know your city final report- lusaka

8/10/2019 Know Your City Final Report- Lusaka

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KNOW YOUR CITY: A CITY OF 2030 WITHOUT SLUMSLUSAKA REPORT

Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................. 4

1. General Project Background ....................................................... 4

1.1 Project Aim ................................................................................ 4

1.2 Project Organisation.5

1.3 Project Activities and Results ....................................................... 5

Know Your City Lusaka ............................................................. 52. Methodology and Technical Tools ............................................... 8

2.1 Key tools ................................................................................... 9

3. Project Process ......................................................................... 11

3.1 Community mobilisation, engagement and training .................... 11

3.2 Establishing a social fund for the urban poor: Womens Savings

Schemes. 11

3.3 Enumeration and mapping process ........................................... 12

3.4 Utilisation of Collected information .......................................... 14

3.5 Summary of Project Progress ................................................... 16

4. Challenges ............................................................................... 195. Key Lessons Learned ............................................................... 21

5.1 Lessons Surrounding Participation .............................................. 21

5.2 Lessons Surrounding Partnerships .............................................. 22

6. Assessment of Results ............................................................. 23

Appendixes ............................................................................. 25

Appendix 1: Summary of the enumeration reports ....................... 25

Executive summary: Zingalume Compound ...................................... 25

Executive summary: George Compound .......................................... 30

Appendix 2: Household Survey Questionnaire .............................. 34Appendix 3: Mapping forms used ................................................. 43

Kalikiliki Household Mapping Form ................................................... 43

Kalikiliki Enumeration: Water and Sanitation Form .......................... 44

Appendix 4: Sample Map .............................................................. 45

Appendix 5: Logical Framework for Scaling Up Project in Lusaka 46

Appendix 6: Draft Lusaka Informal Settlement Upgrading Strategy

.................................................................................................... 49


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Introduction

This final report outlines the process and results of the Know Your City

project jointly implemented in Lusaka by the Lusaka City Council (hereafter

the LCC) and informal settlement dwellers, of the Zambia Homeless and Poor

Peoples Federation (ZHPPF) of Lusaka city. The project sought to foster a

sustainable working relationship between local authorities and informal

settlement dwellers in a bid to expedite the creation of inclusive cities in

Zambia.

1. General Project Background

1.1 Project Aim

Established under the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) entered into by

Slum Dwellers International (SDI) and the United Cities and Local

Governments of Africa (UCLGA), these organizations sought to pilot a joint-

work project encouraging local government-community cooperation around

issues of inclusive city planning and slum upgrading. Through the Know Your

City joint work programme, and the nature of UCLGA and SDIs networks,

local governments and organized slum dweller communities were brought

together through the enumeration exercise an SDI tested tool tobuild the

capacity of urban poor communities to enter a constructive dialogue with

local authorities and collect information about the informal settlements and

their development needs.

Addressing the urgent need enhance the collective knowledge and data about

slums and informal settlements in Africa, the project aims to provide slum

communities and local municipalities with the tools they need to better plan


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and manage their cities in an inclusive manner. In order to do this, the city in

question must recognize that informal settlements and their populations are

part of the city and that the poor urban communities have fundamental

rights to be included in the planning process and strategic decisions

surrounding city planning and the provision of public services. Knowledge

starts with information gathering and correct statistics, thus the Know Your

City campaign is the first step towards inclusive planning and development in

African cities.

1.2 Project Organisation

This project was implemented under partnership between the United Cities

and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG-A) and the Slum Dwellers

International (SDI).

The UCLG-A is the umbrella organization and a united voice and

representative of local governments in Africa. It is an institution that gathers

40 national associations of local government from all regions of Africa as well

as over 2000 cities that have more than 100,000 inhabitants each. UCLGA

represents nearly 350 million citizens. The Executive Committee of UCLGA

passed a resolution to carry out joint work programme with SDI at the

UCLGA meeting held in Dakar, Senegal, 26 April, 2011. Through a

consultative process, the UCLG-A selected two of its members, the Lusaka

City Council (Zambia), in the Southern Africa region, and the city of

Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), in West Africa, to participate in the pilot

project.

The SDI is an umbrella organization of federations formed by urban poor to

engage in initiatives to upgrade slums and squatter settlements, secure

tenure, develop new housing that low income households can afford and

improve provision for infrastructure and services. SDI has a range of well-

developed and tested tools that support communities from informal

settlements to form community organizations, build the capacity of urban

poor communities to enter a constructive dialogue with local authorities and

collect information about the informal settlements and their development

needs.

The project was funded by the Cities Alliance (CA) through a grant of

$74,825.00 with a focus to catalyze urban transformation processes that

promote more inclusive cities; and advance collective know-how through


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learning distilled from project experiences. The United Cities and Local

Governments World Secretariat headquartered in Barcelona was the fund

recipient and disbursed on behalf of the Joint Work Programme.

1.3 Project Activities and Results

The core activities implemented through this project include:

Engaging poor urban communities to work with the participating

local authorities to develop inclusive cities;

Mapping & enumerating all households in settlements within

participating cities that are under threat of eviction and or identified

for upgrading;

Increasing the public knowledge & information of poor urban

settlements & scaling up the programme;

Designing and establishing an urban poor investment fund;

Embarking on a home improvement project in George compound.

Working jointly with local authorities, this programme consists of

communities collecting information about their own slum communities, which

will then build the knowledge capacity of slum dweller communities, local

authorities, city planners and other stakeholders on the realities of informal

settlements in the city where the Know Your City Project is implemented.

Together, these groups can then use this information to examine critical

issues such as the management and development of cities and re-evaluate

the current policies to ensure that slums and slum dwellers are integrated

into broader city development plans.

Projected results for the pilot project also included:

Availability of data and information for planning;

Enhanced capacity for slum upgrading for local authorities and

communities;

Networking and knowledge management and sharing on slum

upgrading;


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Established social investment fund for urban poor communities

This report covers the Lusaka component of the Know Your City project.

Know Your City Lusaka:

The Lusaka component of the project had three main partners, Lusaka City

Council; Peoples Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia (PPHPZ); and

Zambia Poor Peoples Federation (ZHPPF).

As one of the two chosen cities for the implementation of the Know Your City

Project, Lusaka embraced the project. With an already established

federation, Zambia Homeless and Poor Peoples Federation (ZHPPF) and

support NGO, Peoples Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia (PPHPZ),

the implementation of the Know Your City project took root quickly.

Beginning enumerations in George Compound, the largest settlement in

Lusaka, ZHPPF, PPHZ and participating community leaders began discussions

with the Lusaka City Council (LCC) on how the city and slum communities

can begin working together through this project. After the official opening of

the Know Your City project in Zambia and the signing of a MoU between

ZHPPF, PPHPZ and the LCC on 30 March 2012, the steering committee

entitled the project steering committee was established. Composed of 4

representatives from the informal settlements, 3 local authority staff and 2

PPHPZ representatives, the committee met every month to manage the

coordination and implementation of the Know Your City project in Lusaka,

ensuring that each stakeholder plays his or her part in the process.

Together the Project Steering Committee identified ten slum communities in

which to roll out this project; however, within the projects 10-month

timeframe only seven settlements were fully enumerated in the Lusaka

region. Working hand-in-hand through joint-work team, community

enumerators with the support of Lusaka city planners collected socio-

economic information from slum dwellers in George Compound, Kalikiliki,

Chipata, Mtendere East Compound, Zingalume compound, Chazanga and


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Chaisa compound. In addition to the enumeration information, the teams

were able to compile and complete GIS maps in two of these settlements

George and Kalikiliki compounds and a nearly complete map of the Mtendre

East Compoundestablishing the spatial layout of housing units, water and

sanitation facilities as well as other basic services facilities.

The information collected under this project has equipped communities, as

well as local authorities and other stakeholders, with a collective knowledge

to strategically design, plan and implement programmes that address the

needs of slum dwellers in these communities. Armed with this information,

the LCC, PPHPZ, ZHPPF and these newly enumerated informal settlements

have already begun discussions and designs for joint-work slum upgrading

initiatives beginning with water and sanitation one of the greatest needs for

all the communities where information was collected. Communities are

dynamic and therefore keeping track of changes occurring within the

community is important as well as remaining strategic in responding to

urbanization and other factors that exacerbate poverty in these communities.

2 Methodology and Technical Tools

Under the paradigm that knowledge is power, the Know Your City Projectworks under the premise that a better knowledge of cities will help local

authorities and slum dweller communities plan the future of their cities.

However, it is more than just accessing knowledge but the process of

gathering knowledge that is key. The previous, and all too common trend,

has been the Lusaka city council research team imposing themselves on slum

communities to collect information, which was often used against these

populations rather than in an effort to assist the struggles faced by these

communities. These professionals often approach these communities as

merely beneficiaries and objects of study rather than city citizens with

valuable knowledge and input about their own communities and innovative

ideas to contribute to the development of slums. This invasion is often met

with mistrust, misunderstanding and often hostility between the city and


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slum dweller communities, which in turn leads to false information or

omissions because the slum populations fear the threat of forced eviction

and/or other actions that detrimentally effect informal settlement

communities.

Moving away from this approach, the Know Your City project aims to

reconcile these conflicts through joint-work partnerships between the city

and slum dweller communities. Adopting the SDI core rituals of community-

led enumerations, GIS mapping and savings schemes, the Know Your City

project stimulates equal engagements between local authorities and slum

dweller communities through these mobilizing tools, highlighting the value of

the slum communities taking an active role in their own community

upgrading. By starting at the beginning together, mobilizing and collecting

information together, generates a level of trust and respect between these

two parties, leading to changes in city practices that advocate the active

participation of slum dwellers throughout the city planning process.

Furthermore, through these mobilisation and information gathering tools,

communities are empowered through the ownership of information they

collected

2. 1

Key Tools:

Community-led enumerations: these enumerations are led by trained

community members who are responsible for going door-to-door throughout

the whole informal settlement, ensuring that data is collected from every

household and structure. The houses are grouped and numbered to ensure

that data-collection is done correctly and completely inclusive of the full

informal settlement. Using community created questionnaires, community

enumerators are able to calculate: the general population of the settlement,

average family size, education, economic activities, infrastructure, security of

tenure, number of households, etc. The information from these

questionnaires are then entered into a database where it is then sent through

the statistical package for social sciences to produce manage, analyze and

summarize the data. (Please refer to Appendix 1: Summary of Enumeration


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of all the above, these savings schemes often become the heart of change in

slum communities.

3

Project Process

3.1 Community mobilisation, engagement and training

Informal settlement dwellers were tasked with the responsibility to engage

community members in the targeted settlements around the need to

participate in the project. Mobilising communities around womens saving

schemes and community-run enumerations, ZHPPF and PPHPZ were able to

identify and recruit community leaders and enumerators in each of the

identified informal settlements. Conducting door-to-door information

sessions, ZHPPF and community-identified leaders mobilized community

practitioners encouraging people to participate in the household surveys.

They identified community stakeholders, who also helped them to identify

potential participants and organize those who demonstrated interest in

volunteering during the process.

Federation members, who demonstrated expertise in the enumeration

process, specifically questionnaire administration, trained a total of 210

community enumerators in seven of the identified settlements. Community

enumerators were introduced to the key survey tools and given an

opportunity to practice before the actual enumeration exercise took place.

Realizing that the community practitioners would be expected to map the

targeted informal settlements, the community decided to request for support

from the federation members in Zimbabwe to hold a workshop on GIS

mapping. Six community practitioners were trained in GIS mapping, covering

topics, including but not exclusive to: a basic introduction to GIS; the use of

GIS information (spatial information); digitizing; and map production.

3.2 Establishing a social fund for the urban poor: Womens Savings

Schemes


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As one of the main objectives of the Know Your City Project, throughout the

enumeration and mapping processes the enumerators and community

mobilisers helped motivate the establishment of 10 new women-run savings

schemes of about 50 members each in George and Chipata compounds.

These 10 schemes have joined already existing savings schemes in pooling

their collective savings into one account entitled the Swalisano Urban Poor

Fund. This fund will then be used to finance the contributing slums upgrading

projects.

Through weekly meetings, each respective savings scheme calculates the

savings collected, separating the funds into three categories: daily savings,

health savings and the Swalisano Urban Poor Fund (UPF). Funds from daily

savings are set-aside until members collectively decide to either evenly split

the money or use the funds for a groups priority needs. Health savings are

specifically collected to support group members if illness falls upon them or

their family members. However, each member is required to contribute $2.00

a month to the group Swalisano fund, which will then be added to a collective

Urban Poor Fund (UPF) which is then used to finance slum upgrading projects

in the slum communities. The money is then revolved back into the fund

after the completion of one project to then finance future slum upgrading

initiatives. In the final Know Your City reporting period, it was estimated that

the 10 savings groups from George and Chipata Compound had already

saved: $1478.00 in the collective Swalisano UPF, $84.00 in health funds and

$400.00 in daily savings.

3.3 Enumeration and mapping process

Prior to the enumeration exercise, the targeted settlements would be zoned

in sections and households would be given a special coding system to ensure

that each household of the settlement is included in the enumeration. The

team of enumerators would then be divided into two teams of 15 members

each. Meeting each morning at the agreed upon hour, the 30 enumerators

would collect the community-created questionnaires and any other materials

they required. One of the teams would be tasked to go in the settlement


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numbering the structures, while the other would follow behind administering

the questionnaire. At the end of each days work enumerators would meet to

discuss the challenges that they face in the field so that the next days work

would be better. It should be highlighted that all seven enumerations were

entirely conducted by community practitioners in collaboration with Lusaka

City Council community development officers.

At the start of the project, enumerators were provided with a daily transport

refund for those coming from outside the targeted community to meet

together in a central area where they would collectively prepare their

afternoon meals between suverying. This helped to create group cohesion

and discussions among enumerators as well as improving the quality of the

data that was being collected because they took these opportunities to go

through each questionnaire together, beginning to screen and analyse the

data.

It was later discovered that this approach was both costly and time

consuming. Enumerators commented on the time lost moving to and from

this central area. To save time, it was agreed that enumerators would be

given an amount equivalent to the cost of the food previously taken at the

start of the project and the transport refund.

Due to delays in availability of necessary satellite images and GIS equipment,

the mapping aspect of the project was delayed until well after the

enumeration process was under way in the seven settlements. After months

of negotiations and engagement with the Lusaka City Council to acquire

these satellite images, these images proved to be unclear and difficult to

work with. The committee then decided that the attempt to use these

satellite images should be abandoned and replaced by Google images. The

mapping exercise finally began in October 2012, starting with the Kalikiliki

settlement. Headed by the 6 member mapping team, who had been trained

in Zimbabwe in April 2012 and retrained through a refresher course in

October, community members were sensitized on the importance of mapping

and how to map settlements using GIS.


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With the support of the GIS specialist who prepared and distributed the

images to the community mapping team members, mapping teams made

up of newly trained community members and one or two of the original six

trained in Zimbabwe went out into the settlement, identifying individual

structures on the ground and capturing additional information on the layout

and building found in the settlement. The mapping team would normally be

divided into groups of two where one person would read the map the other

would capture information about the structures. Returning to the PPHPZ

offices the teams would then digitize the maps in ArcGis and enter the

corresponding data into the system.

After entering all of the information into database, the community

enumerators and mappers compiled and analyzed the data into settlement

reports, which were then shared with the rest of the community, city

planners, LCC, the Mayor of Lusaka and other stakeholders. Furthermore, the

analysed data, reports and completed analysed GIS maps have been shared

with the rest of the public through the LCC database.

3.4 Utilisation of collected information

Recognizing the value of the partnership between LCC and organized slum

communities and the work taking place on the ground through the join-work

teams, monthly meetings between all parties were conducted throughout the

enumeration and mapping process discussing: updates on the work taking

place, challenges, success and the way forward in terms of the Know Your

City Project. These conversations, along with the resulting information

developed from enumeration and mapping processes, incited discussions of

future joint work slum upgrading projects between the city and slum dweller

communities, the Lusaka City Council and Zambian Federation. Furthermore,the city of Lusaka, Peoples Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia, and

federation are taking steps to scale-up this project to a city-wide scale,

completing the enumerations, mapping, profiling and reporting of the

remaining slum communities in Lusaka.


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Upon the completion of the Know Your City Project, the alliance held a

dialogue forum with the Lusaka City Council, community practitioners, and

Ministry of Local Government officials to discuss the impact of the project as

well as come up with a draft slum upgrading strategy. A total of 20 people

attended this 2-day long forum. Continuing to work hand-in-hand with the

LCC, PPHPZ and ZHPPF drafted the Lusaka Informal Settlement Upgrading

Strategy. This document intends to provide a road map to improve the

livelihoods of people living and working in Zambias informal settlements

through the provision of security of tenure, housing improvement, income

generation and physical and social infrastructure. The aim of this strategy

document is to consolidate the efforts of all the relevant stakeholders

involved in slum upgrading projects in Lusaka and develop a commonstrategy and implementation agenda in order to be able to move forward

with the programme.(Please refer to Annex 5: Lusaka Informal Settlement

Upgrading Strategy for more information).


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3.5Summary of project progress

Project Title: Know Your City Project LusakaSummary of Project outcomes

Activities planned No. Deliverables Deviation from

original project

design

Reason for

deviation

Comment of assumptions

constraints

Preparation and

signing of the

Memorandum of

understanding

1 Signed M.o.U

Between the

Lusaka city

council and

informal

settlement

dwellers

Planning meeting in

all the ten informal

settlements to beenumerated

10 Detailed

implementation

plan and budgets

Project Steering Committee was

ambitious assuming that 10 settlements

could be enumerated and mapped in 10-months. LCC and ZHPPF plan to finish

the remaining 3 settlements even after

the end of the Know Your City Pilot

Project in Lusaka.

Training of

enumerators in

each in each

10 Trained

enumerators

It was assumed that the same

community members would volunteer

for the entire time it takes to enumerate


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settlement a settlement; however this proved to be

impossible. So refresher courses on

enumerations for those participants who

joined the enumeration process later.

Rolling out

enumerations in

each of the ten

informal

settlements

7 Enumeration

report

Up to the end of the

project, only two

reports were

produced

Enumerations were

conducted in 7

settlements, but only

managed to enter

data for 2 settlements

during the project

timeframe

Community participation was sometimes

sporadic because some community

members were demanding allowances

and if not given they would withdraw

their participation and this dragged

implementation

Preparation of

maps related to

enumerations

2 Map samples for

George

Compound,

Kalikiliki and

Mtendere East

It was planned that

each of the 10-

targeted informal

settlements would be

mapped.

Within a limited

timeframe proved a

significant constraint

on the projects

progress. In the end

only two settlement

maps have been

completed in full.

Acquiring satellite images with an

excellent resolution was a challenge and

this made it difficult to do mapping at

the same time with enumerations.

Map and Geo-referenced data in

10 settlements

2 Geo-referencedmaps

It was planned that10 selected informal

settlements will be

mapped and Geo-

referenced

It was discovered thatto be able to produce

all the 10 maps, the

alliance would require

more time to

implement because

some of these

settlements are quite

big and mapping is

Acquiring satellite images with anexcellent resolution was a challenge and

this made it difficult to do mapping at

the same time with enumerations.


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very time consuming.

Set up savings

schemes:

Community Savings

Schemes

10 Establishment of

functional saving

schemes

The concept of community savings is

sold on the basis of members willingly

saving money for various needs and

community members are free to join or

not.

Forums of slum

dwellers and local

authority officials to

meet to discuss

outcomes, agree on

priority upgrading

intervention

3 Prioritized

intervention for

upgrading

It was planned that

after every

enumeration and

mapping, community

members would

meet with their local

authority leaders to

discuss.

Both parties unable to

meet together for

more than the brief

meetings on the

project progress. Only

three of these priority

need intervention

meetings took place.

Know Your City

Sensitization

Workshop -

1 Increased

awareness on

informal

settlements

It was assumed that the project would

formal change city planning practices

and policy; however, this type of change

takes time and many negotiations. The

Know Your City Sensitization Workshop

was an opportunity to share ideas andbegin these negotiations for policy

change that is pro-poor and inclusive of

slum dweller communities. The Project

Steering Committee drafted theLusaka

Informal Settlement Upgrading

Strategy, which was discussed during

the workshop.


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4.

Challenges

As a pilot project, it is expected that unforeseen challenges and obstacles would

arise. Some of these challenges were met with simple solutions, while others faced

long periods of reflection before a sustainable solution was found. However, these

obstacles serve to improve upon the Know Your City Project and similar

programmes.

The main challenges faced during this pilot were:

Limitations of timeframe:As mentioned earlier, the 10-month timeframe

allocated for the pilot project proved limited, not taking into the amount of

time taken for mobilisation, enumerations, profiling and mapping. All these

activities take time and require patience; if rushed, the resulting information

will prove inadequate to base the success of future slum upgrading

programmes. Furthermore, due to the unforeseen obstacles that were

presented during the pilot in Lusaka, the project steering committee was

unable to enumerate and map the 10 settlements originally identified.

Limited materials: During the project implementation thousands of

questionnaires had been generated and were supposed to be entered and

analyzed. The major challenge had been that data entry has been so slow

simply because there were few computers and people to enter it and it was

taking long to finish and produce reports. There were only three slum youths

entering data since there were only three computers dedicated to the Know

Your City project. This affected the pace at which progress was being made.

To remedy this problem the Lusaka City Council seconded two of their

members of staff from the research department to beef up the data entry

team. It had also been proposed that data be entered manually to produce

draft results that the community and the council could use but will have to be

correlated with the ones to be produced at the later stage through the

statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).


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Obstacles surrounding community mobilisation and training: Another

challenge that the project faced was lack of consistent community

participation especially from members that are not part of the federation of

the urban poor. The project was being piloted in settlements where major

international organisations have been operating and have been giving

incentives to induce community participation. This made it very difficult to

solicit for community participation where no allowances would be given. To

address this challenge the federation had to re-sensitize non federation

members on the importance of community participation in their own

development processes and managed to get more non federation members

to participate. They had to appeal to the development value of the

enumerations and mapping in order to get non-federation communitymembers to get on board.

In addition, it was discovered that the community mapping team did not

thoroughly understand the mapping process and its technicalities hence

errors were noticed in the data that was being generated. The exercise was

then halted to reorient the mapping team on the type and quality of spatial

data that they should collect. After the mapping team members were

reoriented, the alliance was able to correctly map Kalikiliki and Mtendere

compound.

Insufficient funds and irregular fund disbursement: With a budget

limited to just over USD35,000.00 for each pilot city participating in the

Know Your City Project, it was a challenge for the Lusaka team to meet all

the objectives and deliverables for the project on a limited budget. Lusaka

was unable to enumerate and map the 10 slum communities they originally

hoped to implement the Know Your City Project and when the money was not

sufficient SDI pre-financed activities. It was also highlighted that mapping,

enumerations and survey drafting all take time and a certain level of

technological support that is often out of reach for slum communities.


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Furthermore, the extended delays in disbursement of project funds that were

faced during the pilot projects had a negative affect on the project.

Community members became discouraged and dropped out of the process

returning to their daily activities. This then caused project activities to be

suspended due to the lack of funds and volunteers; however, when activities

were to be resumed it was necessary to remobilise enumerators and

surveryers to regain their commitment to the project.

5. Key Lessons Learned

Community participation has proved to be vital in the sustainability of this and any

future partnerships between informal settlements and municipalities. This project

has managed to change that kind of perception and demonstrate that informal

settlement dwellers have a role to play in their development process if only they

are respected for who they are and what they can contribute to the process.

Although the overall project was successful on multiple levels, there are key lessons

that were learned through this pilot project in Lusaka that can help refine the

project for replication and scaling up:

5.1

Lessons surrounding Participation: Mobilising communities:The mobilisation of community members to

participate in the enumeration process takes time and often times, the

community has a hard time understanding the importance of volunteering

because they have been used to being paid by other international NGOs to

develop their communities. These obstacles can delay project timeframes

and can be discouraging; however, by using already mobilised community

members and members of savings schemes as community mobilisers, with

time slum communities will begin to see the benefits of community-run

enumerations and mapping.

Rotation of community enumerators:Maintaining the same community

enumerators throughout the enumeration and profiling process of a slum


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settlement can cause some of the enumerators to request payment for the

enumeration work. Since these volunteers are abandoning their other jobs or

income generating activities to participate in the enumeration process,

expecting them to work on community enumerations continuously until its

completion is unreasonable unless they receive a daily or weekly stipend

besides lunch. After experiencing this situation in some of the slum

communities being enumerated, the Lusaka team began to rotate their

community enumerators, recruiting and training new identified community

enumerators to work for a week or so and then repeating this process with a

new selection of community members. However, this process requires that a

number of enumeration and mapping trainings take place to train the newly

recruited enumerators or refresh community enumerators who had to leavethe process for a time to return to their income generating activities.

5.2 Lessons surrounding Partnerships:

Importance of transparency:One of the major lessons that this project

has presented is that transparency in any partnership is critical to the

success of any project embarked on. Throughout the process in Lusaka, the

project budget was shared with the relevant stakeholders, helping to address

unnecessary expectations from both the community members and council

staff. The council has even gone an extra mile to provide their staff with the

support necessary to enable them work with communities during this current

and future projects. This of course was after the realization that the project

could not meet all the costs and that the information that is being collected

will be beneficial to both the council and the community hence the need to

commit resources to it.

Collaboration between the formal and informal:The second lesson is

that the project has revealed that it is very possible for professionals to work

side by side with non-professionals and produce work that is professional.

The project has proved once again that when communities work side by side

with city officials it helps to address apprehensions from community


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members about the council coming to survey their community for a possible

eviction especially in communities with undefined legal status. The duality of

the authority of the city planners validated the profiling and enumeration

being conducted by community members while the participation and

explanations presented by community enumerators about the project and

why this information was being gathered gave comfort to the rest of the

community that the information would not be used to do harm and disrupt

the lives of these informal populations. The roles of each party compliment

one another and provided a well-rounded approach to information gathering.

6.

Assessment of results

One of the deliverables of the project is to generate information that can be used

for planning through sustained partnerships between the informal settlements and

their respective municipalities and the project is slowly achieving that. The project

has fostered a partnership between the council and informal settlements that

guarantees future collaboration on any slum-upgrading project. The community

feels comfortable working hand-in-hand with professionals as equals.

Changing the perception of slum dwellers in the eyes of local authorities, this

project has created a sense of trust and respect between both parties. In terms of

meeting the project objectives and deliverables, the pilot project in Lusaka has met

the main objective and developed the core deliverables required. However, more

than just the listed objectives, this project has achieved the ultimate objective by

inspiring a partnership between the Lusaka City Council and slum dweller

organizations and communities. This partnership has not only fostered working

relationships between communities and local authorities, but has created a space

for slum dwellers to play an active role in city development and planning.

Future plans are for this partnership to continue through other slum upgrading

initiatives, using the data collected through the Know Your City project as the basis

for future programmes in Lusaka. Currently the slum dweller communities, PPHPZ

and the LCC are designing projects around water and sanitation, lack of secure


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tenure and poor structured housing - all community-identified priority problems in

the slums of Lusaka. Beginning with George Compound the first informal

settlement enumerated and mapped during the Know Your City Project designs

and plans for affordable sanitation facilities and home improvement joint-work

projects are underway, along with negotiations for land tenure for identified slum

communities.

Furthermore, the LCC, PPHPZ, ZHPPF and participating slum communities plan to

continue with the project on their own, enumerating and mapping all the informal

settlements in the Lusaka area. In addition to this initiative, all parties hope to

scale-up this programme to a nation-wide scale, where Lusaka would serve as a

learning centre for other municipalities and slum dwellers interested in

implementing a similar programme in their own cities. It is hoped that these

initiatives will lead to the adoption of formal policy change and inclusive city

planning initiatives, which were outlined and presented in the Lusaka Informal

Settlement Upgrading Strategydrafted by the project steering committee.


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Appendix 1: Summary of Enumeration Reports

Executive summary: Zingalume compound

This paper presents the summary of the findings of the community-led informationgathering in Zingalume compound about the social and economic condition of the

settlement. Community members carried out the exercise with support from the

Lusaka City Council community development officers.

Zingalume compound started as an overspill of the neighbouring George compound

in the late 1980s. It was established to accommodate households that were being

displaced in George compound to pave way for infrastructure development such as

roads and water pipes.

Preliminary findings of the survey indicate that the settlement has an estimated

population size of 6118 residents with 874 households. 76 percent of the housing

units are mostly built from concrete blocks with a few built from anthill clay. The

survey also revealed that 79.1 percent of the households are renting the houses in

which they are staying. 61.8 of those who own houses or land have secure tenure

in form of occupancy certificates that give them land use rights for a period of 30

years and only 13 percent have full title deeds.

51 of the total number of respondents are either in full time or part time

employment while 49 percent are engaged in self help economic activities such as

vending. The preliminary results also show that 86 percent of the interviewed

households are sharing 21 water points that are religiously controlled to just allow

60 litres of water per household per day.

The survey also found out that 98 percent of the respondents said that they are

using a traditional pit latrine as a form of sanitation option and in most cases theyare either full or poorly built. The settlement has only 86 pit latrines and these are

shared between 5 to 15 persons per pit latrine.


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50 percent of the residents have access to electricity which is sporadically supplied

and so during blackouts residents resort to using charcoal and paraffin as

alternative sources of heating and lighting energy respectively.

There is no proper waste management system in the areas and so residents just digand bury their waste. The settlement has experienced partial floods during heavy

rainy seasons that sometimes have washed away poorly constructed houses and

toilets. The community identified increased access to clean water, more schools,

proper roads and improved quality of houses and toilets as priority development

challenges that need to be addressed urgently.

Given the above findings, the study made the following recommendations as the

road map to addressing the challenges identified.

There is need for community members to engage their ward councilor over

access to occupancy certificates that will encourage them to invest in their

structures and sanitation facilities.

Community members should get mobilized and start up community based

enterprise that will address waste management in the community as well as

create income for those doing formally employed.

There is need to increase access to proper sanitation in the settlement so

that there is decency in the settlement.


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Figure 1 Summary of enumeration results for Zingalume

Thematic Area Information collected Statistics

Settlement profileZINGALUMECOMPOUND

Location (City/Country)LUSAKA

ZAMBIA

ValuePercentage (%)

Total Number of structures Enumerated: 1761 100

Total number of households captured 874 100

Total number of households enumerated 874 92.6

Population profile Total number of people in enumerated households 6118 92.6

Household details gender of head of household 599 Male68.5

274Female

31.4

number of people in household 6118

Estimated population 7000

Residential structuredetails

Average household size 6

average number of rooms per household 2

Proportion of concrete dwellings 664 76.0

Proportion of ant-hill clay dwellings 26 3

Tenure details Number of households renting 691 79.1

Number of households owned by occupants 138 15.8

Number of households with certificates of occupancy 540 61.8

Number of households with formal title deeds 114 13

Employment/Income Proportion of households with head in formal employment 332 38


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Proportion of households with head in informal employment 120 13.7

Water Access Proportion of households accessing water from borehole 69 7.9

Shallow wells 6 0.7

Yard taps 35 4

Kiosks 28 3.2

Proportion of households sharing water point 754 86

Proportion of households owning water point 113 12.9

Sanitation Proportion of households using pit latrine 857 98.1

Proportion of households sharing pit latrine with neighbors 56 6.4

Average number of people/households per toilet 15 69.7

Number of pit latrines toilets available86

Other servicesAvailability of formal electricity connection in dwelling (number ofHH)

467 50

Available markets 1

Available clinics 1

Availability of other lighting energy sources (if no formalconnection)

Waste disposal mechanism dig and bury

infrastructure Available state schools 2

Available churches 4

Available bars 41

Available playing space none

Available shops(Grocery shops, butcheries etc) 19

Disaster historyMain environmental hazards (floods, mudslides, heavy rains,collapsed houses)

Floods

Developmental priorities Most urgent needs

water

roads

schools

Improvedhousing


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Executive summery George compound

This paper presents the summary of findings of the enumeration carried out in

George compound to establish the living conditions, the socio-economic aspects of

community life as well as access to basic service delivery. The survey was

managed, controlled and propelled by the community members who received

capacity on how to collect data and analyze the data.

The findings of the study reveal that the settlement has a total of 11,023

households with an estimated population of 66,138. The houses in the settlement

are predominantly built from concrete blocks, mud bricks and anthill clay and are

generally poorly constructed. The findings show that the common type of sanitation

is the traditional pit latrine making up 99.2 % of households. This presents a

serious sanitation and environmental problem in the settlement in the sense that

many households are sharing traditional pit latrines as many families especially

tenants have no access to their own toilets. Specifically, the enumeration report

indicates that 62.9 % of households share sanitation facilities between 6 and 15

members. This places users at a risk of contracting diseases due to the unhygienic

nature of the sanitation. On the other hand, the use of traditional pit latrines poses

a serious environmental hazard as ground water is susceptible to pollution.

The common water sources for the community are communal water taps and the

settlement has about 185 water kiosks. These water points are controlled and

residents are only allowed to get about 100 litres of water per day. The study

revealed that residents need more litres of water than what they are currently

accessing and so they are forced to get water from shallow wells which are

contaminated.

In summary the report makes the following recommendations about the settlement

The community needs improved access to reliable and safe water source.

There is need to increase capacity of residents to implement and manage

sanitation infrastructure other than pit latrines and other conventional

sanitation facilities.


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The community need to be mobilized to enable them to start saving for their

toilets as well as connections to water

There is need to extend the period that households have access to communal

taps and also increase the amount of water they get per day.

The community has very poor sanitation facilities, which are in deplorable

conditions; this challenge is likely to trigger a serious outbreak of diseases in

the settlement.


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Figure 2 Summary of enumeration results for George

Thematic Area information collected Statistics

Settlement profileGEORGE

COMPOUND

Location (City/Country) LUSAKA ZAMBIA

Value Percentage(%)

Total Number of structures Enumerated: 16,520 100

Total number of households captured 11,908 100

Total number of households enumerated 11,023 92.6

Population profile Total number of people in enumerated households 66,138 92.6

Household details gender of head of household 40,476 Male 68.

25,000 Female 37.8

number of people in household 66,138

Estimated population 71448

Residentialstructure details

Average household size 6

average number of rooms per household 2

Proportion of concrete dwellings 7,665 69.5Proportion of ant-hill clay dwellings 259 2.3

Tenure details Number of households renting 7,930 71.9

Number of households owned by occupants 1,752 15.9

Number of households with certificates of occupancy 6,019 54.6

Number of households with formal title deeds 1,605 14.6

Employment/Income

Proportion of households with head in formal employment 3,720 33.7

Proportion of households with head in informal employment 1,216 11.0

Water Access Proportion of households accessing water from borehole 287 2.6


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Thematic Area information collected Statistics

Shallow wells 211 1.9

Yard taps 403 3.7

kiosks 800 7.3

Proportion of households sharing water point 6,620 60.1

Proportion of households owning water point 695 6.3

Sanitation Proportion of households using pit latrine 8,906 80.8

Proportion of households sharing pit latrine with neighbours 825 7.5

Average number of people/households per toilet 16

Number of pit latrines toilets available3153

Other servicesAvailability of formal electricity connection in dwelling (number ofHH)

5,080 46.1

Available markets 1

Available clinics 1

Availability of other lighting energy sources (if no formal connection) 3,363 30.5

Waste disposal mechanism dig and bury

infrastructure Available state schools 2

Available churches 27

Available bars 45

Available playing space 16

Available shops(Grocery shops, butcheries etc) 243

Disaster historyMain environmental hazards (floods, mudslides, heavy rains,collapsed houses)

Floods 2009

Developmental

prioritiesMost urgent needs

Toilets

Water

Roads

schools


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know your city final report- lusaka

Documents