komunikasi dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan pertemuan-7 mata kuliah : css 113, konsep sistem...

KOMUNIKASI DALAM MENDUKUNG PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN

Pertemuan-7

Mata Kuliah : CSS 113 , Konsep Sistem InformasiTahun Akademik : 2012/2013

Sasaran Pembelajaran :Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu :Menunjukkan hubungan komunikasi dalam mendu kung pengambilan keputusan dalam konsep work sistem

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Materi Pokok

• Konsep Dasar komunikasi• Konsep dasar pengambilan keputusan• Dukungan IS pada komunikasi dan pengambilan

keputusan

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Opening Case ....

• What do you think?• Is “mass customization” as mentioned here going to be

a major force?• What type of information system is this?• It is:

– an information system that supports communication and decision making

• Compare & contrast this with online shopping

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Can we use the WCA to describe this case?• Sure!

©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.3

Table 5.1Customizing Jeans at Levi Strauss

CUSTOMER

Person purchasing jeans

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PRODUCT

Customized pair of jeans

Measurements representing the best fit

Manufacturing specification for the customized pair of jeans

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BUSINESS PROCESS

Major Steps:

•Take measurements

•Try on special samples to get perfect fit

•Transmit to factory in Tennessee

•Manufacture jeans

•Mail jeans to customer

•Store specification for reorders

Rationale:

•Sell customized jeans that really fit the customer.

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PARTICIPANTS

Customer

Salesperson

INFORMATION

Customer’smeasurements

Manufacturingspecifications

Delivery address

TECHNOLOGY

Sample pairs for fittingthe customer

Technology forproducing the jeans

Computers and datacommunication network

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How can information systems improve communication and decision making?

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Table 5.2Ways information Systems Can Improve Communication and Decision

Making Performance within Business Processes

RATE OF OUTPUTImprove communication: Communicate more information or more types to more peopleImprove decision making: Make more decisions using better, more complete information

CONSISTENCYImprove communication: Make sure different people receive the same communication Improve decision making: Make sure repetitive decisions are made in the same way

PRODUCTIVITYImprove communication: Achieve more communication with less effortImprove decision making: Make better decisions with less effort

CYCLE TIMEImprove communication: Eliminate undesirable delays in communicationImprove decision making: Eliminate unnecessary delays in decision making

FLEXIBILITYImprove communication: Permit communication in many different formsImprove decision making: Maintain decision quality across a wider range of situations

SECURITYImprove communication: Make sure communications go only to the intended recipientsImprove decision making: Make sure decisions are controlled only by those authorized to make the decisions


Table 5.2Ways information Systems Can Improve Communication and Decision

Making Performance within Business Processes

RATE OF OUTPUTImprove communication: Communicate more information or more types to more peopleImprove decision making: Make more decisions using better, more complete information

CONSISTENCYImprove communication: Make sure different people receive the same communication Improve decision making: Make sure repetitive decisions are made in the same way

PRODUCTIVITYImprove communication: Achieve more communication with less effortImprove decision making: Make better decisions with less effort

CYCLE TIMEImprove communication: Eliminate undesirable delays in communicationImprove decision making: Eliminate unnecessary delays in decision making

FLEXIBILITYImprove communication: Permit communication in many different formsImprove decision making: Maintain decision quality across a wider range of situations

SECURITYImprove communication: Make sure communications go only to the intended recipientsImprove decision making: Make sure decisions are controlled only by those authorized to make the decisions

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Basic Communication Concepts• Social Context• Personal, Impersonal and Anonymous

Communication• Time, Place and Direction of Communication

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Table 5.3Communication Technologies Classified by Time and Place of Communication

SAME PLACE

Same time:

•Presentation systems

•Group decision support systems(GDSS)

Different time

•Transaction databases

•World Wide Web

•Electronic mai l

•Voice mail

DIFFERENT PLACESame time:

•Typical telephones

•Computer conferencing

•Video telephones and conferencing

•Nonrecorded radio or TV broadcast

Different time

•Transaction databases

•World Wide Web

•Electronic data interchange (EDI)

•Electronic mai l

•Voice mail

•Fax

•Prerecorded radio or TV broadcast

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Basic Communication Concepts

• Approaches for Improving Communication– Enhancing communications (presentation tools)– Self-service…deal with machines for simple stuff, let people

take the exceptions– Make things systematic and well-ordered– A richer language is developing…multimedia

• Can technology help us with the “spatially and temporally dislocated workforce?”

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Basic Decision Making Concepts• Steps in a Decision Process• Rationality and Satisficing• Common Flaws in Decision Making• Approaches for Improving Decision Making

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Decision-making steps

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How IT can counteract problems in the decision-making process

POOR FRAMINGDescription: Allowing a decision to be influenced excessively by the language used for describing the decisionHow an information system might help: Provide information encouraging different ways to think about the definition of the issue

RECENCY EFFECTSDescription: Giving undue weight to the most recent informationHow an information system might help: Provide information showing how the most recent information might not be representative

PRIMACY EFFECTSDescription: Giving undue weight to the first information received How an information system might help: Show how some information is inconsistent with the first information received

POOR PROBABILITY ESTIMATIONDescription: Overestimating the probability of familiar or dramatic events; underestimating the probability of negative eventsHow an information system might help: Make it easier to estimate probabilities based on pertinent data7-15

How IT can counteract problems in the decision-making process

OVERCONFIDENCEDescription: Believing too strongly in one’s own knowledgeHow an information system might help: Provide counterexamples or models showing that other conclusions might also make sense

ESCALATION PHENOMENADescription: Unwillingness to abandon courses of action decided upon previouslyHow an information system might help: Provide information or models showing how the current approach might give poor resultsASSOCIATION BIASDescription: Reusing strategies that were successful in the past, regardless of whether they fit the current situation How an information system might help: Provide information showing how the current situation differs from past situatioins

GROUPTHINKDescription: Bowing to group consensus and cohesiveness instead of bringing out unpopular biasHow an information system might help: Provide information inconsistent with the current consensus and prove its relevance

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Decision-making in action...

• Let’s discuss decisions that you’ve made recently• How about your decision to register for your

courseload…how did you decide?• How does this fit with the the phases and common

flaws we’ve discussed?

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Roles of Different Types of Information Systems in Communication and Decision Making

• Office Automation Systems: Supporting General Office Work• Communication Systems: Making Communication Effective and

Efficient• Transaction Processing Systems: Structuring Repetitive

Communication and Decision Processes• Management and Executive Information Systems: Providing

Information Systems for Management• Decision Support Systems: Providing Information and Tools for

Analytical Work• Execution Systems: Helping People do the Work that Provides

Value for Customers

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Office Automation Systems

• Spreadsheets• Text/Word processing• Presentation (e.g. Powerpoint)• Database systems• Others?

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Communication Systems• Teleconferencing (October 12th class will explore this

further)• Messaging

– Asynchronous (email, vmail)– Synchronous (chat & instant messaging)– Fax

• Is fax dead?

• Issues with messaging? • Groupware

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Transaction Processing Systems• We talked about this during our database discussions…• Systems that store data about transactions, which are

business “events” that generate information in a system

Management/Executive Information Systems• Support management decisions

– information about organizational performance and operation

• EIS provides this for senior management– adds information about external context of business– Focus on strategic, not tactical issues 7-21

Decision Support Systems• Provide support for analytical work• Tactical decision support

Closing• Konsep Dasar komunikasi• Konsep dasar pengambilan keputusan• Dukungan IS pada komunikasi dan pengambilan

keputusan

========== thanks 4 your attention ==========

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