koester systembrochure negative side waterproofing systems for masonry and concrete

8/2/2019 KOESTER Systembrochure Negative Side Waterproofing Systems for Masonry and Concrete

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NEGATIVE SIDE

WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS

FOR MASONRY AND CONCRETE


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What is negative side waterproofing?

A typical case of negative side waterproofingis when water comes through the walls of abasement and the waterproofing is carried out

from the inside. In general, negative side water-

proofing means that the waterproofing layer isapplied to the side of the construction memberwhich is opposite to the side with direct contactto the water. Negative side waterproofing ismore difficult than positive side waterproofingbecause the water penetrates through the

Basements often cannot be accessed from the outside. Thusthey can only be waterproofed from the inside (negative side).

Filled water tanks cannot be accessed from the inside toapply a waterproofing layer. For an uninterrupted usage,waterproofing from the outside (negative side) is necessary.

Important:If possible, the waterproofing material is appliedto the positive side of the structure. Only if the

positive side is not accessible, negative sidewaterproofing is necessary.

KSTER NB 1

Concrete

Examples of negative sidewaterproofing

inside of basements

outside of water tanks or silos

inside of lift pits

inside of tunnels

leaking side of retaining walls

underside of leaking ceilings

construction member behind the waterproofingmaterial and tries to push it off the substrate.

Joint Fillet


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Why use KSTER waterproofing systems?

Water that has penetrated through aconstruction member and has contact to thenegative side of the waterproofing layer willalways try to delaminate the waterproofing

material from the substrate. Water pressure orsalt crystals form growing capillaries and voidsbetween the waterproofing material and thesubstrate. Therefore, especially an elastic coatingis likely to delaminate and fail after some time.KSTER NB 1 has been developed to waterproofmineral substrates, like masonry and concrete,

Electron microscope scan: White areas: latent hydrauliccompounds which penetrated into the pore structure of thesubstrate and reacted to form a pore sealing solid body.

Important: KSTER NB 1 is tested to resist a water pressure

of 13 bar (130 meters water head) on thenegative side.

KSTER NB 1 does not contain sodium, it istherefore not aggressive to steel reinforcements.

KSTER NB 1 does not require moisture curing.

KSTER NB 1 is tested also on porous substrate.

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even from the negative side. The productcontains agents which react with moisture andcomponents of the substrate to form crystalswhich penetrate into the pores and capillaries

of the substrate. KSTER NB 1 penetrates intothe substrate, becomes an integral part of itand makes it waterproof but open to vapourdiffusion. It has an expected life time just likethe structure itself. KSTER NB 1 cannot dela-minate and keeps the substrate permanentlywaterproof.

KSTER NB 1 becomes an integralpart of the structure.


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How to waterproof a structure from the negative side

For a successful waterproofing the ideal productshould have the following properties:

The waterproofing product should be mineral

based just like the brick or concrete substrate it has to become one with the substrate.

The waterproofing product ideally penetratesa little into the substrate. That way it cannotbe pushed off by the water pressure.

The material has to be open to vapourdiffusion so that water vapour can penetratethe cured coating.

The material should be free of cloride so thatit does not harm the steel reinforcement.

The product should resist high water pressurefrom the negative side.

KSTER NB 1 can either be applied with a brush or it can be sprayed onto the surface, e.g. with the KSTER Variojet FU-KB Spiral Pump.

Product ApplicationThe mineral substrate has to be sound and solidas well as free of grease, oil and loose particles.Prior to application, the substrate has to bewetted, standing water has to be avoided. Dustyor salt-contaminated substrates are primed withKSTER Polysil TG 500.The material must be mixed using a slow speedmixer whereby the powder should be added to

the mixing water. The material is applied in atleast two coats with a brush or a suited spraying

The product should be easy to apply.

The product should have self-sealing propertiesto avoid leakages from minor cracks.

KSTER NB 1 combines all these propertiesideally. KSTER NB 1 can be used for negativeside waterproofing against ground moisture,non-pressurised and pressurised water. KSTERNB 1 is a waterproof, mineral sealing slurrywith crystallizing and capillary sealing agents.KSTER NB 1 provides excellent pressure andabrasion resistance as well as excellent resist-ance to a wide range of chemicals. KSTER NB 1is also suitable for waterproofing of portablewater tanks.

device. Frost and strong wind impact during theapplication and for at least 24 hours afterwardshave to be avoided. A 25 kg bag of KSTER NB 1is mixed with 8 l of water. For improved bondingand elastification use 6 l of water and 2 l ofKSTER SB Bonding Emulsion.

For detailed information please consult the

technical guidelines on www.koster.eu.

KSTER PolysilTG 500 KSTER NB 1, 1st coat KSTER PolysilTG 500KSTER NB 1, 2nd coat


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What if there are active leakages? A difficult situation:waterproofing from the negative side while the water is

flowing

An active leakage is sealed instantly after applying KSTER KD 2 Blitz.


Standard cementitious materials have a setting

time of at least several hours. In case of activeleakages, such materials would just be washedaway. For these cases, KSTER has developed theKSTER KD System with its components KSTERKD 1 Base, KSTER KD 2 Blitz and KSTER KD 3Sealer.KSTER KD 2 Blitz is a highly reactive powderwith an extremely short setting time. It stops

flowing water within seconds after being rubbeddirectly into the leaking surface.

BLOCKS

IN

SECONDS

Product ApplicationSealing of in-rushes

Form KSTER KD 2 Blitz powder into a firm ball and press the air out of the powder. Then press theball of powder onto the leakage until it is stopped.

KSTER KD 1 Base is a crystallizing slurry which

is applied together with KSTER KD 2 Blitz andKSTER KD 3 Sealer for instant setting. KSTERKD 3 Sealer penetrates deeply into the substrateand forms an insoluble compound. It thus blocksthe pores and stops the flow of water

permanently by its continuous crystallizationprocess.

Surface Sealing

After stopping leakages, the surrounding surfacehas to be sealed:

Mix as much KSTER KD 1 Base as can beapplied within 10 minutes with water into a

viscous, spreadable mass (slurry). Lay the slurryonto the substrate using a firm brush. Thenimmediately rub KSTER KD 2 Blitz powder intothe fresh, moist slurry by hand until the surface

is dry. Without waiting, brush on KSTER KD 3Sealer liquid with a clean brush. Immediately

afterwards and again after approx. 30 minutes,repeat step 1 (KSTER KD 1 Base). The maximumtotal thickness should be less than 4 mm.

KSTER KD 1 Base KSTER KD 2 Blitz KSTER KD 3 Sealant KSTER KD 1 Base KSTER KD 1 Base


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How to treat salt contaminated substrates?

All mineral substrates contain salts to somedegree. In a higher concentration, e.g. due to saltuptake in agricultural buildings, by sea wateror fertilizers etc., salts can become problematic.

Salts are water soluble and therefore can betransported through the capillary system ofthe building materials. On the surface, waterevaporates and the salts start to form crystalsmainly in the pores that are close to the surface.During this process, the salts expand tremen-dously in volume.

When sufficient crystallization has taken place,the pressure in the capillaries will get so highthat the building material is destroyed. Thematerial looses its mechanical strength and itbecomes brittle, resulting in a damaged surface.

A typical sign of salt contamination is saltefflorescence, mostly seen as a whitish substanceon the surface of masonry or concrete. Oftenthe salts are transported from the surroundingsoil through the capillary system of the buildingmaterials by rising damp. After a while, paints orconventional plasters are simply pushed off bythe pressure of salt crystallization.

Typical damage through salt efflorescence.

The interior walls of these buildings were restored with KSTER Restoration Plaster 2 White.

For restoring salt contaminated substrates,KSTER offers products that can be used incombination with our waterproofing products:KSTER Polysil TG 500 and KSTER Restoration

Plaster. KSTER Polysil TG 500 is a thin fluidproduct based on a combination of polymersand silicates. When it is sprayed onto the surfaceof a wall, it penetrates into the capillaries.It reduces the pore volume, thus loweringthe danger of renewed salt efflorescence. Italso increases the chemical and mechanicalresistance to mineral building materials. Theillustrations show what happens in the capillarydue to application of KSTER Polysil TG 500.The grey area represents the silicified, immobi-lized zone of the pores. The salts, shown as silver

polygons, are enclosed in the immobilized zone.

KSTER Polysil TG 500 has a polymer ingredientwhich encloses the salt molecules and reducestheir mobility.

KSTER Polysil TG 500


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Additionally, KSTER Restoration Plasters areapplied to provide a highly porous breath-able layer on the wall. The pores in KSTERRestoration Plasters provide sufficient space for

salt crystallization so that salt efflorescence isstopped. The salts crystallize in the pores.


KSTER Restoration Plaster

Also, damp walls dry out due to the microstruc-ture of the plaster surface. KSTER RestorationPlasters absorb water in vapour form so that thewalls can breathe. Thereby, KSTER Restoration

Plasters provide a comfortable and healthyroom climate.

Remove old plaster. Fillbreakouts and holes withKSTER Repair Mortar. SprayKSTER PolysilTG 500 ontothe surface to block salts andharden the substrate.

Apply a plaster key to ensureoptimal bonding of KSTERRestoration Plaster. Add 1 kgof KSTER SB Bonding Emul-sion to the mixing water.

Apply KSTER RestorationPlaster by trowel or using theKSTER Variojet FU-KB SpiralPump.

After approx. 60 min. smooththe surface.

Product Application

The cristallization of the salts in the poresof the KSTER Restoration Plaster preventsthe salts to cause damage.


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Technical Data

NB 1 Grey

Consumption As deep penetrating primer:

approx. 100 to 130 g/m2

As hardener of slurries: approx. 200 to 250 g/m2

Polysil TG 500

Meets requirements according to the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas andWater, work sheet W270

Resistant to stresses by sulfates and chlorides

Resistant to a water pressure of 13 bar on the negative side (130 m of water head)

Approved by the German building authorities (Test certificate for official approval by the building authorities)

Approved for use in potable water environments, tested according to the recommendations of the work groupDrinking water concerns of the commission on synthetics of the Federal Public Health Department

Contains crystallizing components Self-healing properties on micro-cracks

Resistant to freeze and thaw cycles, the bonding of the material remains excellent

Important Product Tests: KSTER NB 1 Grey

Crystallizing waterproofing system for positiveand negative side waterproofing

Technical data Compressive strength (28 days) > 20 N/mm2

Flexural tensile strength (28 days) > 5 N/mm2

Adhesive tensile strength > 1.5 N/mm2

Waterproof against pressurised water(positive side) up to 13 bars

Coefficient of water vapour diffusionresistance: 60

Pot life: approx. 2 hours

Resistant to foot traffic after approx. 2 days

Full cure after approx. 2 weeks

Consumption Positive side waterproofing: min 1.5 kg/m2

(1 coat), max. 4.0 kg/m2 (2-3 coats)

Negative side waterproofing min. 3 kg/m2(2 coats)

Salt blocker and hardener

Technical data Application temperature min. 5 C

Specific gravity: 1.03 g/cm3

Surface: transparent, slightly sticky

Elongation at break: approx. 500%

Application of next layer:- after 30 minutes:cementitious building materials

- after min 24 hours: acrylic- and

silicate-paints

Additionally available

KSTER NB 2 White

KSTER NB 1 Fast: for faster application

KSTER NB 1 BG: Part of the BG-System forbiogas plants and similar applications.


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Technical Data

Consumption KSTER KD 1 Base: approx. 1.5 2.5 kg/m2

KSTER KD 2 Blitz: approx. 1.0 2.0 kg/m2

KSTER KD 3 Sealer: approx. 0.5 kg/m2

KD System

Consumption Approx. 12 kg/m2 per cm of layer thickness

of the plaster

Restoration Plaster 2 White


Important Product Tests: KSTER KD System

Fast waterproofing against pressurised water and active leakages

Resistant to stresses by sulfates and chlorides

Test certificate by LAW Engineering , can be applied against pressurised water up to 7 barfrom the negative side

Negative side waterproofing system againstactive leakages

Technical data KSTER KD 1 Base: Setting time

(20 C, 65 % relative humidity) approx. 15 min.

KSTER KD 2 Blitz: Setting time(20 C, 65 % when sealing active leakages)approx. 10 sec.

KSTER KD 3 Sealer: Reaction time(20 C, 65 % relative humidity) 2 - 3 hours

KSTER KD System: Waterproof againstpressurised water up to 7 bar (negative side)

Highly porous, salt resistant plaster for healthy roomclimate

Technical data Density of fresh mortar: 1.3 t/m3

Air void contents (fresh mortar): 34 vol-%

Compressive strength: > 2.5 N/mm2

Flexural tensile strength: approx. 1.4 N/mm2

Porosity: approx. 41 vol-%

Beginning of setting: after approx. 3 hours

Additionally available

KSTER Restoration Plaster 1 Grey

KSTER Restoration Plaster 2 Light

KSTER Restoration Plaster 2 Fast

KSTER Restoration Plaster 2 Light and Fast.


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How to seal wall floor junctions, joints and cracks?

When carrying out waterproofing works, wall/floor junctions, cracks and joints are typicalexamples of areas which require special atten-tion. These sensitive areas have to be taken

care of in the right way before the waterproof-ing can be applied. They often require specificmaterials and application techniques in orderto be permanently waterproof. For example: Inwall/floor junctions, fillets have to be installed;cracks and joints have to be sealed elastically orrigidly depending on the requirements of thespecific construction member.

Joint Sealant FS

KB Flex 200 Sealing Paste

KB-Pur2 IN 1

KSTER provides a comprehensive range ofmaterials, accessories and equipment for crackinjection and joint sealing, e.g. KSTER JointSealant FS-V or KSTER Joint Sealant FS-H,

KSTER KB-Pur Injection Systems and KSTERKB-Flex 200 Sealing Paste.

Please refer to our catalogue The Green Pagesof Construction Chemicals and contact ourtechnical department.


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KSTER Product Range

KSTER BAUCHEMIE AG develops, produces andsupplies a comprehensive range of special con-struction materials in the areas of waterproof-ing and concrete repair. Being founded in 1982 inGermany, the KSTER Group consists meanwhile

of 24 companies which are represented in morethan 45 countries. It is our policy to offer con-struction materials of highest quality, durabilityand general performance.

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1 External basement waterproofing

2 Internal basement waterproofing

3 Horizontal barriers/

Restoration of masonry4 Crack and hose injection

5 Concrete protection and repair

6 Sealing of expansion joints

7 Bathroom and wet room waterproofing

8 Mould control

9 Floor coatings

10 Faade protection

11 Balcony and terrace waterproofing

12 Roof waterproofing

13 Water tank and reservoir waterproofing


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KSTER BAUCHEMIE AG | Dieselstrae 3 10 | D-26607 Aurich GermanyPhone: +49 (4941) 9709-0 | Fax: +49 (4941) 9709-40 | [email protected] | www.koster.eu

Service you can depend on

With our service and distribution network inmany countries world-wide we can offer you

professional advice and technical supportimmediately and on the spot. Your requiredwaterproofing materials can be delivered

promptly and will protect your propertyefficiently and lastingly.

For further information, please contact:

koester systembrochure negative side waterproofing systems for masonry and concrete

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