, Greece, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, France, Spain*

*officially announced

Foreseen: Norway, Turkey

Postponed: Sweden

EMSO nodes

Koljö Fjord

OBSEA

Molènes

SmartBay

EMSO environment science extending MEUST infrastructure

EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node

Hydrodynamic – Circulation Biogeochemistry Marine Ecology Geosciences

MEUST SITES

4 sites are under evaluationWith autonomous mooring lines

ANTARESPrefered site

EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node

ANTARES infrastructure

Instrumented Interface Module (MII) 

 secondary junction box (SJB) 

sismometer

Seismology moduleCTDOxygen sensorTurbidity sensorADCPAbsolute pressure sensorOptical camera

Canyon du Var

Canyon du Paillon

EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node

The VAR valley and canyon

The Var submarine canyon is characterized by its direct connection to the Var River

Average flow of the Var river at Nice: 50 m3/s

Side Basin: 3000 Km2

Average seasonal flow (20 years) of the Var river at Nice

After 2017

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

sept oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug

Va

r F

low

(m

3/s

)

Long term strategy: monitoring intermediate and deep variability with core parameters acquisition (T, S, currents, O2, turbidity, particle fluxes)

EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea

Geo-hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity)Bio-acoustics (mammal tracking)

Oceanography (e.g., deep water circulation, current intensity and direction, temperature, salinity)

EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea

EMSO-MedIT: action and cohesion plan - enhancement of public research Infrastructures

Italian Project (19.9 M€)Partners: INGV, INFN, CNR, ISPRA, SZN

MIMED:multidisciplinary shallow and Deep-sea Infrastructure in the MEDiterranean Sea

Italian Project (7.2 M€)Partners: CNR, INGV, INFN, OGS

Fixed Infrastructures

Relocatable infrastructures

Cabled infrastructures

 

    

  

EMSO Cabled nodes

ISPRA ISPRA

INFN

INFN

CNRCNR

CNR

INGVSZN

CNR

INGV

INGV

INGV

CAMPANIAPUGLIA

North-WesternSICILY

CNR

South-WesternSICILY

North-EasternSICILY

EasternSICILY

Geographic distribution of the marine infrastructures enhanced in the frame of EMSO-MedIT

Final design of the Sea-floor network in PortopaloActivities will include:

the final design of the multidisciplinary station that will be connected to the Junction Box on the site of Portopalo.

the construction of the first prototype of the new generation of multiparameter underwater cabled stations.

the construction of the Junction Box that will be connected to the termination frame of the electro-optical cable in Portopalo.

the definition of the procedures for implementation of the underwater node, consisting of Junction Box and multiparametric station.

Enhancement in Portopalo site

Definition of the technical specifications for the monitoring of the water column and associated transmission systems and data management.

Integration of equipment and instrumentation acquired and development of laboratory testing

Planning and carrying out the installation and start of the test phase of the installed infrastructures.

EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea

EMSO & KM3Net: the Earth Science

(Sroi et al., 2007)

tsunamis

2 h

2 days

40 cm

2 cm

3 m

1 month Pressure: 1cm H2O ~ 1mbar

Early detection of tsunamigenic events:Seismic wavesAbsolute pressure

Low f sound waves

Geohazards:

Sumatra – Mw 8.5 (March 28, 2005)

SN-1SN-1

submarine landslides

Geohazards:

earthquakes

EMSO & KM3Net: the Earth Science

EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences

Oceanography:

oxygen

temperature

salinity

turbidity

pressure

EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences

Oceanography:

EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences

current

radioactivity

Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometerdetects total gamma spectrum in ocean seawater

EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences

biology:Acoustic array

Other EMSO instrumentation that could be useful for KM3Net calibration:

Light transmissometersSedimentation and biofouling monitorsCamerasSediment traps…..

Thank you for your attention

http://www.emso-eu.org/