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KNOWLEDGE MODULE SPECIFICATIONS

List of Theory/ Knowledge Modules for which Specifications are included

511302002-KM-01, Basics of Guiding, NQF level 4, Cr 15

511302002-KM-02, Basic principles for starting a business, NQF level 4, Cr 5

511302002-KM-03, South Africa, NQF level 4, Cr 8

511302002-KM-04, Designing a Tour/Activity, NQF Level 4, Cr 5

511302002-KM-05: Advanced outdoor health and safety NQF 4, 5 credits

511302002-KM-06: Principles of Professional execution and control, NQF level,

xxx credits

511302002-KM-07: Single pitch abseiling experience less than 60m, NQF L3 Cr

3

511302002-KM-08: Single pitch abseiling experience more than 60m, NQF L4

Cr 5

511302002-KM-09: Single pitch sport rock climbing experience, NQF L4 Cr 5

511302002-KM-10: Traditionally protected rock climbing, NQF L4, Cr 4

511302002-KM-11: Multi-pitch rock climbing experience, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-12: Single day limited area on-trail hiking or mountain walking

experience, NQF L3 Cr 5

511302002-KM-13: Single day limited area on-trail hiking or mountain walking


511302002-KM-14: On-trail hiking or mountain walking experience,

NQF level 4, Cr 5

511302002-KM-15: Mountain activities at high altitude, NQF L5 Cr 4

511302002-KM-16: Off-trail hiking or mountain walking, NQF L5 Cr 3

511302002-KM-17: Wild and winter camping in the outdoor environment, NQF

L4 Cr 3

511302002-KM-18: Advanced navigation for mountaineering, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-19: Multi pitch or multi day technical canyoneering experience,

NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-20: Single pitch non-technical canyoneering excursion, NQF L4

Cr 5

511302002-KM-21: Single pitch technical canyoneering excursion NQF L4 Cr 3

511302002-KM-22: Mountain rescue for adventure guides, NQF L5 Cr 5

2

511302002-KM-23: Mountaineering experience, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-24: Technical ice climbing experience, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-25, Vehicle specifics and safety and convoy procedures, NQF

L3 Cr 5

511302002-KM-26: Food and Refreshments, NQF L3 Cr 3

511302002-KM-27: Expedition paddling experience, NQF L4 Cr5

511302002-KM-28: Flat water Trip Leader Restricted, NQF L3 Cr 3

511302002-KM-29: Open water paddling experience, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302002-KM-30: Ocean Paddling Trip Leader Restricted, NQF L4 Cr 5

511302002-KM-31:Swiftwater assistant guide, NQF L4 Cr 5

511302002-KM-32: Swift water trip leader – restricted, NQF L4 Cr 5

511302002-KM-33: Swift water trip leader up to class 4 and 5, NQF L5 Cr 5

511302000-KM-34, Camping activities, NQF level 4, Cr 3

511302000-KM-35, Adventure Parks(a combination of high rope, short zip lines

and challenge activities) NQF level 4, Cr 5

511302000-KM-36: Zip line activity NQF level 4, Credits 5

511302000-KM-37, Mountain Biking, NQF level 4, Cr 5

3

1. 511302002-KM-01, Basics of Guiding, NQF level 4, Cr 15

1.1 Purpose of the Knowledge Module

The main focus of the learning in this knowledge module is to provide the learner with an

opportunity to build a sound theoretical understanding of the multiple components of the

tourism industry according to the Nature Tourist Guide Criteria and guideline document

The learning will enable learners to demonstrate an understanding of:

KM-01-KT01: The Tourism Industry (10%)

KM-01-KT02: Client care for guides (15%)

KM-01-KT03: Ethical and Professional conduct (20%)

KM-01-KT04: Guiding Health and Safety (20%)

KM-01-KT05: Tourist guiding activity (20%)

KM-01-KT06: Presentation for the guiding environment (15%)

1.2 Guidelines for Topics

1.2.1. KM-01-KT01: The Tourism Industry

Topic elements to be covered include:

KT0101 Historical development of the tourism industry

KT0102 Impact of the tourism industry

KT0103 Trends within the tourism industry

KT0104 Roles or functions and responsibilities of role-players in the tourism industry

KT0105 Interdependence and interaction of role-players in the tourism industry

KT0106 International and national legislative requirements as they apply to the tourist

guide

KT0107 Contractual and legal requirements relevant to the operation of a guiding

activity

Internal Assessment Criteria and Weight

IAC0101 Explain the historic development of the global and local tourism industry

including growth and tourism trends

4

IAC0102 Explain the impact of tourism on the economy, society and environment

IAC0101 Tabulate and discuss the members who make-up the tourism industry

relative to their roles, responsibilities and expectations

IAC0102 Identify the members of the tour team whilst providing guiding services

IAC0103 Represent in a diagram the tourism value chain showing the

interdependence and interaction of the role players.

IAC0104 Describe the role of the tourist guide in the tourism value chain

IAC0105 Select the applicable laws and regulations and briefly describe how they

impact or govern the work of a tourist guide including South African and International

Laws

IAC0106 Define the contractual and legal requirements relevant to the operation of a

guiding activity

IAC0107 Describe the processes to operate legally as a tourist guide

(Weight 10%)

1.2.2 KM-01-KT02: Client care for guides


KT0201 Client service

KT0202 Quality service

KT0203 Culture and nationality

KT0204 Tourist types

KT0205 Client’s basic needs

KT0206 Communication process

KT0207 Categories/types of communication

KT0208 Factors influencing communication (including com barriers)

KT0209 Cross-cultural communication

KT0210 Communication tools

KT0211 Conflict resolutions

KT0212 Complaint handling procedures

5


IAC0201 Explain client service in the tourism industry

IAC0202 Explain the advantages of quality client service on an organisation and the

tourism industry in South Africa

IAC0203 Explain the consequences of poor client service on an organisation and the


IAC0204 Explain how a tourist guide can enhance the quality of client services prior,

during and after a guiding activity

IAC0205 Explain the terms ‘culture’, ‘subculture’, ‘nationality’ and ‘traditions’ with

appropriate examples and the relevance of this background knowledge of the client

to the guide in the planning and provision of a guiding activity.

IAC0206 Explain the importance of knowing a client’s profile in order to provide

appropriate level of services for the guiding activity

IAC0207 Explain elements that will influence behaviour and culture during the

guiding activity

IAC0208 Identify the different types of tourists visiting South Africa/joining a guiding

activity

IAC0209 Explain tourist’s reasons for joining an organised tour as opposed to

traveling on their own

IAC0210 Explain how the guide can meet the main needs of clients during the

guiding activity

IAC0211 Describe special needs and limitations of clients and explain how these can

be accommodated during the guiding activity

IAC0212 Describe a variety of interests that client’s might express before and during

the guiding activity and the response of the guide to address this interest

IAC0213 Explain basic expectations of clients during the guiding activity

IAC0214 Explain communication as a two-way process and the importance of each

element in the communication process.

IAC0215 Distinguish with examples between the various types of communication and

indicate when each type is generally used prior, during and after the guiding activity

6

IAC0216 Explain the importance of effective communication in the tourism industry

and the implications to the guide, company and client if the process is not completed

IAC0217 Explain with examples non-verbal communication used during commentary

in the guiding activity, identify distracting habits and explain how to overcome these

IAC0218 Explain with examples the internal and external barriers to communication

in the tourism industry, the negative impact on communication and possible solutions

to overcome these barriers

IAC0219 Identify and explain effective listening skills used in the tourism industry

IAC0220 Explain how you can elicit information through the use of effective

questioning techniques prior, during and after the guiding activity

IAC0221 Describe factors that could hamper communication between different

cultures and provide examples on how the situation could be improved within the

tourism industry

IAC0222 Identify and explain actions to be taken to develop and improve multi-

cultural communication skills with clients, colleagues and service providers within the

tourism industry

IAC0223 Distinguish between different types of written reports used in the tourism

industry by guides, indicate what information will be contained in each and explain

the differences in format that apply

IAC0224 Identify and explain technology commonly used by guides for

communication and their appropriate use

IAC0225 Identify and explain possible sources of conflict during the guiding activity

IAC0226 Explain how to resolve conflict during the guiding activity

IAC0227 Explain how to deal with complaints during the guiding activity

(Weight 15%)

1.2.3 KM-01-KT03: Ethical and Professional conduct


KT0301 Ethical conduct and professional behaviour

KT0302 Different approaches to ethical conduct and professional behaviour

7

KT0303 Code of conduct and ethics for guides

KT0304 Principles for professional behaviour

KT0305 Personal hygiene and appearance of the Guide

KT0306 Work attendance (Reporting for work)

KT0307 Ethical/professional dilemmas in the guiding environment

KT0308 Strategies for improving ethical and professional behaviour in the guiding

environment


IAC0301 Define and explain moral, ethical and professional conduct, and ethical

dilemmas

IAC0302 Explain what ‘work ethics’ means and the factors that influence ethical

behaviour in the guiding environment

IAC0303 Tabulate the differences/similarities between Western, African and Eastern

approaches to work and business

IAC0304 Explain the meaning and purpose of a ‘Code of practice’ and ‘Code of

ethics’ related to the guiding environment

IAC0305 Explain professional behaviour in the guiding environment

IAC0306 Explain the requirements for the personal appearance and hygiene of the

guide, and the importance of compliance in order to maintain professionalism in the

guiding environment

IAC0307 Explain the importance and the principles for maintaining personal

boundaries in the guiding environment

IAC0308 Explain how to establish and maintain professional relationship with team

members in the guiding environment

IAC0309 Explain the Tourist guide code of conduct and ethics in terms of their

purpose and expected outcome

IAC0310 Evaluate the ‘Code of Conduct and ethics for guides’ against internationally

accepted principles for codes of ethics

8

IAC0311 Explain the different challenges that a guide may face with regards to

reporting for duty and an appropriate response to each situation

IAC0312 Explain the principles with examples for deciding whether to commence or

continue with a guiding activity as the guide due to a medical condition and the

importance for guides to maintain healthy habits

IAC0313 Identify practical issues/situations that may potentially cause conflict

between organisational code of conduct, professional/ethical standard and personal

behaviour framework, and appropriate responses

IAC0314 Describe the ethics relating to gratuities and commission within the guiding

environment

IAC0315 Discuss potential consequences of unethical and unprofessional conduct in

the guiding environment and ways in which these should be handled

IAC0316 Write a professional behaviour framework that addresses the individual’s

beliefs, concepts, and attitudes regarding the guiding profession.

(Weight 20%)

1.2.4 KM-01-KT04: Guiding Health and Safety


KT0401 Prevention of incidents and accidents

KT0402 Implementation of safety and emergency policies

KT0403 Equipment checks and maintenance

KT0404 Weather conditions and client protection

KT0405 Safety of guiding environment

KT0406 Response to emergency incidents

KT0407 Manage people’s reactions to emergency incidents

KT0408 Emergency incident reporting

KT0409 The necessity for First Aid skills applicable to the specific guiding

environment

KT0410 The law and the provision of First Aid


IAC0401 Define near miss (close call), incident, accident, emergency and disaster

9

IAC0402 Explain how incidents/accidents happen in the guiding environment and

factors that lead to them including environmental hazards, equipment hazards, and

human hazards/error

IAC0403 Explain how to reduce risks and prevent incidents/accidents in the guiding

environment

IAC0404 Explain an emergency plan (including evacuation procedures) to address

natural and unnatural emergencies in the guiding environment

IAC0405 Explain the safety and emergency policy and implementation requirements

of the guiding environment.

IAC0406 Explain what daily equipment checks appropriate to the activity need to be

carried out to ensure maintenance and resulting safety for participants

IAC0407 Describe why checks need to be carried out to determine the local weather

and road conditions in the area of intended guiding activity, including; road closures

due to weather, erosion, flooding, effects on viewing opportunities and possible

negative consequences

IAC0408 Tabulate the appropriate clothing to be worn within the guiding environment

as per activity and or seasonal change.

IAC0409 Explain why it is important to check the safety aspects of the guiding

environment, including safety checks for participants with special needs

IAC0410 Explain possible outcomes of unhealthy practices, including inappropriate

spitting, sneezing, nose blowing, scratching, smoking, infrequent bathing, hand

washing and lack of a clean working environment.

IAC0411 Explain the awareness of and how medical conditions, illnesses and

infections should be dealt with appropriately in the guiding environment

IAC0412 Explain the possible cause of errors when managing an emergency

incident, including poor situational awareness, incorrect choice, technically unskilled

response and/or communication errors.

IAC0413 Describe how to manage emergency situations, including the four phases in

emergency management, assessing the situation, developing a response plan, time

frame, taking control, patient comfort, first aid, responsibility and care of other

participants

IAC0414 Explain how to carry out an emergency evacuation, including assistance,

communication, reasoning for and consequences of decision

IAC0415 Explain why an emergency incident should be analysed, including closure,

emotional support, precipitating events, adequate preparation and action response.

10

IAC0416 Explain the reaction of individuals affected by an emergency incident and

how to deal with it, including emotions, stress response, negative reactions and how

to manage the situation.

IAC0417 Describe how to complete an incident report, including aspects to avoid

IAC0418 Explain the necessity of maintaining First Aid skills through undergoing

frequent training.

IAC0419 Explain relevant legislation for applying First Aid, including emergency

protocols, accurate documentation, “Good Samaritan” law and “Reasonable Person”

principle, asking for consent, liability, confidentiality and abandonment.

(Weight 20%)

1.2.5 KM-01-KT05: Tourist guiding activity


KT0501 Factors to be considered in the planning of a tourist guiding activity

KT0502 Activity plan

KT0503 Risk assessment for a site/activity

KT0504 Legal framework for an activity

KT0505 Logistical requirements

KT0506 Briefing of participants

KT0507 Pre-activity preparation of participants

KT0508 Leadership and relevant management skills

KT0509 Aspects of group and team dynamics

KT0510 Motivation and Support

KT0511 The monitoring of external factors and preventative measures

KT0512 Principles of concluding a guided activity


IAC0501 Outline the principles for planning and conducting a tourist guiding activity

IAC0502 Explain how to draw up an activity plan taking into consideration client’s

needs, interest and expectations and how to evaluate the suitability of the route

11

IAC0503 Identify possible external influences / hazards applicable to a guided activity

and explain how to minimise negative impact and risk of the above on the activity

IAC0504 Identify and explain the boundaries within which the respective guiding

activities may take place and the response required by the guide to the legal

requirements according to the operational requirements

IAC0505 Describe logistical requirements for a guided activity

IAC0506 Explain the importance of a pre-activity briefing and preparation of the

participants

IAC0507 Explain the information to be provided at the beginning of a guiding activity

and how the participants will be prepared for it

IAC0508 Describe the leadership style and skills required by the guide in various

situations during the guiding activity

IAC0509 Explain the various aspects of group and team dynamics and how the guide

can effectively use it during a tourist guiding activity

IAC0510 Explain various aspects of how the guide can motivate and support the

group

IAC0511 Explain the influence that external factors might have on the guided activity

and the guide’s response to minimise the impact and ensuring the safety/welfare of

the participants

IAC0512 Explain how to end the activity as applicable to the type / category of

activity

IAC0513 Explain how to review the level of achievement by the participants in terms

of the success and enjoyment and identify areas of improvement of the experience /

guide performance

IAC0514 Explain the post-activity procedures pertaining to equipment / facilities

according to organisational procedures / guiding category

IAC0515 Explain the feedback to be provided about the activity to the relevant

stakeholders according to the organisational procedures

(Weight 20%)

1.2.6 KM-01-KT06: Presentation for the guiding environment

12


KT0601 Principles for public speaking

KT0602 Voice care

KT0603 Principles for enhancing the guiding presentation

KT0604 Variety of delivery forms

KT0605 Support for presentations

KT0606 Evaluation for future improvement

KT0607 Context for interpretation

KT0608 Objective and respectful interpretation

KT0609 Multi-cultural perspectives and sensitivities


IAC0601 Describe the signs of nervousness prior and during public speaking and

suggest ways of overcoming fear of public speaking

IAC0602 Explain how to build self-confidence for public speaking and making a good

first impression

IAC0603 Explain the importance and techniques of vocal projection while

communicating

IAC0604 Explain common problems associated with clarity of speech during

presentations and how to rectify them

IAC0605 Explain how to take care of the voice and prepare it for a presentation

(warm up)

IAC0606 Discuss the importance of applying various vocal techniques in the delivery

of a presentation

IAC0607 Explain the difference between interpretation and providing information

during the guiding activity

IAC0608 Explain the key elements for successful interpretation during the guiding

activity

13

IAC0609 Explain the principles to enhance the guiding experience for clients with

impairments and special needs during the guiding activity

IAC0610 Explain principles to follow when presenting to a large group during the

guiding presentation

IAC0611 Explain the preparation and presentation criteria for formal commentary

during the guiding presentation

IAC0612 Explain how presentation equipment should be used effectively and

responsibly in support of a guiding presentation

IAC0613 Identify supporting material to enhance the guiding presentation

IAC0614 Explain the different sources and types of stories that can be introduced to

enhance a guiding presentation

IAC0615 Explain the principles for good story-telling and the benefits for using it


IAC0616 Explain what informal/incidental commentary entails during the guiding

presentation and how to prepare for it

IAC0617 Explain the importance of accessing and providing current information and

resources for the guiding presentation

IAC0618 Explain how to assess the value and impact of a guiding presentation from

the perspective of the audience in order to improve future service delivery in a similar

guided activity

IAC0619 Explain quoting out of context and the importance of using the correct

context with sufficient background information during the guiding presentation

IAC0620 Distinguish between the use of facts and wrong information, opinions,

assumptions, viewpoints, distortions, exaggerations and misconceptions in the


IAC0621 Explain what can lead to a biased interpretation

IAC0622 Explain with appropriate examples possible reasons why individuals from

different cultural backgrounds and nationalities might relate/respond differently to

sites/areas/historical accounts

(Weight 15%)

14

1.3 Provider Accreditation Requirements for the Knowledge Module

Physical Requirements:

Classroom equipment (chairs and tables and all other equipment conducive to a learning

environment)

Handouts and stationery

Human Resource Requirements:

Facilitator/learner ratio 1 to 30

Relevant qualifications/experience

Legal Requirements:

Compliance to all required relevant Regulations and legislation

1.4 Critical Topics to be Assessed Externally for the Knowledge Module

IAC0104 Describe the role of the tourist guide in the tourism value chain

IAC0105 Select the applicable laws and regulations and briefly describe how they

impact or govern the work of a tourist guide including South African and International

Laws

IAC0106 Define the contractual and legal requirements relevant to the operation of a

guiding activity

IAC0107 Describe the processes to operate legally as a tourist guide

IAC0202 Explain the advantages of quality client service on an organisation and the


IAC0203 Explain the consequences of poor client service on an organisation and the


IAC0204 Explain how a tourist guide can enhance the quality of client services prior,

during and after a guiding activity

IAC0206 Explain the importance of knowing a client’s profile in order to provide

appropriate level of services for the guiding activity

IAC0208 Identify the different types of tourists visiting South Africa/joining a guiding

activity

IAC0210 Explain how the guide can meet the main needs of clients during the

guiding activity

15

IAC0211 Describe special needs and limitations of clients and explain how these can

be accommodated during the guiding activity

IAC0213 Explain basic expectations of clients during the guiding activity

IAC0214 Explain communication as a two-way process and the importance of each

element in the communication process.

IAC0215 Distinguish with examples between the various types of communication and

indicate when each type is generally used prior, during and after the guiding activity

IAC0216 Explain the importance of effective communication in the tourism industry

and the implications to the guide, company and client if the process is not completed

IAC0217 Explain with examples non-verbal communication used during commentary

in the guiding activity, identify distracting habits and explain how to overcome these

IAC0218 Explain with examples the internal and external barriers to communication

in the tourism industry, the negative impact on communication and possible solutions

to overcome these barriers

IAC0219 Identify and explain effective listening skills used in the tourism industry

IAC0220 Explain how you can elicit information through the use of effective

questioning techniques prior, during and after the guiding activity

IAC0221 Describe factors that could hamper communication between different

cultures and provide examples on how the situation could be improved within the

tourism industry

IAC0222 Identify and explain actions to be taken to develop and improve multi-

cultural communication skills with clients, colleagues and service providers within the

tourism industry

IAC0225 Identify and explain possible sources of conflict during the guiding activity

IAC0226 Explain how you would resolve conflict during the guiding activity

IAC0227 Explain how you would deal with complaints during the guiding activity

IAC0301 Define and explain moral, ethical and professional conduct, and ethical

dilemmas

IAC0304 Explain the meaning and purpose of a ‘Code of practice’ and ‘Code of

ethics’ related to the guiding environment

16

IAC0305 Explain professional behaviour in the guiding environment

IAC0312 Explain the principles with examples for deciding whether to commence or

continue with a guiding activity due to a medical condition and the importance for

guides to maintain healthy habits

IAC0313 Identify practical issues/situations that may potentially cause conflict

between organisational code of conduct, professional/ethical standard and personal

behaviour framework, and appropriate responses

IAC0401 Define an emergency incident, including; type of incident, timing of the

incident, loss due to the incident, emotion, chaos, inadequate skills, error and risk

multiplication.

IAC0403 Describe how to balance danger factors and safety factors, including;

equipment safety, people safety and safety protocols.

IAC0404 Explain how to prevent accidents during a guided experience, including,

accident potential management, taking responsibility, analyse risks, eliminating

dangers and situational awareness, faulty or misused property or equipment,

including the solutions and remedies and any medical emergencies.

IAC0407 Explain what daily equipment checks appropriate to the activity need to be

carried out to ensure maintenance and resulting safety for participants

IAC0408 Describe why checks need to be carried out to determine the local weather

and road conditions in the area of intended guiding activity, including; road closures

due to weather, erosion, flooding, effects on viewing opportunities and possible

negative consequences

IAC0410 Explain why it is important to check the safety aspects of the guiding

environment, including safety checks for participants with special needs

IAC0416 Describe how to manage emergency situations, including assessing the

situation, developing a response plan, taking control, patient comfort, first aid,

responsibility and care of other participants.

IAC0420 Describe how to complete an incident report, including aspects to avoid

IAC0503 Identify possible external influences / hazards applicable to a guided activity

and explain how to minimise negative impact and risk of the above on the activity

17

IAC0504 Identify and explain the boundaries within which the respective guiding

activities may take place and the response required by the guide to the legal

requirements according to the operational requirements

IAC0505 Describe logistical requirements for a guided activity

IAC0506 Explain the importance of a pre-activity briefing and preparation of the

participants

IAC0507 Explain the information to be provided at the beginning of a guiding activity

and how the participants will be prepared for it

IAC0508 Describe the leadership style and skills required by the guide in various

situations during the guiding activity

IAC0509 Explain the various aspects of group and team dynamics and how the guide

can effectively use it during a tourist guiding activity

IAC0510 Explain various aspects of how the guide can motivate and support the

group

IAC0511 Explain the influence that external factors might have on the guided activity

and the guide’s response to minimise the impact and ensuring the safety/welfare of

the participants

IAC0514 Explain the post-activity procedures pertaining to equipment / facilities

according to organisational procedures / guiding category

IAC0602 Explain how to build self-confidence for public speaking and making a good

first impression

IAC0603 Explain the importance and techniques of vocal projection while

communicating

IAC0604 Explain common problems associated with clarity of speech during

presentations and how to rectify them

IAC0606 Discuss the importance of applying various vocal techniques in the delivery

of a presentation

IAC0608 Explain the key elements for successful interpretation during the guiding

activity

IAC0609 Explain the principles to enhance the guiding experience for clients with

impairments and special needs

18

IAC0615 Explain the principles for good story-telling and the benefits for using it


IAC0616 Explain what informal/incidental commentary entails during the guiding

presentation and how to prepare for it

IAC0620 Distinguish between the use of facts and wrong information, opinions,

assumptions, viewpoints, distortions, exaggerations and misconceptions in the


IAC0622 Explain with appropriate examples possible reasons why individuals from

different cultural backgrounds and nationalities might relate/respond differently to

sites/areas/historical accounts

1.5 Exemptions

None

2. 511302002-KM-02, Basic principles for starting a business, NQF level 4, Cr 5


The main purpose of this Knowledge Module is to guide the learner to the basic principles of

creating their own Business in the Tourism Industry according to the Tourist Guide Criteria

and guideline document


KM-02-KT01: The basic starting points of a business (40%)

KM-02-KT02: Basic principle of conducting a business and develop market segments

(30 %)

KM-02-KT03: Business sustainability (30 %)


2.2.1. KM-02-KT01: The basic starting points of a business (40%)


KT0101 Key elements of a professional business.

19

KT0102 Legal and legislative requirements for businesses


IAC0101Explain how a Tourist Guide will implement the professional principles when

starting a business including products, services, area of operation, responsibilities,

standards and other specialities

IAC0102 List and define the legal and legislative aspects that need to be in place for

a particular business (Company registration (CIPC), SARS requirements, Company

structure, Insurances, Qualifications and registration with the relevant authorities and

National requirements)

2.2.2. KM-02-KT02: Basic principle of developing a business and market segments (30%)


KT0201 Vision, mission, values and objectives of a Business.

KT0202 Market Segmentation

KT0203 Marketing strategies and competitive edge


IAC0201Explain the meaning of the following terms “Mission, Vision, Values and

strategies” and illustrate knowledge and understanding by developing a mission,

vision, values and strategies relating to a business

IAC0202 Explain the purpose of identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities

and Threats (SWOT) analysis and illustrate knowledge and understanding by

developing a SWOT analysis relating to a business.

IAC0203 Explain how the outcome of the SWOT analysis will enable the Tourist

Guide to identify competitors, market segment and market niche

IAC0204 List and describe the methods a Tourist Guide will use to market a business

referring to marketing concepts including advertising, market awareness, brand

development, communication and social media

20

IAC0205 Describe how a Tourist Guide will approach service providers to market

services as a Freelance guide with reference to qualifications, services, product,

experience and vision

2.2.3. KM-02-KT03: Business sustainability (30%)


KT0301 Elements of a Business plan

KT0302 Essential resources

KT0304 Principles of financial planning in your business


IAC0301 Explain the basic elements of a business plan and its importance

IAC0302 List and discuss the essential resources needed to develop a business

including office set up, transport, equipment for activity, trips and tours

IAC0303 Explain and discuss the basic financial and accounting principles including

Cash Flow, Budget planning, forecast calculations, invoicing and statements



Classroom equipment (chairs and tables and all other equipment conducive to a

learning environment)





Legal Requirements:



21

IAC0102 List and define the legal and legislative aspects that need to be in place for

a particular business (Company registration (CIPC), SARS requirements, Company

structure, Insurances, Qualifications and registration with the relevant authorities and

National requirements)

IAC0201Explain the meaning of the following terms “Mission, Vision, Values and

strategies” and illustrate knowledge and understanding by developing a mission,

vision, values and strategies relating to a business

IAC0202 Explain the purpose of identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities

and Threats (SWOT) analysis and illustrate knowledge and understanding by

developing a SWOT analysis relating to a business.

IAC0204 List and describe the methods a Tourist Guide will use to market a business

referring to marketing concepts including advertising, market awareness, brand

development, communication and social media

IAC0301 Explain the basic elements of a business plan and its importance

IAC0302 List and discuss the essential resources needed to develop a business

including office set up, transport, equipment for activity, trips and tours

2.5 Exemptions

None

1. 511302002-KM-03, South Africa, NQF level 4, Cr 8


The main focus of the learning in this knowledge module is to ensure that the learner

has a general/broad and sound knowledge of South Africa to enable the provision of

essential information about South Africa to visitors/clients; ability to talk about a wide

range of general topics; point out unique features (claims to fame); explain relevant

aspects in more detail and to discuss issues of national importance.


KM-03-KT01: The land and climate (30%)

KM-03-KT02: Overview of South African history (20%)

KM-03-KT03: Cultural and natural heritage (30%)

22

KM-03-KT04: Aspects of Governance (10%)

KM-03-KT05: Infrastructure and economy (10%)


3.2.1 KM-03-KT01: The Land and Climate (30%)


KT0101 South African geological features

KT0102 Geography of Southern Africa

KT0103 Southern Africa climate

KT0103 Threats to the Southern African environment


IAC0101 Explain briefly the major, formations and significance of South African

geology

IAC0102 Describe the geographical features of South Africa, indicate relevant

aspects on a map and draw comparisons where applicable.

IAC0103 Describe the climate of South Africa and explain phenomena of weather

patterns.

IAC0104 Explain briefly the occurrence of natural hazards and environmental issues

in South Africa.

3.2.2 KM-03-KT02: Overview of South African history (20%)


KT0201 History timeline

KT0202 Political environment

KT0203 Major current and historic figures


IAC0201 Outline the main events in each of the ‘Big 5’ Periods of South Africa’s

history including the origin of humans, long period of immigration, upheaval and

displacement, great S A wars and unification and the apartheid and post- apartheid.

23

IAC0202 Discuss briefly, the origin, leadership and influence of the major political

parties in SA in an unbiased manner including the current status quo.

IAC0203 Outline the life and times of the prominent national figures and discuss their

contributions to South Africa.

3.2.3 KM-03-KT03: Cultural and natural heritage (30%)


KT0301 Symbols of national pride

KT0302 Major attractions in South Africa

KT0303 Diversity in Culture

KT0304 Diversity in nature


IAC0301 Describe the origin and key elements of the South African national symbols.

IAC0302 Use acceptable terminology to describe sites and attractions including the

major natural cultural and adventure attractions/sites in South Africa.

IAC0303 Explain the diversity in South African culture including demographics,

languages, religion/practices; food, arts & crafts; architecture and other traditions of

the different cultural groups.

IAC0304 Explain the diversity in nature by discussing the different biomes including

rough distribution of species across the country, the flagship species.

3.2.4. KM-03-KT04: Aspects of Governance (10%)


KT0401 The government and systems

KT0402 South Africa ‘s international relations


IAC0401 Explain aspects of national, provincial and local government, as well as

traditional leadership

IAC0402 Describe the legal, educational, constitutional health and welfare systems

as well as socio-economic issues

24

3.2.5 KM-03-KT05: Infrastructure and economy (10%)


KT0501 Transportation system

KT0502 Financial institutions

KT0503 Trading partners

KT0504 Industries

KT0506 Economic issues


IAC0501 Discuss the transport system and infrastructure in South Africa.

IAC0502 Discuss major institutions/organisations and their role/function in the

economy.

IAC0503 Discuss the major trading partners and goods traded.

IAC0504 Discuss the major industries driving the South African economy

IAC0505 Identify major constraints related to the South African industries

IAC0506 Discuss aspects of the national and global economy, including but not

limited to tax, productivity and the equitable distribution of resources.

(Weight 40%)









Legal Requirements:



IAC0102 Describe the geographical features of South Africa, indicate relevant

aspects on a map and draw comparisons where applicable.

25

IAC0103 Describe the climate of South Africa and explain phenomena of weather

patterns.

IAC0104 Explain briefly the occurrence of natural hazards and environmental issues

in South Africa

IAC0301 Describe the origin and key elements of the South African national symbols.

IAC0401 Explain aspects of national, provincial and local government, as well as

traditional leadership

IAC0501 Discuss the transport system and infrastructure in South Africa.

IAC0504 Discuss the major industries driving the South African economy

3.5 Exemptions

None

26

2. 511302002-KM-04, Designing a Tour/Activity, NQF Level 4, Cr 5



opportunity to build a sound theoretical understanding of the multiple components that

influence the design of a tour/activity. Learners will understand the difference between

guiding a designed tour/activity and designing a tour/activity.


KM-04-KT01: Factors influencing the design of itineraries. (40 %)

KM-04-KT02: Matching the needs of the clients to the available attractions/activities

and seasons. (60 %)

4.2. Guidelines for Topics

4.2.1 KM-04-KT01: Factors influencing the design of itineraries (40%)


KT0101. Determining factors for designing and calculating costing of an itinerary

KT0102 Information collection relating to the available activities/attractions and other

facilities

KT0103 Data/information collection from/about the guests that will influence the

planning of a tour/activity

KT0104 General practices relating to porterage, gratuities, meals and

accommodation and commissions.


IAC0101 List the factors that will determine the design of an itinerary and explain why

these determine the itinerary design.

IAC0102 List the available activities/attractions in the area and match them to tourist

types.

27

IAC0103 List and discuss the factors that will determine the costing of a tour/activity

IAC0104 Compare different service provider’s policies and procedures regarding trip

expenses and gratuities and the effect on the costing of the tour.

IAC0105 Explain the importance of calculating the cost of kilometres to be driven,

unexpected traveling problems (contingencies), meals and accommodation of

employees.

IAOC0106 Explain, with examples, the meaning of the following, “bulk” discounts,

standard tour operator (STO) rate, rack rates, fixed cost, variable costs, profit, per

person cost, total tour cost inclusive rate, exclusive rate, and where and when they

are applicable

IAC0107 Draw up a costing/budget sheet for the planned itinerary.

4.2.2. KM-04-KT02: Matching the needs of the clients to the available

attractions/activities and seasons (60%)


KT0201 Data collection about the needs of the clients

KT0202 Designing a provisional itinerary

KT0203 Determining the suitability of activities, accommodation establishments and

eateries.

KT0204 Final itinerary


IAC0201 Compile a checklist to obtain information from clients in the design of an

itinerary

IAC0202 List special needs that clients might have and match to available service

providers for the design of an itinerary

IAC0203Draw up a provisional itinerary that will suit specific tourist types and needs

IAC0204 Discuss the importance of sending a provisional itinerary to clients

IAC0205 Explain the importance of keeping up to date with available attractions,

activities and hospitality establishments.

IAC0206 Explain the essential components that a final itinerary should contain

28

IAC0207 Explain what expenses have to be paid by whom and when as per the

itinerary

IAC0208 Explain the difference between a fully inclusive, an inclusive, independent

and semi-independent tour package

IAC0209 Explain factors that would affect the implementation of the planned itinerary

IAC0210 Design the final itinerary for a full day tour









Legal Requirements:



IAC0101 List the factors that will determine the design of an itinerary and explain why

these determine the itinerary design.

IAC0103 List and discuss the factors that will determine the costing of a tour/activity

IAC0209 Explain factors that would affect the implementation of the planned itinerary

IAC0210 Design the final itinerary for a full day tour

4.5 Exemptions

None

29

3. 511302002-KM05: Advanced outdoor health and safety NQF 4, 5 credits

5.1. Purpose of the Knowledge Module

The main focus of the learning in this knowledge module is build an understanding of the

basic health and safety knowledge needed to plan, prepare conduct and conclude an

outdoor activity, and the basic responsibilities of an outdoor tourist guide and how to deal

with emergency situations should they arise.


KM-05-KT01: Hazards management (35%)

KM-05-KT02: Incident management (25%)

KM-05-KT03: Weather and climate (20%)

KM-05-KT04: Handling emergency situations (20%)


5.2.1. KM-05-KT01: Hazards management (35%)


KT0101 Accident potential

KT0102 Risk assessment

KT0103 Pre-activity inspection

KT0104 Continuous monitoring of possible risks


IAC0101 Explain the difference between a hazard, risk and accident

IAC0102 Explain different types of hazards with examples of each: Human

hazards, Environmental hazards, Equipment hazards and Natural hazards

IAC0103 Explain how the interaction between hazards form Accident potential

IAC0104 Explain the basics of a hazard management plan and how a risk

assessment forms an integral part of this hazard management plan

30

IAC0105 Explain the terms risk assessment and risk mitigation

IAC0106 Explain what information is needed to complete a risk assessment and

how you will mitigate and manage the risks

IAC0107 Explain how and why your mitigation will lead to include escape plans,

escape routes, emergency services and standard operating procedures

IAC0108 Explain the importance of having pre-trip (during planning) risk

assessments and pre activity risk assessments and why it is essential to do both to

contribute to a safe outdoor experience.

IAC0109 Explain the importance of on-going risk assessments during the

activity, and which factors can contribute in a change of action/program.

5.2.2. KM-05-KT02: Incident management (25%)


KT0201 Improvised search and rescue

KT0202 Emergency communication

KT0203 Management of the incident

KT0204 Evacuation procedures


IAC0101 Explain the procedures to follow when a person is missing/not

accounted for

IAC0102 Explain different communication methods that can be used in a missing

person scenario

IAC0103 Explain basic procedures of searching for a missing person or group

IAC0104 Explain different search methods and search patterns and discuss the

factors that will influence the decision (hasty search, general search, spiral search,

grid search, line search)

IAC0105 Explain the basic response to an injured or ill member of the group

IAC0106 Explain different ways of communication with and without technology

that can be used during an emergency situation.

31

IAC0107 Explain the phonic alphabet, also called International spelling

alphabet, and name al the letters

IAC0108 Explain basic helicopter hand signal communication and demonstrate

each signal

IAC0109 Explain with the aid of a picture and motivation the safe way of how a

person should approach a helicopter

IAC01010 Explain the procedure to manage an incident

IAC01011 Explain evacuation procedures suitable to the environment

5.2.3. KM-05-KT03: Weather and climate (20%)


KT0301 Basic weather conditions

KT0302 Personal protective equipment (PPE) for adverse weather conditions

KT0304 Contingency plans


IAC0101 Explain weather conditions that will contribute to major change of

plans/programs during the activity

IAC0102Explain different sources that can be used to obtain weather predictions

IAC0103 Explain how knowledge of cloud and weather systems can assist in

micro weather prediction during the activity

IAC0104 Explain how to determine through simple calculation how far away a

thunder storm is

IAC0105 Explain how to manage a group during severe weather conditions e.g.

flooding, thunderstorms, hail storms, snow storms, mist.

IAC0106 Explain the basic personal protective clothing and gear that can be

used for different weather conditions.

IAC0107 Explain contingency plans when extreme weather effect an adventure

activity and how a standard operating procedure can assist in these conditions

32

5.2.4. KM-05-KT04: Handling emergency situations (20%)


KT0401 Scale of incidents

KT0402 Emergency handling procedures

KT0403 Emergency reporting procedures


IAC0101 Explain the five different levels on the scale of incidents/accidents:

Negligible, Minor, Moderate, High, Very High

IAC0102Explain how to deal with every level of incident in your field of operation

IAC0103 Discuss who, when, why and how to report incidents and what effects

it can have not adhering to such standards.



Classroom equipment (chairs and tables and all other equipment conducive to a learning environment)


Necessary and/or essential equipment

Access to an environment conducive to the adventure activity experience Human Resource Requirements:


Facilitator must have a minimum of 3 years facilitation experience or a relevant qualification as a facilitator

Assessor must be qualified and registered with the relevant Assessment Quality Partner (AQP)

Relevant qualifications and/or a minimum of 3 years active subject matter experience Legal Requirements:

Compliance to all required relevant regulations and legislation


IAC0102 Explain different types of hazards with examples of each: Human

hazards, Environmental hazards, Equipment hazards and Natural hazards

33

IAC0104 Explain the basics of a hazard management plan and how a risk

assessment forms an integral part of this hazard management plan

IAC0105 Explain the terms risk assessment and risk mitigation

IAC0106 Explain what information is needed to complete a risk assessment and

how you will mitigate and manage the risks

IAC0107 Explain how and why your mitigation will lead to include escape plans,

escape routes, emergency services and standard operating procedures

IAC0108 Explain the importance of having pre-trip (during planning) risk

assessments and pre activity risk assessments and why it is essential to do both to

contribute to a safe outdoor experience.

IAC0109 Explain the importance of on-going risk assessments during the

activity, and which factors can contribute in a change of action/program.

IAC0101 Explain the procedures to follow when a person is missing/not

accounted for

IAC0103 Explain basic procedures of searching for a missing person or group

IAC0104 Explain different search methods and search patterns and discuss the

factors that will influence the decision (hasty search, general search, spiral search,

grid search, line search)

IAC0108 Explain basic helicopter hand signal communication and demonstrate

each signal

IAC0109 Explain with the aid of a picture and motivation the safe way of how a

person should approach a helicopter

IAC0101 Explain weather conditions that will contribute to major change of

plans/programs during the activity

IAC0105 Explain how to manage a group during severe weather conditions e.g.

flooding, thunderstorms, hail storms, snow storms, mist.

IAC0107 Explain contingency plans when extreme weather effect an adventure

activity and how a standard operating procedure can assist in these conditions

IAC0101 Explain the five different levels on the scale of incidents/accidents:

Negligible, Minor, Moderate, High, Very High

34

IAC0103 Discuss who, when, why and how to report incidents and what effects

it can have not adhering to such standards.

5.5 Exemptions

None

35

6. 511302002-KM-06: Principles of Professional execution and control, NQF level, xxx credits


The main purpose of this Knowledge Module is to equip the learner with a professional level

of service in the execution of your role as a Tourist Guide and the control you need to show.


KM-06-KT01: The basic understanding of professional execution and control.

KM-06-KT02: Basic principle in delivering control of a group of tourist.

KM-03-KT03: Basic level of your briefing of the Pre Tour and how you will conduct

your address.


6.2.1. KM-06-KT01: The basic understanding of professional execution and control.


KT0101 The principle of a professional execution and control.


IAC0101 Explain the principle of a professional execution and control

6.2.2. KM-06-KT02: Basic principle in delivering control of a group of tourist.


KT0201 The conduct and control of Tourist while on trip/tour/excursion.

KT0202 The Guides value set and philosophy


IAC0101 Explain the conduct and control of a Tourist on trip/ tour/ excursion

IAC0102 Explain guides values set and philosophy

6.2.3. KM-06-KT03: Basic level of your briefing of the Pre Tour and how you will

conduct your address.

36


KT0301 How to compile your pre trip briefing

KT0302 The elements /topics that needs to be discussed and pointed out to the

Tourist when embarking on an activity/trip/tour.

KT0303 How to deliver this briefing.


IAC 0101 Explain how you as a Tourist Guide will implement the professional

principles when guiding, referring to your appearance, your language, and tonation,

ethical behaviour, political correctness, respect for fairness, fairness in truth, general

behaviour, including compassion, non-judgement, prejudice, general courtesy,

addressing of Tourist.

IAC 0201 Demonstrate your ability to control a group of Tourist in a potential

difficult situation their role play in a classroom environment. Refer to how you will

execute the form of control that is professional without: you become personal,

aggressive, degrading, racist, condescending and diminutive.

o To make sure you address a problem in privacy

o How to call a meeting to address the conflict, the problem, the issue

o How you will offer a solution to the problem issue

o How you will rebuild control in order to secure the successful continuations of

the trip/ tour/execution.

IAC 0202 Demonstrate your own set of values and philosophy of principles in

order to be in control of your trip/tour by referring to your philosophy of life, norms

and values towards people, nature, guiding, heritage, corruptions and ethics.

o Refer to Attitude, Mind-set, Ownership and Leadership. Alternatively refer to

John Maxwell’s 4 H’s; Heart, Head, Hands and Habits.

IAC 0301 Compile the Pre tour briefing according to the Tour Operator’s brief

and outcomes for your trip/tour/excursion.

o Goal, objective and outcomes of what needs to be achieved.

IAC 0302 Describe the basic topics/elements that needs to be discussed and to

inform the Tourist. You need to refer

37

o Safety, Security, Health, Procedures at Gates, buildings, border posts

o Practical arrangements for departure, arrival, luggage and when visiting a

site, destinations and or your accommodation.

o Where to find amenities like banks, Toilets, Taxi’s Bereau de Change.

o Dealing with vendors, how to barter, keeping respect and reason in mind.

o Be cautious of pocket picking, theft, and exposure of valuables, locking of

cars, keeping windows closed, leaving luggage unattended and being

distracted away from your property.

o Openness of Tourist to approach you to discuss problems, issues, accidents,

medical needs and any complains.

IAC 0303 Demonstrate how you will deliver this pre trip briefing to your Tourists

by incorporating the following

o Stand when you address your group

o Having the briefing printed in short bullet points

o Control by voice, assessment, question and answer session

o Show leadership and confidence in order to take control of your group.









Legal Requirements:



None

6.5 Exemptions

None

39

7. 511302002-KM-07: Single pitch abseiling experience less than 60m, NQF L3 Cr 3


The focus of this learning module is to provide the learner with the opportunity to build a

sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided single

pitch abseiling experience less than 60m in height that entertains and informs participants.


KM-07-KT01: The abseiling environment (5%)

KM-07-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for abseiling (5%)

KM-07-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to abseiling experiences (5%)

KM-07-KT04: Constructing fixed and releasable abseils including the construction of

the anchor system (10%)

KM-07-KT05: Preparing the group for the abseil experience (5%)

KM-07-KT06: Conducting the abseil experience (25%)

KM-07-KT07: Leading, organising and managing groups while abseiling (15%)

KM-07-KT08: Prevention, identification and management of common abseiling

emergencies (30%)

7.2 Guidelines for topics

7.2.1 KM-07-KT01: The abseiling environment (5%)

Topic elements to be covered

KT0101 The origins and history of abseiling as an activity

KT0102 Terminology used in abseiling

KT0103 The nature of the abseiling environment

KT0104 Selection of a suitable abseiling site

Internal assessment criteria and weight

IAC0101 Describe what abseiling is and its development and application as a

stand-alone activity

IAC0102 Discuss the origins of abseiling as a sport and also the professional

use of the discipline both in South Africa and abroad.

40

IAC0103 Explain various terminology and communications used when abseiling

IAC0104 Describe the desirable characteristics of a suitable abseiling venue

and list the environmental factors which may impact on its suitability

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the abseiling environment and how to

mitigate them

7.2.2. KM-07-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for abseiling (5%)


KT0201 Software (ropes, harnesses, slings, accessory cord, etc.)

KT0202 Hardware (karabiners, descendeurs, ascenders, belay devices, etc.)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (helmets, edge protectors, gloves, backpacks,

etc.)

KT0204 Anchoring equipment (active, passive, urban, natural, traditional

climbing and bolts)


IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of kernmantle ropes, prussic

loops and accessory cord used for abseiling and describe their performance

characteristics, use, care and inspection.

IAC0202 Discuss different types of harnesses used in adventure abseiling with

respect to their form and function, use, care and inspection.

IAC0203 Discuss the construction, application, limitations, care and inspection

of other load bearing software used for adventure abseiling

IAC0204 Discuss karabiners paying attention to the performance characteristics

of common designs and materials as well as describing their correct use and

inspection

IAC0205 Discuss descenders commonly used for adventure abseiling such as

figure 8’s, rescue figure 8’s and brake bar racks as well as the implications of using

locking vs. non-locking descenders at adventure abseiling sites

IAC0206 Discuss the construction use care and maintenance of various devices

used for belaying in the adventure abseiling context

41

IAC0207 Discuss the use, care and maintenance of equipment used for

anchoring such as ropes, slings, cord, chocks, camming devices, hexes, wedges,

bolts, pitons and man-made features as well as the suitability of certain industrial

anchoring devices such as beam clamps, doorway bars, etc.

IAC0208 Discuss the application, fitting, use, care and maintenance of helmets,

gloves, edge protectors, backpacks, rope bags and other auxiliary equipment

7.2.3 KM-07-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to abseiling experiences

(5%)

Topic elements to be covered

KT0301 Pre-trip administration

KT0302 Post-trip administration


IAC0301 List the various administrative processes which must be completed

prior to commencing the abseiling activity and explain their purpose.


after completing the abseiling activity and explain their purpose.

7.2.4. KM-07-KT04: Constructing fixed and releasable abseils including the

construction of the anchor system (10%)


KT0401 Anchor selection

KT0402 Anchor system construction

KT0403 Fixed abseils

KT0404 Releasable Abseils

KT0405 Overall system setup

KT0406 Personal safety at edges

KT0407 Retrievable Abseils


IAC0401 Discuss the considerations for selecting individual anchor points

irrespective of whether they are urban or rural.

42

IAC0402 Explain the various methods available to link multiple anchor points

into a single anchor system such as cordelette, individual slings, rope and other

methods. Compare critically the pros and cons of self-equalising versus load sharing

anchor systems.

IAC0403 Describe the respective methods of connection for fixed and

releasable abseils.

IAC0404 Compare the pros and cons of fixed versus releasable versus

retrievable abseils.

IAC0405 Discuss the set-up of retrievable abseils and its uses

IAC0406 List the considerations to be taken into account when setting up an

abseil and the checks to be conducted after setup is complete.

IAC0407 Discuss the importance of personal safety at edges and the relative

performance characteristics of various options commonly used for personal safety at

edges such as “washing lines’”, edge restraints, etc.

7.2.5 KM-07-KT05: Preparing the group for the abseil experience (5%)


KT0501 Briefing clients

KT0502 Physical appearance considerations

KT0503 Reasons to practice on safe/easy ground


IAC0501 Explain the purpose and importance of a safety briefing prior to

beginning an abseil experience.

IAC0502 List the topics to be covered when briefing clients who are in the

holding area prior to conducting the abseil experience.

IAC0503 List the aspects of an abseiler’s appearance, clothing or fashion

accessories which could interfere with the smooth execution of the abseil.

IAC0504 Describe the abseil process, as though you are a guide who is

explaining the abseiling process to a client, who is about to abseil. Explain the

importance of paying attention to posture, grip, foot placement and speed.

43

IAC0505 Describe why it is good practice to allow a group, to attempt abseiling

on level ground before abseiling vertically.

7.2.6 KM-07-KT06: Conducting the abseil experience (25%)


KT0601 Physics

KT0602 Checks

KT0603 Belays

KT0604 Abseiling


IAC0601 Describe how fall factors apply to catching a fall during an abseil.

IAC0602 Explain how the Law of the Conservation Of Energy applies in

abseiling and the risks it poses to equipment.

IAC0603 Explain the checks which need to be performed on a client

approaching the start of the abseil, describing what each aspect of the check is

seeking to achieve.

IAC0604 Describe the options available to protect the client against a fall whilst

abseiling, ensuring that the topics of top belays, bottom belays (a.k.a. Fireman’s

Belays), self-belays, and direct versus indirect belays are addressed.

IAC0605 Explain the step-by-step process of getting a client down an abseil

from the moment they approach the guide at the top to be connected to the abseil

until the moment that they are disconnected from the abseil rope at the bottom.

7.2.7 KM-07-KT07: Leading, organising and managing groups while abseiling (15%)


KT0701 Management during the approach and return walk

KT0702 Management in the holding area

KT0703 Management before the abseil

KT0704 Management after the abseil

KT0705 Management during the return

44


IAC0701 Describe the techniques available to guides to manage a group during

the walk to an abseil site.

IAC0702 List the elements of the briefing which should be conducted upon

arrival at the holding area prior to commencing the setup of the abseil itself.

IAC0703 Describe what steps guides can take to reduce the risk of boredom in

clients while setting up the abseil itself.

IAC0704 List the considerations to be taken into account when clients approach

the abseil adventure guide to be connected to the abseil line.

IAC0705 Describe the considerations which will determine the size of the

danger zone at the bottom of the abseil and how clients should be managed in this

area

IAC0706 List the considerations to be taken into account when selecting a

return route to the holding area.

7.2.8. KM-08-KT08: Prevention, identification and management of common abseiling

emergencies (30%)


KT0801 Tangles and jams

KT0802 Crag bound abseiler

KT0803 Jammed karabiners

KT0804 Jammed descendeur

KT0805 Jammed belay line

KT0806 Rope mobility for guiding


IAC0801 Describe the mechanisms by which a tangle may occur in the abseil

(or belay) rope and how to prevent them.

IAC0802 Describe the ways in which an abseiler’s device may become fouled

during the abseil and the measures to prevent this.

45

IAC0803 Describe the process to follow when attempting to free an abseil

device which had become jammed on the rope.

IAC0804 Describe the measures needed to prevent an abseiler from stopping

on a ledge and then refusing to carry on.

IAC0805 Describe the process of getting an abseiler who has reached a ledge

and is refusing to carry on off the ledge and down to the ground.

IAC0806 Explain how abseilers’ karabiners may become jammed and how to

release them.

IAC0807 Explain how an abseiler’s descender may become jammed and how

to release them when using a releasable abseil system


to release them when using a fixed abseil system

IAC0809 Explain how and why the belay line may get stuck and how to resolve

this problem and get the abseiler safely back to the ground

IAC0810 Explain the need for abseil guides to be able to ascend a rope, pass

knots on ascent and descent, change over from ascending to descending and vice

versa











46



IAC0103 Explain various terminology and communications used when abseiling

IAC0104 Describe the desirable characteristics of a suitable abseiling venue

and list the environmental factors which may impact on its suitability

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the abseiling environment and how to

mitigate them

IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of kernmantle ropes, prussic

loops and accessory cord used for abseiling and describe their performance



respect to their form and function, use, care and inspection.

IAC0203 Discuss the construction, application, limitations, care and inspection

of other load bearing software used for adventure abseiling

IAC0204 Discuss karabiners paying attention to the performance characteristics

of common designs and materials as well as describing their correct use and

inspection

IAC0205 Discuss descenders commonly used for adventure abseiling such as

figure 8’s, rescue figure 8’s and brake bar racks as well as the implications of using

locking vs. non-locking descenders at adventure abseiling sites


used for belaying in the adventure abseiling context

IAC0207 Discuss the use, care and maintenance of equipment used for

anchoring such as ropes, slings, cord, chocks, camming devices, hexes, wedges,

bolts, pitons and man-made features as well as the suitability of certain industrial

anchoring devices such as beam clamps, doorway bars, etc.

IAC0208 Discuss the application, fitting, use, care and maintenance of helmets,

gloves, edge protectors, backpacks, rope bags and other auxiliary equipment

IAC0401 Discuss the considerations for selecting individual anchor points

irrespective of whether they are urban or rural.

47

IAC0402 Explain the various methods available to link multiple anchor points

into a single anchor system such as cordelette, individual slings, rope and other

methods. Compare critically the pros and cons of self-equalising vs load sharing

anchor systems.

IAC0403 Describe the respective methods of connection for fixed and

releasable abseils.

IAC0404 Compare the pros and cons of fixed vs releasable vs retrievable

abseils.

IAC0405 Discuss the set-up of retrievable abseils and its uses

IAC0406 List the considerations to be taken into account when setting up an

abseil and the checks to be conducted after setup is complete.

IAC0407 Discuss the importance of personal safety at edges and the relative

performance characteristics of various options commonly used for personal safety at

edges such as “washing lines’”, edge restraints, etc.

IAC0501 Explain the purpose and importance of a safety briefing prior to

beginning an abseil experience.


holding area prior to conducting the abseil experience.

IAC0503 List the aspects of an abseiler’s appearance, clothing or fashion

accessories which could interfere with the smooth execution of the abseil.

IAC0504 Describe the abseil process, as though you are a guide who is

explaining the abseiling process to a client, who is about to abseil. Explain the

importance of paying attention to posture, grip, foot placement and speed.

IAC0505 Describe why it is good practice to allow a group, to attempt abseiling

on level ground before abseiling vertically.

IAC0601 Describe how fall factors apply to catching a fall during an abseil.

IAC0603 Explain the checks which need to be performed on a client

approaching the start of the abseil, describing what each aspect of the check is

seeking to achieve.

48

IAC0604 Describe the options available to protect the client against a fall whilst

abseiling, ensuring that the topics of top belays, bottom belays (a.k.a. Fireman’s

Belays), self-belays, and direct vs indirect belays are addressed.

IAC0605 Explain the step-by-step process of getting a client down an abseil

from the moment they approach the guide at the top to be connected to the abseil

until the moment that they are disconnected from the abseil rope at the bottom.

IAC0702 List the elements of the briefing which should be conducted upon

arrival at the holding area prior to commencing the setup of the abseil itself.

IAC0704 List the considerations to be taken into account when clients approach

the abseil adventure guide to be connected to the abseil line.

IAC0705 Describe the considerations which will determine the size of the

danger zone at the bottom of the abseil and how clients should be managed in this

area


return route to the holding area.

IAC0801 Describe the mechanisms by which a tangle may occur in the abseil

(or belay) rope and how to prevent them.

IAC0802 Describe the ways in which an abseiler’s device may become fouled

during the abseil and the measures to prevent this.

IAC0803 Describe the process to follow when attempting to free an abseil

device which had become jammed on the rope.

IAC0804 Describe the measures needed to prevent an abseiler from stopping

on a ledge and then refusing to carry on.

IAC0805 Describe the process of getting an abseiler who has reached a ledge

and is refusing to carry on off the ledge and down to the ground.

IAC0806 Explain how abseilers’ karabiners may become jammed and how to

release them.


to release them when using a releasable abseil system


to release them when using a fixed abseil system

49

IAC0809 Explain how and why the belay line may get stuck and how to resolve

this problem and get the abseiler safely back to the ground

IAC0810 Explain the need for abseil guides to be able to ascend a rope, pass

knots on ascent and descent, change over from ascending to descending and vice

versa

7.5 Exemptions

None

8. 511302002-KM-08: Single pitch abseiling experience more than 60m, NQF L4 Cr 5




pitch abseiling experience of more than 60m in height that entertains and informs

participants.


KM-08-KT01: The long abseiling environment (5%)

KM-08-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment specific to long abseils

(10%)

KM-08-KT03: Preparing the group for the long abseil experience (15%)

KM-08-KT04: Conducting the long abseil experience (30%)

KM-08-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while on a long abseiling

(10%)

KM-08-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common long abseiling

emergencies (30%)


8.2.1 KM-08-KT01: The long abseiling environment (5%)


KT0101 The nature of the long abseiling environment

50

KT0102 Selection of a suitable long abseiling site


IAC0101 Describe what long abseiling is and how it differs from operating short

abseils under 60m

IAC0102 Discuss well-known long abseiling sites in Southern Africa

IAC0103 Explain communications used in the long abseiling environment and

how it differs from the short abseil environment

IAC0104 Describe the desirable characteristics of a suitable long abseiling

venue and list the environmental factors which may impact on its suitability

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the long abseiling environment and

how to mitigate them

8.2.2. KM-08-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment specific to long abseils

(10%)



KT0202 Hardware (karabiners, descendeurs, ascenders, belay devices, etc.)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (helmets, edge protectors, gloves, backpacks,

etc.)

KT0204 Anchoring equipment (urban, natural, traditional climbing and bolts)


IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of kernmantel ropes, prussik

loops and accessory cord used for long abseiling; and describe their performance



respect to their form and function, use, care and inspection and how your choice of

harness may be influenced by the long abseiling environment

IAC0203 Discuss descendeurs commonly used for long adventure abseiling

such as rescue figure 8’s and brake bar racks with specific reference to their use and

51

performance on long abseils and critically compare them to devices used for shorter

abseils.


used for belaying in the long adventure abseiling context

8.2.3 KM-08-KT03: Preparing the group for the long abseil experience (15%)


KT0301 Briefing clients specific to long abseils

KT0302 Methods of rehearsal for long abseils


IAC0301 Explain how and why the safety and information briefing would differ

for a long abseil as opposed to a short abseil


holding area prior to conducting the long abseil experience.

IAC0303 Discuss options for providing practice or rehearsal abseils to

familiarise participants for the experience.

8.2.4 KM-08-KT04: Conducting the long abseil experience (30%)


KT0401 Physics

KT0403 Belays

KT0404 Abseiling


IAC0401 Describe how fall factors apply to catching a fall during a long abseil

and why this be more pertinent in long abseiling

IAC0402 Describe the possible difficulties associated to belaying a client on

long abseils

IAC0403 Discuss possible operational difficulties specifically associated to long

abseils

52

IAC0404 Discuss the Law of the Conservation of Energy, how it relates to heat

dissipation and the relationship it has to long abseils

IAC0405 Discuss the issues relating to rope weight in long abseils

IAC0406 Discuss issues relating to communication between parties at a long

abseil site

8.2.5 KM-08-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while on long abseils

(10%)



KT0502 Management in the holding area

KT0503 Management before the abseil

KT0504 Management after the abseil


IAC0501 Describe why long abseils may have different group management

difficulties than shorter abseils

IAC0502 Describe what steps guides can take to reduce the risk of boredom in

clients while setting up the abseil itself.

IAC0503 Describe why boredom may be a problem more pertinent when

guiding long abseils than shorter abseils for both the guide and clients


return route to the holding area with specific mention of long abseil sites

8.2.6. KM-08-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common long

abseiling emergencies (30%)


KT0601 Scared and frozen clients

KT0602 Jammed descender

KT6803 Inadvertent knots

53


IAC0801 Discuss the limitations of self-rescue

IAC0802 Discuss mechanical advantage systems, their use and limitations

IAC0803 Discuss the relative seriousness of an unintended knot in an abseil

rope during a long abseil and how its management may differ from solving the same

problem on short abseils













IAC0101 Describe what long abseiling is and how it differs from operating short

abseils under 60m

IAC0103 Explain communications used in the long abseiling environment and

how it differs from the short abseil environment

IAC0104 Describe the desirable characteristics of a suitable long abseiling

venue and list the environmental factors which may impact on its suitability

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the long abseiling environment and

how to mitigate them

54

IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of kernmantel ropes, prussik

loops and accessory cord used for long abseiling and describe their performance




harness may be influenced by the long abseiling environment

IAC0203 Discuss descendeurs commonly used for long adventure abseiling

such as rescue figure 8’s and brake bar racks with specific reference to their use and

performance on long abseils and critically compare them to devices used for shorter

abseils.


used for belaying in the long adventure abseiling context

IAC0301 Explain how and why the safety and information briefing would differ

for a long abseil as opposed to a short abseil

IAC0303 Discuss options for providing practice or rehearsal abseils to

familiarise participants for the experience.

IAC0401 Describe how fall factors apply to catching a fall during a long abseil

and why this be more pertinent in long abseiling

IAC0402 Describe the possible difficulties associated to belaying a client on

long abseils

IAC0404 Discuss the Law of the Conservation of Energy, how it relates to heat

dissipation and the relationship it has to long abseils

IAC0405 Discuss the issues relating to rope weight in long abseils

IAC0406 Discuss issues relating to communication between parties at a long

abseil site

IAC0503 Describe why boredom may be a problem more pertinent when

guiding long abseils than shorter abseils for both the guide and clients


return route to the holding area with specific mention of long abseil sites

IAC0801 Discuss the limitations of self-rescue

IAC0802 Discuss mechanical advantage systems, their use and limitations

55

IAC0803 Discuss the relative seriousness of an unintended knot in an abseil

rope during a long abseil and how its management may differ from solving the same

problem on short abseils

8.5 Exemptions

None

9. 511302002-KM-09: Single pitch sport rock climbing experience, NQF L4 Cr 5




pitch rock climbing experience that entertains and informs participants.


KM-09-KT01: The single pitch environment (5%)

KM-09-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment specific to rock climbing

(10%)

KM-09-KT03: Preparing the group for a rock climbing experience (15%)

KM-09-KT04: Conducting the single pitch rock climbing experience (30%)

KM-09-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while single pitch rock

climbing (20%)

KM-09-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common single pitch

rock climbing emergencies (20%)


9.2.1 KM-09-KT01: The single pitch environment (5%)


KT0101 The definition and nature of the single pitch environment

KT0102 Selection of suitable single pitch routes

56

KT0103 Climbing ethics


IAC0101 Define the term “single pitch”

IAC0102 Describe the desirable characteristics for a single pitch rock climbing

site given different participant group profiles

IAC0103 Explain communications used in rock climbing

IAC0104 Explain the following common terminology in the context of rock

climbing: crag, pitch, undercling, jug, crimp, jam, smear, dyno, flash, red point, on

sight, sandbag, barn door, hang-dogging, open book, arête, recess, rail, pocket

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the single pitch environment and how

to mitigate them

IAC0106 Differentiate between bottom-roping and top-roping

IAC0107 Explain the difference between sport- and trad climbing

IAC0108 Discuss climbing ethics and crag etiquette

IAC0108 Discuss South African Rock climbing grades and compare them to

international grades.

9.2.2. KM-09-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment specific to rock

climbing (10%)



KT0202 Hardware (karabiners, belay devices, quick draws, cheat sticks)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (helmets, edge protectors, backpacks, crash

mats, climbing shoes, chalk and chalk bags, toothbrushes)

KT0204 Anchoring equipment (natural and bolts)


57

IAC0201 Discuss the construction, materials and performance characteristics of

static and dynamic kernmantel ropes, prussik loops and accessory cord used for rock

climbing and describe their, use, care and inspection.

IAC0202 Discuss different types of harnesses used in rock climbing with


harness may be influenced by the nature of the activity and group profile

IAC0203 Discuss belay device commonly used for rock climbing with specific

reference to their use and performance

IAC0204 Describe the purpose of cheat sticks, chalk and climbing shoes

IAC0205 Discuss the choice and fitting of helmets as well as the decision

making surrounding their use in the single pitch environment

IAC0206 Discuss karabiners referring to shape, size, locking mechanism,

ratings and materials as well as their correct use

IAC0207 Describe the purpose of a crash mat when bouldering

9.2.3 KM-09-KT03: Preparing the group for a single pitch rock climbing experience

(15%)


KT0301 Briefing clients specific to single pitch rock climbing


IAC0301 List the topics to be covered when briefing clients prior to conducting

the single pitch rock climbing experience

9.2.4 KM-09-KT04: Conducting the single pitch rock climbing experience (30%)


KT0401 Anchoring

KT0403 Belaying for rock climbing

KT0404 Climbing technique

KT0405 Lead climbing and the use of intermediate protection

KT0406 Cleaning the route

58


IAC0401 Describe the principles and processes of movement over rock

IAC0402 Discuss the various techniques available to supervise multiple novice

belayers simultaneously

IAC0403 Describe correct belaying technique for belaying both a top-roped and

lead climber

IAC0404 Describe the effect of fall factors given various scenarios

IAC0405 List and explain rock climbing calls

IAC0406 Discuss issues relating to communication between parties when rock

climbing

IAC0407 Discuss the correct and incorrect use of quickdraws as intermediate

runners with specific reference to back-clipping, z-clipping, swopping ends of the

quickdraw

IAC0408 List the steps to be followed when cleaning a sport route

IAC0409 Describe the hazards associated with climbing at longer sport crags

(greater than 20m in height) and the measures to be taken to mitigate the risks

IAC0410 Discuss the risks posed by the use of rubber keepers on quickdraws

IAC0411 Describe sheave effect and how it impacts the relationship between

climber and belayer as well as the measures that can be taken when there is a

weight mismatch.

IAC0412 Explain the difference between connecting to the rope for leading

climbing as opposed to top-roping

IAC0413 Explain the risks associated with a guide leading a climb while being

belayed by a client and the risk mitigation strategies that can be employed

IAC0414 Discuss the risks associate with sticking your finger through the

hanger or eye of a bolt

9.2.5 KM-09-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while single pitch

rock climbing (20%)

59



KT0502 Management before and after climbing


IAC0501 Describe the checks to be performed on clients before starting the

climb

IAC0502 When managing large groups discuss the strategies that can be

employed to alleviate boredom while waiting to climb

IAC0503 Describe the processes employed for group accountability during the

approach and departure

9.2.6. KM-06-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common single

pitch rock climbing emergencies (20%)


KT0601 Crag bound climber

KT0602 Inability to complete the route

KT0603 Second climbs past protection

KT0604 Z-clipped lead climber

KT0605 Rope too short


IAC0601 List the steps to be completed for a belayer to escape the system

when it is weighted

IAC0602 List the steps to transfer from an indirect to a direct belay

IAC0603 Describe the problem solving process when a climber becomes crag

bound

IAC0604 Describe the problem solving process when a climber who is being

belayed from above is unable to climb a portion of the route


belayed from above falls off on overhanging terrain and is unable to reach the rock

60

IAC0606 Describe the problem solving process when a climber who is

seconding climbs past a piece of protection without removing it and is unable to climb

back down

IAC0607 Describe the problem solving process when a lead climber z-clips

IAC0604 Describe the problem solving process when you discover that your

rope is too short while lowering off a sport route













IAC0101 Define the term “single pitch”

IAC0102 Describe the desirable characteristics for a single pitch rock climbing

site given different participant group profiles

IAC0103 Explain communications used in rock climbing

IAC0104 Explain the following common terminology in the context of rock

climbing: crag, pitch, undercling, jug, crimp, jam, smear, dyno, flash, red point, on

sight, sandbag, barn door, hang-dogging, open book, arête, recess, rail, pocket

61

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the single pitch environment and how

to mitigate them

IAC0106 Differentiate between bottom-roping and top-roping

IAC0107 Explain the difference between sport- and trad climbing

IAC0108 Discuss climbing ethics and crag etiquette

IAC0108 Discuss South African Rock climbing grades and compare them to

international grades.


KT0202 Hardware (karabiners, belay devices, quick draws, cheat sticks)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (helmets, edge protectors, backpacks, crash

mats, climbing shoes, chalk and chalk bags, toothbrushes)

KT0204 Anchoring equipment (natural and bolts)

IAC0201 Discuss the construction, materials and performance characteristics of

static and dynamic kernmantel ropes, prussik loops and accessory cord used for rock

climbing and describe their, use, care and inspection.

IAC0202 Discuss different types of harnesses used in rock climbing with


harness may be influenced by the nature of the activity and group profile

IAC0203 Discuss belay device commonly used for rock climbing with specific

reference to their use and performance

IAC0204 Describe the purpose of cheat sticks, chalk and climbing shoes

IAC0205 Discuss the choice and fitting of helmets as well as the decision

making surrounding their use in the single pitch environment

IAC0206 Discuss karabiners referring to shape, size, locking mechanism,

ratings and materials as well as their correct use

IAC0207 Describe the purpose of a crash mat when bouldering

IAC0401 Describe the principles and processes of movement over rock

IAC0402 Discuss the various techniques available to supervise multiple novice

belayers simultaneously

62

IAC0403 Describe correct belaying technique for belaying both a top-roped and

lead climber

IAC0404 Describe the effect of fall factors given various scenarios

IAC0405 List and explain rock climbing calls

IAC0406 Discuss issues relating to communication between parties when rock

climbing

IAC0407 Discuss the correct and incorrect use of quickdraws as intermediate

runners with specific reference to back-clipping, z-clipping, swopping ends of the

quickdraw

IAC0408 List the steps to be followed when cleaning a sport route

IAC0409 Describe the hazards associated with climbing at longer sport crags

(greater than 20m in height) and the measures to be taken to mitigate the risks

IAC0410 Discuss the risks posed by the use of rubber keepers on quickdraws

IAC0411 Describe sheave effect and how it impacts the relationship between

climber and belayer as well as the measures that can be taken when there is a

weight mismatch.

IAC0412 Explain the difference between connecting to the rope for leading

climbing as opposed to top-roping

IAC0413 Explain the risks associated with a guide leading a climb while being

belayed by a client and the risk mitigation strategies that can be employed

IAC0414 Discuss the risks associate with sticking your finger through the

hanger or eye of a bolt

IAC0601 List the steps to be completed for a belayer to escape the system

when it is weighted

IAC0602 List the steps to transfer from an indirect to a direct belay

IAC0603 Describe the problem solving process when a climber becomes crag

bound


belayed from above is unable to climb a portion of the route

63



IAC0606 Describe the problem solving process when a climber who is

seconding climbs past a piece of protection without removing it and is unable to climb

back down

IAC0607 Describe the problem solving process when a lead climber z-clips

IAC0604 Describe the problem solving process when you discover that your

rope is too short while lowering off a sport route

9.5 Exemptions

None

64

10. 511302002-KM-10: Traditionally protected rock climbing, NQF L4, Cr 4



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely use traditional rock

climbing protection.


KM-10-KT01: Selection, use and care of traditional rock climbing protection (10%)

KM-10-KT02: Placement and removal of protection (90%)


10.2.1 KM-10-KT01: Selection, use and care of traditional rock climbing protection

(10%)


KT0101 Passive protection

KT0102 Active protection

KT0103 Auxilliary equipment


IAC0101 Define traditional rock climbing equipment and describe its origins

IAC0102 Discuss the use and limitations of traditional rock climbing protection

with reference to direction of pull, rock strength, flaring cracks and security of

placement

IAC0103 Discuss the role of bandoliers and nut removal tools

10.2.2. KM-10-KT02: Placement and removal of protection (90%)


KT0201 Placement of protection

65

KT0202 Removal of protection


IAC0201 Discuss the considerations to be taken into account when placing nuts

IAC0104 Discuss the considerations to be taken into account when placing

hexes


cams

IAC0106 Discuss the techniques available to reduce drag when climbing

IAC0107 Explain the technique for removing stuck nuts and hexes

IAC0108 Explain the risk of “Walking” in cams













IAC0101 Define traditional rock climbing equipment and describe its origins

66

IAC0102 Discuss the use and limitations of traditional rock climbing protection

with reference to direction of pull, rock strength, flaring cracks and security of

placement

IAC0103 Discuss the role of bandoliers and nut removal tools

IAC0201 Discuss the considerations to be taken into account when placing nuts


hexes


cams

IAC0106 Discuss the techniques available to reduce drag when climbing

IAC0107 Explain the technique for removing stuck nuts and hexes

IAC0108 Explain the risk of “Walking” in cams

10.5 Exemptions

None

11. 511302002-KM-11: Multi-pitch rock climbing experience, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided multi-

pitch rock climbing experience that entertains and informs participants.


KM-11-KT01: The multi-pitch environment (5%)

KM-11-KT02: Preparing the group for a multi-pitch rock climbing experience (10%)

KM-11-KT03: Conducting the multi-pitch rock climbing experience (30%)

KM-11-KT04: Leading, organising and managing groups while multi-pitch rock

climbing (20%)

KM-11-KT05: Prevention, identification and management of common multi-pitch rock

climbing emergencies (35%)

67


11.2.1 KM-11-KT01: The multi-pitch environment (5%)


KT0101 The definition and nature of the multi-pitch environment

KT0102 Selection of suitable multi-pitch routes


IAC0101 Define the term “multi-pitch”

IAC0102 Describe how multi-pitch differs from single pitch with specific

reference to typical multi-pitch climbing areas and challenges faced during the climb

IAC0103 Explain communication issues in multi-pitch rock climbing

IAC0104 Describe the hazards faced in the multi-pitch environment and how to

mitigate them

11.2.3 KM-11-KT02: Preparing the group for a multi-pitchrock climbing experience

(10%)


KT0201 Briefing clients specific to multi-pitchrock climbing


IAC0201 List the topics to be covered when briefing clients prior to conducting

the multi-pitchrock climbing experience

11.2.3 KM-11-KT03: Conducting the multi-pitchrock climbing experience (30%)


68

KT0301 Anchoring and stances

KT0302 Belaying for multi-pitchrock climbing

KT0303 Rope and stance management

KT0304 Lead climbing and the use of intermediate protection

KT0305 Retreating off a route

KT0306 Multi-pitch abseiling


IAC0301 Discuss the challenges posed by intermediate stances on multi-pitch

routes

IAC0302 Describe how belaying in a multi-pitch context differs from belaying in

the single pitch context

IAC0303 Discuss the challenges to communication that typical multi-pitch

climbing poses

IAC0304 Discuss the importance of proper rope management at stances when

climbing multi-pitch routes

IAC0305 Discuss the implications of wandering routes

IAC0306 Explain how multi-pitch routes limit group size and how to manage

groups on multi-pitch routes

IAC0307 Discuss the implications of retreating off multi-pitch routes

IAC0308 Explain the process from arriving at the stance to leaving the stance

when performing a multi-pitch abseil

IAC0309 List the options available when retreating off a multi-pitch route with a

single guide and novice climbers

IAC0310 Explain the risks associated with a guide leading a climb in the multi-

pitch environment while being belayed by a client and the risk mitigation strategies

that can be employed

IAC0311 Describe the process for the last person leaving a stance

IAC0312 Describe the challenges posed by and techniques available to belay

two seconds simultaneously

69

11.2.4 KM-11-KT04: Leading, organising and managing groups while single pitch

rock climbing (20%)



KT0402 Management before and after climbing


IAC0401 Describe how the approach and return routes in multi-pitch climbing

often differs from single pitch climbing and its implications

IAC0402 List the additional skills that are frequently required of a multi-pitch

guide that are seldom required of a single pitch guide with specific reference to the

approach and return

11.2.5. KM-11-KT05: Prevention, identification and management of common multi-

pitchrock climbing emergencies (35%)


KT0501 Fallen leader

KT0502 Stuck ropes during abseils

KT0503 Dropped abseil device

KT0504 Evacuating an incapacitated climbing partner

KT0505 Calling for rescue


IAC0501 Describe the possible challenges posed by fallen and injured lead

climber and the process which is followed to get them to a ledge

IAC0502 List the factors which may lead to ropes becoming jammed when

attempting to pull them down during a multi pitch abseil and the techniques available

to remedy the problem.

IAC0503 Describe the technique known as a “Counter balance abseil’ and

explain the context in which it may be used in multi-pitch climbing.

70

IAC0504 Discuss how multi-pitch climbing environments impact on calling for

outside assistance and the implications of these impacts.

IAC0505 Discuss the implications of dropping your abseil / belay device whilst

multi-pitch abseil.


belayed from above is unable to climb a portion of the route and how this differs from

the single pitch environment.



and explain how this differs from the single pitch environment.













IAC0101 Define the term “multi-pitch”

IAC0102 Describe how multi-pitch differs from single pitch with specific

reference to typical multi-pitch climbing areas and challenges faced during the climb

IAC0103 Explain communication issues in multi-pitch rock climbing

71

IAC0104 Describe the hazards faced in the multi-pitch environment and how to

mitigate them

IAC0301 Discuss the challenges posed by intermediate stances on multi-pitch

routes

IAC0302 Describe how belaying in a multi-pitch context differs from belaying in

the single pitch context

IAC0303 Discuss the challenges to communication that typical multi-pitch

climbing poses

IAC0304 Discuss the importance of proper rope management at stances when

climbing multi-pitch routes

IAC0305 Discuss the implications of wandering routes

IAC0306 Explain how multi-pitch routes limit group size and how to manage

groups on multi-pitch routes

IAC0307 Discuss the implications of retreating off multi-pitch routes

IAC0308 Explain the process from arriving at the stance to leaving the stance

when performing a multi-pitch abseil

IAC0309 List the options available when retreating off a multi-pitch route with a

single guide and novice climbers

IAC0310 Explain the risks associated with a guide leading a climb in the multi-

pitch environment while being belayed by a client and the risk mitigation strategies

that can be employed

IAC0311 Describe the process for the last person leaving a stance

IAC0312 Describe the challenges posed by and techniques available to belay

two seconds simultaneously

IAC0601 Describe the possible challenges posed by fallen and injured lead

climber and the process which is followed to get them to a ledge

IAC0602 List the factors which may lead to ropes becoming jammed when

attempting to pull them down during a multi pitch abseil and the techniques available

to remedy the problem.

72

IAC0603 Describe the technique known as a “Counter balance abseil’ and

explain the context in which it may be used in multi-pitch climbing.

IAC0604 Discuss how multi-pitch climbing environments impact on calling for

outside assistance and the implications of these impacts.

IAC0605 Discuss the implications of dropping your abseil / belay device whilst

multi-pitch abseil.


belayed from above is unable to climb a portion of the route and how this differs from

the single pitch environment.



and explain how this differs from the single pitch environment.

11.5 Exemptions

None

12. 511302002-KM-12: Single day limited area on-trail hiking or mountain walking





day hiking or mountain walking experience in the on-trail at low elevations below 2400m ASL

in a limited geographical area.

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in single day on-trail hiking or

mountain walking experience in a limited geographical area will be able to provide safe

experiences of good quality thus strengthening the profession.


73

KM-12-KT01: The mountain environment (10%)

KM-12-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for single day

mountain walking or hiking experiences (20%)

KM-12-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to mountain walking or hiking

experiences (5%)

KM-12-KT04: Preparing the group for the on-trail mountain walking or hiking

experience (15%)

KM-12-KT05: Conducting the mountain walking or hiking experience (20%)

KM-12-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while mountain walking or

hiking (10%)

KM-12-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common mountain

walking or hiking hazards and emergencies (20%)


12.2.1 KM-12-KT01: The mountain environment (10%)


KT0101 The origins and history of mountain walking or hiking as an activity

KT0102 Terminology used in mountain walking or hiking

KT0103 The nature of the mountain walking or hiking environment

KT0104 Selection of a suitable trail for mountain walking or hiking


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by on-trail mountain walking or hiking,

demarcated trails and footpaths and how does it differ from off-trail mountain walking

or hiking

IAC0102 Discuss on-trail mountain walking or hiking in South Africa

IAC0103 Explain various terminology used when mountain walking or hiking

IAC0104 Describe the desirable characteristics of a mountain walking or hiking

trail and list the environmental factors which may impact on its suitability

IAC0105 Describe the hazards faced in the mountain walking or hiking

environment and how to mitigate them

74

12.2.2. KM-12-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for single

day hiking or mountain walking (20%)


KT0201 Clothing (shell gear, footwear, insulating clothing, base layer clothing,

the layering system, gloves, headwear, gaiters, different materials used in

construction)

KT0202 Equipment (day packs, trekking poles, walking ropes, lighting,

hydration and water filtration equipment)

KT0203 Emergency equipment (emergency shelters, communication devices)

KT0204 Catering equipment


IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of modern mountain walking or

hiking clothing including its benefits, disadvantages and comparison to each other

and traditional fabrics

IAC0202 Discuss human thermoregulation and the ways in which it relates to

the layering system

IAC0203 Discuss different types of backpacks used for day mountain walking or

hiking experiences, its selection, fit, packing and care.

IAC0204 Discuss trekking poles, its safe use and the advantages and

disadvantages associated with its use

IAC0205 Discuss the use of the walking rope in the hiking or mountain walking

environment

IAC0206 Discuss emergency equipment for day hiking or mountain walking

experiences including emergency shelters, first aid kits, signalling equipment,

communication equipment and lighting equipment

IAC0207 Discuss various types of hiking stoves and catering equipment, its

uses and limitations, care and maintenance as applicable to day walks

IAC0208 Discuss various types of water filtration equipment, its benefits and

disadvantages, care and maintenance

IAC0209 Discuss various types of hydration systems and water carrying

equipment, its benefits and disadvantages, care and maintenance

75

12.2.3 KM-12-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to mountain walking or

hiking experiences (5%)






prior to commencing the mountain walking or hiking experience and explain their

purpose.


after completing the mountain walking or hiking experience and explain their

purpose.

12.2.4. KM-12-KT04: Preparing the group for the on-trail hiking or mountain walking

experience (15%)


KT0401 Trail selection

KT0402 Client equipment, clothing and packing

KT0403 Briefings


IAC0401 Discuss the considerations for selecting a hiking or mountain walking

trail suitable to your client group and their expectations

IAC0402 Discuss the equipment and clothing requirements for a client on a day

hiking or mountain walking experience in various areas, conditions and seasons

IAC0403 Discuss the packing of a day mountain walking or hiking backpack

and making sure it fits the wearer correctly

IAC0404 Discuss the contents of a pre-trip and safety briefing to clients,

delivery methods and style .

76

12.2.5 KM-12-KT05: Conducting the hiking or mountain walking experience (20%)


KT0501 Basic trail navigation

KT0502 Estimate walking time

KT0503 Weather interpretation

KT0504 Walking skills


IAC0501 Discuss various common ways of way marking on hiking or mountain

walking trails and footpaths including advantages and disadvantages of each method

IAC0502 Name and describe various navigation tools and their features and

parts (compass, map, guidebooks)

IAC0503 Discuss characteristics of South African topographical maps as used

for hiking and compare their usefulness to sketch maps which are often issued by

land owners.

IAC0504 Discuss navigation using only a map, landmarks and topographical

features, naming and describing various topographical features what would be used

to navigate cross country with reference to scale and specific techniques (catching

features, handrails, tick lists, slope aspect) that are used for navigation with map only

IAC0505 Discuss the use of a compass for navigation and explain various

compass techniques (taking a bearing, walking on a given bearing, calculating a

bearing from a map, calculating a resection or partial resection, navigating around

obstacles, “aiming off”, coarse and fine navigation, attack points)

IAC0506 Discuss the use of guidebooks as navigation tool and how to follow a

written route description

IAC0507 Discuss the use of grid systems on maps and how to accurately

communicate your position on a map to others

IAC0508 Discuss methods to accurately estimate walking time between given

points

IAC0509 Discuss basic meteorology and mountain weather including sources of

weather information, cloud formations, climate, wind directions, weather

77

interpretation, identifying changing weather and short-term prediction for your

immediate environment

IAC0510 Discuss movement on trail paying attention to foot placement,

balance, rhythm and pace.

12.2.6 KM-12-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while hiking or

mountain walking (10%)


KT0501 Group management while hiking or mountain walking

KT0502 Leadership positions

KT0503 Problem clients


IAC0601 Discuss the basic principles and challenges of group leadership in the

mountain walking or hiking environment.

IAC0602 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of leading your hiking or

mountain walking group from the front, middle and tail end.

IAC0603 Discuss the use of a lead person and tail person and the roles of each

IAC0604 Discuss how to deal with problem clients giving sample situations and

how best to deal with them.

12.2.7 KM-12-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common hiking or

mountain walking hazards and emergencies (20%)


KT0701 Water hazards

KT0702 Weather hazards

KT0703 Steep ground and terrain hazards

KT0704 Medical conditions and trauma injuries

KT0705 Fire hazards

KT0706 Self rescue


78

IAC0701 Name and describe signs that indicate a swollen river

IAC0702 Discuss considerations when choosing the best crossing points for

rivers and streams

IAC0703 Discuss the dangers of moving water and methods of incident

avoidance

IAC0704 Discuss correct lightning avoidance procedures when with a group or

alone

IAC0705 Discuss different scenarios relating to changing weather conditions

and how to take appropriate action for each

IAC0706 Discuss basic concepts of movement on steep ground including body

position, balance, foot placement, 3 points of contact rule and spotting

IAC0707 Describe aspects to consider then choosing a route through broken or

steep ground hazards including traversing steep and broken ground and following a

narrow ridge

IAC0708 Describe the use of a walking rope for setting up handrails (hand

lines) and for belaying a client on ascent and descent of a short steep section.

IAC0709 Discuss suitable knots for use when safeguarding clients with a rope

on steep ground

IAC0710 Discuss suitable ropes and their characteristics for use when

safeguarding clients with a rope on steep ground

IAC0711 Discuss the identification by signs and symptoms of common medical

conditions encountered when mountain walking or hiking including hypo- and hyper

thermic conditions; stings, animal bites, stings and envenomation; dehydration;

inherent medical conditions (“heart attack”, “stroke”, asthma, allergies); gastro-

intestinal illnesses and exhaustion

IAC0712 Discuss the identification by signs and symptoms of common trauma

injuries encountered when mountain walking or hiking including fractures; sprains;

strains; burns; internal- and external haemorrhage

IAC0713 Discuss various levels of first aid training available in South Africa

suitable to the adventure guiding environment and how to assemble a first aid kit

suitable to your level of training and your guiding activity

79

IAC0714 Discuss veld fires including their prevention, possible causes and how

to deal with it

IAC0715 Discuss various methods of improvising carrying equipment

(stretchers) for the emergency evacuation of a patient from the mountain walking or

hiking environment

IAC0716 Discuss the precautions to be taken to prevent negative encounters

with various types of fauna and flora such as snakes, spiders, scorpions, ticks,

hunting dogs, blister beetles, primates (including humans), cats, blister bush, stinging

nettle, euphorbia

IAC0717 Describe the process to be followed when managing an emergency

within the group and the process of calling for outside help

IAC0718 Describe safe helicopter landing zones and safe movement around

helicopters which have landed



rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground

80















to deal with it



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia










Access to an environment conducive to the adventure activity experience

81

















the layering system






environment




82





















land owners.











83




points
















rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge

84




on steep ground















to deal with it



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia






85


rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground















to deal with it

86



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia





12.5 Exemptions

None

13. 511302002-KM-13: Single day limited area on-trail hiking or mountain walking





day hiking or mountain walking experience in the on-trail at low elevations below 2400m ASL

in a limited geographical area.

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in single day on-trail hiking or

mountain walking experience in a limited geographical area will be able to provide safe

experiences of good quality thus strengthening the profession.


KM-13-KT01: The mountain environment (10%)

KM-13-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for single day

mountain walking or hiking experiences (20%)

87

KM-13-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to mountain walking or hiking

experiences (5%)

KM-13-KT04: Preparing the group for the on-trail mountain walking or hiking

experience (15%)

KM-13-KT05: Conducting the mountain walking or hiking experience (20%)

KM-13-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while mountain walking or

hiking (10%)


walking or hiking hazards and emergencies (20%)


13.2.1 KM-13-KT01: The mountain environment (10%)


KT0101 The origins and history of mountain walking or hiking as an activity

KT0102 Terminology used in mountain walking or hiking

KT0103 The nature of the mountain walking or hiking environment

KT0104 Selection of a suitable trail for mountain walking or hiking


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by on-trail mountain walking or hiking,

demarcated trails and footpaths and how does it differ from off-trail mountain walking

or hiking

IAC0102 Discuss on-trail mountain walking or hiking in South Africa






13.2.2. KM-13-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for single

day hiking or mountain walking (20%)

88


KT0201 Clothing (shell gear, footwear, insulating clothing, base layer clothing,

the layering system, gloves, headwear, gaiters, different materials used in

construction)

KT0202 Equipment (day packs, trekking poles, walking ropes, lighting,

hydration and water filtration equipment)

KT0203 Emergency equipment (emergency shelters, communication devices)

KT0204 Catering equipment






the layering system






environment










13.2.3 KM-13-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to mountain walking or

hiking experiences (5%)

89






prior to commencing the mountain walking or hiking experience and explain their

purpose.


after completing the mountain walking or hiking experience and explain their

purpose.

13.2.4. KM-13-KT04: Preparing the group for the on-trail hiking or mountain walking

experience (15%)


KT0401 Trail selection


KT0403 Briefings










13.2.5 KM-13-KT05: Conducting the hiking or mountain walking experience (20%)


90

KT0501 Basic trail navigation

KT0502 Estimate walking time

KT0503 Weather interpretation

KT0504 Walking skills








land owners.














points





91



13.2.6 KM-13-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while hiking or



KT0601 Group management while hiking or mountain walking

KT0602 Leadership positions

KT0603 Problem clients









13.2.7 KM-13-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common hiking or

mountain walking hazards and emergencies (20%)





KT0704 Medical conditions and trauma injuries

KT0705 Fire hazards

KT0706 Self rescue



92


rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground















to deal with it

93



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia







rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground



94













to deal with it



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia











95
















the layering system






environment








96










delivery methods and style







land owners.














points

97
















rivers and streams


avoidance


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground

98















to deal with it



hiking environment




nettle, euphorbia







rivers and streams


avoidance

99


alone







narrow ridge




on steep ground















to deal with it



hiking environment

100




nettle, euphorbia





13.5 Exemptions

None

14. 511302002-KM-14: On-trail hiking or mountain walking experience,

NQF level 4, Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided hiking or

mountain walking experience in the on-trail environment at low elevations below 2400m ASL

with overnighting in established trail huts

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in on-trail hiking or mountain walking

experience will be able to provide safe experiences of good quality thus strengthening the

profession.


KM-14-KT01: Access and the mountain environment (10%)

KM-14-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for trail mountain

walking experiences (10%)

KM-14-KT03: Preparing the group for the trail mountain walking experience (10%)

KM-14-KT04: Conducting the multi-day mountain walking experience (30%)

101

KM-14-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while mountain walking

(20%)

KM-14-KT06: Risk analysis (5%)


walking hazards and emergencies (15%)

14.2. Guidelines for topics

14.2.1. KM-14-KT01: Access and the mountain environment (10%)


KT0101 Make access arrangements for overnight hiking or mountain walking

KT0102 Minimum impact travel in the trail hiking or mountain walking environment

KT0103 Mountaineering ethics


IAC0101 Describe what is involved in making appropriate access arrangements

for a trail mountain walking experience and the different authorities (land owners)

who may be involved

IAC0102 Discuss issues relating to access to mountain walking areas in South

Africa

IAC0103 Discuss the impact mountain walking groups could have on locally

important, archaeological, cultural and historical sites

IAC0104 Discuss leave-no-trace principles with specific application to the trail

mountain walking environment and reference to the UIAA mountain code

14.2.2. KM-14-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for trail mountain

walking experiences (10%)


KT0201 Clothing for multi-day trail hiking experiences

KT0202 Equipment for multi-day trail hiking experiences

KT0203 Emergency equipment for multi-day hiking experiences

KT0204 Catering equipment for multi-day hiking experiences

102


IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of modern hiking or mountain

walking clothing including its benefits, disadvantages and comparison to each other


IAC0202 Discuss expedition size backpacks used for multi-day hiking or

mountain walking experiences, its selection, fit, packing and care.

IAC0203 Discuss ratings and limitations of common hiking or mountain walking

equipment

IAC0204 Discuss common materials used, construction of, & performance of

equipment and clothing used for trail hiking or mountain walking

IAC0205 Discuss and explain the concept of “warmth : weight : bulk” in relation

to clothing and sleeping bags used for hiking or mountain walking

14.2.3. KM-14-KT03: Preparing the group for the trail hiking or mountain walking

experience (10%)


KT0401 Briefings




delivery methods and style appropriate to a multi-day trail hiking or mountain walking

experience

IAC0402 Discuss the equipment and clothing requirements for a client on a

multi-day hiking or mountain walking experience in various areas, conditions and

seasons

IAC0403 Discuss the packing of the client’s expedition size mountain walking

backpack and making sure it fits the wearer correctly how you would ensure this

before and during the experience

103

14.2.4. KM-14-KT04: Conducting the multi-day hiking or mountain walking experience

(30%)


KT0401 On-trail navigation

KT0402 Overnighting in established mountain trail huts

KT0403 Imparting knowledge


IAC0401 Discuss various grid systems found on maps, their use and how to

accurately plot your position on a map and communicate that to others

IAC0402 Discuss different types of map scale and how to use them

IAC0403 Discuss the making and use of route cards, including measuring

distance on the map, plotting of a route and accurate estimation of walking times

IAC0404 Discuss magnetic declination and the associated calculations

IAC0405 Discuss the concept of “terrain under foot” and its influence on

navigation, route planning and walking time

IAC0406 Discuss how to estimate distance on the ground and its application

IAC0407 Discuss how to determine a bearing from a map and how to follow the

bearing in good and poor visibility conditions

IAC0408 Discuss GPS systems, how they work and their benefits and

drawbacks

IAC0409 Discuss map datum, how it is established and the implications of using

the incorrect datum when navigating

14.2.5. KM-14-KT05: Leading, organising and managing groups while hiking or


Topic elements to be covered included:

KT0501 Group management while multi-day hiking or mountain walking

KT0502 Insurance requirements

104


IAC0501 Discuss different leadership styles and how they could affect different

groups

IAC0502 Discuss different types of insurance the guide, operator and client my

require for a hiking or mountain walking experience

IAC0503 Discuss the basic entrepreneurial and business principles that a small

operator or guide of hiking or mountain walking experiences will need to apply

14.2.6. KM-14-KT06: Risk analysis (5%)


KT0601 Risk analysis for hiking or mountain walking


IAC0601 Discuss a comprehensive risk assessment for a multi-day hiking or

mountain walking experience

14.2. 7. KM-14-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common

hiking or mountain walking hazards and emergencies (15%)





KT0704 Self rescue


IAC0701 Discuss techniques for crossing a river with and without the use of a

rope with specific reference to the dangers involved in the use of a rope in river

crossings

IAC0702 Explain how you would prepare your group for a river crossing

IAC0703 Discuss the interpretation of weather maps, cloud types, wind speed

and temperature

105

IAC0704 Discuss how you would supervise a group doing a short section of

rock scrambling without the aid of a rope

IAC0705 Discuss the hazards involved in easy snow covered terrain and how

you would supervise a group crossing a patch of unexpected snow covered ground

without the use of specialist snow equipment

IAC0706 Discuss the techniques for lowering a group member or equipment

using a rope

IAC0707 Discuss various methods in which you could assist an outside rescue

agency in case of an emergency within your group

IAC0715 Discuss national search and rescue structures

IAC0716 List the information required when requesting assistance from an

outside rescue agency during an emergency













106

IAC0101 Describe what is involved in making appropriate access arrangements

for a trail mountain walking experience and the different authorities (land owners)

who may be involved

IAC0102 Discuss issues relating to access to mountain walking areas in South

Africa

IAC0103 Discuss the impact mountain walking groups could have on locally

important, archaeological, cultural and historical sites

IAC0104 Discuss leave-no-trace principles with specific application to the trail

mountain walking environment and reference to the UIAA mountain code

IAC0201 Discuss the construction and materials of modern hiking or mountain

walking clothing including its benefits, disadvantages and comparison to each other


IAC0202 Discuss expedition size backpacks used for multi-day hiking or

mountain walking experiences, its selection, fit, packing and care.

IAC0203 Discuss ratings and limitations of common hiking or mountain walking

equipment

IAC0204 Discuss common materials used, construction of, & performance of

equipment and clothing used for trail hiking or mountain walking

IAC0205 Discuss and explain the concept of “warmth : weight : bulk” in relation

to clothing and sleeping bags used for hiking or mountain walking


delivery methods and style appropriate to a multi-day trail hiking or mountain walking

experience

IAC0402 Discuss the equipment and clothing requirements for a client on a

multi-day hiking or mountain walking experience in various areas, conditions and

seasons

IAC0403 Discuss the packing of the client’s expedition size mountain walking

backpack and making sure it fits the wearer correctly how you would ensure this

before and during the experience

IAC0401 Discuss various grid systems found on maps, their use and how to

accurately plot your position on a map and communicate that to others

107

IAC0402 Discuss different types of map scale and how to use them

IAC0403 Discuss the making and use of route cards, including measuring

distance on the map, plotting of a route and accurate estimation of walking times

IAC0404 Discuss magnetic declination and the associated calculations

IAC0405 Discuss the concept of “terrain under foot” and its influence on

navigation, route planning and walking time

IAC0406 Discuss how to estimate distance on the ground and its application

IAC0407 Discuss how to determine a bearing from a map and how to follow the

bearing in good and poor visibility conditions

IAC0408 Discuss GPS systems, how they work and their benefits and

drawbacks

IAC0409 Discuss map datum, how it is established and the implications of using

the incorrect datum when navigating

IAC0701 Discuss techniques for crossing a river with and without the use of a

rope with specific reference to the dangers involved in the use of a rope in river

crossings

IAC0702 Explain how you would prepare your group for a river crossing

IAC0703 Discuss the interpretation of weather maps, cloud types, wind speed

and temperature

IAC0704 Discuss how you would supervise a group doing a short section of

rock scrambling without the aid of a rope

IAC0705 Discuss the hazards involved in easy snow covered terrain and how

you would supervise a group crossing a patch of unexpected snow covered ground

without the use of specialist snow equipment

IAC0706 Discuss the techniques for lowering a group member or equipment

using a rope

IAC0707 Discuss various methods in which you could assist an outside rescue

agency in case of an emergency within your group

IAC0715 Discuss national search and rescue structures

108

IAC0716 List the information required when requesting assistance from an

outside rescue agency during an emergency

14.5 Exemptions

None

15. 511302002-KM-15: Mountain activities at high altitude, NQF L5 Cr 4



sound understanding of the effects and dangers of mountain activities at high altitude

elevations above 2400m

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in mountain activities at high altitude

will be able to provide safe experiences and activities at high elevations thus strengthening

the profession.


KM-15-KT01: The high altitude mountain environment (10%)

KM-15-KT02: High altitude conditions, prevention and field treatment (50%)

KM-15-KT03: Preparing the group for a high altitude mountain experience (40%)


15.2.1. KM-15-KT01: The high altitude mountain environment (10%)


KT0101 Altitude zones

109

KT0102 High altitude mountaineering

KT0103 Physiology of high altitude


IAC0101 Describe the various high altitude zones

IAC0102 Discuss the causes of altitude related illnesses

IAC0103 Discuss the characteristics of physical activity at altitude on the human

body

IAC0104 Discuss the effects of altitude on appetite, digestion and group

psychology

IAC0105 Broadly discuss issues relating to high altitude commercial

mountaineering

15.2.2. KM-15-KT02: High altitude conditions, prevention and field treatment (50%)


KT0201 Acute mountain sickness (AMS)

KT0202 High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO)

KT0203 High altitude cerebral oedema (HACO)

KT0204 Other high altitude problems or conditions

KT0204 Prevention of altitude related problems


IAC0201 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of AMS

IAC0202 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of HAPO

IAC0203 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of HACO

IAC0204 Discuss differentiating between the signs and symptoms of AMS,

HAPO and HACO

IAC0205 Discuss other possible high altitude related medical problems, their

signs and symptoms and field treatment

IAC0206 Discuss the prevention of high altitude conditions with specific

reference to latest research, training, medications, hydration, common myths and

110

misconceptions, rate of ascent, the “climb high sleep low” concept and the

continuous monitoring of the group

15.2.3. KM-15-KT03: Preparing the group for a high altitude mountain experience

(40%)

Topic elements to be coved include:

KT0301 Briefings

KT0302 Individual needs

KT0303 Training


IAC0301 Discuss what you would cover in an initial pre-trip briefing on high

altitude conditions

IAC0302 Discuss how the physiology of people differ as related to high altitude

mountaineering

IAC0303 Discuss possible training and preparation regimes that would assist in

the avoidance of high altitude related problems



• Physical Requirements:








Relevant qualifications and/or a minimum of 3 years active subject matter experience

111

Legal Requirements:



IAC0101 Describe the various high altitude zones

IAC0102 Discuss the causes of altitude related illnesses

IAC0103 Discuss the characteristics of physical activity at altitude on the human

body

IAC0104 Discuss the effects of altitude on appetite, digestion and group

psychology

IAC0105 Broadly discuss issues relating to high altitude commercial

mountaineering

IAC0201 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of AMS

IAC0202 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of HAPO

IAC0203 Discuss the signs, symptoms and field treatment of HACO

IAC0204 Discuss differentiating between the signs and symptoms of AMS,

HAPO and HACO

IAC0205 Discuss other possible high altitude related medical problems, their

signs and symptoms and field treatment

IAC0206 Discuss the prevention of high altitude conditions with specific

reference to latest research, training, medications, hydration, common myths and

misconceptions, rate of ascent, the “climb high sleep low” concept and the

continuous monitoring of the group

IAC0301 Discuss what you would cover in an initial pre-trip briefing on high

altitude conditions

IAC0302 Discuss how the physiology of people differ as related to high altitude

mountaineering

IAC0303 Discuss possible training and preparation regimes that would assist in

the avoidance of high altitude related problems

112

15.5 Exemptions

None

113

16. 511302002-KM-16: Off-trail hiking or mountain walking, NQF L5 Cr 3



sound understanding of leading a group in the off-trail hiking or mountain walking

environment


KM-16-KT01: Steep and broken terrain (40%)

KM-16-KT02: Confidence roping and short roping (60%)


16.2.1. KM-11-KT01: Steep and broken terrain (40%)


KT0101 Movement on steep and broken terrain


IAC0101 Discuss personal movement techniques for use on steep and broken

terrain in ascent and descent

IAC0102 Discuss safe group movement on steep and broken terrain

16.2.2. KM-16-KT02: Confidence roping and short roping (60%)


KT0201 Applying confidence roping techniques

KT0202 Applying short roping techniques


IAC0201 Discuss what is meant by confidence roping

IAC0202 Discuss the application and limitations of confidence roping

114

IAC0203 Discuss various techniques for confidence roping

IAC0204 Discuss what is meant by short roping

IAC0205 Discuss the application and limitations of short roping

IAC0206 Discuss various techniques for short roping














IAC0101 Discuss personal movement techniques for use on steep and broken

terrain in ascent and descent

IAC0102 Discuss safe group movement on steep and broken terrain

IAC0201 Discuss what is meant by confidence roping

IAC0202 Discuss the application and limitations of confidence roping

IAC0203 Discuss various techniques for confidence roping

IAC0204 Discuss what is meant by short roping

IAC0205 Discuss the application and limitations of short roping

115

IAC0206 Discuss various techniques for short roping

16.5 Exemptions

None

17. 511302002-KM-17: Wild and winter camping in the outdoor environment, NQF L4

Cr 3



sound understanding of the principles of wild and winter camping and caring for a group in

this environment

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in wild and winter camping in the

outdoor environment will provide safe experiences and activities in such conditions thus

strengthening the profession.


KM-17-KT01: Setting up camp (50%)

KM-17-KT02: Food planning and preparation (50%)


17.2.1. KM-17-KT01: Setting up camp (50%)


KT0101 Set up camp in tents, caves, rudimentary huts or bivouac


IAC0101 Discuss campsite selection

IAC0102 Discuss the positioning of a campsite according to topography and

weather considerations

116

IAC0103 Discuss different types of tents with references to shapes,

poles, strength, materials and specifications

IAC0104 Discuss the preparation and use of emergency shelter

IAC0105 Describe the challenges posed by camping in frozen or snowy

conditions and the techniques that are used to overcome them

17.2.2. KM-17-KT02: Food planning and preparation (50%)


KT0201 Menu planning

KT0202 Food selection

KT0203 Prepare food


IAC0201 Discuss menu planning and nutritional needs on a remote expedition

IAC0202 Discuss food selection and packaging for expedition use

IAC0203 Discuss the preparation of food on an expedition using a variety of

methods for self and others

IAC0204 Discuss the behaviour of stoves in different temperature conditions

IAC0205 Discuss the implication of preparing food in cold conditions










117





IAC0101 Discuss campsite selection

IAC0102 Discuss the positioning of a campsite according to topography and

weather considerations

IAC0103 Discuss different types of tents with references to shapes,

poles, strength, materials and specifications

IAC0104 Discuss the preparation and use of emergency shelter

IAC0105 Describe the challenges posed by camping in frozen or snowy

conditions and the techniques that are used to overcome them

IAC0201 Discuss menu planning and nutritional needs on a remote expedition

IAC0202 Discuss food selection and packaging for expedition use

IAC0203 Discuss the preparation of food on an expedition using a variety of

methods for self and others

IAC0204 Discuss the behaviour of stoves in different temperature conditions

IAC0205 Discuss the implication of preparing food in cold conditions

17.5 Exemptions

None

18. 511302002-KM-18: Advanced navigation for mountaineering, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of advanced navigation techniques required for mountaineering

activities in off-trail and remote areas.

118

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in advanced navigation for

mountaineering will provide safe experiences and activities in off-trail and remote conditions

thus strengthening the profession.


KM-18-KT01: Navigating across difficult terrain during poor visibility conditions

(50%)

KM-18-KT03: Navigating in featureless terrain (20%)

KM-18-KT02: Navigating in restricted terrain (30%)


18.2.1. KM-18-KT01: Navigating across difficult terrain during poor visibility

conditions (50%)


KT0101 Route cards

KT0102 Following a route in limited visibility conditions

KT0103 Altimeters


IAC0101 Describe how to prepare a route card suited to micro navigation in

limited visibility conditions

IAC0102 Describe how to accurately use a compass to follow a bearing in

limited visibility conditions. (Dead Reckoning)

IAC0103 Discuss the use of altimeters, their limitations and possible associated

problems

18.2.2. KM-18-KT02: Navigating in featureless terrain (20%)


KT0201 Featureless terrain


119

IAC0201 Discuss what is meant by featureless terrain and give examples

IAC0202 Discuss how you would navigate across featureless terrain in both

good and limited visibility conditions

18.2.3. KM-18-KT03: Navigating in restricted terrain (30%)


KT0301 Restricted terrain


IAC0401 Discuss what is meant by restricted terrain and give examples

IAC0402 Discuss how you would navigate across restricted terrain in both good

and limited visibility conditions














120

IAC0101 Describe how to prepare a route card suited to micro navigation in

limited visibility conditions

IAC0102 Describe how to accurately use a compass to follow a bearing in

limited visibility conditions. (Dead Reckoning)

IAC0103 Discuss the use of altimeters, their limitations and possible associated

problems

IAC0201 Discuss what is meant by featureless terrain and give examples

IAC0202 Discuss how you would navigate across featureless terrain in both

good and limited visibility conditions

IAC0401 Discuss what is meant by restricted terrain and give examples

IAC0402 Discuss how you would navigate across restricted terrain in both good

and limited visibility conditions

18.5 Exemptions

None

19. 511302002-KM-19: Multi pitch or multi day technical canyoneering experience,

NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided multi

pitch or multi day canyoneering excursion that entertains and informs participants.

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in single pitch canyoneering

excursions will be able to provide safe experiences of good quality thus strengthening the

profession.


KM-19-KT01: Advanced ropework for canyoneering (60%)

KM-19-KT02: Overnighting in canyons (40%)

121


19.2.1. KM-19-KT01: Advanced Ropework for canyoneering (60%)


KT0101 Multi pitch abseils

KT0102 Guideline abseils

KT0103 Deviations and Rebelays

KT0104 Counter-balance abseils


IAC0101 Describe the challenges surrounding multi-pitch abseils with non-

experts and the measures taken to manage them.

IAC0102 Describe the process of establishing, using and dismantling a

guideline abseil (a.k.a. Zip-Line Abseil). Mention any problems which may be

encountered and how to mitigate them.

IAC0103 Explain the use of a deviation and a rebelay and discuss their

applicability in the connect of guided technical canyoneering.

IAC0104 Discuss the application of counter-balance abseils in guided

canyoneering.

19.2.2 KM-19-KT02: Overnighting in canyons (40%)

KT0201 Canyoneering logistics


IAC0201 Explain the challenges canyoneering poses for overnighting.

IAC0202 Discuss the selection of equipment suitable for overnighting on

canyoneering trips.

IAC0203 Describe the risks associated with overnighting in canyons.



122











IAC0101 Describe the challenges surrounding multi-pitch abseils with non-

experts and the measures taken to manage them.

IAC0102 Describe the process of establishing, using and dismantling a

guideline abseil (a.k.a. Zip-Line Abseil). Mention any problems which may be

encountered and how to mitigate them.

IAC0103 Explain the use of a deviation and a rebelay and discuss their

applicability in the connect of guided technical canyoneering.

IAC0104 Discuss the application of counter-balance abseils in guided

canyoneering.

IAC0201 Explain the challenges canyoneering poses for overnighting.

IAC0203 Describe the risks associated with overnighting in canyons.

19.5 Exemptions

None

123

20. 511302002-KM-20: Single pitch non-technical canyoneering excursion, NQF L4 Cr

5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided non-

technical canyoneering excursion that entertains and informs participants.

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in non-technical canyoneering


profession.


KM-20-KT01: The canyoneering environment (10%)

KM-20-KT02: The selection, use and care of non-technical equipment used for

canyoneering (20%)

KM-20-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to canyoneering excursions

(10%)

KM-20-KT04: Leading, organising and managing groups in canyoneering (20%)

KM-20-KT05: Non-technical progression through a canyon (20%)

KM-20-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common canyoneering

emergencies (20%)


20.2.1 KM-20-KT01: The canyoneering environment (10%)


KT0101 The origins and history of canyoneering

KT0102 Terminology used in canyoneering

KT0103 The nature of the canyon environment


124

IAC0101 Describe what canyoneering is, including defining what a canyon is

and the various methods by which progress is made including wading, swimming,

scrambling, jumping, boulder-hopping and abseiling

IAC0102 Discuss the origins of canyoneering as a sport both in South Africa

and abroad.

IAC0103: Discuss the major canyoneering areas in South Africa and their

differences in character paying attention to season, climate and seriousness.

IAC0104 Explain various terminology used in the sport of canyoneering

IAC0105 Describe the character of the typical canyon environment with specific

reference to how it differs from other mountaineering environments.

IAC0106 Describe the hazards faced in the canyon environment and how to

mitigate them

20.2.2. KM-20-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for canyoneering

(20%)


KT0201 Equipment used for thermal protection

KT0202 Equipment used for buoyancy

KT0203 Equipment used to transport other equipment

KT0204 Equipment used in emergencies in canyoneering


IAC0201 Compare the options available for thermal protection in wet canyons

paying attention to their relative advantages and disadvantages.

IAC0202 Discuss the need for additional personal buoyancy in canyoneering

and possible sources of buoyancy as well as the factors influencing the decision-

making surrounding their use.

IAC0203 Discuss the requirements for transporting equipment in canyons and

compare the various items of equipment which may be used to transport other

equipment.

125

20.2.3 KM-20-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to canyoneering

excursions (10%)






prior to commencing a canyoneering trip and explain their purpose.


after completing a canyoneering trip and explain their purpose.

20.2.4 KM-20-KT04: Leading, organising and managing groups in canyoneering (20%)


KT0401 Controlling the progress of the group

KT0402 Group management techniques


IAC0401 Discuss the pros and cons of leading from the front of the group, the

middle and the back respectively.

IAC0402 Discuss strategies available to a guide to control the progress of the

group through the canyon

20.2.5 KM-20-KT05: Non-technical progression through a canyon (20%)


KT0501 Techniques for moving out of water

KT0502 Techniques for moving in water

KT0503 Basic scrambling techniques


126

IAC0501 Describe the technique for rock hoping in a kloof and explain the risks

associated with it.

IAC0502 Describe the technique for scrambling and explain how to protect

participants during this activity.

IAC0503 Compare two techniques of swimming in kloofs, explaining their

differences and applicability given different sets of circumstances.

IAC0504 Describe the correct procedure when requiring members of a group to

jump into water, including how to brief them on posture and what precautions to take.

IAC0505 Explain the correct technique for wading in kloofs and the advantages

and disadvantages of this technique.

20.2.6. KM-20-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common

canyoneering emergencies (20%)


KT0601 Swimming emergencies

KT0602 Environmental emergencies

KT0603 Wildlife injuries

KT0604 The implications of injury in the canyon environment


IAC0601 Describe the types and causes of swimming emergency which may be

encountered in a canyoneering context.

IAC0602 Discuss whether or not it is necessary for canyoneering guides to be

able to swim.

IAC0603 List and describe the measures which may be taken to assist clients

who are poor swimmers.

IAC0604 Explain why rainfall is of high concern to canyoneering participants.

IAC0605 List the environmental injures which may occur in canyoneering and

explain how they may be caused.

IAC0606 List the types of wildlife which may be encountered in the canyon

environment which may cause injury to canyoneers.

127

IAC0607 Explain how and why injuries which occur in a canyoneering context

may have more severe implications than if those same injuries had occurred in other

locations.













IAC0101 Describe what canyoneering is, including defining what a canyon is

and the various methods by which progress is made including wading, swimming,

scrambling, jumping, boulder-hopping and abseiling

IAC0103: Discuss the major canyoneering areas in South Africa and their

differences in character paying attention to season, climate and seriousness.

IAC0104 Explain various terminology used in the sport of canyoneering

IAC0105 Describe the character of the typical canyon environment with specific

reference to how it differs from other mountaineering environments.

IAC0106 Describe the hazards faced in the canyon environment and how to

mitigate them

128

IAC0201 Compare the options available for thermal protection in wet canyons

paying attention to their relative advantages and disadvantages.

IAC0202 Discuss the need for additional personal buoyancy in canyoneering

and possible sources of buoyancy as well as the factors influencing the decision-

making surrounding their use.

IAC0203 Discuss the requirements for transporting equipment in canyons and

compare the various items of equipment which may be used to transport other

equipment.

IAC0401 Discuss the pros and cons of leading from the front of the group, the

middle and the back respectively.

IAC0402 Discuss strategies available to a guide to control the progress of the

group through the canyon

IAC0501 Describe the technique for rock hoping in a kloof and explain the risks

associated with it.

IAC0502 Describe the technique for scrambling and explain how to protect

participants during this activity.

IAC0503 Compare two techniques of swimming in kloofs, explaining their

differences and applicability given different sets of circumstances.

IAC0504 Describe the correct procedure when requiring members of a group to

jump into water, including how to brief them on posture and what precautions to take.

IAC0505 Explain the correct technique for wading in kloofs and the advantages

and disadvantages of this technique.

IAC0601 Describe the types and causes of swimming emergency which may be

encountered in a canyoneering context.

IAC0602 Discuss whether or not it is necessary for canyoneering guides to be

able to swim.

IAC0603 List and describe the measures which may be taken to assist clients

who are poor swimmers.

IAC0604 Explain why rainfall is of high concern to canyoneering participants.

IAC0605 List the environmental injures which may occur in canyoneering and

explain how they may be caused.

129

IAC0606 List the types of wildlife which may be encountered in the canyon

environment which may cause injury to canyoneers.

IAC0607 Explain how and why injuries which occur in a canyoneering context

may have more severe implications than if those same injuries had occurred in other

locations.

20.5 Exemptions

None

21. 511302002-KM-21: Single pitch technical canyoneering excursion NQF L4 Cr 3




pitch technical canyoneering excursion that entertains and informs participants.

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent in single pitch canyoneering


profession.


KM-21-KT01: The selection, use and care of equipment used for technical

canyoneering (20%)

KM-21-KT02: Leading, organising and managing groups in technical canyoneering

(20%)

KM-21-KT03: Technical movement in the canyoneering context (40%)

KM-21-KT04: Prevention, identification and management of common technical



21.2.1. KM-21-KT01: The selection, use and care of equipment used for technical

canyoneering (20%)

130


KT0104 Equipment used to make technical progress down the canyon

KT0105 Equipment used in emergencies in technical canyoneering


IAC0101 Tabulate and describe the equipment which would be used to

negotiate technical terrain with specific reference to abseiling.

IAC0102 Tabulate and describe the use of the equipment which would be used

to manage common technical emergencies in technical canyoneering.

21.2.2 KM-21-KT02: Leading, organising and managing groups in technical

canyoneering (20%)


KT0201 Managing groups and individuals at abseils in canyons


IAC0201 Explain the processes and procedures which apply to group control

when conducting abseils in a canyoneering context.

21.5.3 KM-21-KT03: Technical movement in the canyoneering context (40%)


KT0301 Setting up abseils in kloofs

KT0302 Protecting participants who are abseiling

KT0303 Risk management when abseiling into water or in waterfalls

KT0304 Body belays, rope handrails and lowers


IAC0301 Explain the risks associated with abseiling in wet canyons and the

associated risk-reduction strategies.

IAC0302 Explain the concept of retrievable abseils and their use in

canyoneering.

131

IAC0303 Explain the techniques available to protect abseilers from a loss of

control while abseiling, paying attention to the advantages and disadvantages of

each technique.

IAC0304 Explain the application and limitations of the body belay in

canyoneering

IAC0305 Explain the application and limitations of rope handrails in

canyoneering

IAC0306 Explain the application and limitations of lowers in canyoneering

21.5.4 KM-21-KT04: Prevention, identification and management of common technical



KT0401 The nature, prevention and management of emergencies encountered

in technical canyoneering


IAC0401 List the types of emergencies which may occur when abseiling in

canyons and describe their causes as well as their management.











132



IAC0101 Tabulate and describe the equipment which would be used to

negotiate technical terrain with specific reference to abseiling.

IAC0102 Tabulate and describe the use of the equipment which would be used

to manage common technical emergencies in technical canyoneering.

IAC0201 Explain the processes and procedures which apply to group control

when conducting abseils in a canyoneering context.

IAC0301 Explain the risks associated with abseiling in wet canyons and the

associated risk-reduction strategies.

IAC0302 Explain the concept of retrievable abseils and their use in

canyoneering.

IAC0303 Explain the techniques available to protect abseilers from a loss of

control while abseiling, paying attention to the advantages and disadvantages of

each technique.

IAC0304 Explain the application and limitations of the body belay in

canyoneering

IAC0305 Explain the application and limitations of rope handrails in

canyoneering

IAC0306 Explain the application and limitations of lowers in canyoneering

IAC0401 List the types of emergencies which may occur when abseiling in

canyons and describe their causes as well as their management.

21.5 Exemptions

None

22. 511302002-KM-22: Mountain rescue for adventure guides, NQF L5 Cr 5


133


sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to form part of and manage a

mountain rescue team in the wilderness and mountain environment


KM-22-KT01: Mountain rescue (100%)

22.2. KM-22-KT01: Mountain rescue (100%)

KT0101 Equipment

KT0102 Techniques

KT0103 Management


IAC0101 Discuss the use, care and inspection of mountain rescue equipment

such as pulleys, stretchers, radios, lowering devices and other specialised rescue

equipment

IAC0102 Describe the process of assessing an accident scene and the

considerations which must be taken into account when deciding on an appropriate

course of action.

IAC0102 List the steps for raising a stretcher from the bottom of the cliff to the

top

IAC0103 Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the members of a typical

mountain rescue team.

IAC0104 Discuss the criteria which justify the use of a helicopter to effect a

mountain rescue.

IAC0105 Discuss the process of carrying a casualty cross country on a

stretcher and the considerations for patient care during this process.



134











IAC0101 Discuss the use, care and inspection of mountain rescue equipment

such as pulleys, stretchers, radios, lowering devices and other specialised rescue

equipment

IAC0102 Describe the process of assessing an accident scene and the

considerations which must be taken into account when deciding on an appropriate

course of action.

IAC0102 List the steps for raising a stretcher from the bottom of the cliff to the

top

IAC0103 Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the members of a typical

mountain rescue team.

IAC0104 Discuss the criteria which justify the use of a helicopter to effect a

mountain rescue.

IAC0105 Discuss the process of carrying a casualty cross country on a

stretcher and the considerations for patient care during this process.

22.5 Exemptions

None

135

23. 511302002-KM-23: Mountaineering experience, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe and rewarding

mountaineering experience.


KM-23-KT01: Movement on snow

KM-23-KT02: Mountaineering history

KM-23-KT03: Extreme winter navigation

KM-23-KT04: Winter survival


23.2.1 KM-23-KT01: Movement on snow


KT0101 Environment

KT0102 Equipment

KT0103 Technique

KT0104 Group management


IAC0101 Discuss areas in South Africa where snow climbing takes place and

the conditions which create a favourable environment

IAC0102 Discuss the behaviour of snow from when it falls until when it has

completely melted.

IAC0103 Discuss walking axes, crampons, snow glasses, snow gaiters and

other equipment used for movement through snow

IAC0104 Discuss the various ice axe techniques for walking

IAC0105 Discuss crampon techniques for walking

136

IAC0106 Explain the need for and the process of self-arrest on snow

IAC0107 Discuss the techniques for managing and safeguarding a group

travelling on snow

IAC0108 Explain the process of a crevasse rescue

IAC0109 Discuss the techniques available to protect party members from a fall

and the methods of creating running belays in snowy terrain.

23.2.2. KM-23-KT02: Mountaineering history

KT0201 South African history

KT0202 International history


IAC0201 Discuss key events in South African mountaineering history

IAC0202 Discuss key events in international mountaineering history

23.2.3. KM-23-KT03: Winter navigation

KT0301 Visibility

KT0302 Route finding


IAC0301 Discuss the complexities of navigating in terrain which is covered in

snow

IAC0302 List the effects of snow and ice on progress

23.2.4. KM-24-KT04: Winter survival

KT0401 Environment

KT0402 Shelter


IAC0401 Discuss the risk of avalanche in South African winter mountaineering

137

IAC0402 Discuss the considerations for the construction of a snow hole or snow

cave.

IAC0403 Discuss the risks of being unprepared in snow conditions.

IAC0404 Discuss how snow and cold conditions affect movement and survival

with reference to the effects of sub-zero temperatures.














IAC0101 Discuss areas in South Africa where snow climbing takes place and

the conditions which create a favourable environment

IAC0102 Discuss the behaviour of snow from when it falls until when it has

completely melted.

IAC0103 Discuss walking axes, crampons, snow glasses, snow gaiters and

other equipment used for movement through snow

IAC0104 Discuss the various ice axe techniques for walking

138

IAC0105 Discuss crampon techniques for walking

IAC0106 Explain the need for and the process of self-arrest on snow

IAC0107 Discuss the techniques for managing and safeguarding a group

travelling on snow

IAC0108 Explain the process of a crevasse rescue

IAC0109 Discuss the techniques available to protect party members from a fall

and the methods of creating running belays in snowy terrain.

IAC0301 Discuss the complexities of navigating in terrain which is covered in

snow

IAC0302 List the effects of snow and ice on progress

IAC0401 Discuss the risk of avalanche in South African winter mountaineering

IAC0402 Discuss the considerations for the construction of a snow hole or snow

cave.

IAC0403 Discuss the risks of being unprepared in snow conditions.

IAC0404 Discuss how snow and cold conditions affect movement and survival

with reference to the effects of sub-zero temperatures.

23.5 Exemptions

None

24. 511302002-KM-24: Technical ice climbing experience, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe and rewarding

technical ice climbing experience.


KM-24-KT01: Movement on water-ice

139


24.2.1. KM-24-KT02: Movement on water-ice (100%)

KT0201 Environment

KT0202 Equipment

KT0203 Technique


IAC0201 Discuss areas in South Africa where ice climbing takes place and the

conditions which create a favourable environment

IAC0202 Explain the following terminology: Water ice, chandelier, dinner-plate,

drafting, dry tooling, mixed climbing

IAC0202 Discuss technical axes, crampons, ice screws, goggles, gloves, shell

clothing and other equipment used for movement through snow

IAC0203 Discuss ice climbing technique

IAC0204 Explain how climbers are protected from falling when climbing ice.











140



IAC0201 Discuss areas in South Africa where ice climbing takes place and the

conditions which create a favourable environment

IAC0202 Explain the following terminology: Water ice, chandelier, dinner-plate,

drafting, dry tooling, mixed climbing

IAC0202 Discuss technical axes, crampons, ice screws, goggles, gloves, shell

clothing and other equipment used for movement through snow

IAC0203 Discuss ice climbing technique

IAC0204 Explain how climbers are protected from falling when climbing ice.

24.5 Exemptions

None

25. 511302002-KM-251, Vehicle specifics and safety; and convoy procedures, NQF L3

Cr 5



opportunity to build a sound theoretical understanding of the multiple components of the

basics in your vehicle for the operation as a 4x4 adventure guide in the overland market in

order to adhere to safety elements when driving and guiding with clients in the tourism

industry as well build learners’ understanding on convoy procedures according to the Tourist

Guide Criteria and guideline document.


KM-25-KT01: The basic understanding of the vehicle and its dynamics

KM-25-KT02: Preparation and pre trip inspection

KM-25-KT03: The packing and loading of the vehicle referring to organising elements

of your vehicle, equipment and essentials as a 4x4 guide.

141

KM-25- KT04: Incident/accident procedure for vehicles and passengers.

KM-25-KT05: The basic understanding of convoy procedures.

KM-25-KT06: Preparation and trip planning

KM-25-KT07: Communication while in a convoy

KM -25- KT08: Procedure in case of an incident.


25.2.1. KM-25-KT01: The basic understanding of the vehicle and its dynamics


KT0101 Dynamics of the vehicle, understanding the limits, the service, maintenance,

seating arrangements

KT0102Understanding of the most vulnerable elements of the vehicle

KT0103 Accessories for the vehicle to deliver a professional service.


IAC0101 Describe the dynamics of the vehicle in order to deliver a professional

service and product to tourists (seating capacity, space, packing procedures and

limitations including packing on the roof rack etc.)

IAC0102 Discuss maintenance, service intervals and servicing the vehicle before

going on a safari or tour

IAC0103List and describe the vulnerable elements of the vehicle in order to prevent

possible delay or mechanical failure when on an expedition. (Elements of a vehicle

include fan belts, electrical failure, water pumps, dirty filters, tyre damage, dirty fuel;

failure of suspensions; structural damage due to road conditions, failure of main

lights on the vehicle, loss of keys and the protection of luggage when traveling

through difficult areas.)

IAC0104List and explain the purpose of the vehicle accessories, not limiting your

range. Refer to roof racks, drawer systems, recovery systems, performance

suspensions, charging systems, communication, lights, packing systems and security

systems

142

25.2.2. KM-25-KT02: Preparation and pre-trip inspection


KT0201 Preparation of the vehicle before the trip.

KT0202 Pre-trip inspections to be executed when on the trip

KT0203 Safety checks of vehicle and equipment before trip departure.


IAC0201 Describe the points that needs to be checked before embarking on a trip

and what is the procedure if any point is found to be damaged or not in a working

order, not limiting it to safety elements, fastening the gear, luggage.

IAC0202 List the major inspection points when doing a pre-trip inspection for safe

working operation. List the order of the inspection, internal, external, undercarriage,

electrical and lighting systems, engine bay region as well as the added accessories

to the vehicle.

IAC 0203 Discuss the safety precaution an adventure guide will take and the advice

given to passengers to safeguard luggage, vehicle and equipment on the vehicle.

25.2.3. KM-25-KT03: The packing and organising elements of the vehicle, equipment

and essentials as a 4x4 adventure guide


KT0301 Principles of organising and packing when delivering an overland safari or

tour

KT0302 Equipment for camping when on an overland expedition

KT0303 Equipment for recovery of the vehicle.


IAC0301 Describe the principle of safe packing of the vehicle (weight of equipment,

luggage, food, load distribution across the vehicle base, roof rack packing) and

discuss how to organise the packing to make it safe, accessible and protection

against the weather elements and dust.

IAC0302 Describe the type of equipment that an adventure guide could provide to

the tourists when on an expedition (camping equipment, tents, ground sheets,

gazebos, sleeping equipment, chairs, tables, washing facilities) and discuss

equipment needs for providing meals(cutlery, crockery, pots, pans and utensils).

143

IAC 0303 Discuss power supply equipment (charging batteries, providing power

to fridges, lights and tourists’ equipment).

IAC 0304 Discuss the consequences of poor planning and preparation on the

tour.

IAC 0305 List and discuss the equipment for vehicle recovery that will be needed

for the particular type of vehicle (rated equipment that is needed to recover

successfully and safely, pull straps, bridles, bow shackles, kinetic ropes and safety

lanyards).

25.2.4 KM -25- KT04: Incident/accident procedure for vehicles.

KT0401 Incident or accident procedures covering traffic, passengers

KT0402 Loss of vehicle through theft, loss of operation and or damage.

KT0403 Action to be taken in the case of an international incident.


IAC0401Discuss the immediate action to get patients to hospital

IAC0402 Discuss actions and pre-trip preparations to repatriate patients and/or

vehicles

IAC0403Discuss management of the rest of the group while managing an incident

IAC0404Explain the operating procedures that need to be in place in the event of

unexpected occurrences (driver involved in any incident, accident or victim of crime)

and actions to be taken regarding passenger safety, first aid, traffic management on

scene, appointing a leader to assist with tasks, contacting the authorities, arranging

back up and notifying the tour operator.

25.2.5. KM-25-KT05: The basic understanding of convey procedures.


KT0501 Dynamics of a convoy.

KT0502 Understanding of the most crucial elements of a convoy

KT0503 The accessories to your vehicle to deliver a professional service.


144

IAC0501 Describe the dynamics of a convoy. Points that need to be discussed is

speed, distances, visibility and control points

IAC0502 List and describe the vulnerable elements of a convoy. Points that needed

to be included is ( safety, getting lost, incidents while in the convoy, breakdowns,

radio silence

IAC0503 List and explain the purpose of your vehicle accessories, not limiting your

range. Refer to roof racks, draw system, recovery systems, performance


systems.

25.2.6. KM-25-KT06: Preparation and trip planning


KT0601 The preparation of the convoy route

KT0602 Trip planning to be executed on trip.

KT0603 Safety checks of vehicles and communication.


IAC0601 Describe the preparation that needs to be checked before embarking on a

trip and what is the procedure. ( Route plan, refuelling, activities plan, comfort stops,

refreshment/lunch stops

IAC6202 List the major points that need to be executed while on your trip. (Point of

origin, destination point, GPS coordinates information of sites or interesting places,

historical information.)

IAC 0603 Discuss the safety procedure that needs to be in place before the

departure of the trip

25.2.7. KM-25-KT07: Communication while in a convoy


KT0701 The principle communication and equipment

KT7302 Communication methods while in convoy.

145


IAC0701 Describe the principle of communication whilst leading a convoy. ( Safety

briefing first, points of importance, following distances, using headlights to attract

attention,

IAC0702 Describe the type of communication methods you will use to inform the

convoy.( radio contact, radio protocol and language, indicators, cell phone

communication )

25.2.8 KM -25- KT08: Procedure in case of an incident.


KT0801 Communication procedures

KT0802 Standard operating procedures

KT0803 Discuss the clear up procedures


IAC 0801 Discuss the immediate action in communication ( alert the tour leader,

explain your incident, problem or emergency, notify the vehicle behind you of the

potential danger)

IAC 0802 Discuss the procedures in the incident ( check all passengers are safe, any

immediate danger in the inside, danger on the outside, make yourself visible, place

emergency markers at reasonable distance to warn oncoming traffic, notify

emergency services)

IAC 0803 Discuss your action to repatriate the vehicle to RSA

IAC0804 Discuss the general management of the rest of the group while you are

busy with the above actions

IAC 0805Explain the procedures that needs to be followed in order to clear up the

incident/accident( remove vehicle, get injured people to hospital if necessary, regroup

convoy, explain new plans, get alternative plans in place, continue with convoy)


Physical requirements:

146

• Physical Requirements:











IAC0101 Describe the dynamics of the vehicle in order to deliver a professional

service and product to tourists (seating capacity, space, packing procedures and

limitations including packing on the roof rack etc.)

IAC0103List and describe the vulnerable elements of the vehicle in order to prevent

possible delay or mechanical failure when on an expedition. (Elements of a vehicle

include fan belts, electrical failure, water pumps, dirty filters, tyre damage, dirty fuel;

failure of suspensions; structural damage due to road conditions, failure of main

lights on the vehicle, loss of keys and the protection of luggage when traveling

through difficult areas.)

IAC0104List and explain the purpose of the vehicle accessories, not limiting your

range. Refer to roof racks, drawer systems, recovery systems, performance


systems.

IAC0201 Describe the points that needs to be checked before embarking on a trip

and what is the procedure if any point is found to be damaged or not in a working

order, not limiting it to safety elements, fastening the gear, luggage.

147

IAC 0203 Discuss the safety precaution an adventure guide will take and the advice

given to passengers to safeguard luggage, vehicle and equipment on the vehicle.

IAC0301 Describe the principle of safe packing of the vehicle (weight of equipment,

luggage, food, load distribution across the vehicle base, roof rack packing) and

discuss how to organise the packing to make it safe, accessible and protection

against the weather elements and dust.

IAC0302 Describe the type of equipment that an adventure guide could provide to

the tourists when on an expedition (camping equipment, tents, ground sheets,

gazebos, sleeping equipment, chairs, tables, washing facilities) and discuss

equipment needs for providing meals(cutlery, crockery, pots, pans and utensils).

IAC 0303 Discuss power supply equipment (charging batteries, providing power to

fridges, lights and tourists’ equipment)

IAC 0305 List and discuss the equipment for vehicle recovery that will be needed

for the particular type of vehicle (rated equipment that is needed to recover

successfully and safely, pull straps, bridles, bow shackles, kinetic ropes and safety

lanyards).

IAC0401Discuss the immediate action to get patients to hospital

IAC0403Discuss management of the rest of the group while managing an incident

IAC0404Explain the operating procedures that need to be in place in the event of

unexpected occurrences (driver involved in any incident, accident or victim of crime)

and actions to be taken regarding passenger safety, first aid, traffic management on

scene, appointing a leader to assist with tasks, contacting the authorities, arranging

back up and notifying the tour operator.

IAC0103 List and explain the purpose of your vehicle accessories, not limiting your

range. Refer to roof racks, draw system, recovery systems, performance


systems.

25.5 Exemptions

None

26. 511302002-KM-26: Food and Refreshments, NQF L3 Cr 3

148



opportunity to build a sound theoretical understanding of the importance of food and

refreshments when travelling on an overland expedition.


KM-26-KT01: The basic understanding of planning your meals. (30%)

KM-26-KT02: Understanding the meal policy (30%)

KM-26-KT03: The preparation and presentation of food. (40%)


26.2.1. KM-26-KT01: The basic understanding of planning your meals (30%)


KT0101 Understand your itinerary to plan your breakfast, lunch and dinner meals.

KT0102 Understanding the nutrition and quality value of the food on your trip.

KT0103 Explain the importance of snacks between meals and when you will provide

it.


IAC0101 Describe and list the important aspects that will impact on your meal

plans for your expedition as you travel through certain regions, how that could limit,

undermine or prevent you from delivering great meals.

IAC 0102 Provide a plan to indicate how the roll out of your meals will coincide

with your itinerary

IAC 0103 Describe the food sources you will use and refer to the balance

between protein, fats, starch and vegetables and how you will implement that into

your menu. Show the relevance between breakfast, lunch and dinner.

149

IAC 0104 Provide a plan to how you will implement the use of snacks on your

expedition and what the options could be to serve to your clients.

26.2.2. KM-26-KT02: The basic understanding of the meal policy (30%)


KT0201 Explain the importance of the various dietary requirements of tourist on an

overland expedition.

KT0202 Understand the principle of buying food when on an overland expedition

KT0203. Describe and list the fundamental elements in the hygiene for food on your

expedition.

KT0204. Explain the understanding of cross border movement of food.

KT0205 The importance of protection of food.

Internal Assessment Criteria

IAC 0201 Describe and list the importance of understanding and how to deliver

the various dietary requirement referring to Halaal, Vegan, Vegetarian, Gluten

intolerant etc. tourists.

IAC 0202 Explain the important principles when selecting or sourcing food

outside your country, taking into consideration availability, quality, type of food

sources, type of meat and its origin.

IAC 0203 Provide an explanation that will describe the essence of hygiene of

food and working surfaces referring to preparation, personal hygiene, utensils, water

sources and environments.

IAC 0204 List the rules and regulations as well as the factors that can influence

the movement of food, referring to diseases, limitations and the necessary permits

that might be required.

IAC 0205 Describe the precautions that needs to be taken in order to protect the

food sources and the safe keeping from possible contamination, away from animals,

theft and preventing it from rotting

26.2.3. KM-26-KT03: The preparation and presentation of the food (40%)

150


KT0301 Explain and describe how to prepare your food at your destination.

KT0302 List the possible elements that can negatively influence your preparation of

food.

KT 0303 Explain the importance of a professional table set up.


IAC 0301 Explain steps that will lead up and unto the preparation of meals when

arriving at a site for overnight set-ups

IAC 0302 List the elements that can ruin preparation referring to weather

conditions, wild life, assistance and interference of tourists

IAC 0303 Describe what kind of table set up is acceptable and include a

breakfast, lunch and dinner set up, not limited to various circumstances.













151

IAC0101 Describe and list the important aspects that will impact on your meal

plans for your expedition as you travel through certain regions, how that could limit,

undermine or prevent you from delivering great meals.

IAC 0103 Describe the food sources you will use and refer to the balance

between protein, fats, starch and vegetables and how you will implement that into

your menu. Show the relevance between breakfast, lunch and dinner.

IAC 0202 Explain the important principles when selecting or sourcing food

outside your country, taking into consideration availability, quality, type of food

sources, type of meat and its origin.

IAC 0203 Provide an explanation that will describe the essence of hygiene of

food and working surfaces referring to preparation, personal hygiene, utensils, water

sources and environments.

IAC 0204 List the rules and regulations as well as the factors that can influence

the movement of food, referring to diseases, limitations and the necessary permits

that might be required.

IAC 0205 Describe the precautions that needs to be taken in order to protect the

food sources and the safe keeping from possible contamination, away from animals,

theft and preventing it from rotting

IAC 0301 Explain steps that will lead up and unto the preparation of meals when

arriving at a site for overnight set-ups

IAC 0302 List the elements that can ruin preparation referring to weather

conditions, wild life, assistance and interference of tourists

26. 5 Exemptions

None

27. 511302002-KM-27: Expedition paddling experience, NQF L4 Cr5


152


sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely guide a multi-day

expedition paddling experience on rivers, the ocean and flat water.


KM-27-KT01: The expedition paddling environment (10%)

KM-27-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for expedition

paddling experiences (10%)

KM-27-KT03: Planning and preparing for an expedition paddling experience

(20%)

KM-27-KT04: Preparing the group for the expedition paddling experience

(20%)

KM-27-KT05: Conducting the expedition paddling experience (40%)


27.2.1 KM-27-KT01: The expedition paddling environment (10%)


KT0101 Paddling expeditions


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by expedition paddling and how this differs

from single day paddling experiences

IAC0102 Describe the additional hazards faced on an expedition paddling

experience as opposed to a single day paddling experience

27.2.2. KM-27-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for expedition



KT0201 Equipment requirements

KT0202 Craft selection

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment

153

KT0204 Safety and rescue equipment


IAC0301 Discuss the additional clothing and equipment required for an

expedition paddling experience

IAC0302 Discuss how an expedition paddling experience may influence the

choice of craft as opposed to that used for single day paddling experiences

IAC0303 Discuss auxiliary equipment required for an expedition paddling

experience (camping equipment, catering equipment, navigation equipment)

IAC0304 Discuss any difference in the safety and rescue equipment you would

take along on an expedition paddling experience as opposed to a single day paddling

experience.

27.2.3. KM-27-KT03: Planning and preparing for an expedition paddling experience

(20%)


KT0301 Expedition specific planning


IAC0301 Discuss how trip planning for an expedition paddling experience may

differ from trip planning for a single day paddling experience

IAC0302 Discuss any specific equipment differences that a guide must keep in

mind when preparing for an expedition paddling experience as opposed to a single

day paddling experience

27.2.4. KM-27-KT04: Preparing the group for an expedition paddling experience


KT0401 Equipment and packing

KT0402 Briefings

KT0403 Screening participants

154


IAC0401 Discuss the personal equipment and packing needs of clients on an

expedition paddling experience and how to advise them correctly

IAC0402 Discuss what should be included in a client pre-trip and safety briefing

and how to deliver this briefing to the clients with specific reference of how this would

differ from a client briefing for a single day paddling experience

IAC0403 Discuss how you would screen participants for taking part in an

expedition paddling experience, the difficulties associated with this process and how

to deal with it

27.2.5. KM-27-KT05: Conducting the expedition paddling experience (40%)


KT0501 Leading, organising and managing groups while expedition paddling

KT0502 Expedition paddling navigation


IAC0501 Discuss guide to client ratios for expedition paddling

IAC0502 Discuss specific group management problems that may occur in the

expedition paddling environment and how to mitigate them









155









IAC0301 Discuss the additional clothing and equipment required for an

expedition paddling experience

IAC0302 Discuss how an expedition paddling experience may influence the

choice of craft as opposed to that used for single day paddling experiences

IAC0303 Discuss auxiliary equipment required for an expedition paddling

experience (camping equipment, catering equipment, navigation equipment)

IAC0304 Discuss any difference in the safety and rescue equipment you would

take along on an expedition paddling experience as opposed to a single day paddling

experience.











156



to deal with it


expedition paddling environment and how to mitigate them

27.5 Exemptions

None

28. 511302002-KM-28: Flatwater Trip Leader Restricted, NQF L3 Cr 3



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely guide a single day flat

water paddling experience on sheltered inland waters.


KM-28-KT01: The flat water environment (5%)

KM-28-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for flat water paddling

experiences (10%)

KM-28-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to flat water paddling

experiences (5%)

KM-28-KT04: Planning and preparing for a flat water paddling experience (10%)

KM-28-KT05: Preparing the group for the flat water paddling experience (10%)

KM-28-KT06: Conducting the flat water paddling experience (20%)

KM-28-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common flat water

paddling emergencies (30%)

KM-28-KT08 Dealing with Emergency Situations and Incidents on a flat water

paddling trip (10%)


28.2.1 KM-28-KT01: The flat water environment (5%)

157


KT0101 The origins and history of paddling in South Africa and abroad

KT0102 Terminology used in flat water paddling

KT0103 Flat water features and hazards

KT0104 Flat water classification


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by flat water paddling as opposed to swift

water or ocean paddling

IAC0102 Discuss the flat water paddling industry in South Africa including rules

and regulations, industry associations and international federations

IAC0103 Discuss the classification of flat water with reference to sheltered and

open waters

IAC0104 Explain various terms used in flat water paddling

IAC0105 Describe the features and hazards faced in the flat water paddling

environment and how to mitigate them including the effect of wind, waves & weather,

other water craft, estuaries and tides, dark waters, launching and landing hazards,

wildlife, fog and mist

28.2.2. KM-28-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for flat water



KT0201 Clothing for flat water paddling experiences

KT0202 Craft selection (canoe, sit-on-top, sit-inside)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (paddles, dry bags, spray decks, personal gear

such as sunblock, hat etc.)

KT0204 Safety and rescue equipment (communication devices, PFD’s, throw

bags, tow lines)

KT0205 Care and maintenance of equipment


158

IAC0201 Discuss the importance of choosing appropriate clothing for the

conditions and the consequences of making the wrong choice

IAC0202 Discuss different types of craft, their features and craft selection

IAC0203 Discuss personal floatation devices (PFD’s), their features, selection,

use and limitations

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles, their construction and blade

shapes

IAC0205 Discuss throw bags and tow lines including their use and limitations

IAC0206 Discuss care, maintenance and repair of common craft types

28.2.3 KM-28-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to flat water paddling

experiences (5%)






prior to commencing the flat water paddling experience and explain their purpose


after completing the flat water paddling experience and explain their purpose

28.2.4. KM-28-KT04: Planning and preparing for a flat water paddling experience (10%)


KT0401 Planning, organising and managing logistics for a flat water paddling

experience (SOP, EOP, debrief etc.)

KT0402 Use of standard operating procedures (SOP) and emergency

operating procedures (EOP)


159

IAC0401 Discuss the various documents that typically make up an SOP

IAC0402 Discuss the importance of an accurate trip list, what client information

it should contain and how this relates to accident prevention during the trip

IAC0403 Discuss the importance of the Indemnity Form & Waiver

IAC0404 Discuss the use of weather, tides, wind and other relevant information

in trip planning and in altering an itinerary or route

IAC0405 Discuss SOP’s and Emergency operating procedures (EOP’s), their

use and function

28.2.5. KM-28-KT05: Preparing the group for the flat water paddling experience (10%)



KT0502 Briefings


IAC0501 Discuss the personal equipment and packing needs of clients on a flat

water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly


and how to deliver this briefing effectively to the client

28.2.6 KM-28-KT06: Conducting the flat water paddling experience (20%)


KT0601 Guide attributes

KT0602 Instruct clients in basic paddling skills

KT0603 Paddling techniques and water skills

KT0604 Leading, organising and managing groups while flat water paddling

KT0605 Flat water navigation


IAC0601 Discuss the attributes of the professional guide – appearance,

attitude, leadership styles, knowledge, skill and experience

160

IAC0602 Discuss the theoretical concepts of flat water paddling

IAC0603 Discuss different paddling strokes and why it is important for clients to

know them

IAC0604 Discuss the paddling skills and techniques required by the guide

IAC0605 Discuss a “capsize drill” and what you would teach your clients

IAC0606 Discuss paddle and other signals used for communication while

paddling

IAC0607 Discuss the role of the “lead boat” and “sweep boat”

IAC0608 Discuss guide to client ratios

IAC0609 Discuss leadership styles including different approaches and when

they are appropriate

28.2.7. KM-28-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common flat

water paddling emergencies (30%)


KT0701 Identification of flat water hazards

KT0702 Assessment of Risk on a flat water paddling trip

KT0703 Communication

KT0704 Prevention of common flat water paddling emergencies

KT0705 Basic flat water rescue techniques


IAC701 Discuss how risk is assessed by the Trip Leader and guide

team on a flat water paddling trip including actual versus perceived risk

IAC0702 Discuss communication within the guide team and with the client

group

IAC0703 Discuss common flat water paddling emergencies and how they can

be prevented

IAC0704 Discuss the use and options for communication equipment on a swift

water paddling trip

161

IAC0705 Discuss other water users, local land owners and outside help and

their role in preventing accidents

IAC0706 Discuss early warning signs and the Domino Effect in preventing

accidents on a flat water paddling trip

IAC0707 Discuss basic flat water rescue equipment and techniques including

rope work, knots, karabiners, throw bags, tow ropes

IAC0708 Discuss capsized boats and techniques to deal with it with specific

reference to sit-inside and open canoes that have been submerged or flooded

IAC0709 Discuss techniques for getting a paddler out of the water and back

onto a boat

IAC0710 Discuss the effect of changing weather and specifically wind on the

paddling experience and the associated hazards

IAC0711 Discuss towing of an empty and occupied boat with reference to why

you might tow a boat and how you would do it

28.2.8. KM-28-KT08: Dealing with Emergency Situations and Incidents on a flat water

paddling trip (10%)


KT0801 Efficient management of an emergency situation in a flat water context

KT0802 Search and Rescue procedures in a flat water context

Internal Assessment criteria and weight

IAC0801 Discuss resources and restraints and reaction times in managing and

emergency

IAC0802 Discuss the Priorities of Rescue – Rescuer, group, victim, equipment;

“RETHROG”

IAC0803 Discuss the principles of ACPA – assess, communication, plan, act;

low to high risk rescues

IAC0804 Discuss the roles within the incident management team

162

IAC0805 Discuss the importance of using the basic skills of the guide team

effectively

IAC0806 Discuss the importance of effective communication within the guide

team and with the client group

IAC0807 Discus CASEVAC principles(Casualty Evacuation)

IAC0808 Discuss the importance of practice and experience and their role in

developing competence

28.2.9. KM-28-KT09: Identification, prevention and management of specific medical

emergencies on flat water paddling trips (10%)

Topic Elements to be covered include:

KT0901 Near drowning

KT0902 Hyperthermia

KT0903 Heat exhaustion and Hypothermia


IAC0901 Discuss near drowning, its causes, symptoms, treatment and the need

for evacuation

IAC0902 Discuss sunstroke and Hyperthermia, causes, symptoms and

treatment

IAC0903 Discuss Hypothermia, causes, symptoms and treatment








163






IAC0103 Discuss the classification of flat water with reference to sheltered and

open waters

IAC0105 Describe the features and hazards faced in the flat water paddling

environment and how to mitigate them including the effect of wind, waves & weather,

other water craft, estuaries and tides, dark waters, launching and landing hazards,

wildlife, fog and mist

IAC0201 Discuss the importance of choosing appropriate clothing for the

conditions and the consequences of making the wrong choice



use and limitations

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles, their construction and blade

shapes


IAC0206 Discuss care, maintenance and repair of common craft types


IAC0404 Discuss the use of weather, tides, wind and other relevant information

in trip planning and in altering an itinerary or route

IAC0405 Discuss SOP’s and Emergency operating procedures (EOP’s), their

use and function

IAC0501 Discuss the personal equipment and packing needs of clients on a flat

water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly

164


and how to deliver this briefing effectively to the client

IAC0602 Discuss the theoretical concepts of flat water paddling


know them

IAC0604 Discuss the paddling skills and techniques required by the guide



paddling


IAC701 Discuss how risk is assessed by the Trip Leader and guide team on a

flat water paddling trip including actual versus perceived risk

IAC0703 Discuss common flat water paddling emergencies and how they can

be prevented


accidents on a flat water paddling trip

IAC0707 Discuss basic flat water rescue equipment and techniques including

rope work, knots, karabiners, throw bags, tow ropes


reference to sit-inside and open canoes that have been submerged or flooded


onto a boat






emergency


“RETHROG”

165


low to high risk rescues



effectively




for evacuation


treatment


28.5 Exemptions

None

29. 511302002-KM-29: Open water paddling experience, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely guide an open water

paddling experience on moderate inland waters.


KM-29-KT01: The open water environment (10%)

KM-29-KT02: Planning and preparing for an open water paddling experience (10%)

KM-29-KT03: Preparing the group for the open water paddling experience (10%)

KM-29-KT04: Conducting the open water paddling experience (30%)

KM-29-KT05: Prevention, identification and management of common open water


166


29.2.1 KM-29-KT01: The open water environment (10%)


KT0101 Open water classification

KT0102 Open water features and hazards


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by open water paddling with reference to

protected/sheltered and unprotected/moderate waters

IAC0102 Describe the hazards faced in the open water paddling environment

and how to mitigate them and how this differs from hazards in the protected water

environment

29.2.2. KM-29-KT02: Planning and preparing for an open water paddling experience

(10%)


KT0201 Open water specific planning


IAC0201 Discuss how trip planning for an open water experience may differ

from trip planning for a paddling experience on protected water


mind when preparing for an open water experience as opposed to a paddling

experience on protected water

29.2.3. KM-29-KT03: Preparing the group for the open water paddling experience

(10%)


167


KT0302 Briefings




open water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly



differ from a client briefing for a paddling experience on protected water

IAC0303 Discuss how you would screen participants for taking part in an open

water paddling experience, the difficulties associated with this process and how to

deal with it

29.2.4. KM-29-KT04: Conducting the open water paddling experience (30%)



KT0402 Leading, organising and managing groups while open paddling

KT0403 Open water navigation


IAC0401 Discuss guide to client ratios for open water paddling


open water paddling environment and how to mitigate them


open water paddling emergencies (40%)


KT0501 Identification of open water hazards

KT0502 Prevention of common open water paddling emergencies

KT0503 Basic open water rescue techniques

KT0504 Managing search and rescue

168


IAC0501 Discuss open water features and hazards

IAC0502 Discuss how you would prevent common open water paddling

emergencies


reference to sit-inside and open boats that have been submerged or flooded

IAC0504 Discuss search techniques on open water

IAC0504 Discuss rescue techniques (getting a paddler out of the water and

back onto a boat)













IAC0102 Describe the hazards faced in the open water paddling environment

and how to mitigate them and how this differs from hazards in the protected water

environment

169

IAC0201 Discuss how trip planning for an open water experience may differ

from trip planning for a paddling experience on protected water


mind when preparing for an open water experience as opposed to a paddling

experience on protected water


open water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly



differ from a client briefing for a paddling experience on protected water

IAC0303 Discuss how you would screen participants for taking part in an open

water paddling experience, the difficulties associated with this process and how to

deal with it

IAC0701 Discuss open water features and hazards

IAC0702 Discuss how you would prevent common open water paddling

emergencies


reference to sit-inside and open boats that have been submerged or flooded

IAC0704 Discuss search techniques on open water

IAC0704 Discuss rescue techniques (getting a paddler out of the water and

back onto a boat)

29.5 Exemptions

None

30. 511302002-KM-30: Ocean Paddling Trip Leader Restricted, NQF L4 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely guide a single day ocean

paddling experience on sheltered coastal water (tidal/sea).

170


KM-30-KT01: The ocean paddling environment (10%)

KM-30-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for ocean paddling

experiences (5%)

KM-30-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to ocean paddling experiences

(5%)

KM-30-KT04: Planning and preparing for an ocean paddling experience (10%)

KM-30-KT05: Preparing the group for the ocean paddling experience (10%)

KM-30-KT06: Conducting the ocean paddling experience (20%)

KM-30-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common ocean


KM-30-KT08 Dealing with Emergency Situations and Incidents on an ocean paddling

trip (10%)


30.2.1 KM-30-KT01: The ocean paddling environment (10%)


KT0101 The origins and history of ocean paddling in South Africa and abroad

KT0102 Terminology used in ocean paddling

KT0103 Ocean features and hazards

KT0104 Water and trip classification


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by ocean paddling as opposed to flat water

and swift water paddling

IAC0102 Discuss the ocean paddling industry in South Africa including rules

and regulations, industry associations and international federations

IAC0103 Discuss the classification of ocean paddling experiences with

reference to sheltered and moderate tidal waters

171

IAC0104 Explain various terminology used in ocean paddling

IAC0105 Describe the features and hazards faced in the ocean paddling

environment and how to mitigate them including surf, swell, rocks, reefs, tidal action,

current including rip currents, wave features – tube, shoal, reef, crest, lip, curl,

Clapotis Underflow currents and wind effect - orbital motion, weather, wind

Onshore/Offshore, fog

30.2.2. KM-30-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for ocean



KT0201 Clothing for ocean paddling experiences

KT0202 Craft selection (canoe, inflatable, sit-on-top, sit-inside)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (paddles, pumps, oars, dry bags, spray decks)

KT0204 Safety and rescue equipment (communication devices, PFD’s,

helmets, throw bags, tow lines)


IAC0201 Discuss the importance of choosing the appropriate clothing for the

conditions and the possible consequences of making the wrong choice



use and limitations

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles including selection of, their

construction and blade shapes


IAC0206 Discuss the use of helmets in ocean paddling and where it may be

useful/needed

30.2.3 KM-30-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to ocean paddling

experiences (5%)


172





prior to commencing the ocean paddling experience and explain their purpose (50%)


after completing the ocean paddling experience and explain their purpose (50%)

30.2.4. KM-30-KT04: Planning and preparing for an ocean paddling experience (10%)


KT0401 Planning, organising and managing logistics for an ocean paddling





IAC0401 Discuss the use of weather, tides and other relevant information in trip

planning

IAC0402 Discuss SOP’s and Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP), their

use and function

30.2.5. KM-30-KT05: Preparing the group for the ocean paddling experience (10%)



KT0502 Briefings



ocean paddling experience and how to advise them correctly

173


and how to deliver this briefing effectively to the clients

30.2.6. KM-30-KT06: Conducting the ocean paddling experience (20%)



KT0602 Launching and landing



KT0605 Leading, organising and managing groups while ocean paddling


IAC0601 Discuss various options for launching and landing sites and

techniques (beach, surf, jetty, harbour etc.) as well as emergency landings and group

launch and landings



IAC 0603 Discuss different paddling strokes and why it is important for clients to

know them



paddling


IAC0607 Discuss guide to client ratios and guide to boat ratios

IAC0608 Discuss leadership styles including different approaches and when

they are appropriate


ocean paddling emergencies (30%)


174

KT0701 Identification of flat water hazards

KT0702 Assessment of risk on an ocean paddling trip


KT0704 Prevention of common ocean paddling emergencies

KT0705 Basic ocean rescue techniques



team on a flat water paddling trip including actual vs perceived risk


group

IAC0703 Discuss common ocean paddling emergencies and how they can be

prevented


group


water paddling trip




accidents on an ocean paddling trip

IAC0708 Discuss basic ocean paddling rescue equipment and techniques

including rope work, knots, karabiners, throw bags, tow ropes


reference to sit-inside kayaks that have been submerged or flooded


onto a boat including victim behaviour and management





175

30.2.8. KM-30-KT08: Dealing with Emergency Situations and Incidents on an ocean

paddling trip (10%)


KT0801 Efficient management of an emergency situation in an ocean paddling

context

KT0802 Search and Rescue procedures in an ocean paddling context



emergency


RETHROG


Low to high risk rescues


IAC0805 Discuss the importance of using the basic skills of the guide team and

client group effectively

30.2.9. KM-30-KT09: Identification, prevention and management of specific

medical emergencies on flat water paddling trips



KT0902 Hyperthermia




for evacuation

176


treatment














IAC0103 Discuss the classification of ocean paddling experiences with

reference to sheltered and moderate tidal waters

IAC0105 Describe the features and hazards faced in the ocean paddling

environment and how to mitigate them including surf, swell, rocks, reefs, tidal action,

current including rip currents, wave features – tube, shoal, reef, crest, lip, curl,

Clapotis Underflow currents and wind effect - orbital motion, weather, wind

Onshore/Offshore, fog




177


use and limitations

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles including selection of, their

construction and blade shapes


IAC0206 Discuss the use of helmets in ocean paddling and where it may be

useful/needed

IAC0401 Discuss the use of weather, tides and other relevant information in trip

planning

IAC0402 Discuss SOP’s and Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP), their

use and function


ocean paddling experience and how to advise them correctly

IAC0601 Discuss various options for launching and landing sites and

techniques (beach, surf, jetty, harbour etc.) as well as emergency landings and group

launch and landings

IAC 0603 Discuss different paddling strokes and why it is important for clients to

know them



paddling



team on a flat water paddling trip including actual vs perceived risk

IAC0703 Discuss common ocean paddling emergencies and how they can be

prevented


water paddling trip


accidents on an ocean paddling trip

178

IAC0708 Discuss basic ocean paddling rescue equipment and techniques

including rope work, knots, karabiners, throw bags, tow ropes


reference to sit-inside kayaks that have been submerged or flooded


onto a boat including victim behaviour and management






RETHROG




for evacuation


treatment


30.5 Exemptions

None

31. 511302002-KM-31:Swiftwater assistant guide, NQF L4 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to assist a swift water trip leader in

conducting a safe guided swift water river paddling experience.

179

Qualifying learners who have been deemed competent as a swift water assistant guide will

be able to function in a swift water guide team, under the supervision of a swift water trip

leader, to provide safe experiences of good quality thus strengthening the profession.

The learning will enable learners to demonstrate a basic understanding of:

KM-31-KT01: The swift water river environment (20%)

KM-31-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for swift water


KM-31-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to swift water paddling

experience (5%)

KM-31-KT04: Planning and preparing for a swift water experience (5%)

KM-31-KT05: Preparing the group for the swift water paddling experience (5%)

KM-31-KT06: Conducting the swift water paddling experience (10%)

KM-31-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common swift water



31.2.1 KM-31-KT01: The swift water river environment (20%)


KT0101 An overview of commercial paddling sector in South Africa and abroad

KT0102 Terminology used in swift water paddling

KT0103 Basic paddle signals

KT0104 Swift water features and hazards

KT0105 River classification


IAC0101 Describe what is meant by swift water paddling and how it differs from

flat water paddling

IAC0102 Discuss the swift water paddling industry in South Africa including

rules and regulations, industry associations and international federations

180

IAC0103 Discuss the international classification of rivers and how it is used to

grade rapids and river routes

IAC0104 Explain the various terms used in swift water paddling

IAC0105 Discuss basic paddle signals, their use and importance

IAC0106 Discuss river features and hazards including strainers, recirculating

holes, siphons, waterfalls, waves, stopper waves, weir action, weirs and man-made

hazards etc.

IAC0107 Discuss the effect of changing water levels on features and hazards

IAC0108 List the environmental factors which may impact on the features and

hazards of a river route and how this can impact on the trip

31.2.2. KM-31-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for swift water



KT0201 Clothing for swift water paddling experiences

KT0202 Craft selection (canoe, inflatable, sit-on-top, sit-inside, etc.)

KT0203 Auxiliary equipment (paddles, pumps, oars, dry bags, spray decks,

etc.)

KT0204 Safety and rescue equipment (communication devices, PFD’s,

helmets, rope work equipment, throw bags, tow lines)

KT0205 Correct use, care, maintenance and repair of the common craft types

used in the South African commercial paddling sector




IAC0202 Discuss different types of craft, their features, limitations, use and craft

selection

IAC0203 Discuss personal floatation devices (PFD’s), their features, limitations,

use and selection

181

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles and oars including features,

limitations, use and selection

IAC0205 Broadly discuss throw bags and tow lines including their features, use

and limitations

IAC0206 Broadly discuss helmets in swift water paddling, their features, use

and selection

IAC0207 Broadly discuss swift water rescue equipment including ropes,

karabiners, tow ropes, slings and prussic cords etc.

IAC0208 Broadly discuss the care and maintenance of swift water rescue

equipment and the importance of a ‘rescue bag’ on the trip

IAC0209 Broadly discuss the First Aid kit, how it should be organised and

packed and its maintenance

IAC0208 Broadly discuss care and maintenance of inflatables, fibreglass and

any other relevant craft types and the importance of a repair and maintenance plan

IAC0209 Broadly discuss the repair techniques for inflatable, fibreglass and any

other relevant craft types used in the South African commercial paddling sector

31.2.3 KM-31-KT03: The administrative procedures relevant to a swift water paddling

experience (5%)






prior to commencing the swift water paddling experience and explain their purpose


after completing the swift water paddling experience and explain their purpose

31.2.4. KM-31-KT04: Planning and preparing for a swift water experience (5%)


182

KT0401 Assist with planning, organising and managing logistics for a swift

water paddling experience (confirming arrangements, shopping, packing, prepping,

transport etc.)




IAC0401 Discuss the importance of the working as a team as well as working

efficiently and effectively

IAC0402 Broadly discuss the various logistical elements that may be involved in

running a swift water paddling trip

IAC0403 Broadly discuss the use of weather, river flow and other relevant

information in route planning

IAC0404 Broadly discuss SOP’s and EOP’s, their use and function

31.2.5. KM-31-KT05: Preparing the group for the swift water paddling experience (5%)



KT0502 Briefings


IAC0501 Discuss the personal equipment and packing needs of clients on a

swift water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly

IAC0502 Broadly discuss what should be included in a client pre-trip and safety

briefing and how to deliver this briefing to the clients

31.2.6. KM-31-KT06: Conducting the swift water paddling experience (5%)




KT0603 Paddling techniques and river skills

183

KT0604 Roles of the guide team in organising and managing groups while

swift water paddling





know them

IAC0603 Discuss a “flip drill” and what you would teach your clients including

the safe swimming position

IAC0604 Discuss the paddling skills that a river guide should possess including

basic paddling strokes, breaking in and out of eddies, eddy-hopping and ferry gliding

IAC0605 Discuss wading techniques


IAC0607 Discuss guide to client ratios and minimum guide numbers

IAC0608 Broadly discuss leadership styles including different approaches and

when they are appropriate

31.2.7. KM-31-KT07: Identification, prevention and management of common

swift water paddling emergencies (10%)


KT0701 Identification of common swift water paddling emergencies

KT0702 Prevention of common swift water paddling emergencies

KT0703 Basic swift water rescue techniques


IAC0701 List the most common swift water paddling emergencies, their causes

and how they occur

IAC0703 Discuss how common swift water paddling emergencies can be

prevented

184

IAC0704 Discuss basic river safety techniques including running rapids safely

using boat and bank based scouting, guide team positioning, paddle signals, boat

spacing etc.

IAC0705 Broadly discuss basic swift water rescue techniques including

throwbagging, mechanical advantage systems, rope work, knots etc.

IAC0705 Broadly discuss entrapment and techniques to deal with it

IAC0706 Broadly discuss boat wraps and techniques to deal with it

IAC0707 Broadly discuss weir rescue techniques

31.2.8. KM-31-KT08: Identification, prevention and management of specific

medical emergencies on swift water paddling trips (50%)

Topic Elements to be covered include:


KT0802 Hyperthermia




for evacuation

IAC0802 Discuss Hyperthermia and Hypothermia, causes, symptoms and

treatment

IAC0803 Discuss how dangerous animals and associated risks can interfere

with a trip or trip planning







185







IAC0101 Describe what is meant by swift water paddling and how it differs from

flat water paddling

IAC0103 Discuss the international classification of rivers and how it is used to

grade rapids and river routes

IAC0105 Discuss basic paddle signals, their use and importance

IAC0106 Discuss river features and hazards including strainers, recirculating

holes, siphons, waterfalls, waves, stopper waves, weir action, weirs and man-made

hazards etc.

IAC0107 Discuss the effect of changing water levels on features and hazards

IAC0108 List the environmental factors which may impact on the features and

hazards of a river route and how this can impact on the trip



IAC0202 Discuss different types of craft, their features, limitations, use and craft

selection

IAC0203 Discuss personal floatation devices (PFD’s), their features, limitations,

use and selection

IAC0204 Discuss different types of paddles and oars including features,

limitations, use and selection

IAC0205 Broadly discuss throw bags and tow lines including their features, use

and limitations

186

IAC0206 Broadly discuss helmets in swift water paddling, their features, use

and selection

IAC0207 Broadly discuss swift water rescue equipment including ropes,

karabiners, tow ropes, slings and prussic cords etc.

IAC0208 Broadly discuss the care and maintenance of swift water rescue

equipment and the importance of a ‘rescue bag’ on the trip

IAC0209 Broadly discuss the First Aid kit, how it should be organised and

packed and its maintenance

IAC0208 Broadly discuss care and maintenance of inflatables, fibreglass and

any other relevant craft types and the importance of a repair and maintenance plan

IAC0209 Broadly discuss the repair techniques for inflatable, fibreglass and any

other relevant craft types used in the South African commercial paddling sector

IAC0501 Discuss the personal equipment and packing needs of clients on a

swift water paddling experience and how to advise them correctly


know them










IAC0701 List the most common swift water paddling emergencies, their causes

and how they occur

IAC0703 Discuss how common swift water paddling emergencies can be

prevented

187

IAC0704 Discuss basic river safety techniques including running rapids safely

using boat and bank based scouting, guide team positioning, paddle signals, boat

spacing etc.

IAC0705 Broadly discuss basic swift water rescue techniques including

throwbagging, mechanical advantage systems, rope work, knots etc.

IAC0705 Broadly discuss entrapment and techniques to deal with it

IAC0706 Broadly discuss boat wraps and techniques to deal with it

IAC0707 Broadly discuss weir rescue techniques


for evacuation

IAC0802 Discuss Hyperthermia and Hypothermia, causes, symptoms and

treatment

IAC0803 Discuss how dangerous animals and associated risks can interfere

with a trip or trip planning

31.5 Exemptions

None

32. 511302002-KM-32: Swift water trip leader – restricted, NQF L4 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to conduct a safe guided swift

water paddling experience on up to and including class 3 water.

The learning will enable learners to demonstrate an advanced understanding of:

KM-32-KT01: The river environment (10%)

KM-32-KT02: The roles and responsibilities of the Trip Leader (10%)

KM-32-KT03: Planning and preparing for a guided swift water paddling experience

(10%)

188

KM-32-KT04: The administrative procedures relevant to swift water paddling

experience (10%)

KM-32-KT05: Preparing the group for the swift water paddling experience (10%)

KM-32-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while on a swift water

paddling experience (10%)

KM-32-KT07: Prevention, identification and management of common swift water



32.2.1 KM-32-KT01: The river environment (10%)


KT0101 Effects of changing conditions on features and hazards

KT0102 Route knowledge


IAC0101 Discuss in detail the environmental factors which may impact on the

features and hazards of a river route, how this can impact on the trip and how to

mitigate them using the guide team

IAC0102 Discuss in detail the importance of knowledge of the river route

including evacuation points and emergency exit routes

32.2.2. KM-32-KT02: The roles and responsibilities of the Trip Leader (10%)


KT0201 Levels of competence

KT0202 Role and responsibilities of Trip Leader

KT0203 Trip Leader styles and skills


IAC0201 Discuss in detail levels of competence – unconsciously incompetent

through to consciously competent and how this relates to both clients and the guide

team

189

IAC0202 Discuss in detail the role and responsibilities of the Trip Leader in

relation to the rest of the guide team

IAC0203 Discuss in detail the various leadership styles and when their use is

appropriate

IAC0204 Discuss in details the skills a Trip Leader is required to have in order

to effectively lead and motivate a group of clients as well as their guide team

32.2.3. KM-32-KT03: Planning and preparing for a guided swift water paddling

experience (10%)


KT0301 Planning, organising and managing logistics for a swift water paddling









IAC0304 Discuss the use of weather, river flow and other relevant information in

trip planning and in altering an itinerary or route

IAC0305 Discuss SOP’s and EOP’s, their use and function

IACO306 Discuss the importance of critically engaging with the SOP and giving

feedback on it to the operator in advance of the trip if possible

IAC0307 Discuss the various element of an SOP – shopping, catering, transport

arrangements, accommodation etc.

IAC0308 Discuss the Trip Report, its use and function

IAC0409 Discuss in detail the Incident Report, its use and function

190

32.2.4. KM-32-KT04: The administrative procedures relevant to a swift water paddling

experience (10%)





IAC0401 Discuss in detail the various administrative processes which must be

completed prior to commencing the swift water paddling experience and explain their

purpose

IAC0402 Discuss in detail the various administrative processes which must be

completed after completing the swift water paddling experience and explain their

purpose

32.2.5. KM-32-KT05: Preparing the group for the swift water paddling experience

(10%)


KT0501 Screening clients

KT0502 Briefings


IAC0501 Discuss the need for screening clients and how to accomplish this

appropriately

IAC0502 Discuss how to manage a situation involving a client judged not to be

a good fit with a specific swift water experience

IAC0502 Discuss in detail what should be included in a client pre-trip and safety

briefing and how to deliver this briefing to the clients effectively including dealing with

specific client needs and requirements

191

32.2.6. KM-32-KT06: Leading, organising and managing groups while on a swift water

paddling experience (10%)


KT0601 Discuss in detail running rapids using bank based and boat based

scouting

KT0602 Discuss in detail the different approaches to running rapids and when

they are appropriate including guide team positioning, boat spacing, paddle signals

etc.


IAC0601 Discuss boat based scouting in detail

IAC0602 Discus bank based scouting in detail

IAC0603 Discuss the various methods of running rapids including the use of

guide team positioning, boat spacing, paddle signals, rescue set up etc.


swift water paddling emergencies (40%)


KT0701 Identification of river hazards

KT0702 Assessment of Risk on a swift water paddling trip


KT0704 Prevention of common swift water paddling emergencies

KT0705 Advanced swift water rescue techniques


IAC0701 Discuss in detail river features and hazards including strainers,

recirculating holes, siphons, waterfalls, waves, stopper waves, weir action, weirs and

man-made hazards

IAC0702 Discuss in detail the effect of changing water levels on features and

hazards

192

IAC0703 Discuss how risk is assessed by the Trip Leader and guide team on a

swift water paddling trip including actual vs. perceived risk


group


water paddling trip




accidents on a swift water paddling trip

IAC0708 Discuss advanced river rescue equipment and techniques including

rope work, knots

IAC0709 Discuss in detail how to manage entrapments and pinnings using

advanced rescue techniques, the guide team and equipment at hand

IAC0710 Discuss in detail how to manage boat wraps and advanced techniques

to deal with it

IAC0711 Discuss in detail how to manage weir rescues and advanced

techniques to deal with it

IAC0712 Discuss in detail how to manage strainer rescue techniques and

advanced techniques to deal with it

IAC0713 Discuss in detail how to set up mechanical advantage systems

including anchors and 3:1 Z-drags and how and when to use them for swifter rescues

IAC0714 Discuss in detail how to set up V-lowers for swimmers and boats and

how and when to use them

IAC0715 Discuss in detail how to set up 3 and 4 point tethers and how and

when to use them

IAC0716 Discuss in detail how to set up Zip Lines and Stabilisation Lines and


IAC0717 Discuss swimmer and strong swimmer rescue techniques and how

and when to use them

193

IAC0718 Discuss spinal stabilisation in the water

32.2.8. KM-32-KT08: Dealing with Emergency Situations and Incidents on a swift water

paddling trip


KT0801 Efficient management of an emergency situation in a swift water

context

KT0802 Search and Rescue procedures in a swift water context



emergency


RETHROG





effectively



IAC0807 Discus CASEVAC principles








194








IAC0101 Discuss in detail the environmental factors which may impact on the

features and hazards of a river route, how this can impact on the trip and how to

mitigate them using the guide team

IAC0102 Discuss in detail the importance of knowledge of the river route

including evacuation points and emergency exit routes

IAC0202 Discuss in detail the role and responsibilities of the Trip Leader in

relation to the rest of the guide team

IAC0203 Discuss in detail the various leadership styles and when their use is

appropriate

IAC0204 Discuss in details the skills a Trip Leader is required to have in order

to effectively lead and motivate a group of clients as well as their guide team





IAC0304 Discuss the use of weather, river flow and other relevant information in

trip planning and in altering an itinerary or route

IAC0305 Discuss SOP’s and EOP’s, their use and function

195

IACO306 Discuss the importance of critically engaging with the SOP and giving

feedback on it to the operator in advance of the trip if possible

IAC0307 Discuss the various element of an SOP – shopping, catering, transport

arrangements, accommodation etc.

IAC0308 Discuss the Trip Report, its use and function

IAC0409 Discuss in detail the Incident Report, its use and function

IAC0501 Discuss boat based scouting in detail

IAC0502 Discus bank based scouting in detail

IAC0503 Discuss the various methods of running rapids including the use of

guide team positioning, boat spacing, paddle signals, rescue set up etc.

IAC0601 Discuss in detail river features and hazards including strainers,

recirculating holes, siphons, waterfalls, waves, stopper waves, weir action, weirs and

man-made hazards

IAC0602 Discuss in detail the effect of changing water levels on features and

hazards


group


accidents on a swift water paddling trip

IAC0608 Discuss advanced river rescue equipment and techniques including

rope work, knots

IAC0609 Discuss in detail how to manage entrapments and pinnings using

advanced rescue techniques, the guide team and equipment at hand

IAC0610 Discuss in detail how to manage boat wraps and advanced techniques

to deal with it

IAC0611 Discuss in detail how to manage weir rescues and advanced

techniques to deal with it

IAC0612 Discuss in detail how to manage strainer rescue techniques and

advanced techniques to deal with it

196

IAC0613 Discuss in detail how to set up mechanical advantage systems

including anchors and 3:1 Z-drags and how and when to use them for swifter rescues

IAC0614 Discuss in detail how to set up V-lowers for swimmers and boats and


IAC0615 Discuss in detail how to set up 3 and 4 point tethers and how and

when to use them

IAC0616 Discuss in detail how to set up Zip Lines and Stabilisation Lines and


IAC0617 Discuss swimmer and strong swimmer rescue techniques and how

and when to use them

IAC0618 Discuss spinal stabilisation in the water


emergency


RETHROG





effectively



IAC0707 Discus CASEVAC principles



32.5 Exemptions

None

197

33. 511302002-KM-33: Swift water trip leader up to class 4 and 5, NQF L5 Cr 5



sound understanding of the theoretical knowledge of how to safely guide a swift water

paddling experience on rivers up to class 4 and 5


KM-33-KT01: The extreme swift water environment (10%)

KM-33-KT02: Planning and preparing for an open extreme swift water paddling

experience (10%)

KM-33-KT03: Preparing the group for the open extreme swift water paddling

experience (10%)

KM-33-KT04: Conducting the extreme swift water paddling experience (30%)

KM-33-KT05: Prevention, identification and management of extreme swift water



33.2.1 KM-33-KT01: The expedition paddling environment (10%)


KT0101 Paddling expeditions






198

33.2.2. KM-33-KT02: Planning and preparing for an expedition paddling experience

(10%)


KT0201 Expedition specific planning







33.2.3. KM-33-KT03: Preparing the group for an expedition paddling experience (10%)



KT0302 Briefings










to deal with it

33.2.4. KM-33-KT04: Conducting the expedition paddling experience (30%)

199


KT0401 Leading, organising and managing groups while expedition paddling

KT0402 Expedition paddling navigation





know them


















200











to deal with it


know them










33.5 Exemptions

None

201

34. 511302000-KM-34, Camping activities, NQF level 4, Cr 3



understands what is required to set up, operate and evacuate a camping site in the

outdoors in environmentally friendly, safe and hygienic manner.


KM-34-KT01: Preparation for a camping activity (30%)

KM-34-KT02:The camping activity (intervention?)(55%)

KM-34-KT03: Camp site evacuation (15%)


34.2.1. KM-34-KT01: Preparation for a camping activity (30%)


KT0101 Principles for planning and selection of a suitable camping site

KT0102 Basic survival principles

KT0103 Environmental impacts of camp sites

KT0104 Logistical requirements / trip preparation

KT0105 Basic conservation and environmental ethics


IAC0101 Indicate the operational requirements to consider for the selection of a

suitable camping site including but not limited to types of activities, duration, route

plans, relevant permits, agreement of landowners and other legal requirements.

IAC0102 Discuss what potential risks and hazards that can impact on the

participants and needs to be considered in the selection of a suitable site including

but not limited to access to water, safety, access, evacuation routes, shelter, safe

use of fire, time of the year (weather) and communication

202

IAC0103 Explain basic survival principles with reference to basic human needs

and its impact on the selection of a suitable camping site, clothing, water, food and

shelter.

IAC0105 Discuss how the group profile impacts on the selection of a suitable

camping site

IAC0106 Explain the features of a desirable camp site

IAC0107 Discuss how to prepare for a camping activity (logistical arrangements)

including transportation, obtaining of permits and agreements, shelter, camping

equipment, provision for food and food preparation, human waste removal, rubbish

removal, group size, gender issues, type, and duration of intervention planned

IAC0104 Explain basic conservation principles and how to cultivate an attitude of

conservation and environmental sensitive ethics within the camping environment

34.2.2. KM-34-KT02: The camping activity (55%)


KT0201 Procedures for setting up a camping site

KT0202 Camping equipment

KT0203 Outdoor cooking

KT0204 Management of camping activities


IAC0201 Explain the process of setting up a camping site (including the briefing of

participants)

IAC0202 Identify common camp site equipment (including catering equipment)

IAC0203 Explain the safe and hygienic operation and monitoring of camping

equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, health and safety

guidelines when setting up a camp site (include catering) and during the camping

activity.

IAC0204 Explain the safety -and hygiene principles for storing provisions and the

preparation of food during the camping activity

203

IAC0205 Describe general food preparation and cooking techniques that are

commonly used in a camp site environment

IAC0206 Discuss general principles of nutrition (in relation to providing a balanced

diet for clients)

IAC0207 Discuss acceptable campsite behaviour that participants should

adhere to during the camping activity including campfire safety and use of fire within

land management guidelines; agreed upon environmentally friendly rubbish and

human waste disposal or removal; and personal and camp hygiene

IAC0208 Discuss issues relating to the use of open fires in camp sites

IAC0209 Discuss water safety principles that apply at a camp sites

IAC02010Discuss the principles to consider to minimise the impact of the camping

activity on the natural environment in including habitat protection, animal behaviour,

human behaviour, fire, pollution(including sound, light, chemical, and waste), group

size, group control, paths and roads.

IAC02011 Explain how you would monitor camping activities to ensure safety and

minimum impact on the environment of a camping site

34.2.3. KM-34-KT03: Camp site evacuation (15%)


KT0301 Preparation to evacuate a camp site

KT0302 Evacuation of a camp site

KT0303 On-going excellence


IAC0301 Indicate the information to be provided to participants in preparation

for camp site evacuation

IAC0302 Describe the process/steps of dissembling a camp site in a safe and

responsible manner minimising negative impact on the environment including but not

limited to the safe dismantling of equipment, clearing and cleaning of equipment such

as food utensils, packing and storing of equipment, removal and/or disposal of

rubbish and all human waste, removal of personal belongings including shelters,

disposal and/or removal of food items or provisions and extinguishing campfires

204

IAC0303 Explain how to service and maintain equipment and log reports after the

camping experience

IAC0304 Explain the procedures for evaluation, reflection and adjustment of the

camping experience including but not limited to customer evaluation reports on

facilitator and experience; and feedback report to company for on-going excellence

34.3. Provider Accreditation Requirements for the Knowledge Module Physical Requirements:









Compliance to all required relevant regulations and legislation 34.4 Critical Topics to be Assessed Externally for the Knowledge Module

IAC0101 Indicate the operational requirements to consider for the selection of a

suitable camping site including but not limited to types of activities, duration, route

plans, relevant permits, agreement of landowners and other legal requirements.

IAC0102 Discuss what potential risks and hazards that can impact on the

participants and needs to be considered in the selection of a suitable site including

but not limited to access to water, safety, access, evacuation routes, shelter, safe

use of fire, time of the year (weather) and communication

IAC0105 Discuss how the group profile impacts on the selection of a suitable

camping site

205

IAC0107 Discuss how to prepare for a camping activity (logistical arrangements)

including transportation, obtaining of permits and agreements, shelter, camping

equipment, provision for food and food preparation, human waste removal, rubbish

removal, group size, gender issues, type, and duration of intervention planned

IAC0201 Explain the process of setting up a camping site (including the briefing of

participants)

IAC0203 Explain the safe and hygienic operation and monitoring of camping

equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, health and safety

guidelines when setting up a camp site (include catering) and during the camping

activity.

IAC0204 Explain the safety -and hygiene principles for storing provisions and the

preparation of food during the camping activity

IAC0208 Discuss issues relating to the use of open fires in camp sites

IAC0209 Discuss water safety principles that apply at a camp sites

IAC0302 Describe the process/steps of dissembling a camp site in a safe and

responsible manner minimising negative impact on the environment including but not

limited to the safe dismantling of equipment, clearing and cleaning of equipment such

as food utensils, packing and storing of equipment, removal and/or disposal of

rubbish and all human waste, removal of personal belongings including shelters,

disposal and/or removal of food items or provisions and extinguishing campfires

34.5 Exemptions

None

206

35. 511302000-KM-35, Adventure Parks(a combination of high rope, short zip lines

and challenge activities) NQF level 4, Cr 5



understands what is required to set up, operate and handle emergencies in the

Adventure Park/High Ropes activities.


KM-35-KT01: Preparation for High Ropes activities (15%)

KM-35-KT02: The High Ropes activities (intervention) (75%)

KM-35-KT03: Concluding the High Ropes activities (10%)


35.2.1. KM-35-KT01: Preparation for High Ropes activities (15%)


KT0101 Principles for the use of a High Ropes activity

KT0102 Health and safety principles

KT0103 Adventure Park structures


IAC0101 Indicate the operational requirements to consider for the presentation of an

Adventure Park experience including but not limited to types of ropes courses,

training, activities, duration, relevant legislation, Fall Protection Plan, gear and

equipment

IAC0102Discuss how to prepare for a High Ropes course activity (logistical

arrangements) including but not limited to: gear and equipment inspections records;

course structures inspections records; daily risk assessments and mitigation

(including weather and other environmental factors); customers group size, needs

and requirements; requirements of the Fall Protection Plan; the Briefing session;

liability, indemnity and insurance.

207

IAC0103 Describe how weather, climate and other contingencies can influence a

program in the Adventure Park.

IAC0104 Discuss the principles to consider with reference to the influence of group

size, needs, requirements and abilities (customer fitness and health and safety)

IAC0105 Discuss the potential risks and hazards that can have an impact on the

participants which needs to be considered and addressed in the selection of suitable

activities and a program

IAC0106 Discuss the importance of developing safe and standard operating

procedures at the Adventure Park

IAC0107 Comprehend the content of the Fall Protection Plan and the importance of

enforcing it

IAC0108 Explain the features of a desirable ropes course and other use than just

entertainment

35.2.2 KM-35-KT02: The High Ropes activity (75%)


KT0201 Gear, equipment and the structures

KT0202 Client safety and Belay techniques

KT0203 Briefing the client

KT0204 Motivation and discipline techniques

KT0205 The Fall Protection Plan

KT0206 Experiential learning, leadership- and team development principles

KT0207 Emergencies and safety procedures


IAC0201 Identification and comprehension of the manufacturers specs, limitations

and uses of appropriate protective gear, and equipment and rescue gear and

equipment for high rope activities

IAC0202 Describe how to choose appropriate gear and equipment for different

clients with reference to size, age, and ability for high rope activities

208

IAC0203 Explain the maintenance and inspection of gear and equipment and activity

structures for a high rope activities

IAC0204 Explain the process of dealing with faulty gear, equipment and activity

structures for high rope activities

IAC0205 Explain safety systems and Belay techniques used for high rope activities

IAC0206 Explain how to brief the client including but not limited to safety, equipment,

technique and goals for high rope activities.

IAC0207 Explain sensitivity in helping participants get dressed in safety gear before a

high rope activity

IAC0208 Explain how to monitor participants moral and motivate them with regard to

emotional safety VS reaching Group and/or individual goals during high rope

activities

IAC0209 Describe examples of inappropriate behaviour and how you will deal with it,

including but not limited to group members criticising each other, “fooling around”,

“giving up”, and alcohol and substance abuse.

Name and explain the content of a fall protection plan and the importance in relation

to the structures and safety on the activities

IAC02010 Explain techniques of disciplining individuals and groups with regard to

enjoyment and reaching goals VS respecting one another, safety, and enforcing the

Fall Protection Plan during a high rope activity

IAC02011Explain basic experiential learning principles and how it differs from merely

offering an experience for high rope activities

IAC02012Explain basic team building and leadership development techniques

applicable to the adventure park activities.

IAC02013 Explain how you would deal with emergencies during high rope activities

including but not limited to facilitator attitude, rescue procedures, “freezing and/or

fear at height”, emotional breakdown, gear failure, hair or clothing that’s stuck,

participants “fooling” around and first aid principles to remember appropriate to

relevant “work at height” injuries and conditions, like back injuries, suspension

trauma/syncope

35.2.3 KM-35-KT03: Concluding the High Ropes activities (10%)

209


KT0301 Debriefing sessions

KT0302 Administration, Log- and evaluation reports


IAC0301 Explain the importance of debriefing with individuals- and group

sessions after a high rope activity

IAC0302 Explain the procedures for evaluation, reflection and adjustment of the High

Ropes experience including but not limited to customer evaluation reports on

facilitator and experience; feedback report to the company for on-going excellence

IAC0303 Explain the importance of gear, equipment and course structure inspection

and maintenance records for keeping the Fall Protection Plan requirements and

keeping it up to date

IAC0304 Explain the importance of completing Incident and accident report forms

after a high rope activity incident.

IAC0305 Describe how you will store gear and equipment used after a high rope

activity.

IAC0306 Describe how you will prohibit the unauthorized use of gear, equipment

and the High Rope activities when supervision is not available.










Relevant qualifications and/or a minimum of 3 years active subject matter experience

210

Legal Requirements:



IAC0101 Discuss how to prepare for a High Ropes course activity (logistical

arrangements) including but not limited to: gear and equipment inspections records;

course structures inspections records; daily risk assessments and mitigation

(including weather and other environmental factors); customers group size, needs

and requirements; requirements of the Fall Protection Plan; the Briefing session;

liability, indemnity and insurance.

IAC0102 Discuss the potential risks and hazards that can have an impact on the

participants which needs to be considered and addressed in the selection of suitable

activities and a program

IAC0103 Comprehend the content of the Fall Protection Plan and the importance of

enforcing it

IAC0104 Name and explain the content of a fall protection plan and the importance in

relation to the structures and safety on the activities

IAC0106 Explain how you would deal with emergencies during high rope activities

including but not limited to facilitator attitude, rescue procedures, “freezing and/or

fear at height”, emotional breakdown, gear failure, hair or clothing that’s stuck,

participants “fooling” around and first aid principles to remember appropriate to

relevant “work at height” injuries and conditions, like back injuries, suspension

trauma/syncope

IAC0107 Explain the importance of gear, equipment and course structure inspection

and maintenance records for keeping the Fall Protection Plan requirements and

keeping it up to date

IAC0108 Explain the importance of completing Incident and accident report forms

after a high rope activity incident.

IAC0305 Describe how you will store gear and equipment used after a high rope

activity.

211

IAC0109 Describe how you will prohibit the unauthorized use of gear, equipment

and the High Rope activities when supervision is not available.

35.5 Exemptions

None

36. 511302000-KM-36: Zip line activity NQF level 4, Credits 5 36.1. Purpose of the Knowledge Module

The main focus of the learning in this knowledge module is to ensure that the learner understands what is required to set up, operate and conclude a zip line activity in environmentally friendly and safe manner. The learning will enable learners to demonstrate an understanding of:

KM-36-KT01 The zip lining environment (5%)

KM-36-KT02 The selection, use and care of equipment used for zip lining (10%)

KM-36-KT03 Preparing the group for the zip line experience (5%)

KM-36-KT04 Roles and responsibilities of the Lead and Safety guides (5%)

KM-36-KT05 Leading, organising and managing the group in the natural

environment (20%)

KM-36-KT06 Prevention, identification and management of common zip line

hazards and emergencies (35%)

KM-36-KT07 The implications of injury in the zip line environment (20%)


36.2.1. KM-36-KT01: The zip lining environment (5%)


KT0101 The origins and history of zip lining

KT0102 Terminology used in zip lining

KT0103 The nature of the zip lining environment


IAC0101 Describe what zip lining is and the different types on terrain in which

they are found.

IAC0102 Discuss the origins of zip lining both in southern Africa and abroad.

212

IAC0103 List the major zip lining areas in southern Africa.

IAC0104 Explain the various terminology used in zip lining

IAC0105 Describe the different characteristics of zip lines available in southern

Africa with relevance to climate, biome and geology.

36.2.2. KM-36-KT02: The selection, use and care of equipment used for zip lining

(10%)


KT0201 Equipment used for zip lining

KT0202 Equipment used for emergencies in zip lining

KT0203 Equipment care, maintenance and storage.


IAC0201 Compare the options available for equipment with advantages and

disadvantages of different braking systems.

IAC0202 Discuss the need for emergency rescue or evacuation as well as

factors influencing the decision making.

IAC0203 Discuss correct equipment care, the procedures for maintaining safe

working equipment and how equipment is stored.

36.2.3. KM-36-KT03: Preparing the group for the zip line experience (5%)


Pre-trip administration and preparation

Post-trip administration and completion



prior to commencing with the zip lining activity and explain their purpose.

IAC0302 Explain the preparation of equipment and clients before the zip lining

activity.

IAC0303 Explain the information and skills demonstrations to be provided to the

participants with regards to safety and the correct use of equipment/gear and

execution of the zip-line activity

213


after the zip lining activity and explain their purpose.

IAC0305 Explain the inspection of equipment and debriefing of clients after the

zip lining activity.

36.2.3. KM-36-KT04 Roles and responsibilities of the Lead and Safety guides (5%)


KT0401 Responsibilities of the Lead guide

KT0402 Responsibilities of the Safety guide


IAC0401 Discuss the Lead guide’s role and responsibility to clients and

authority over the Safety Guide.

IAC0402 Discuss the Safety guide’s role and responsibility to clients and

position under the Lead Guide.

36.2.5. KM-36-KT05: Leading, organising and managing the group in the zip line

environment (20%)


KT0501 Controlling the progress of the group

KT0502Group management techniques


IAC0501 Discuss the ways to effectively “transport” clients on the zip lines from

one base station to the next.

IAC0502 Discuss strategies available to guide the progress of the group

through the zip line environment.

36.2.6. KM-36-KT06: Prevention, identification and management of common zip line hazards and emergencies (35%)


KT0601 Apprehensive clients

KT0602 Client injuries or health problems

KT0603 Braking emergencies

KT0604 Rescue emergencies

KT0605 Environmental emergencies

KT0606 The implications of injury in the zip line environment

214


IAC0601 Explain techniques and motivation to be used on clients that appear or

express apprehension to zip line.

IAC0602 Describe the types of personal injuries and health issues which may

be encountered by clients during a zip lining activity.

IAC0603 Describe various situations whereby clients may need to be retrieved

on the zip line or evacuated from the zip line.

IAC0604 Explain situations where braking blocks may need to be employed and

discuss their effectiveness.

IAC0605 Describe the emergency rescue procedures and when they may be

carried out.

IAC0606 List environmental emergencies which may occur during a zip line

activity and explain how to mitigate against unexpected weather conditions.

IAC0607 Explain the importance and relevance of adhering to the South African

Construction Regulations by having a fall protection plan.

IAC0608 Explain the importance of having safe operating procedures

36.2.7. KM-36-KT07: The implications of injury in the zip line environment (20%)


KT0701 Disruption of the zip lining activity

KT0702 Logistics

Internal criteria assessment and weight

IAC0701 Describe how the zip line activity could be disrupted and explain

possible ways to work around such situations.

IAC0702 Explain the logistical implications of dealing with an injury in a zip line

environment.

215

IAC0703 Explain the various emergency plans and evacuation procedures

including but not limited to radio communications, adverse weather conditions, first

aid, transfer routes on/off the cables and abseiling off the platforms.













IAC0201 Compare the options available for equipment with advantages and

disadvantages of different braking systems.

IAC0202 Discuss the need for emergency rescue or evacuation as well as

factors influencing the decision making.

IAC0203 Discuss correct equipment care, the procedures for maintaining safe

working equipment and how equipment is stored.

IAC0302 Explain the preparation of equipment and clients before the zip lining

activity.

216

IAC0303 Explain the information and skills demonstrations to be provided to the

participants with regards to safety and the correct use of equipment/gear and

execution of the zip-line activity

IAC0305 Explain the inspection of equipment and debriefing of clients after the

zip lining activity.

IAC0601 Explain techniques and motivation to be used on clients that appear or

express apprehension to zip line

IAC0602 Describe the types of personal injuries and health issues which may

be encountered by clients during a zip lining activity.

IAC0603 Describe various situations whereby clients may need to be retrieved

on the zip line or evacuated from the zip line.

IAC0605 Describe the emergency rescue procedures and when they may be

carried out.

IAC0607 Explain the importance and relevance of adhering to the South African

Construction Regulations by having a fall protection plan.

IAC0701 Describe how the zip line activity could be disrupted and explain

possible ways to work around such situations.

IAC0702 Explain the logistical implications of dealing with an injury in a zip line

environment.

IAC0703 Explain the various emergency plans and evacuation procedures

including but not limited to radio communications, adverse weather conditions, first

aid, transfer routes on/off the cables and abseiling off the platforms.

36.5 Exemptions

None

217

37. 511302000-KM-37, Mountain Biking, NQF level 4, Cr 5



understands what is required to set up, operate and maintain a mountain biking activity

in the outdoor environment in a safe manner.


KM-37-KT01: Preparation for a mountain biking activity (25%)

KM-37-KT02: The mountain biking activity (55%)

KM-37-KT03: Dealing with emergencies (10%)

KM-37-KT04: Concluding the mountain biking activity (10%)


37.2.1. KM-37-KT01: Preparation for a mountain biking activity (25%)


KT0101 Preparation and maintenance cycles for a mountain bike activity

KT0102 Route planning

KT0103 Mountain biking activity planning

KT0104 Health and safety aspects

KT0105 Logistical requirements / trip preparation


IAC0101 Describe mountain bike trends & designs available in Sought Africa

IAC0102 Explain acceptable key mountain bike technical and sporting terms

IAC0103 Explain how to prepare a toolkit and accessories for a mountain bike

activity

IAC0104 Describe key features of the frame and working parts of a mountain bike

218

IAC0105 Explain basic workshop maintenance and trail care for the mountain bike

IAC0106 Describe the function of lubricants and the importance of essential cleaning

and lubricating moving parts

IAC0107 Describe how to evaluate new innovations in cycles and accessories for

touring with relevance to functionality, weight and appropriateness

IAC0108 Explain the importance of having a backup vehicle and/or trailer for the

mountain bike experience and the importance of planning possible pickup points

IAC0109 Explain where to locate resources for mountain bike information on routes

and guiding trips

IAC01010 Explain basic eco-tourism principles for mountain bike trails in Southern

Africa with special relation to the impact that mountain bike trails and irresponsible

use can have on the environment

IAC01011 Explain the importance of being able to navigate with and without a GPS

during planning and the mountain bike activity

IAC01012 Explain why a guided mountain bike trip plan must include raw maps with

GPS waypoints and named features

IAC01013 Explain in detail how to determine the estimate riding time between two

defined points

IAC01014 Describe difficulty levels in choosing a trail/terrain use at least reference

of a level 1 (easy) and 2 (intermediate) terrain

IAC01015 Identify hazards that can be encountered during a mountain bike activity

and plan avoidance and mitigations thereof

IAC01016 Explain the content of a compact first aid medical kit for mountain bike

trails

IAC01017 Explain the importance of planning for constant communication during the

mountain biking activity with participants and a base/backup vehicle

IAC01018 Explain how route access, durations, rest stops, emergency escapes and

other factors will influence your trip planning

IAC01019 Explain how restricted visibility conditions will influence your mountain

biking activity

219

IAC01020 Explain why it is important to specify security and safety risks and

avoidance plans during planning of the activity, the mountain biking activity and

briefing of clients

IAC01021 Explain the importance, relevance and care of organising safe parking,

accommodation and catering

IAC01022 Describe with examples the different foods and nutritional needs of

participants will need during the mountain biking activity

IAC01023 Explain the importance of evaluating your route map, resources and

obtaining of an up to date weather information on the day of the mountain biking

activity

37.2.2. KM-37-KT02: The mountain biking activity (intervention) (55%)


KT0201 Safety briefings and demonstrations

KT0202 Bike and rider preparation

KT0203 Riding technique


IAC0201 Explain the process and importance of carrying out essential pre-tour

checks on bikes according to detailed checklist: wheels, tyres, brakes, gears, lights,

spares, toolkits

IAC0202 Explain the relevance and detail of an in depth briefing to clients on the

mountain bike activity, cycle care and safety

IAC0203 Describe how you will brief the client on the route, risks, rewards and

difficulties to come before the mountain bike activity

IAC0204 Explain why it is important to explain risks of a mountain bike activity before

a trip and why it is necessary to obtain indemnity signatures and special needs of

clients before setting off

IAC0105 Describe how traffic, pedestrians, animals and trail hazards will influence

mountain bikers and the importance of briefing them on these matters.

220

IAC0206 Explain what to look for when evaluating riders personal gear, liquids and

energy supplements

IAC0207 Explain in detail how to select an appropriate mountain bike for a rider and

brief the rider on why the preference of the bike

IAC0208 Explain how to determine and adjust rider to seat height, saddle and

handlebar distance

IAC0209 Explain the importance of managing riders on a basic skills course under

instruction before a lengthy trip/activity

IAC02010 Explain why speed control, braking and signalling is important to control

and how you will brief clients on this discipline

IAC02011 Explain how to brief clients with the aid of examples essential different

peddling, turning, climbing & downhill techniques

IAC02012 Explain with the aid of pictures riding technique on a variety of terrain e.g.

single and double tracks, drop offs, narrow bridges, steep ground, sand, river

crossings, pebbles/rocks and other obstacles

IAC02013 Describe how to evaluate riders and the importance of discussing their

capabilities with them in your pre trip briefing

IAC02014 Explain important factor in leading, observing and safeguard of the group

on the given trail

IAC02015 Explain why team work, staying together and working with other mountain

bike guides and clients alike are important

IAC02016 Explain how you will enhance the mountain bike activity by delivering

interpretative trail guiding at sites of interest and the value of such a mindset is

important to the client

37.2.3. KM-37-KT03: Dealing with emergencies (10%)


KT0301 Emergencies procedures

KT0302 The Evacuation Plan


221

IAC0301 Explain how you would deal with emergencies during mountain biking

activity including lost members, emotional and physical breakdown, gear/equipment

failure and other relevant emergencies.

IAC0302 Describe the Cause, Symptoms, Prevention and Basic Principles of Care of

relevant injuries and conditions during the mountain biking activity, including grazes,

back injuries, head injuries, bleeding, fractures and climate sickness’.

IAC0303 Explain the importance of having standard operating procedures for

evacuations

37.2.4. KM-37-KT04: Concluding the mountain biking activity (10%)


KT0401 Debriefing sessions

KT0402 Administration, Log- and evaluation reports and marketing


IAC0401 Explain the importance of debriefing sessions, how to conduct them in

different manner and the importance to the client and operating guide/company for

on-going excellence

IAC0402 Describe how to obtain feedback from riders and make report

recommendations

IAC0403 Explain the content and importance of developing a trails logbook to

record details of each trip on the day

IAC0404 Explain why it is important to log start and finish times and arrange

rendezvous with transport or backup personnel/associates

IAC0405 Explain the relevance of budgeting the costs, keeping a record thereof and

writing a financial report after the mountain biking activity

222













IAC0103 Explain how to prepare a toolkit and accessories for a mountain bike

activity

IAC0105 Explain basic workshop maintenance and trail care for the mountain bike

IAC0106 Describe the function of lubricants and the importance of essential cleaning

and lubricating moving parts

IAC0108 Explain the importance of having a backup vehicle and/or trailer for the

mountain bike experience and the importance of planning possible pickup points

IAC01011 Explain the importance of being able to navigate with and without a GPS

during planning and the mountain bike activity

IAC01015 Identify hazards that can be encountered during a mountain bike activity

and plan avoidance and mitigations thereof

IAC01018 Explain how route access, durations, rest stops, emergency escapes and

other factors will influence your trip planning

223

IAC01019 Explain how restricted visibility conditions will influence your mountain

biking activity

IAC01020 Explain why it is important to specify security and safety risks and

avoidance plans during planning of the activity, the mountain biking activity and

briefing of clients

IAC0201 Explain the process and importance of carrying out essential pre-tour

checks on bikes according to detailed checklist: wheels, tyres, brakes, gears, lights,

spares, toolkits

IAC0203 Describe how you will brief the client on the route, risks, rewards and

difficulties to come before the mountain bike activity

IAC0204 Explain why it is important to explain risks of a mountain bike activity before

a trip and why it is necessary to obtain indemnity signatures and special needs of

clients before setting off

IAC0105 Describe how traffic, pedestrians, animals and trail hazards will influence

mountain bikers and the importance of briefing them on these matters.

IAC02014 Explain important factor in leading, observing and safeguard of the group

on the given trail

IAC0301 Explain how you would deal with emergencies during mountain biking

activity including lost members, emotional and physical breakdown, gear/equipment

failure and other relevant emergencies.

IAC0302 Describe the Cause, Symptoms, Prevention and Basic Principles of Care of

relevant injuries and conditions during the mountain biking activity, including grazes,

back injuries, head injuries, bleeding, fractures and climate sickness’.

37.5 Exemptions

None

knowledge module specifications list of theory/ …€¦ · 2 511302002-km-23: mountaineering...

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