knowledge management introduction elp version.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Knowledge management – it might not be what you think it is!
INTRODUCING KNOWLEDGE WORK: PROCESSES, PURPOSES AND CONTEXTS*
• What Is Knowledge?
• Structural Perspectives and Types of Knowledge
• Process and Practice Perspectives: Knowledge and Knowing
• Perspectives Compared
INTRODUCTION*
• Importance of managing knowledge
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period
• The 'knowledge as possession' view
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period
• The 'knowledge as possession' view
• The ‘epistemology of practice’ view
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
“Individuals and groups clearly make use of knowledge, both explicit and tacit, in what they do; but not everything they know how to do, we argue, is explicable solely in terms of the knowledge they possess. We believe that individual and group action requires us to speak about both knowledge used in action and knowing as part of the action” (Cook and Brown, 1999, p. 382).
“Organizations are better understood... if knowledge and knowing
are seen as mutually enabling (not competing). We hold that knowledge is a tool for knowing, that knowing is an aspect of our interaction with the social and physical world, and the interplay of knowledge and knowing can generate new knowledge and new ways of knowing” (Cook and Brown, 1999, p. 381).
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period
• The 'knowledge as possession' view
• The ‘epistemology of practice’ view
• Working definition of knowledge
– 'the ability to discriminate within and across contexts' (Swan, 2008).
WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE?*
• The classical Greek period • The 'knowledge as possession' view • The ‘epistemology of practice’ view • Working definition of knowledge
– 'the ability to discriminate within and across contexts' (Swan, 2008).
– 'a learned set of norms, shared understandings and practices that integrates actors and artefacts to produce valued outcomes within a specific social and organizational context' (Scarbrough, 2008).
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Structural perspectives on knowledge draw largely from the epistemology of possession
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Structural perspectives on knowledge draw largely from the epistemology of possession
• Frameworks for understanding knowledge types
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
– Originating 'ba’
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
– Originating 'ba’
– Interacting 'ba'
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
– Originating 'ba’
– Interacting 'ba‘
– Cyber 'ba'
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
– Originating 'ba’
– Interacting 'ba‘
– Cyber 'ba‘
– Exercising 'ba'
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Nonaka's framework (1994)
– Originating 'ba’
– Interacting 'ba‘
– Cyber 'ba‘
– Exercising 'ba‘
• The SECI model of Nonaka and his colleagues is not without critics
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Spender's framework (1996, 1998)
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Blackler's framework (1995)
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Critique of structural perspectives
– Theoretical objections
STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVES AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE*
• Critique of structural perspectives
– Theoretical objections
– Practical objections
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Failure of previous knowledge management initiatives
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Failure of previous knowledge management initiatives
• Knowing is not a static embedded capability or stable disposition of actors, but rather an ongoing social accomplishment, constituted and reconstituted as actors engage the world in practice (Orlikowski, 2002, p. 249).
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives
– social philosophers; social theorists; cultural theorists; ethnomethodologists
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives
– social philosophers; social theorists; cultural theorists; ethnomethodologists
– knowledge is 'sticky'
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives
– social philosophers; social theorists; cultural theorists; ethnomethodologists
– knowledge is 'sticky'
– when we perform practice we use many kinds of material and physical objects
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives
– social philosophers; social theorists; cultural theorists; ethnomethodologists
– knowledge is 'sticky'
– when we perform practice we use many kinds of material and physical objects
• implications for managing knowledge work
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives – social philosophers; social theorists; cultural
theorists; ethnomethodologists
– knowledge is 'sticky'
– when we perform practice we use many kinds of material and physical objects • implications for managing knowledge work
– knowledge work actually takes place in a broader 'field of practices'
PROCESS AND PRACTICE PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWING*
• Practice perspectives – social philosophers; social theorists; cultural theorists;
ethnomethodologists
– knowledge is 'sticky'
– when we perform practice we use many kinds of material and physical objects • implications for managing knowledge work
– knowledge work actually takes place in a broader 'field of practices'
– investment of knowledge in peoples' practice
PERSPECTIVES COMPARED* Epistemology of
Possession Epistemology of Practice
Structural Process Practice
View of social life 1 2 3
View of Knowledge 4 5 6
Major locus of Knowledge
7 8 9
Link between knowledge and organizational Performance
10 11 12
Major focus for managing knowledge Work
13 14 15
Major tasks of Knowledge Management
16 17 18