http://www.emso-eu.org/http://www.emso-eu.org/

EMSOEMSOEuropeanEuropean

Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary SeafloorSeafloor

and water-columnand water-columnObservatoryObservatory

Laura BeranzoliLaura Beranzolion behalf of EMSO Consortiumon behalf of EMSO Consortium

EMSOEMSO,, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap, is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term monitoring of environmental processes

EMSO, an ESFRI Research Infrastructure EMSO, an ESFRI Research Infrastructure

Ruhl et al., 2011

ESFRIESFRI acts on issues related to the development of high scientific quality European research infrastructures. ESFRI ESFRI gives national authorities the opportunity to exchange news and to explore common and integrated initiatives for the best development and use of research infrastructures of European relevance

ESFRIESFRI mission is to support a coherent and strategy-led approach to policy-making on new and existing pan-European and global research infrastructures

http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm

Roadmap 2008 Roadmap 2008 ((44 Projects)44 Projects)

Scientific fields N. projects

Social Sciences & Humanities 5

Environmental Sciences (ENV) 10

Energy 4

Biological & Medical Sciences 10

Materials & Analytical Facilities 6

Physical Sciences (PHY) & Engineering 8

e-Infrastructures 1

Total*(*10 new projects in the Roadmap 2008 with respect to 2006)

4444

Roadmap 2008Roadmap 2008

http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm

DefinitionsDefinitions

• European Research Infrastructures (ERI) can adopt either a single site (SI) or a multiple site structure according to their specific characteristics and mission

• An ERI structured with multiple site is defined as “Distributed Infrastructure” (DI)

• Each ERI has a unique legal status, management structure, strategy and development plan

• ERI can undergo to Preparatory Phase project with the aim to design and create the legal entity managing the infrastructure (ERIC-European Research Infrastructure Consortium)

http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm

Mooring with satellite communications

Cabled configuration

NRC, 2003

Source “Implementation Strategies for ESONET and EMSO Appendix A”, 2009

SN4

GMM

SN3

SN1

GEOSTAR

MABEL (SN2)

PlatformPlatform

Overall Overall dimensions dimensions

(m)(m)(L x W x H)(L x W x H)

Weight Weight (kN)(kN)

(in air)(in air)

Weight Weight (kN)(kN)

(in water)(in water)

Depth Depth rated (m)rated (m)

GEOSTAR 3.50 x 3.50 x 3.30

25.4 14.2 4000

SN1 2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90

14.0 8.5 4000

SN3 2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90

14.0 8.5 4000

SN4 2.00 x 2.00 x 2.00

6.6 3.4 1000

GMM 1.50 x 1.50 x 1.50

1.5 0.7 1000

MABEL (SN2)

2.90 x 2.90 x 2.90

14.0 8.5 4000

GEOSTAR-class SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORIES

Favali et al., 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b

• multiparametric long-term (years) time-series

• seabed and water column measurements

• common set of sensors for basic measurements and further sensors for specific purposes

Observatory MeasurementsObservatory Measurements

• Seismic ground motion• Gravity• Magnetism• Geodesy and seafloor deformation • Fluid related processes monitoring• Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT) • Pore pressure• Gas hydrate monitoring• Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species• Acoustic tomography• CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents• Methane• Carbon dioxide• Heat Flow

• Nutrient analyzers • pH, Eh and alkalinity• hydrocarbon fluorescence• In situ Mass spectrometer• Particle flux trap• Image based particle flux• Pigment fluorescence• Deep biosphere sensors• Time-Lapse Cameras• Holographic imaging• Video• Passive acoustics• Active acoustics• Zooplankton sampling• In situ sample processors with molecular/ genetic probes• In situ respiration

EMSO nodesEMSO nodes

Koljö Fjord

OBSEA

EMSO test sitesEMSO test sites

Molènes

SmartBay

SN4 locationSN4 locationeastern part of the

sea at the westernmost end of

the fault rupture caused by the 1999 Izmit earthquake.

Main goals: Relationship between Seismicity & Gas seepage

Marmara SeaMarmara Sea

EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM (exp. Sept’09-ongoing)(exp. Sept’09-ongoing)

Partners: Turkey, Italy, FrancePartners: Turkey, Italy, France

DEGASSING EVENTS: preliminary interpretation

Apparently a “pulsation” of degassing by bubbles from the seafloor

Number of CH4 peaks: at least 70 Frequency > 1 peak every 2 days

O2 (mM)

T (°C)

CH4 (mM)

Iberian Margin Iberian Margin Acoustically linked observatoryAcoustically linked observatory

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

Gulf of Cadiz 85 km off-shore 3200 m w.d.

Portugal

N-E A

tlantic

Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa

MODUSMODUS

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

SISM

ACC

ML=4.7 Gulf of Cadiz (Jan.11, 2008)

EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08)EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08)EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing)EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing)

Partners: Portugal, Spain, Partners: Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Italy, Germany, France,

MoroccoMorocco

Example of pressure signal recorded during NEAREST mission

(1cm H2O ~ 1mbar)

3 m

1 month 2 h

2 days

40 cm

2 cm

Shore Station

NEMO JB

5 km

5 km

> 2000 m w.d.

20 km

Geo-hazard and bio-acoustic module

Bio-acoustic module

Web

2005 Real-time data transmission2008 Recovery for refurbishment2011 Re-deployment (ESONET-LIDO-DM)

Western Ionian Sea (off Catania)Western Ionian Sea (off Catania)

Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics, Test site for Neutrino Telescope

Synergy between the 2 ESFRI ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT KM3NeT and EMSO EMSO

ROV (operative 4000 m)

a b

Z

N

E

T

Z

N

E

T

200 s

Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14, 2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2

NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory

Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)

Z

N

E

Seismicity: examples of earthquakes recorded

ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)

85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth(cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009)

85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth(cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009)

Shore Station in Capo Passero Harbour

Western Ionian Sea : Capo Passero infrastructure

Submarine cable100 km - 20 fibres, DC-sea return

Submarine InfrastructureDC/DC Converter 10 kV-375 V

NEPTUNE-like design ROV connectors to end users

INGVINGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy)Co-ordinatorCo-ordinator

ITUITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey)

IFREMERIFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France)

UiTUiT - University of Tromsø (Norway)

NOCSNOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom)

HCMRHCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece)

KDMKDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany)

IMIIMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)

NIOZNIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)

UGOTUGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)

UTM-CSICUTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)

FFCULFFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)

EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership

EMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyEMSO data classification & policyMain features Seafloor and water-column in situ measurements Continuous time-series of physical parameters Diverse sampling rate: 10-4 Hz (=1 sample/h) to 102 kHz & Precise timing [stability 10-9 ÷10-11]

Data policy: Open access QC data (data/metadata) Interchangeable formatsLOW rate dataLOW rate data

• ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current

Profiler

• APG Absolute Pressure Gauge

• CTD Conductivity Temperature

• GRA Gravity meter

• PCM Currentmeter

LOW rate dataLOW rate data• ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current

Profiler

• APG Absolute Pressure Gauge

• CTD Conductivity Temperature

• GRA Gravity meter

• PCM Currentmeter

HIGH rate HIGH rate datadata• Seismometer• Hydrophone

HIGH rate HIGH rate datadata• Seismometer• Hydrophone

InstrumentsInstruments

Metadata Metadata onlyonlyMetadata Metadata onlyonly

RDBMS (MySQL)RDBMS (MySQL)File system (ftp, http)

CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH.POPULATION WARNING

CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH.POPULATION WARNING

EMSO PORTALEMSO PORTALEMSO PORTALEMSO PORTAL

DB, catalogueweb serverresource scheduling…

USERS

web servicesweb formsSQL…

streaming audio & videoweb forms …

GRIDCPU computing

GRIDCPU computing

EMSO distributed storage & databaseEMSO distributed storage & database

Integration in

GEOSS

EMSO contribution to GEOEMSO contribution to GEO

Global Ocean Observing

System

GEOSS

EMSO-ERIC will have: Central co-ordination

(statutory seat with central management)

Regional Teams (in charge of the EMSO nodes)

EMSO GovernanceEMSO Governance

Assembly of Members: highest level decision body composed by Representatives of the Countries

Steps towards EMSO-ERICSteps towards EMSO-ERIC

Signatory Countries:Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania, Greece, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, France, Spain*

*officially announced

Foreseen: Norway, Turkey

Postponed: Sweden

Italian Ministry Italian Ministry Letter sent to the Letter sent to the Funding Agencies Funding Agencies

DONEDONE

MoU Signature MoU Signature process process

IN PROGRESSIN PROGRESS

Interim Office Interim Office establishmentestablishment

DONEDONE

ERIC Application ERIC Application submissionsubmission

NEXTNEXT

ERIC Application ERIC Application review process review process

NEXTNEXT

ERIC APPROVAL ERIC APPROVAL NEXTNEXT

International dimensionInternational dimension

NEPTUNE Canada DONET Japan

IMOS Australia

MACHO Taiwan

ECSSOS China

OOI United States

Infrastructures integrationInfrastructures integration

Ruhl et al., 2011

Seafloor and water column

In line with:

“Support the development

of a truly integrated and

sustainably funded

European Ocean

Observing System…”

Ostend Declaration 2010

Ruhl et al., 2011 Ruhl et al., 2011

Logistics (Ships, ROVs, etc.) Logistics (Ships, ROVs, etc.)

Fixed point observatories

Mobile observatories

In line with:

“Support the development

of a truly integrated and

sustainably funded

European Ocean

Observing System…”

Ostend Declaration 2010

Infrastructures integrationInfrastructures integration

http://www.emso-eu.orghttp://www.emso-eu.org