knowledge for business lost in ambient intelligence jasper lindenberg [email protected] +31...
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TNO Defence, Security and Safety
Knowledge for business
Lost in Ambient Intelligence
Jasper [email protected]+31 (0)346 356 264
2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety2
Introduction
• Who am I?
• What is CACTUS?
• Joint TU-Delft (EWI&IO) & TNO project
• Context Aware Communication, Terminal and User
• Ad-Hoc Networks
• Intelligent Terminals & Environments
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Experiment -Service Identification and Selection
• Problem: identifying and addressing services in large-scale ad-hoc environments.
• Compare two solutions: Ask Interface vs. Select Interface• which solution is:
• more effective• more efficient• more trustworthy• has a better user experience• creates better overall service awareness
• Outline: • Technical Environment• Experimental set-up• Results• Conclusion.
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Client - Ask Interface
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Client - Select Interface
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Technical EnvironmentHome
Office
Gallery
Control-room
Services
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Available Services
• Lighting • Video• Audio• Washing machine• Coffee machine• Email• Calendar• Route planner• Weather information• News• Information about paintings• Alarm handling
• Information about Painters• Heating• Curtains• Restaurant information• Shops• Painting Seller• Delivery service• Pizza ordering service• Squash/Fitness center• Timer• Movie recommender• etc.
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Test Leader - Main Console
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Ask-interface walkthroughUser
Control
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Select-interface walkthroughUser Control
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Experiment - outline & measurements
• Between subjects design (Female & Male balanced)
• Introduction• Generic Questionnaire• Locus of Control• Scenario/Tasks• Valence/Arousal (6 x during tasks)• Trust Questionnaire• Service Awareness Assessment• Usability Questionnaire
SAM - Valence
SAM - Arousal
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Experiment - participants
• N = 19 (8 Female, 11 Male)• Education = HBO+• Age = average 23 (min = 18 ; max = 28)• Internet experience: high• Computer experience: average• Mobile device experience: average
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Results (1) - Number of correct tasks
• Ask Interface (A) vs. Direct Control Interface (S)
cond; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=26.169, p=.00013
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
A S
cond
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TAS
K-C
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Results (2) - Number of correct tasks
• Female vs. Male
"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=4.5842, p=.04910
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V M
V/M
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TAS
K-C
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Results (3) - Number of correct tasks• A/DC * M/F
cond*"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=4.8970, p=.04283
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V/MV V/MM
A S
cond
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TAS
K-C
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Results (4) - total time
cond*"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.68988, p=.41923
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V/MV V/MM
A S
cond
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TAS
K-T
"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.02822, p=.86883
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V M
V/M
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TAS
K-T
cond; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.68210, p=.42181
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
A S
cond
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TAS
K-T
Same trend, but no significant results.
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Results (5) - LOC & gender
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Results (6) - User Remarks
• You become dependent of the device• A good system for lazy people (+/-)• Lost in the structure (Select Interface)• Ordinary language use is nice, but current understanding is too
limited• No alternative solution (Ask Interface)• Device is not small enough• Quick (solution), slow (hard- & software)• Overkill for switching on the light• Not enough overall services (turn of all the appliances)
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Conclusion
• Ask interface in combination with context information (history, location, gaze) seems a valid solution.
• Select interface prevents a dead-lock situation.• A combination should contain an ask-interface for general use
and a select interface component for dead-lock situations.• Context-Awareness proves to be a difficult concept in practice.• Service Awareness remains limited to the used services.
