korea magazine [march 2012 vol. 9 no. 3]
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
1/29
bisem3?93
|||*hfd*jdq
bisem 3?93
Efsjdngij Emdssw Cnfuufbu Cde\mdsd qmd cndih |gjqds sdedlfnadj enftau f f|dsu cnfu
Efbd ija Uqiw gj MijI qsiagqgfjin inqdsjiqg
qwpgein ieefbbfaiq
Hfsdij
FsgdjqinBdagegjdSdiemduFtq cdwfjaHfsdi
_sgjegpndf`wgjijawi
jlc
sgjluag
udiud
tja
dsefj
qsfn
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
2/29
I ; 6 *
C ; 6 * *
Qsw qf bihd i efjdsuiqgfj iu
utllduqda cw qmd `fnnf|gjl d}ibpnd*
Ndqu psieqged
\mdj wft bddq pdfpnd fs qmd suq qgbd. wft uiw mdnnf ija
gjqsfated wftsudn*
\miq isd qmd fsbtnige d}psduugfju tuda qf lsddq pdfpnd
gj Hfsdij6 Ija mf| |ftna af wft sdupfja qf utem lsddqgjl
Ndqu uqtaw mf| qf gjqsfated wftsudn gj Hfsdij*
-Ijjwdfjlmiudwf' gu tutinnw tuda
|mdj lsddqgjl dnadsu fs jd| pdfpnd*
\mdj lsddqgjl qmdb. gq gu pfngqd qf cf| wfts mdia*
Qmdud udjqdjed piqqdsju isd tuda qf lgd ija iuh fjdu
pdsufjin gj`fsbiqgfj*
" ija " & isd gbpfsqijq hdw qf bihd
i udjqdjed gj Hfsdij*
" gu iqqiemda qf i jftj dgqmds |mdj qmdsd gu efjjfqiqgfj f`
efjqsiuq |gqm ijfqmds utckdeq fs qf gjageiqd qmd qfpge |mgem
qmd updihds gu gjqdjagjl qf qinh icftq*
" & isd iqqiemda qf i jftj ija `tjeqgfju
nghd cd gj Djlngum*
G` qmd psdgftu jftj djau gj i efjufjijq. " `fnnf|u.
fj qmd fqmds mijag` qmd psdgftu jftj djau gj f|dn. " `fnnf|u*
Ndisj
6
Mdnnf*Ijjwdfjlmiudwf6
*
Gqu jged qf bddq wft*
Bijjiudf cijli|fwf*
* &&
*
Bw jibd gu Bgemidn* &&
G ib Jifhf*
Kdfjdtj Bgemidn"gdwf* &&
Kdfjdtj Jifhf"wdwf*
Uiw Mdnnfgj Hfsdij)
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
3/29
5=
Updegin GuutdUtn muu 3?93 jtensUetsg Utg
53
Jf| gj HfsdiE a U gmh6
3=
`duqginwlahU| Es @ugn
50
UpfsquUtneehu @nglmgl `s Lna
51
DjqdsqigjbdjqHsu @tugUlth
31
QsidnEsng Esscnuuu g Lts
90
_dfpndm|l ctl"hg. bus g EnuugenHs btuge
93
_dj & cstumN Alg. pgs Pltsa ` Hsis
33
UdftnLsutlgn. qsausupsa
3?
Lsdiq Hfsdijj"kt pgh. @s `Pga is
efjqdjqubisem 3?93 Pfn*7 jf*5
?3
Udeqgfj 9
Emisieqdsguqgeu ija\fsna|gad Sdptqiqgfj
Udeqgfj 3
Qmdsipgdu f HfsdijFsgdjqin Bdagegjd
Udeqgfj 5
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin BdagegjdEfjjdeqgjl |gqm qmd \fsna
Efds UqfswHfsdij FsgdjqinBdagegjd
Sdiemdu Ftqcdwfja Hfsdi
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
4/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem3
efpds uqfsw
Hfsdij Fsdjqin bdaejd -HFB' cdlij qf
iqqsieq |fsna|ad iqqdjqfj |mdj Afjltg
cflib |iu juescda fj qmd Bdbfsw f` qmd
\fsna Sdluqds cw TJDUEF j 3??7* Hfsdij
Fsdjqin bdaejd d|u qmd mtbij cfaw
iu i ubinn tjdsud j qudn` ija iqqdbpqu
qf etsd audiud cw adjq`wjl ija mijanjl
qu `tjaibdjqin eitudu* gq u |dnefbda iu i
bdaejd f` qmd `tqtsd ija u upsdiajl ytehnw
isftja qmd |fsna* gjesdiujlnw bijw `fsdljdsuuq Uftqm Hfsdi qf sdedd Hfsdij Fsdjqin
bdaejd qsdiqbdjq. ija HFB afeqfsu qsidn
qf addnfpjl eftjqsdu qf psfad fntjqisw
bdaein udsedu qf qmfud j jdda*cw Ndd Ktjl"dtj. Hgb Bgj"udfj. emtjl Ai"wftjl & pmfqflsipmu cw Hgb Kgj"mdd & ffpdsiqgfj
sfb Hwtjl Mdd Tjgdsugqw Fsgdjqin Mfupgqin. Hfsdi Gjuqgqtqd f` Fsgdjqin Bdaggjd. HfsdijFsgdjqin Bdaggjd Udsgd Qdib Icsfia. Kiudjl Mfupgqin f` Fsgdjqin Bdaggjd. Cidhat engjgf Fsgdjqin Bdaggjd. ija Mdf Ktj Bdtudtb
HfsdijFsgdjqinBdagegjdSdiemduFtq CdwfjaHfsdi_sgjegpnd f` wgj ija wijlcsgjlu agudiud tjads efjqsfn
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
5/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem1
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd -HFB' dlij qf iqqsieq |fsna|gadiqqdjqgfj |mdj Afjltg cflib |iu gjuesgda fj qmdBdbfsw f qmd \fsna Sdlguqds w TJDUEF gj 3??7* Qmgu |iu qmd
suq ffh f bdagegjd qf bihd gqu |iw fjqf qmd nguq* Qmd ffh gu
ij djewenfpdagi efbpgnda fds 94 wdisu w MDF Ktj. emgd sfwin
pmwugegij qf Hgjl Udfjkf f qmd Kfudfj Awjiuqw. isftja 90??*
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd gu i sdniqgdnw jd| qdsb* Gq sddsu qf
qmd bdagegjd jiqgd qf Hfsdi addnfpda fds i pdsgfa f jdisnw
q|f qmftuija wdisu iqds dgjl lsiqda |gqm qsiagqgfjin Emgjdud
bdagegjd* Gq mia ddj einnda qsiagqgfjin Hfsdij bdagegjd ugjed
97=0 tjqgn sdedjqnw* cdfsd qmiq. gq |iu ugbpnw sddssda qf iu
qsiagqgfjin Fsgdjqin bdagegjd*
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd sddsu qf i sijld f qsiagqgfjin
bdagein psieqgedu iuda fj Iugij pmgnfufpmw. |mgem gqudn |iu
Ij Ijegdjq Bdagein QsiagqgfjTjgytd qf HfsdiIsftja q|f qmftuija wdisu ilf. Hfsdij bdaejd |iu lsi`qda |qm qsiaqfjin Emjdud bdaejd ija
qmdsdi`qds addnfpda jadpdjadjqnw iu Hfsdij Fsdjqin bdaejd* Ndqu mid i csd` nffh iq
Hfsdij Fsdjqin bdaejd. qu |fsna|ad uqiqtu. ija qu qsdiqbdjq bdqmfau*
ftja gj jiqtsd* Qmdud isd emdbgeinnw bfuq ugbgn
qmd mtbij faw. |gqm qmd sdutnq qmiq qmdw emijld
efjagqgfj f qmd mtbij faw ija fnuqds gbbtjg
qmd agudiud. psddjqgjl ijw pfuuggngqw f ldsbu misb
qmd faw* Ufbd fsdgljdsu sdlisa mdsin bdagegjd ugbp
mdinqm utppndbdjqu. tq qmgu gu i bguefjedpqgfj isgugjl
pffs tjadsuqijagjl f Fsgdjqin bdagegjd*
Iu d}pnigjda uf is. Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd ija \du
bdagegjd qihd dsw agdsdjq ippsfiemdu |gqm sdlis
pmwugfnflw. agiljfugu. ija qsdiqbdjq* _sieqgqgfjdsu f Hf
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd ija \duqdsj bdagegjd umftna. qmdsd
uqsgd qf sdefjegnd qmd agdsdjq uwuqdbu qf ptsutd addnfpb
gj qijadb w ndisjgjl sfb ija djdqqgjl diem fqmds*
Mguqfsw f` Hfsdij fsgdjqin Bdagegjd
Emgjdud bdagegjd |iu gjqsfateda gj H
atsgjl qmd Qmsdd Hgjlafbu pdsgfa -4<
00='* Gq iuutbda gqu f|j tjgytd jiqts
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd ija miu u
addnfpda utuqijqginnw. qmsftlm qmd Lf
Awjiuqw -79="9573'. qmd Kfudfj Awjiuqw -9
979?'. ija tp qf qmd psdudjq aiw* Gq iaijed
ij dupdeginnw bishda d}qdjq atsgjl qmd Kf
pdsgfa* Utem bdagein efnndeqgfju iu Mwijl
Kgpudfjlijl-Efbpgniqgfj f Jiqgd Hfs
_sduesgpqgfju. 9155' ija Tgijl Wtem|g-Eniuu
Efnndeqgfj f Bdagein _sduesgpqgfju. 9114' |
efbpgnda iq qmd gjuqsteqgfj f Hgjl Udkfjl
Lsdiq. qmd ftsqm bfjisem f Kfudfj* Qmdud d
niga qmd ftjaiqgfj fs Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdag
qf iaijed iuda fj bfsd gjadpdjadjq. gj"adpqm. ija d}qdj
sdudisem* Niqds. atsgjl qmd sdglj f Hgjl Udfjkf -s* 940
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
6/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem0
gu uqgnn dsw uqsfjl qfaiw*
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd |iu gj gqu psgbd |mdj \duqdsj
bdagegjd |iu |mfnnw gjqsfateda gj qmd |ijgjl wdisu f qmd
Kfudfj Awjiuqw -9==4'* Gq gbbdagiqdnw dlij qf iad gsqtinnw
aguippdisgjl atsgjl qmd Kipijdud efnfjgin pdsgfa -979?"9714'*
Ddj gj qmd bguq f qmgu adengjd. mf|dds. Ndd Kd"bi -9=5="97??'
psfateda jfqind sdudisem jagjlu ija ptq fs|isa i jd| qmdfsw
f uiuijl efjuqgqtqgfjin bdagegjd. fs bdagegjd fj qmd iugu f qmd
fts qwpdu f efjuqgqtqgfju* Md adjda qmd fts efjuqgqtqgfju. fs
emdkgn. iuda fj pdfpndu pdsufjingqgdu. agudiudu qmdw isd psfjd
qf efjqsieq. qmd ffau qmdw nghd. ija puwemfnflgein qsigqu. ija md
bigjqigjda qmiq qsdiqbdjq umftna qihd gjqf ieeftjq qmd emdkgn f i
piqgdjq fs bi}gbtb djdq*
Iqds i jdis efbpndqd mgiqtu tjads Kipijdud efnfjgin stnd.
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd d}pdsgdjeda i sdjiguuijed fnnf|gjl
jiqgfjin ngdsiqgfj gj 9714* Gj qmd 97
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
7/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem=
bdagegjd updeggdu qmd qmdsipdtqge qsdiqbdjqu qf d sdjadsdaiuda fj qmd agiljfugu f qmd piqgdjqu efjagqgfj* Qmdud qsdiqbdjqu
gjentad ietptjeqtsd. etppgjl. bf}gtuqgfj. d}dsegud. ija agdqisw
qmdsipw iu |dnn iu qmd afeqfsu updege agsdeqgfju ija iaged qf qmd
piqgdjq iuda fj qmd emisieqdsguqgeu f qmd piqgdjq. gjentagjl mgu fs
mds efjuqgqtqgfj*
Gj ietptjeqtsd qmdsipw. qmd psduesgpqgfj updeggdu qmd
ietptjeqtsd pfgjqu qmiq efssdupfja qf qmd piqgdjqu updegge
ignbdjqu fs uwbpqfbu. fs ugqdu qf d qsdiqda utem iu ndlu. jldsu.
ija qfdu* Gq gu inuf tuda gj qmd uibd bijjds gj bf}gtuqgfj.
d}dsegud qmdsipw. agdqisw qmdsipw. ija fqmds iignind qmdsipgdu*
Ieefsagjl qf qmgu jissf| adgjgqgfj f qmd psduesgpqgfj. qmd
agiljfugu adqdsbgjdu |mgem bdagegjdu isd qf d iabgjguqdsda
qf qmd piqgdjq ija mf|* Gq djqignu psdpisgjl i sdbdaw w bg}gjl
i jtbds f bdagegjin utuqijedu gj psdegud afuildu ija
iabgjguqdsgjl qmdb qf qmd piqgdjq*
Bdagegjin qmdsipw ldjdsinnw gjfndu |miq isd einnda ufdsdglj.
bgjguqds. iuuguqijq. ija eftsgds bdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu* Ufdsdglj
gjlsdagdjqu ugljgw qmd psgbisw bdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu f qmd
psduesgpqgfj* Bgjguqds gjlsdagdjqu sdds qf bdagegjin utuqijedu
ija utppndbdjqu qmiq mdnp qmd iabgjguqsiqgfj f qmd psgbisw
bdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu. fnuqdsgjl qmdgs ddeqgdjduu* Iuuguqijq
gjlsdagdjqu jdtqsing{d ijw pfuugnd qf}gegqw f qmd ufdsdgljbdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu ija sdngdd qmdgs ugad ddequ* Eftsgds
gjlsdagdjqu mdnp qmd ieqgd gjlsdagdjqu |fsh fj qmd qisldq ugqdu
f qmd faw ija qdbpds qmd tjeqgfju f qmd gjlsdagdjq bg}qtsd*
Ktktd. ngefsged. ija lgjlds isd qmd qmsdd bfuq sdytdjqnw tuda
eftsgds bdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu*
iet_tjeqtsd
I jddand eij d tuda iu i bdagein qffn qf qsdiq agudiudu gj mtbiju
ija ijgbinu* Ietptjeqtsd gu qmd qsdiqbdjq f gnnjduu fs pigj w
uqgehgjl jddandu gjqf qmd faw* Ieefsagjl qf isgftu mguqfsgein
ieeftjqu. ietptjeqtsd fsglgjiqda gj qmd diuqdsj pisq f Emgji
iakiedjq qf qmd Hfsdij _djgjutni ija upsdia qmsftlmftq Diuq Iugi*
Gq gu dngdda qmiq jddandu |dsd suq tuda fs bdagein ptspfudu
gj qmd Uqfjd Ild* Qmd fnaduq ietptjeqtsd qffn gu i uqfjd jddand*
Gq |iu biad w ls gjagjl uqfjd fs kiad gjqf ij i|n fs |dald* Utem
i uqfjd jddand |iu tuda qf uqgbtniqd qmd uhgj. qf eitud nffa"
ndqqgjl w uminnf| psgehgjl. fs qf uytdd{d ptu ftq* Gj psgbgqgd
ufegdqgdu. pdfpnd biw mid utdsda sfb bfsd isgftu hgjau f
iemdu. pigju. ija |ftjau iu qmdw ngda gj mgnnw fs aish ija mtbga
isdiu* Qmgu lgdu tu entdu iu qf mf| i uqfjd jddand btuq mid
efbd gjqf tud*
Qmdsd isd jgjd ldjdsin qwpdu f eniuugein ietptjeqtsd jddandu
ieefsagjl qf ug{d. umipd. ija tud; qmd umdis jddand. sftja"pfgjqda
jddand. upffj jddand. nijed jddand. uqgndqqf jddand. sftja"umisp
jddand. ngfsb jddand. nfjl jddand. ija gl jddand* Jddandu isd
qwpgeinnw tuda qf psgeh qmd uhgj fs btuend. addpnw fs uminnf|*Ufbdqgbdu i hjgd"nghd jddand gu tuda qf etq qmd uhgj ija uytdd{d
ftq nffa fs ptu fs qf asi| uqiljijq |iqds ftq sfb i kfgjq* F
qmdud jgjd eniuugein jddandu. ngfsb jddandu isd tuda bfuq |gadnw
gj ietptjeqtsd* Qmdw isd 3"9< edjqgbdqdsu nfjl ija sdniqgdnw qmgj
iq ?*3"?*1 bgnngbdqdsu gj qmgehjduu* Fjed uqteh gjqf qmd uhgj. qmdw
eij d ndq fs i |mgnd pisqginnw dbdaada gj qmd uhgj |gqmftq
eitugjl gssgqiqgfj*
Ietptjeqtsd miu ddj tuda qf qsdiq inn hgjau f agudiudu gjentagjl
gjqdsjin. utslgein. lwjdefnflge. pdagiqsge. fqfsmgjfniswjlfnflge. ija
fpmqminbfnflge agudiudu w efjqsfnngjl qmd nf| f lg* Gq miu inuf
ddj tuda fs ijduqmdugi. agiljfugu. ija qmd qsdiqbdjq f ijgbinu* Gj
iaagqgfj. ietptjeqtsd gu tuda qf mdnp pdfpnd ytgq ubfhgjl ija ddj
gj pniuqge utsldsw* Ietptjeqtsd psfgadu ytgeh sdngd ija sdefdsw
sfb upsigju. gjaglduqgfj. emgnasdju efjtnugfju. ija ietqd agudiudu
utem iu qfjugnngqgu. efjktjeqggqgu. ija uwjefpd* @fs emsfjge agudiudu
utem iu jdtsinlgi. ija awupmiugi. uiqguieqfsw sdutnqu sdytgsd nfjl"
qdsb qsdiqbdjq*
Bf}gCtuqgfj
Bf}gtuqgfj qsdiqu agudiudu w mdiq uqgbtniqgfj* I astl biqdsgin
gu tsjda fj i edsqigj upfq f qmd uhgj. fs utem upfq gu d}pfuda qf
qmd mfq ubfhd sfb qmd tsjgjl biqdsgin* Qmd bfuq fqdj t
biqdsgin gu asgda btl|fsq* ciugeinnw. bf}gtuqgfj sigudu qmd
qdbpdsiqtsd. uf gq eij d tuda fs inn agudiudu |gqm i efna jiqts
\mgnd ietptjeqtsd qdbpfsisgnw bihdu wft nfud lgtj -djds
bf}gtuqgfj sigudu wfts lgtj. bihgjl gq ddeqgd fs qsdiqbdj
djdsiqgfj atd qf i nieh f kdfjllg -gqingqw' ija emsfjge agud
qmiq efjutbd wfts djdslw*
Qmdsd isd q|f qwpdu f bf}gtuqgfj; agsdeq ija gjagsdeq* Gj
agsdeq bdqmfa. asgda btl|fsq gu tsjda agsdeqnw fj qmd uhgj
qmd upfq duqdsu. |mgem gj qtsj gbpsfdu wfts efjuqgqtqgfj
gbbtjgqw* Gj qmd gjagsdeq bdqmfa. qmd uhgj afdu jfq mid agefjqieq |gqm qmd tsjgjl btl|fsq. tq gu fjnw d}pfuda qf qmd
dbgqqda sfb gq*
et__gjl
Efbpisda |gqm ietptjeqtsd. etppgjl gu siqmds ugbpnd*
pnied i uteqgfj etp fj i lwdfjlmwdfn -ietptjeqtsd pfgjq' f
uhgj |gqm gqu bftqm af|j ija iettb qmd etp tugjl mdiq
efbpsduugfj ptbp uf qmiq qmd etp |gnn qglmqnw iamdsd qf qmd
Qmd upfq uffj defbdu efjlduqda |gqm nffa* Qmgu psfeduu
d tuda qf emijld qmd nffa efbpfugqgfj fs qf sdbfd ia
sfb egsetniqgfj* Qmd psfeduu inuf ieqgiqdu liu d}emijldu gj
faw. |mgem gj qtsj iegngqiqdu bdqifngub ija uqgbtniqdu
itqfjfbftu jdsftu uwuqdb* Iu i sdutnq. aglduqgfj. addeiqgfj.
unddp isd gbpsfda*
Etppgjl gu iugeinnw dgqmds |dq fs asw* Gj |dq etppgjl.
uteqgfj etp gu nislds qmij qmd nffa"d}qsieqgfj isdi* Eit
umftna d d}dseguda qf jfq d}qsieq bfsd qmij 9? ee f nffa
uduugfj* Asw etppgjl afdu jfq gjfnd nffa"ndqqgjl. tq
ippngdu uteqgfj fj qmd uhgj* Qmgu gu tuda fs piqgdjqu |mf isd d
fs |mdj qmd ptspfud f qsdiqbdjq eij d iemgdda w fj
emijld gj nffa efbpfugqgfj*
Ugjed gq gu diugds qf pnied i etp fds i nislds isdi qmiq efj
i lwdfjlmwdfn qmij qf uqgeh i jddand gjqf utem i pfgjq d}ie
etppgjl miu nfjl ddj i efbbfj fnh qmdsipw* Bijw ibgngd
Uftqm Hfsdi psieqged etppgjl w qmdbudndu ddj qfaiw qf
nglmq pigju utem iu i uqg umftnads*
eMtji Bijtin qMdsi_w
Emtji gu i qmdsipw qmiq psddjqu ija etsdu agudiud w qip
fs biuuilgjl lwdfjlmwdfn ija lwdfjljih -bdsgagiju8 piqm|
f lg' fj qmd utsied f qmd faw |gqm qmd pf|ds ippngda w
jldsqgpu ija pinbu* Gq mdnpu qf uqsghd i inijed f lg"mwdfn -dj
fs qmd fsliju'. iegngqiqd qmd jiqtsin f| f lg qmsftlm lwdfjl
ija gbpsfd bdqifngub ija qmd fawu sduguqijed qf ld
Emtji miu inuf gj sdedjq wdisu efbd gjqf |gad tud qf sdeqgw u
ija kfgjq psfndbu fs qf gbpsfd nffa egsetniqgfj*
ciugeinnw. bf}gtuqgfj sigudu qmd faw qdbpdsiqtsd. uf gq eij d tuda`fs inn agudiudu |gqm efna jiqtsd*
Ktktd. ngefsged. ija lgjlds isd qmd qmsdd bfuq `sdytdjqnw tuda eftsgds bdagegjin gjlsdagdjqu*
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
8/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem9?
Hfsdij FsgdjqinBdagegjd
Efjjdeqgjl |gqmqmd \fsna
Udeqgfj 5
_sfduufs Emfg adenisdu qmiq qmd |iw lg |fshugj wfts faw gu sdniqda qf wfts mdinqm; wft eijdefbd mdinqmgds. efjqsieq i agudiud. fs sdefds sfb
i agudiud* Md uqsduudu qmiq qmgu efjedsju jfq fjnw wfts
faw tq inuf wfts bgja. uf ptqqgjl fqm qmd faw
ija bgja sglmq gu dsw gbpfsqijq*
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd sddsu psgbisgnw qf ietptjeqtsd
ija Fsgdjqin bdagegjdu qmiq fsglgjiqda gj Emgji.
tq gq addnfpda agdsdjqnw gj Hfsdi. Emgji. ija
Kipij* Hfsdiu Fsgdjqin bdagegjd. fs Hfsdij Fsgdjqin
bdagegjd. afdu jfq fjnw fetu fj qmd agudiud
gqudn8 gq addpnw efjugadsu qmd efjuqgqtqgfj f qmd
piqgdjq* Tjnghd qsiagqgfjin Emgjdud bdagegjd. |mgem
dbpmiug{du qsiagqgfj. Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd
tpmfnau qmd gbpfsqijed f psieqgeingqw* @tsqmdsbfsd.
qmd fsglgjingqw f Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd
uqijau ftq* Uiuijl efjuqgqtqgfjin bdagegjd. Uiib
ietptjeqtsd qmdfsw. ija fqmds qsdiqbdjq uwuqdbu
utgqind fs qmd Hfsdiju mid ddj addnfpda*
Qsiagqgfjin Emgjdud bdagegjd utdsda fs ufbd
qgbd iqds qmd ftjagjl f qmd Sdptnge f Emgji
gj 9793 iu qmd lfdsjbdjq psddssda \duqdsj
bdagegjd. tq ugjed qmd ftjagjl f qmd _dfpndu
Sdptnge f Emgji gj 9717. qsiagqgfjin Emgjdud
bdagegjd miu addnfpda gj qijadb |gqm \duqdsj
bdagegjd* Gj Kipij. qmd lfdsjbdjq ptsutda
\duqdsjg{iqgfj ifngumgjl qsiagqgfjin Fsgdjqin
bdagegjd fnnf|gjl qmd Bdgkg Sduqfsiqgfj gj 9=0=.
tq qsiagqgfjin Kipijdud bdagegjd gu ffbgjl iligj*
Jiqgfjin mdinqm gjutsijed efdsu 91= psduesgpqgfju
f Fsgdjqin bdagegjd qfaiw*
HfB lfdu lnfCin qMsftlM
gjqdsjiqgfjin uqijaisag{iqgfj
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd fsglgjiqda gj Emgji. tq gq gu
Hfsdi qmiq miu uwuqdbg{da gq qmsftlm g jadpdjad
sdudisem. uiwu _sfduufs Emfg* Hfsdi gu pniwgjl
qmd ndiagjl sfnd gj qmd g jqdsjiqgfjin dfsqu qf
uqijaisag{d Fsgdjqin bdagegjd*
Md efjqgjtdu. Ietptjeqtsd. bf}gtuqgfj.
Fsgdjqin sdbdagdu. ija fqmds qsdiqbdjqu f
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd mid nfjl ddj hjf|j qf d
ddeqgd qf lfdsj qmd faw. tq i nieh f uegdjqg
utuqijqgiqgfj miu mgjadsda gqu lnfing{iqgfj*
_sfduufs Emfg uiwu qmiq Uftqm Hfsdi. Emgji. i
Kipij mid ddj ndiagjl qmd gjgqgiqgd qf duqingum
uegdjqge dgadjed ija d}pnijiqgfju f Fsgdjqin
bdagegjd ija qf uwuqdbg{d gq*
_fptniqgfj ilgjl miu defbd i udsgftu
psfndb isftja qmd |fsna. ija adupgqd qmd uqdnni
addnfpbdjq f \duqdsj bdagegjd. emsfjge agud
ija adldjdsiqgd agudiud isd uqgnn sibpijq. jfqd
_sfduufs Emfg* Md iaau. Gj qmiq dgj. Hfsdij
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd gu ddeqgd ija miu d|ds ugad
ddequ. ija gq gu qmd bdagegjd f qmd tqtsd*
Bdagegjd qmiq fetudu fj qmd mtbij faw.
jfq agudiud. ija bdagegjd qmiq efjugadsu qmd
efjuqgqtqgfj f diem gjaggatinqmiq gu Hfsdij
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd. ija qmiq umftna d qmd bdage
f ija fs qmd |fsna* Qf qmgu dja. qmd Uftqm Hfsd
lfdsjbdjq ija qmfud djlilda gj Hfsdij Fsgdj
bdagegjd isd afgjl qmdgs tqbfuq. uiwu _sfduufs
Emfg gj efjentugfj*
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd. etuqfbg{da ija `fs|isa"nffhgjl
Emfg Af"wftjl-Adptqw Agsdqfs f` Hwtjl Mdd Tjgdsugqw Fsgdjqin Mfupgqin'
Adptqw Asdeqfs Emf Af"wftjl dbpmiu{du qmiq Hfsdij Fsdjqin bdaejd u
`tnn f` |uafb ieetbtniqda fds mtjasdau fs ddj qmftuijau f` wdisu*
gq u jfq ubpnw inqdsjiqd bdaejd. ctq bfadsj. etuqfb{da bdaejd*
gjqdspgd\
lffa addau `sfB HfB afeqfsu
Fdsudiu fntjqdds |fsh w Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd psieqgqgfjdsu
gu nda w qmd Hfsdij Fsgdjqin Bdagegjd Udsged Qdib Isfia
-HFBUQI'* HFBUQI |iu efjedgda gj 9775 |mdj i lsftp f
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd afeqfsu dlij qf psfgad bdagein udsged
gj Jdpin iu fntjqddsu* Qmd lsftp eissgda ftq fntjqdds |fsh ddsw
wdis. ija gj 977= HFBUQI |iu feginnw ftjada ija sdlguqdsda iu i
jfjpsfq fslijg{iqgfj |gqm qmd Bgjguqsw f Mdinqm ija \dnisd*
HFBUQI afeqfsu udsd gj addnfpgjl eftjqsgdu inn fds qmd
|fsna qf psfgad bdagein udsgedu qf qmfud |mf isd bfuq gj jdda
f bdagein mdnp* Uf is. qmd fslijg{iqgfj miu udjq Hfsdij Fsgdjqin
bdagegjd fntjqdds lsftpu qf 3< eftjqsgdu gj Isgei. Iugi. ija
Dtsfpd. ija qmdw mid qsdiqda fds 95?.??? piqgdjqu*
Iq psdudjq. dglmq Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd afeqfsu isd uqiqgfjda
iu nfjl"qdsb sdugadjqu gj Hi{ihmuqij. T{dhguqij. Bfjlfngi. ija
Pgdqjib* Ubinnds lsftpuisd udjq isfia gd qf
qdj qgbdu ijjtinnw qf
psfgad bdagein udsgedu
ija agudiud"psddjqgfj
qsigjgjl*
HFBUQI bdbdsu
jfq fjnw qsdiq piqgdjqu
tq i n uf q s i gj nfein
afeqfsu uf qmiq qmdw
eij efjqgjtd qf qsdiq
qmdgs piqgdjqu fjed qmd
Hfsdij afeqfsu ndid qmd
eftjqsw* I lffa d}ibpnd f qmgu dfsq gu qmd Usg Nijhi
Ietptjeqtsd Bdagein Udsged Qdib -UIBUQ' fslijg{da
w Usg Nijhij qsiagqgfjin bdagegjd afeqfsu* As* Mij
Lwt"dfj. |mf nda qmd psfkdeq. pida qmd |iw fs Usg
Nijhij afeqfsu qf qsdiq qmdgs piqgdjqu |gqm Hfsdij
Fsgdjqin bdagegjd* Ugjed 3???. HFBUQI miu ddj
psfbfqgjl Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd w qsdiqgjl fds
3?.??? nfeinu ija psfgagjl bdagein utppngdu qf UIBUQ
afeqfsu*
i jd| iqqsieqgfj `fs Hfsdij qftsguB
Bfsd ija bfsd fsdglj qftsguqu isd gugqgjl Uftqm Hfsdi ddsw wdis
fs qmd ufnd ptspfud f sdedggjl qsdiqbdjqu f Hfsdij Fsgdjqin
bdagegjd* Niuq wdis infjd. fds i 9??.??? gugqfsu sfb Kipij. Mfjl
Hfjl. ija Qmignija eibd qf Uftqm Hfsdi fs qsdiqbdjq. ija qmgu
wdis. qmd jtbds gu fsdeiuq qf d}edda 94?.???*
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd miu ligjda |fsna|gad sdefljgqgfj
ija ieenibiqgfj dds ugjed qmd qdndgugfj asibiAid Kijl Ldtb
-Kd|dn gj qmd _inied' igsda gj 3??5 ija deibd i gl mgq |gqm
gd|dsu gj fds 34 eftjqsgdu* Qmd pfptnis asibi gu iuda fj qmd
qstd uqfsw f i niaw |mfud jibd gu dngdda qf mid ddj UDF
Kijl"ldtb. qmd gsuq dbind emgd sfwin pmwugegij f qmd Kfudfj
Awjiuqw* Qmd asibi eipqgiqda fsdglj gd|dsu iu qmd mdsfgjd
ufnda bdagein bwuqdsgdu ija mdinda piqgdjqu qmsftlm qmd pf|dsu
f Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd iu |dnn iu mds |guafb. psflsduugd
upgsgq. ija pdsuddsijed* Isadjq ijuuffj dlij efbgjl qf Uftqm Hfsdi gj
asfdu ija hjfehda fj qmd affsu f
Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd engjgeu ija
mfupgqinu fs agiljfugu ija qsdiqbdjq*
Qmd Uftqm Hfsdij lfdsjbdjq gu
fetugjl fj Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd
iu qmd jd}q qftsgub qmdbd ija uddhu qf
iqqsieq 4??.??? fsdgljdsu i wdis w 3?95*
Mfupgqinu isd uddgjl piqgdjqu sfb Kipij
ija Emgji ija inuf sfb Stuugi ija qmd
Bgaand Diuq* Hfsdij Fsgdjqin bdagegjd
engjgeu updeging{gjl gj adsbiqfnflw ija
iduqmdqgeu isd dsw pfptnis
ibfjl dbind gugqfsu. tq
engjgeu ija mfupgqinu isd
udisemgjl fs jd| |iwu
qf psfgad bfsd d}qdjugd
udsgedu fs nfjl"qdsb
gugqfsu w d}pijagjl
qsdiqbdjq fs agdq. upgjd.
ija kfgjq sdniqda gnnjduudu*
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
9/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem93
pdj & cstum
_igjqds Ndd Afjlg esdiqda Iqfbitu cw efbcgjgjlq|f ibftu emisieqdsu; Iqfb. ij fna Kipijdudefbge emisieqds inuf hjf|j iu Iuqsf Cfw. ija
Bgehdw Bftud. \inq Agujdwu bfuq gefjge esdiqgfj*
Qmgu jd| emisieqds miu qmd migsuqwnd f Iqfb ija
qmd ied f Bgehdw Bftud. mdjed qmd jibd Iqfbitu*
Nffhgjl emtbbw ija etaanw. Iqfbitu ngdu
qmsftlm ftqds upied. diqu jffandu. ija ugjlu gj i sfeh
cija* Mf|dds. md feeiugfjinnw ubfhdu eglisu ija
iqqdbpqu utgegad* Iqfbitu gu qmd ieqgd psfqilfjguq gj
qmd |fsna f Nddu |fshu* Qmd emisieqds gu Nddu inqds
dlf* Gj ieq. qmdw ddj sdudbcnd diem fqmds*
Iqfbitu iu G efjedgd gq miu jf g}da gadjqgqw*
Gqu pdsufjingqw efjuqijqnw emijldu* Iqfbitu gu dsw
btem nghd ijw ieqfs fs ieqsduu |mf pniwu agdsdjqsfndu gj agdsdjq |fshu*
Iu i hga. Ndd lsd| tp |gqm Kipiju Iqfb ija
Ibdsgeiu Bgehdw Bftud* Qmdgs eisqffju mia i
jdisnw tcgytgqftu psdudjed gj qmd cfwu ngd* Iu i
efnndld uqtadjq bikfsgjl gj pigjqgjl. Ndd pdsuguqdjqnw
qsgda qf gjqsfated eisqffjguqge gbildu gjqf isq. ija
qmgu djadifs jinnw cfsd stgq |gqm qmd esdiqgfj f
Iqfbitu gj 9775* Mf|dds. |mdj qmd jd| emisieqds
|iu tjdgnda qf qmd ptcnge gj ij d}mgcgqgfj qmd
fnnf|gjl wdis. qmd sdupfjud |iu jfq d}ieqnw dsdjq*
Mgu itagdjed |iu pmndlbiqge qf|isa mgu csigjemgna*
Gj qmiq aiw. bw |fsh |iu d}qsdbdnw d}pdsgbdjqin*
Gq |iu ij tjibgngis. uqtpdjaftu qmgjl qf itagdjedu
ija esgqgeu inghd cdeitud |miq G d}mgcgqda gj ij
isq linndsw nffhda nghd eisqffju. |mgem |dsd ciehqmdj efjugadsda qf cd psfatequ f biuu etnqtsd ija
utcetnqtsd. uiwu qmgu iadjqtsftu isqguq. iaagjl. Gq
|iu qicff qf adin |gqm eisqffj gbildu gj jd isq.
ctq G |ijqda qf ubium qmd qicff ija uqsgad gjqf i
jd| ldjsd*
Ndd Afjlg |iu uqsfjlnw gj`tdjeda cw Ibdsgeij
NDD Afjlgi _gjqds fj qmd Pjltsa f` Hfsdj isq
_igjqds Ndd Afjlg pgfjddsda qmd ldjsd f` pfp isq gj Hfsdi |gqm qmd emisieqds Iqfbitu* Ndqu d}pnfsd qmd qstnw
fsglgjin |fshu f` Ndd* cw Hgb Bgj"udfj & pmfqflsipmu cw Ndd Bgj"mdd
pfuq"bfadsjgub f qmd 97=?u* Md |iu iuegjiqda
dupdeginnw cw qmd |fshu f Egjaw Umdsbij. ij
Ibdsgeij pmfqflsipmds ija gnbbihds* Gj qmd
psfeduu. md jiqtsinnw ligjda i addp tjadsuqijagjl
f Ijaw \ismfn. i psfbgjdjq pfp isqguq* Ndd
|ijqda qf qdis af|j qmd cftjaisgdu cdq|ddj qmd
jd isqu ija qmd pfptnis isqu iu \ismfn mia afjd*
Eisqffju ija efbgeu |dsd aitcda |gqm gbildu
qmiq sdpsdudjq biuu etnqtsd ija utcetnqtsd. |mgnd
icuqsieq isq mia qmd nicdnu f gjd isq ija mglm
etnqtsd. ctq Ndd uftlmq cinijed cdq|ddj ija ef"
d}guqdjed f efjqsiuqgjl qmgjluicuqsieqgfjgub
ija sdpsdudjqiqgfjingub. upgsgq ija biqqds. ija
biuu ija mglm etnqtsd*
Tjqgn qmd 97=?u. Hfsdij efjqdbpfsisw isq |iu eniuuggda iu icuqsieq isq ija |miq gu einnda
bgjktjl isq. fs qmd pdfpndu isq. |mgem einnda fs
adbfesiqg{iqgfj ija jiqgfjin sdtjgeiqgfj* Disnw gj
qmd 977?u. jd| isqguqu |mf cdnfjlda qf jdgqmds f
qmd q|f eibpu cdlij qf ippdis. ija Nddu pfp isq
biad i cgl upnium gj qmd Uftqm Hfsdij isq |fsna*
Esdiqgfj f` iqfbitu iu
ij inqds dlf
Iqfbitu Diqgjl Jffandu gu fjd f qmd bfuq |dnn
hjf|j gbildu f qmd Iqfbitu udsgdu* Ugjed gq
biad gqu suq ippdisijed gj 3??3. icftq 3? pgdedu
mid efbd ftq* Qmd |iw Iqfbitu diqu nfjl. etsw
jffandu nffhu ugbpnd ija glfsftu* Ndd uiwu md
|ijqda qf umf| i lngbpud f Fsgdjqin etnqtsd|mdsd emfpuqgehu isd tuda* Md gjau gq gjqsgltgjl
qmiq i bdsd pigs f emfpuqgehu eij cd tuda iu
sddnw iu g qmdw |dsd pisq f qmd cfaw* Qmd sdaagum
ciehlsftjajfq inn ciehlsftjau isd sda. qmftlm
uqsghdu i uqish efjqsiuq |gqm qmd wdnnf| jffandu
ija dfhdu ij Fsgdjqin bffa* Gj Iugi. jffandu isd
Iqfbitu Diqgjl Jffandu gu fjd f` qmd bfuq |dnn hjf|j gbildu f` qmd Iqfbitu u
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
10/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem91
uwbcfnge f nfjldgqw. uf qmdw isd enfudnw iuufegiqda
|gqm qmd ieq f bihgjl |gumdu* Bfsd |fshu f qmd
Iqfbitu Diqgjl Jffandu udsgdu |gnn efbd ftq* Ndd
tjadsqffh qmd etssdjq pgded gj 3??=. fds qmsdd
wdisu ilf. ija gu uqgnn |fshgjl fj gq. |mgem umf|u
mf| btem nfd ija djdslw md miu pftsda gjqf gq*
Gj qmd @nf|ds Lisadj udsgdu. Iqfbitu nffhu ftq
fds i nijaueipd cdupdehnda |gqm nf|dsu* Qmguudqqgjl gu cfssf|da sfb ij Fsgdjqin pigjqgjl einnda
Lfui L|ijutaf;I Udfjcg Fdsnffhgjl \iqdscw
Hijl Mtg"ij. i Hfsdij pigjqds f qmd 94 qm edjqtsw.
gj |mgem iudfjcg-uemfnis'ufbd uiw md gu i Qifguq
mdsbgqgu nwgjl fj mgu uqfbiem fj mglm sfehu
fdsnffhgjl qmd |iqds cdnf|* Nghd|gud. Iqfbitu
inuf efjqdbpniqdu jiqtsd iu i Qifguq mdsbgq |ftna*
Qmd bfqg f nf|dsu gu qihdj sfb Ijaw \ismfnu
@nf|dsudsgdu*
Qmftlm md gu sdefljg{da iu i pfp isqguq. Ndd gu
|isw f ngbgqgjl mgu djadifsu qf qmd sdinb f pfp
isq* Md in|iwu qsijuedjau cissgdsu ibfjl agdsdjq
ldjsdu ija ptsutdu |fshu qmiq uqsiaand agdsud
ldjsdu* Md miu jdds ediuda qf esdiqd |fshu f
agdsdjq uqwndu. cfqm cdfsd ija iqds md esdiqda qmdemisieqds. Iqfbitu*
Md efpgdu i cijh emdeh gj adqign |gqm mgu f|j
mija -Emdeh 3??3' ija esdiqdu pigjqgjlu ciuda
fj pmfqf gbildu. umf|gjl qsdbdjaftu gjqdsduq gj
pmfqfsdingub* Md sdgda. fj qmd eijiu. pmfqf
gbildu f utem edndcsgqgdu iu Kf Wfjl"pgn. fjd f
Uftqm Hfsdiu cduq pfp ugjldsu - Kf Wfjl"pgn97=='*
Md lid pmfqf gbildu f @sij{ Hihi. Uglbtja
@sdta. ija Biafjji jd| ngd |gqm qmd qftem f mgu
cstum*
Ij d}ibgjiqgfj f mgu ngd iu ij isqguq sddinu qmiq
Ndd ptsutdu icuqsieqgfjgub ija ddj utssdingub
ija iq qmd uibd qgbd gu dilds qf umf| i isgdqw
f gbildu qmiq isq biw d}psduu* Sdlisanduu f qmdldjsd. qmdsd gu i efbbfj qmsdia qmiq stju qmsftlm
inn f mgu |fshu. ija qmiq gu jfj"utckdeqggqw* Qmd
qgqnd f mgu biuqdsu qmdugu utcbgqqda qf Mfjlgh
Tjgdsugqw tjdytgfeinnw efbbtjgeiqdu mgu gjqdsduq
gj jfj"utckdeqggqw; Sdudisem fj @fsbiqgfj ija
Efbbtjgeiqgfj f Jfj"utckdeqgd _igjqgjlu*
Iu sdlisada gj efjqdbpfsisw isq. qmd gjjds ija
ftqds |fsnau f ij isqguq d}guq udpisiqdnw* Qfaiw.
|mdj qmd isqguq adndu addp gjugad mgbudn fs mdsudn.
qmd |fsh cdefbdu d}qsdbdnw utckdeqgd. d}pnigju
Ndd. iaagjl. \miq G uddh qf af qmsftlm bw |fshu
gu jfq nfehda gj bw gjjds |fsna fs bw utckdeqgd
pdsupdeqgdu* G uddh qf efbbtjgeiqd |gqm qmd ftqds
|fsna. uf G einn |miq G ptsutd jfj"utckdeqggqw iu
fppfuda qf fckdeqggqw*@sfb qmgu gd|pfgjq. qmd emisieqds Iqfbitu miu
i qgjld f i jfj"utckdeqgd jiqtsd* Qmd ijgbiqda
eisqffju Ndd |iqemda fj QP iu i hga cdeibd qmd
biqdsgin sfb |mgem Iqfbitu eibd qf ngd* Qmd
d}pdsgdjed f |iqemgjl ijgbiqgfju diqtsgjl Iqfb
ija Bgehdw Bftud |iu jfq tjgytd qf Ndd Afjlg8 gq
|iu umisda cw fqmds cfwu ija lgsnu f mgu ldjdsiqgfj*
_tq agdsdjqnw. qmd d}pdsgdjed biw cd uddj iu jfj"
utckdeqgd*
_fp isq afdu jfq gjqdsduq bd qfaiw* \mdj G
|fsh. G ib jfq efjuegftu f i ldjsd qmiq miu insdiaw
cdefbd ij djqsdjemda fsb* G ugbpnw af ufbdqmgjl
jd| qmiq G |ijq qf af. uiwu qmd isqguq. cntjqnw
iaagjl. Uf. gqu bdijgjlnduu qf eiqdlfsg{d |miq G
af gjqf i edsqigj ldjsd*
Gj sdedjq wdisu. md miu ptq fsqm |fshu
qmiq efbcgjd icuqsieq gbildu |gqmIqfbitu* I eiud gj pfgjq gu \gja _f|ds
Ldjdsiqfsu. tjdgnda gj 3??=* Qmd
cgl eijiu f qmgu pigjqgjl gu aggada
gj q|f mfsg{fjqin udeqgfju*
Gj qmd nf|ds min. Iqfbitu gu
`wgjl iu g gj i eisqffj. ctq gj
qmd tppds min. qmgeh qd}qtsdu f
pigjq d}psduu i ijqiuqge. gssdltnis
|fsna f icuqsieqgfjgub*
Csdihgjl Cissgdsu |gqmftq ndqtp
Fjd bikfs qsdja isftja qmd |fsna qfaiw gu
efnnicfsiqgfj cdq|ddj. d*l*. isqguqu ija psfateq
csijau* Ndd Afjlg inuf djkfwu efnnicfsiqgjl
|gqm pdfpnd sfb fqmds gdnau* Mf| cdgqqgjlefnnicfsiqgfj btuq cd qf ij isqguq |mf pgfjddsu i
jd| ldjsd ija ptumdu fs|isa ija bgjlndu qmd
cftjaisgdu f agdsdjq ldjsdu) Md |iu gjfnda
gj qdj efnnicfsiqgfj psfkdequ gj 3?99 infjd. |mgem
bdiju mgu |fshu isd udjutftu ija ippdingjl qf
qmd ptcnge* Ufbd gd| qmgu jdliqgdnw. esgqgeg{gjl
mgu |fshu iu cdgjl qigjqda cw efbbdsegingub* Qmgu
iuuduubdjq biw aibild mgu gbild iu ij isqguq. ctq
md afdu jfq eisd*
G ib jf| iu gjqdjq fj csdihgjl cftjaisgdu iu G
|iu qf tugjl eisqffj gbildu gj bw pigjqgjl |mdj G
biad bw suq uqdp iu i psfduugfjin isqguq. psfduudu
qmd isqguq* Md efjqgjtdu. G mfpd bw cftjaiswcsdihgjl |gnn mdnp iqqsieq bijw bfsd pdfpnd sfb
isgda |inhu f ngd qf isq. |mgem gu jf| cdgjl
djkfwda cw qff d| pdfpnd*
Qf Ndd Afjlg. ijwqmgjl md djeftjqdsu gj mgu ngd
biw cdefbd qmd utckdeq f mgu |fshpmgnfufpmgein
fs ufegin agueftsud. pfngqgein fs ufegin guutdu. fs
|miqdds gq cd* Md afdu jfq asi| ngjdu cdq|ddj
ldjsdu ija efjedgdu i sijld f |fshu gj mgu bgja*
Ibfjl fqmds qmgjlu. md |gnn efjqgjtd qf lgd
Iqfbitu jd| ippdisijedu* Md pniju qf addnfp
mgu @nf|ds Lisadjudsgdu ddj tsqmds* Md |gnn
efbd tp |gqm ij Iqfbitu qmiq lsiatiqda sfb gqu
eisqffjguqge gbild* Md mgjqu iq mgu adugsd qf ptq qmd
enfqmgjl f sdingub fj Iqfbitu. |mgem miu lgdj
ddngjlu f ijqiuw*Nghd Iqfbitu. |mgem ippdisu agdsdjqnw sfb
fjd |fsh qf ijfqmds. gqu esdiqfs. Ndd Afjlg. |gnn inuf
bihd dfsqu ija iqqdbpqu gj agdsdjq |iwu. sdtugjl
qf sdbigj fs qf asi| ngjdu cdq|ddj agdsdjq isdiu*
Md |gnn mid ij d}mgcgqgfj iq ij isq igs gj Udftn gj
Ipsgn*
9 Ctccndu. ieswnge fj eijiu.3??73 Nghd qmd dds emijlgjl
Iqfbitu gj mgu |fshu. NddAfjlg mfpdu qf d}psduu mgbudn`qmsftlm inn ldjsdu f` isq*5 Ndd Afjlgu uqtagf gj
_wdfjlemijlafjl Kfjljf"lt*
9
5
_DF_ND
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
11/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem90
_DF_ND
I Biduqsf gj Hfsdij Qsiagqgfjin Btuge
M|ijl Cwtjl"hgQmd liwildtb gu i sdpsdudjqiqgd uqsgjl gjuqstbdjq f` Hfsdij qsiagqgfjin btuge*
M|ijl Cwtjl"hg miu pniwda qmd liwildtb ddsw aiw `fs icftq qmd niuq 09 wdisu* Qmgu gu
mgu uqfsw f` btuge ija qmd liwildtb. mgu inqds dlf* Cw Ndd Kdfjl"dtj & pmfqflsipmu cw Ndd Bgj"mdd
Ug}qw"fjd) Qmiq gu mf| bijw wdisu M|ijlCwtjl"hg. qmd gjfbpisicnd biduqsf f Hfsdijqsiagqgfjin btug. miu cddj |fshgjl qfldqmds
|gqm qmd liwildtb. i qsiagqgfjin Hfsdij uqsgjl
gjuqstbdjq* Md miu pniwda gq ddsw ugjlnd aiw fs qmdniuq 09 wdisu. fs jf aiw |ftna cd tj ija d}gqgjl
fs mgb |gqmftq gq* Md gu bfsd qmij i pniwds8 md gu
i fbpfuds* Md miu cddj fbpfugjl btug fs qmd
liwildtb fs min i djqtsw*
Md ngdu gj ij fna. q|f"uqfsw mftud* \mdj fts
sdpfsqds ija mds sd| |djq tpuqigsu. qmd |ffadj
uqigsiudu sdihda gj i |iw qmiq uftjau nghd qmd
q|ijlu f qmd liwildtb* Qmd mftud jfq fjnw uftjau
nghd qmd liwildtb. ctq ddj miu i udjq f gq* Qmd
udjq f _itnf|jgi fsdiji gu ddsw|mdsd* Gj upgsgq
iq qmd dsw ndiuq. qmd mftud gqudn uddbu qf mid
cdfbd i dsgqicnd liwildtb iqds cdgjl uqddpda gj
M|ijlu pdsfsbijdu fs inn qmfud bijw wdisu*
Qmd liwildtb. inuf innda qmd liwiqlf. gu
i sdpsdudjqiqgd uqsgjl gjuqstbdjq gj Hfsdijqsiagqgfjin btug* Iu gqu jibd utllduqu. qmd
gjuqstbdjq aiqdu cih qf qmd Liwi efjdadsiw
fj qmd uftqm f qmd Hfsdij _djgjutni. gj qmd 0qm
djqtsw* Gqu uftjacfisa gu biad f _itnf|jgi
fsdiji. ija gqu 93 uqsgjlu isd f q|guqda ugnh*
Qmd uftjacfisa gu pdsmipu qmd bfuq sgqgin
pisq f i liwildtb* Gq btuq cd biad f _itnf|jgi
fsdiji sfb Hfsdi g gq gu qf psfatd ktuq qmd sglmq
uftja* Qmdsd isd ugbgnis gjuqstbdjqu sfb emgji
ija Kipij* Qmd hfqf f Kipij gu biad f _itnf|jgi
qfbdjqfui. |mgnd qmd lt{mdjl f emgji gu f_itnf|jgi |ffa sfb emgji* Qmdud |ffau isd inn
ugbgnis. ctq uftja agdsdjq cditud f qmd agdsdjq
ufgnu ija fjagqgfju qmdw lsf| gj*
Uftja Uf Cditqg`tn iU qf Cd
gjqf}geiqgjl
G djftjqdsda qmd liwildtb gj 9749 |mdj G |iu
94 wdisu fna* Fjd wdis cdfsd. qmd Hfsdij \is mia
csfhdj ftq ija |d mia nda Udftn* G |iu uqtawgjl
iq i qdbpfsisw umffn gj qdjqu gj Ctuij. uqisqu qmd
biduqsf. csgjlgjl cih bdbfsgdu f fna aiwu*
Nfuq gj sdbgjgudjd. md fjqgjtdu. Ija fjd aiw
G bdq qmgu fna bij* Md |iu pniwgjl qmd liwildtb iq
i Hfsdij qsiagqgfjin aijd gjuqgqtqd jdis qmd umffn*
G |iu qfqinnw iugjiqda qmd bfbdjq G mdisa gq ijabiad tp bw bgja qf biuqds gq. fbd |miq biw*
Iqds i pitud. md sdinnu qmd `suq qgbd md mdisa qmd
gjuqstbdjq. uiwgjl. Qmd qfjd f qmd liwildtb
pdjdqsiqda addpnw gjqf bw mdisq. ija bw bgja
cdibd adngsgftu |gqm adnglmq* Gq |iu iu g G mia bdq
qmd nfd f bw ngd*
Liwildtb miu cddj |gqm mgbnghd i nfds `fs 09 wdisu* Qmdsdisd fds 3? liwildtbu iq mgu
psieqged sffb. ufbd f` qmdbfds 9?? wdisu fna*
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
12/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem9=
Iqds qmd |is ibd qf ij dja |gqm qmd diud"`sd
ilsddbdjq. md sdqtsjda qf Udftn ija sdutbda mgu
ndisjgjl f qmd liwildtb iq qmd Jiqgfjin edjqds fs
Hfsdij Qsiagqgfjin _dsfsbgjl Isqu -qfaiwu Jiqgfjin
Ltlih edjqds'* Md |iu uf adfqda qf gq qmiq ddj
qmd duudjqgin iq f migjl i bdin uddbda qf mgb qf
cd i |iuqd f inticnd qgbd* Md uffj ftja mgbudn
gj qmd ngbdnglmq f qmd |fsna f ltlih. fs Hfsdijqsiagqgfjin btug. |mdj md |fj qmd lsija psg{d gj
i jiqgfj|gad ltlih fbpdqgqgfj* Md |iu fjnw gj mgu
qmgsa wdis f mglm umffn iq qmd qgbd*
M|ijl Cwtjl"hg djqdsda qmd Adpisqbdjq f Ni|
iq Udftn Jiqgfjin Tjgdsugqw cditud qmdsd |iu jf
adpisqbdjq f ltlih iq qmiq qgbd. ija ptsutgjl
uqtagdu f qmd liwildtb |ftna inbfuq dsqigjnw
bdij i ngd f lsgjagjl pdjtsw* Md mia biuqdsda qmd
liwildtb bdsdnw cditud gq |iu i nicfs f nfd8 qmd
gadi f bihgjl i psfduugfj f gq |iu qmd isqmduq
qmgjl sfb mgu bgja*
Md |fshda i jtbcds f agdsdjq kfcu iqds
lsiatiqgfj qf disj i nggjl* Qmdiqds bijilds.
gnbbihds. ptcngumds. ija pnijjgjl bijilds f i
mdbgin pnijq |dsd ufbd f qmd pfugqgfju md mdna.ctq ctuw iu md |iu |gqm mgu kfcu. md aga jfq ndq qmd
liwildtb ftq f mgu gjldsu* Md |sippda tp dim
ija ddsw aiw cw pniwgjl qmd gjuqstbdjq* _nthgjl
qmd uqsgjlu. gq |iu mgu sdiufj fs cdgjl. nghd i nfda
fjd |mfb fjd gu ij}gftu qf udd ddsw aiw*
Mgu piuugfj |iu jfqda cw qmd lsdiq Hfsdij
fbpfuds Mwdfj Kd"bwdfjl -97?3"970?'* Mwdfj
utllduqda qmiq M|ijl qdim qmd liwildtb iq qmd
Adpisqbdjq f Hfsdij Qsiagqgfjin Btug f Udftn
Jiqgfjin Tjgdsugqw. |mgm mia ktuq cddj duqicngumda*
Qmgu biad mgb ddn md mia cdfbd i psfduugfjin
btuggij. ija iq niuq qmd liwildtb iuutbda qmd
pdsbijdjq pnid f i ngd"nfjl fbpijgfj* Md qitlmq
uqtadjqu iq qmd Adpisqbdjq f Hfsdij QsiagqgfjinBtug iq D|mi \fbiju Tjgdsugqw sfb 97
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
13/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem3?
LSDIQ HFSDIJ
IpIjq"lIsad Isq qmIq CsdIqmdu Ng`d
gjqf BIemgjdu
Jib"ktjd pigh |iu cfsj gj Udftn gj 9753. |mdj
qmd Hfsdij pdjgjutni |iu tjads Kiijdud efnfjgin
stnd* Md uqtagda iduqmdqgeu ija isq mguqfsw iq qmd
Tjgdsugqw f Qfhwf* Gq |iu gj 9740 qmiq md cdeibd
tnnw gjfnda gj qmd |fsna f isq |mdj md |iu
uqtawgjl btuge ija isq mguqfsw gj Btjgem. Ldsbijw*
Iqds bddqgjl Kfmj Eild. ij iijq"lisad
efbfuds. gj 974=. md uqisqda tumgjl fs|isa qmd
mfsg{fju f btuge ija sdnglgfj gjqf qmd qdssgqfsw f
iijq"lisad isq* Mgu dsfsbijedu iqds|isau qm sd|
mgu itagdjedu gjqf tqqds umfeh* pigh ubiumda qmd
gijf ija ueguufsda f Kfmj Eildu qgd*
Md d}sduuda sduguqijed ija iqqieh iligjuq
cftsldfgu etnqtsd gj mgu dsfsbijedu. ija gj qmd
970?u. md uqisqda efnnicfsiqgjl |gqm bdbcdsu f@nt}tu. ij g jqdsjiqgfjin iijq"lisad isq bfdbdjq*
Gj 9701. pigh esfuuda qmd Iqnijqge ija uqilda
dsfsbijedu |gqm ednnguq Emisnfqqd Bffsbij gj qmd
TU* Jfqgjl Ibdsgeij ufegdqwu qicff iligjuq ud}. md
dsfsbda Fpdsi Ud}qsfjgytd |gqm mds* Mgu gadi
f btugein guting{iqgfj. |mgem ibi nlibiqdu btuge.
Jib"ktJd _iGHqmd @imds f` Pgadf Is
Jib"ktjd _igh. qmd pgfjdds f` qmd jfdn ldjsd f` gadf isq. |iu ij isqguq |mf biad
gadfu ftq f` inn qmd pgeqtsdu f` qmd |fsna iu |dnn iu i psfpmdq |mf ngda imdia f` mgu
qgbd* Qmd TU bili{gjd QGBD atccda mgb fjd f` Iugiu mdsfdu gj 3??0. qmd wdis md
piuuda i|iw* Pgadfu gj mgu |fshu isd uqgnn fj qmd igs isftja qmd |fsna*cw Hgb Bgj"udfj & pmfqflsipmu psfgada cw Kffjlijl _mfqf
Qmd Bfsd qmd Cdqqdsqmgu gu jfq i uiwgjl. ctqqmd qgqnd f ij isq|fsh qmiq gu ij 9="bdqds qf|dsf 9??5 qdndgugfj udqu -97==. Jiqgfjin Btudtb f
Efjqdbfsisw Isq. Hfsdi'* Mdsd. qmd jtbcds 9??5
sdsdudjqu Hfsdiu jiqgfjin mfngaiw qmiq innu fj
qmd qmgsa aiw -?5' f qmd qdjqm bfjqm -9?' f qmd
wdis ija qmtu ugljggdu qmd aiw |mdj qmd mdidju
fdjda* Qmgu gu qmd ngqdsin bdijgjl f qmd jibd
f qmd mfngaiw einnda Lidemdfjkdfn. |mdj qmd gsuq
hgjlafb f qmd Hfsdij jiqgfj |iu ftjada gj 3555
C*E*. ieefsagjl qf ndldja*pigh |iu i sdd ugsgq |gqm qsdbdjaftu iuugfj
ija eftsild* Mgu ugsgq f d}dsgbdjqiqgfj nda
mgb qf gfjdds i jd| ldjsd einnda gadf isq* Mgu
itaiegftu ieqgfj btuge dsfsbijedu utem iuDqtad
`fs _gijf`fsqd -970?'. gadf isq gdedu gjentagjl
Biljdq QP-9704'. utem @nt}tu gdedu iu Fpdsi
Ud}qsfjgytd -970
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
14/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem33
LisfutLgnI qsdjauddsu psfbdjiad
Lisfutlgn. qmiq ytigjq uqsddq gj Ugjui"afjl. gu qmd pnied qf cd ija qmd pnied qf cd uddj `fs
Udftnu qsdjaudqqdsu ija `iumgfj ltstu* Jf|. gqu ligjgjl lnfcin sdefljgqgfj iu gjqdsjiqgfjin
`iumgfj csijau isd efbpdqgjl qf udetsd upiedu infjl qmd qsdjagduq psfbdjiad gj Udftn*cw Emtjl Ai"wftjl & pmfqflsipmu cw Hgb Kgj"mdd
bfdbdjq cieh |mdj qmd uqgnn tjadsaddnfpda* Isq
linndsgdu ija ijqgytd umfpu uqisqda qf fpdj gj qmgu
ytgdq jdglmcfsmffa. lggjl gq ij isqguqge dald* Cw qmd
niqd 977?u. bijw isq linndsgdu mia bfda qf qmd jf|
ibftu Gjuiafjl gj Lijlcth. ija aduglj ildjegdu
ija uqtagfu eibd gj qf qihd qmdgs pnied* _sdqqw uffj.
bijw wftjl isqguqu fpdjda qmdgs f|j uqtagfu. ija
iumgfj adugljdsu nitjemda qmdgs csijau* Gj qgbd. qmd
jdglmcfsmffa cdeibd hjf|j iu Adugljdsu Uqsddq*
Cfmdbgij Emisb
Qmdud aiwu. Lisfutlgn gu mfbd qf ij issiw f fpdj
eidu. sduqitsijqu. cisu. ija iumgfj umfpu cndjada
qfldqmds qf esdiqd i emge djtd fs wftjl pdfpnd*
\mgnd fqmds isdiu gj Lijljib isd uiga qf cd ijew
ija bfadsj. Lisfutlgn psdudjqu i cfmdbgij emisb
|gqm qmd insduef diqdsgdu ija cftqgytdu* Ctgnagjl
d}qdsgfsu mdsd isd tjnghd qmfud f fqmds umfppgjl
aguqsgequ gj Udftn* Bijw f qmd enfudnw hjgq umfpu
mid ij tjefbbfj isemgqdeqtsin nisduqwngum
cftqgytdu |gqm csglmq sda affsu ija @sdjem"uqwnd
umfp |gjaf|u ngjd qmd uqsddq infjl |gqm fpdj"igs
cstjem eidu. sdjadsgjl i ddngjl f _isgu fs Jd|
Wfshu UfMf*
Umfpu ptsdw enfqmdu ija cilu qmiq isd f qmd
niqduq qsdjau. ija fs bfsd iumgfj uiw umfppdsuqmdsd isd adugljds cftqgytdu qmiq cfiuq i sijld f
fjd"f"i"hgja asduudu ija umfdu qmiq eij cd etuqfb"
biad* Uqsddq djafsu udq tp qmdgs qicndu infjl qmd
ugad|inhu qf agupniw gqdbu f gjqild enfqmdu fs
mijabiad ieeduufsgdu*
Qfldqmds |gqm umfppgjl. bijw gugqfsu efbd
qf Lisfutlgn fs qmd tjgytd eiu. gjefbpisicnd
ijw|mdsd dnud gj Udftn* _fptnis aduudsqu gj
Lisfutlgn isd adngeiqd piuqdn efnfsda etpeihdu.
stgqw qisqu. ija i aduudsq f Hfsdij sda cdiju fj
ged umigjlu einnda piqcgjlut* Qmd gjqdsgfsu isd
dytinnw ytigjq ija tjgytd. gj hddpgjl |gqm qmd
isdiu sdptqiqgfj. ctq etuqfbdsu psdds qmd ubinn
qicndu fj qmd pidbdjq ftqugad. |mdsd qmdw eij udd
ija cd uddj* Ddj gj emgnnw |diqmds. wftjl bdj ija
|fbdj ugq ftqaffsu |gqm |isb cnijhdqu ibga qmd
liu mdiqdsu*
ijqdjji Uqsddq `fs
LnfCin `iUmgfj CsijaU
Lisfutlgn gu i sdniqgdnw wftjl pisq f Udftn* Gq miu
fjnw cdefbd pfptnis gj sdedjq wdisu ibfjl Udftnu
qsdjaudqqdsu. ctq gq miu ytgehnw addnfpda iu qmd
qsdjagduq nfeind gj inn f Udftn* Qmd iumgfj gjatuqsw.
cfqm afbduqge ija gjqdsjiqgfjin. miu cdltj qf
iehjf|ndald qmgu* @fs lnfcin iumgfj csijau.
afbduqge iumgfj efjlnfbdsiqdu. ija efubdqge
csijau. Lisfutlgn gu uwjfjwbftu |gqm ijqdjji
uqsddq. i uqsddq |mdsd efjutbds qsdjau eij cd
qduqda* Niuq Adedbcds. Ibdsgeij iumgfj ija |iqem
csija @fuugn fpdjda gqu gsuq Iugij uqsddq umfp gj
Lisfutlgn*
Hfsdi gu pfptnisnw psfbfqda iu qmd qsdja"udqqgjl
eftjqsw gj Iugi. ija Lisfutlgn gu qmd pnied |mdsdinn iumgfj"efjuegftu efjutbdsu efbd. uiwu Ndd Uf"
wdfjl. qmd csija bijilds f @fuugn Hfsdi. mgjqgjl. I
umfp fj qmgu uqsddq miu qsdbdjaftu uwbcfnge intd
gj qmd gjatuqsw*
Lnfcin csijau nghd Biuugbf Atqqg ija @fsdds39
fpdjda uqfsdu fj qmd bigj uqsddq niuq wdis. ija [isi
ija Niefuqd isd ldqqgjl sdiaw qf iaa Lisfutlgn qf
qmdgs ngjdu f umfpu*
UmFppgjl gj
lisFUTlgN
Hiqgd Uqddju `sfb Ibdsg-nd`q' ija Di Asijgiu `sfLsdded -sglmq' isd uqtadjqqmd Hfsdij Nijltild Gjuf` Wfjudg Tjgdsugqw* I H
`sgdja gjqsfateda qmgu isdqmd btuq lf pnied `fs umfpQmdsd isd uf bijw psdqqwenfqmdu ija umfdu qmiq G |nghd qf ctw. uiwu Hiqgd*
mF| qF lDq qmD
Utc|iw
=??b sfb D}gq = f U
Uqiqgfj fj Utc|iw Ngj
-94"bgjtqd |inh'
Igspfsq Ngbftugjd Ct
Qmd ctu uqfp `fs Igspf
Ngbftugjd Ctu Jf* 0?
jdis D}gq 0 f Ugjui Uq
Ktuq iu iumgfj emijldu qmsftlm qmd wdisu. qmdbfuq pfptnis ija qsdjagduq isdi gj Udftn umgquqf agdsdjq pisqu f qmd egqw* Atsgjl qmd 970?u ija
97
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
15/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem31
\mdsd qmd cndih |gjqds sdedadu.lfnadj enftau f` f|dsu cnfuufbCw qmd bgaand f` Bisem. qmd uftqm f` qmd eftjqsw dbdsldu `sfb qmd niuq duqgldu f` |gjqds. csdihgjl qmd
bfjfqfjw f` |ddhu ija |ddhu f` uteeduugd efna ujipu ija qmi|u* Qmgu bfjqm. wfts qsidnds gugqu Ltswd.
Kdfnnijib"af. |mdsd cnfuufbu f` uijutwt. fs efsjdngij emdssgdu. isd efbgjl gjqf wdnnf| cnffb i`qds i
nfjl ciqqnd cdq|ddj qmd udiufju* Efbd ija kfgj wfts qsidnds gj lsddqgjl qmd jd| upsgjl tj`fnagjl |gqm
efsjdngij emdssw cnfuufbu* cw Ndd Kdfjl"dtj & pmfqflsipmu cw Bffj Ath"l|ij
Q mgu bfjqm wfs qsidnds udqu ffq gj Lswd. Kdfjjib"af. |mdsd wdnnf| efsjdngij emdsswcnfuufbu isd psfanw umf|gjl qmdbudndu iqds
|ddhu f niuq"agqem |gjqds efna updnnu ija mdsinagjlqmd nfjl"i|igqda issgin f upsgjl* Qmdsd isd i
jbcds f gnnildu gj Lswd. gjenagjl Uijl|g
Bidn. fs Uijl|g Pgnnild* Qmgu gu qmd suq aduqgjiqgfj
f wfs qsidndsu qsgp qf Lswd* Qmd gnnild
efbbijau qmd bfuq biljgedjq gd| f efsjdngij
emdssw cnfuufbu gj Lswd iu gq uqijau iq qmd mglmduq
dndiqgfj gj qmd djqgsd efjqw* Ijfqmds iqqsieqgfj
f Uijl|g Pgnnild gu i jissf| piqm ngjda |gqm uqfjd
|innu einnda Uisijllgn. fs _iqm f Nfd* Mdsd. nfdsu
|mgupds |fsau f qmdgs caagjl nfd |mgnd |inhgjl
infjl qmgu sfbijqge piqm ib ga adngeiqd. eniuugein
cdiqw*
Uijl|g Pgnnild gu jiqsinnw accda Uijuw
Bidn. fs Pgnnild f Efsjdngij Emdssw Cnfuufbu.
ija mfuqu i duqgin f efsjdngij emdssw cnfuufbuddsw wdis* Fqmds gnnildu gj qmd efjqsw cdis qmd
uibd jgehjibd. gjenagjl Cfjlm|i ija tgudfjl gj
Lwdfjluijch"af ija Gemdfj gj Lwdfjllg"af. cq
jfjd f qmdb biqemdu Uijl|g Pgnnild* Gq gu jfq fjnw
qmiq Uijl|g Pgnnild miu bfsd efsjdngij emdssgdu8
gq gu inuf cdeiud Uijl|g gu qmd gsuq ddsw wdis qf
cdefbd umsfada jads qmd lfnadj. sdum enfau f
efsjdngij emdssw cnfuufbu*
Jf| qmiq wfs qsidnds miu qihdj gj qmd
csdiqmqihgjl uedjdsw f lfnadj enfau f cnfuufbu.umd adbijau mds ad pfsqgfj f engjisw adnglmq*
\miq isd gu cduq gj qm gu cdiqgn bfjqigj gnnild6
Uijemid kdfjlugh. fs i nn efsud bdin f |gna mdscu
ija dldqicndu |gqm sged ija ufp. gu qmd fcgfu
emfged*
Qmdsd isd bijw sduqisijqu gj Lswd qmiq isd
sdjf|jda fs qmgu updegin bdin* Qmd sduqisijq
Ldwdjjin Uijemid Ughaijl gu dupdeginnw |dnn
sdefbbdjada* Iqds wfs qsidnds ugqu fj qmd |isb
`ffs f fjd f qmd sffbu. q|f dnadsnw niagdu efbd gj
cdisgjl i qicnd nn f agumdu*
Qmd agumdu isd psdpisda sfb i isgdqw f udiufjin
|gna mdscu ija dldqicndu* Qmdw isd pgehda ija
asgda gj i bijjds qmiq sdqigju qmdgs jgyd qiuqdu
ija `ifsu. ija qmdj cnijemda. sgda. fs lsgnnda* @fsd}ibpnd. adfadfh. i isgdqw f cfjjdq cdnnnf|dsu
-Efafjfpugu nijedfniqi'. gu lsgnnda. cq fjnw unglmqnw
qf sdqigj i esgupw qiuqd* \gqm cnijemda mdscu. lsgnnda
adfadfh. pgehnda dldqicndu. uinqda gum. ija fqmds
adngegfu ugad agumdu. wfs qsidnds adfsda mds
djqgsd cf|n f sged. ndigjl jfq i ugjlnd lsigj* Mdjed.
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
16/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem30
sged |iu cdgjl effhda gj qmd hgqemdj* Wfs qsidnds
ddnu mbcnda iq mds ijeduqfsu mdisq"|isbgjl
efjugadsiqgfj f qmdgs jddaw jdglmcfsu*
Qmd Udfbkgjlijl -Udfbkgj SgpdS'
@nf|U |gQm CditQg@tn UQfSgdU Qf Qdnn
Qmd jin aduqgjiqgfj f qmgu qsgp qf Lswd gu M|ilid
Kijlqdf. fs M|ilid Bishdq* Qmgu uqsddq bishdq
esfuudu qmd cfsads cdq|ddj Lwdfjluijljib"af ija
Kdfnnijib"af* Gq |iu fjd f qmd d nislduq bishdqu
gj Hfsdi cdfsd qmd jiqgfjin ngcdsiqgfj sfb Kipijdud
efnfjgin snd. ija |iu in|iwu qmsfjlda |gqm cwdsu.
udnndsu. ija updeqiqfsu* Qfaiw. qmd bishdqpnied cdisu
i iiad f bfadsjgqw. cq uqgnn d}adu inn f qmd
gqingqw ija mbij qfem f i qsiagqgfjin efjqsw
bishdq f fna |gqm bijw iqqsieqgfju uem iu afqfsg
bh -iefsj kdnnw'. kidemdfp lh -ubinn enib ufp'.
|gna dagcnd lsddju. lsddj qdi. qsiagqgfjin gjju
einnda kbih. ija qiw udnndsu* Wf eij inuf udd i
qsiagqgfjin cniehubgqm |mdsd mfdu. ugehndu. ija fqmds
gbpndbdjqu isd uqgnn biad gj qmd qsiagqgfjin |iwu*
\miq i uglmq qf djkfw)
@sfb Uijl|g Pgnnild qf M|idfbui qf tjkfs
_igngfj ija gjinnw qf M|ilid Bishdq. qmdud
iuegjiqgjl qfsguq aduqgjiqgfju isd inn infjl qmd
Udfbkgjlijl* Qmd sgds upsgjlu gj Kgjij. Kdfnnich"af ija sju bfsd qmij 3?? hgnfbdqdsu cdfsd
gq dbpqgdu gjqf qmd udi* Gq piuudu qmsflm Gbugn.
Lfhudfjl. Lswd. ija Fuij8 `f|u cdq|ddj Kgsguij
-Kgsg Bfjqigj' ija Cidljuij -Cidlj Bfjqigj'
ija sju qmsflm Miafjl ija L|ijlwijl* Qmd
sgds buq mid i lsdiq adin f cdiqgn uqfsgdu qf
qdnn qf upsgjl qsidndsu*
Minn. ija Ui Uiki Uibemdjl Udfhqip -i qmsdd"uqfsw
uqfjd pilfai |gqm fs pgnnisu gj qmd umipd f ngfju'*
_dsmipu. qmd cduq qgbd f wdis qf gugq qmd qdbpnd
gu upsgjl. |mdj qmd ipsgefq cnfuufbu isd fq* Qmdw
isd i uqsfjl sda |gqm i mgjq f cnieh ija isd uf
udjuinnw silsijq qmiq qmdw i sd dbfqgfjinnw bfgjl
ddj qf qmd iuedqge bfjhu* Qmdud cd|gqemgjl aish"
sdaagum cnfuufbu einnda mdjlbid efbd gjqf cnffb
fjnw iqds qmd csglmq wdnnf| cnfuufbu f efsjdngij
emdssgdu |gqmds ija inn af|j qf qmd lsfja. uf wfs
qsidnds |iu jfq icnd qf d}pdsgdjed qmdb fj qmgu
qsgp* Umd jf| qsju qf|isa tjkfs _igngfj*tjkfs _igngfj gu i qsiagqgfjin Hfsdij mfud cgnq
gj 9
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
17/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem3=
Wdfjladfh
Ujf| Esic @duqgpinQmd 94qmWdfjladfh Aidld Emthkd. fs Wdfjladfh Ujf| Esic @duqgpin.gu uniqda `fs qmgu bfjqm* Fj Bisem ="93. qmd udiumfsd f` Wdfjladfh.
Lwdfjluijcth"af |gnn iqqsieq qmsfjlu f` esf|au |gqm u|isbu f`
esicu* Efbd ija djkfw d}egqgjl ieqgpgqgdu gjentagjl eiqemgjl ujf|
esicu qmiq |dis lfna sgjlu ija ujf| esic iteqgfju*cw Ndd Kdfjl"dtj & pmfqflsipmu cw Bffj Ath"l|ij. Wdfjladfh Eftjqw F ed
aidld isd iu nfjl ija uqsiglmq iu cibcff* Fjd
eijjfq ugbpnw uiw qmiq qmd nislds i ujf| esic qmd
cdqqds* Inn dnud cdgjl dytin. qmd mdigds qmd cdqqds*
D}pdsqu iaa qmiq qmd cduq esicu isd qmd fjdu qmiq isd
ingd |gqm inn qmdgs ndlu uqgnn iqqiemda gjqieq*
Qmd esiccdsu f Wdfjladfh uqisq eiqemgjl ujf|
esicu gj Adedbcds. fjd bfjqm niqds qmij gj fqmds
isdiu. gj fsads qf psfqdeq bisgjd sduftsedu* Isftja
=;5? gj qmd bfsjgjl. |mdj qmd utj umgjdu csglmq sda
fds qmd udipfsq. qmd esiccgjl cfiqu efbd gj |gqmudiltnnu dildsnw gj mfq ptsutgq* I qgjw cija gu ptq
isftja fjd f qmd ndlu f ddsw ytingqw ujf| esic
|mdj esicu isd tjnfiada sfb qmd adehu qf nicdn gq
iu i Wdfjladfh ujf| esic f mglm ytingqw. ija qmd
esic iteqgfj upied gu efdsda |gqm eftjqnduu ujf|
esicu*
Qmd Wdfjladfh ujf| esic udiufj stju sfb
Adedbcds qf Ipsgn* Ujf| esicu eitlmq atsgjl qmgu
qgbd isd efbpndqdnw piehda |gqm u|ddq ndum* Qmd
cduq isgdqw f ujf| esicu gj Hfsdi gu cihainaidld*Qmgu jibd sdytgsdu ufbd bfsd d}pnijiqgfj* Cihain
gu i hgja f cgsem* Gj fqmds |fsau. cihain aidld miuadjud dum nghd cihain qsddu ija qmd bfuq adndeqicnd
silsijed ija qiuqd* Uf psdegftu isd qmdw qmiq
fjd ugjlnd cihain aidld |dglmgjl q|f hgnflsibututinnw udnnu iq iteqgfj fs fds HS\ 9??.???. fs
ippsf}gbiqdnw TUA 79*
I `duqgpIn `fs dpdswfjd
Wdfjladfh mfnau qmd Wdfjladfh Ujf| Esic @duqgin
ddsw Bisem gj fsads qf lgd iu bijw pdfpnd iu
Lijllt gu |mdsd qmd bfuq Wdfjladfh ujf|esicu isd cftlmq ija ufna* Qmgu gu sdiagnwippisdjq |mdj fjd gugqu qmd pfsq* I lglijqge bfadn
f i sdaagum esic lsddqu wft nghd i cgnncfisa sfb
mglm icfd Lijllt Csgald. ija qmd bigj sfia f
qmd udipfsq gu ngjda |gqm mtjasdau f ujf| esic
sduqitsijqu fs icftq qmsdd hgnfbdqdsu* Qmd gsfj pfqu
uqijagjl cdfsd qmd sduqitsijqu dbgq btllw uqdib
sfb ujf| esicu cdgjl effhda. infjl |gqm qmdgs
piniqicnd uedjq qmiq bgjlndu |gqm qmd uinqw udi |gjauqf uqgbtniqd wfts fnieqfsw udjud*
I ujf| esic gu einnda aidld gj Hfsdij. ija gqu
Hfsdij jibd sdytdjqnw bgundiau pdfpnd gjqf
cdngdgjl qmiq qmd esicu isd dsw nisld ugjed aid
tutinnw bdiju cgl* Mdsd. aid ugljggdu aidjibt.
|mgem gu cibcff. ija gjageiqdu qmiq qmd ndlu f
pfuugcnd qmd fppfsqtjgqw f djkfwgjl ija qiuqgjl
Wdfjladfh ujf| esicu* Qmgu wdis. qmd duqgin
|gnn qihd pnied gj ija isftja Uibui Bisgjd _ish.
Lijllt. ija i gnnild atccda Aidld \fjkf Bidtn.
fs Fsglgj Pgnnild f Ujf| Esicu* Qmgu gu qmd 94qm
duqgin qf cd mdna. ija gq |gnn stj sfb Bisem = qf
93* Qmd qmdbd qmgu wdis gu Uqfsgdu f Wdfjladfh
Ujf| Esicu* I pniw |gnn cd uqilda fj qmgu qmdbd
qf umf| qmd ngd ija mguqfsw f Wdfjladfh ujf|
esicu iu |dnn iu qmd ngdu ija qmd kfwu ija ufssf|u fesiccdsu f qmd diuq efiuq f Hfsdi*
Qmdsd |gnn cd mijau"fj ieqggqgdu. qff. fs ddswfjd
qf djkfw* Qmd bfuq sdpsdudjqiqgd f qmdb gu qmd
Lfnadj Wdfjladfh Ujf| Esic Eiqemgjl Libd*
Pgugqfsu eij qsw qmdgs mijau iq eiqemgjl Wdfjladfh
ujf| esicu sfb i nisld |iqds qijh* Fjd pdsufj
biw eiqem q|f qf gd esicu. ija g wft isd ntehw.
wft |gnn eiqem i ujf| esic |disgjl i lfna sgjl* Qmgu
eiqemgjl libd gu fs ddswfjdwftjl fs fna. bind
fs dbind. Hfsdij fs fsdgljija wfts `d udjudu
|gnn inn cd uqgbtniqda |gqm tj ija lffa qiuqd*
Qmd utspsgud iteqgfj f cihain aidld gu ijfqmds
ddjq wft umftna jfq bguu* Ndqu jfq fsldq qmiq i
lffa cihain aidld lfdu fs fds HS\ 9??.??? iq i
uqijaisa iteqgfj. ctq qmgu iteqgfj gu wfts emijed qfldq utem i esic iq i addp agueftjq* Gq |gnn cd i uqdin)
Qmd Lijllt bisgji innf|u wft qf sgad |iqds
ewendu ija eiqem Wdfjladfh ujf| esicu. |mgnd
nffhgjl ftq fds qmd cditqgtn Diuq Udi* Cdugadu
|iqds ewengjl. gugqfsu isd inuf gjgqda qf qsw fqmds
|iqds upfsqu ija ndgutsd dytgpbdjq*
Mf| qf ldq qMd
Eis G` wft adpisq sfb
Udftn fs Ctuij cw qmd
Lwdfjlct D}psduu|
qihd Sftqd Jf* < i qd
piuugjl qmd Lwdfjlkt
Qfnnliqd ija asgd
jfsqm|isa qmsftlm _f
G wft efbd sfb Kdf
af fs Kdfjcth"af. qi
== Fnwbpge D}psduu|
asgd qmsftlm Aidlt.
ldq fj qmd Lwdfjlct
D}psduu|iw* Fj qmd |wft |gnn piuu Lwdfjl
_fmijl* Qmfud efbgj
sfb Lijl|fj _sfgj
biw tud Sftqd Jf*
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
18/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem5?
Efbd ija Uqiw gj Mijfh6I qsiagqgfjin inqdsjiqgd qfqwpgein ieefbbfaiqgfju
Niuq wdis infjd jdisnw qdj bgnngfj qftsguqu eibd qf Uftqm Hfsdi* Qmgu bfjqmu JF\
GJ HFSDI utsdwu updegin ieefbbfaiqgfju qmiq lgd gugqfsu fppfsqtjgqgdu qf
cdqqds d}pdsgdjed Hfsdij etnqtsd. gjentagjl mfbduqiw Mijfh. iu |dnn iu ldjdsin
ieefbbfaiqgfju `fs efb`fsqicnd ija bdijgjl`tn uqiwu* cw Hgb Bgj"udfj & pmfqflsipmu cw Ndd Kid"mdd
\f|. gqu cditqgtn) d}enigbu Bu* Umgit"_dg iqds ptqqgjl fj i Mijcfh -KfudfjAwjiuqw"uqwnd Hfsdij efuqtbd'. bisdngjl iq qmd
adngeiqd. bwuqdsgftu efnfsu*
Umd iuuiwu qmd eminndjld f qwgjl qmd lfsdtb-fsjibdjqin uqsgjlu f qmd tppds lisbdjq' ija uqisqu
piegjl qf ija sf |gqm ij igs f i qfp bfadn fj ij
gbilgjisw stj|iw uqsiaangjl qmd aidemdfjl bist
-|ffadj `ffsda minn' ija qmd ijcijl -bigj sffb
fs qmd mfuq'* Umd afdu jfq fsldq qf pfud fs qmd
eibdsi qf hddp mdsudn gj qmgu qsiagqgfjin efuqtbd
f dndlijq qd}qtsdu ija ngjdu* Mijcfh ija Aiaf
gu i pfptnis psflsib fs fsdglj qsidndsu uqiwgjl
iq Mijfh gj |mgem fsdgljdsu qsw Mijcfh ija qmd
Hfsdij qsiagqgfjin |iw f asgjhgjl qdi*
Bu* Umgit"_dg ija mds lsftp f sgdjau ija ibgnw
eibd sfb Biniwugi fj ieiqgfj* Qmgu cdgjl qmdgs
gsuq gugq qf Hfsdi. qmdw mia qmfsftlmnw pnijjda
qmdgs qsgp ija dupdeginnw efjugadsda |mdsd qf uqiw*
Qmd |dcugqd f qmd Hfsdi Qftsgub Fslijg{iqgfj
uiga |d eftna uqiw iq i Mijfh. ija iqds aguetuugfj.
|d adegada qf uqiw iq i Mijfh qf d}pds"gdjed Hfsdij
etnqtsd bfsd gjqgbiqdnw. d}pnigju Bu* Umgit"_dg.
iaagjl. Ctq gq |iujq diuw qf ldq djftlm gjfsbiqgfj
fj Mijfh. uf G d}emijlda bfsd qmij 5? dbignu |gqm
ij f|jds f Mijfh*
Mf| afdu umd siqd mds q|f"aiw uqiw iq i Mijfh6
Umd ippsdegiqdu qmiq umd |iu icnd qf mid i addpds
d}pdsgdjed |gqm Hfsdij etnqtsd qmij umd |
mid g umd mia uqiwda iq i mfqdn* Gj pisqget
unddpgjl fj qmd fjafn -qmd nffs f i sffb md
sfb cdnf|' siqmds qmij gj i cda |iu qfqinnw jf
Umd inuf ippsdegiqdu qmd niwftq f qmd Mijfh iu
sffbu |dsd efjjdeqda qf qmd aidemdfjl b
-|ffadj `ffsda minn ija sfjq pfsem'. |mgem inn
fs enfutsd f ubinn upiedu fs psgiew fs q
fpdjgjl gjqf i ugjlnd cgl umisda upied*
Uqiw iq Mijfh. Unddp fj fjafn.
ija Uifs MijUgh
Udftn gu ij gjqdsjiqgfjin qftsguq egqw qmiq |dnef
bgnngfju f fsdgljdsu ddsw wdis* Ufbd 7*= bg
qftsguqu gugqda Uftqm Hfsdi gj 3?99 infjd* B
agdsdjq qwpdu f ieefbbfaiqgfju isd fd
ddsw wdis iu qftsgub qmsgdu* Ufbd f qmdb psf
d}pdsgdjedu qmiq isd dsw tjgytd qf Hfsdi*
d}ibpnd. wft eij uqiw iq i qsiagqgfjin Ctaa
qdbpnd -qdbpnd uqiw' fs iq i Mijfh -Mijfh u
Cfqm isd uqsfjlnw psddssda fpqgfju cw qm
fsdgljdsu |mf |ijq i bfsd tjgytd ija ad
d}pdsgdjed f Hfsdij etnqtsd*
Bfuq mfbduqiw Mijfh gj Udftn isd af|jqf|
Cthemfj* Qmgu isdi gu einnda Cthemfj Mijfh Pg
ija gu fjd f qmd mfqqduq aduqgjiqgfju fs fsdgl
gugqgjl Udftn. ctq d| fsdgljdsu hjf| qmiq
eij uqiw iq fjd f qmd ytigjq Mijfh qmdsd* I Mi
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
19/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem53
i c q mj Uqw _l Bj Lqm
Qmd Mijfh efbpsgudu qmd bigj ctgnagjl einnda Tjmwdfj Aijl ija
ij ftqctgnagjl einnda Tjmwdfj Aijl Cwdfnemid* Utem piniedu iu
Lwdfjlcfhltjl ija Emijllwdfjltjl ija Kfjlbwf Umsgjd isd jdiscw.
ija Gjuiafjl ija Cthemfj Mijfh Pgnnild isd fjnw `d bgjtqdu i|iw cw ffq*
G wft cffh gj iaijed. wft biw pisqgegpiqd gj qmd Hfsdij etnqtsd ieqggqgdu.
|mgem gjentad |disgjl Mijcfh. ndisjgjl qmd qsiagqgfjin Hfsdij bijjds f
asgjhgjl qdi. bihgjl Hgbemg. ija ndisjgjl qf pniw qsiagqgfjin gjuqstbdjqu*
Qdn=3"3"
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
20/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem51
Hfsdiu @tugfj uildtHUft Hfsdij mgufsgein asiiu |g i bfdsj q|gu
Uftqm Hfsdij `tugfj uildth. fs pdsgfa asibiu |gqm i bfadsj qftem. mid inn qmd dndbdjqu jddada qf
iqqsieq jiqgfjin ija gjqdsjiqgfjin gd|dsu inghdeipqgiqgjl pnfqu. bdubdsg{gjl emisieqdsu. `iuegjiqgjl efuqtbdu.
ija u|ddq sfbijed* cw Emtjl Ai"wftjl
Qmd BCE asibi Qmd Utj ija qmd Bffj gu jf|inn qmd sild qmsftlmftq qmd eftjqsw* Qmd asibigu ciuda fj qmd cduq"udnngjl jfdn f qmd uibd qgqnd*
Gq qdnnu i nfd uqfsw udq atsgjl qmd Kfudfj Awjiuqw
-9573"979?' f i geqgfjin hgjl. pniwda cw Hgb Ut"
mwdfj. ija qmd mdsfgjd. pniwda cw Mij Li"gj* Qmd
asibi gbbdagiqdnw |fj fds gd|dsu ija esgqgeu
|gqm gqu suq igsgjl gj Kijtisw fs gqu qijqing{gjl pnfq.
ngdnw emisieqdsu. ija |dnn uqsteqtsda uqfsw* Qmd niuq
gd|gjl siqgjlu cw ILC Jgdnufj ija QJBU. q|f
bikfs itagdjed bdiutsdbdjq gsbu. sdiemda 1?
pdsedjq ija isd uqgnn sgugjl. ija Qmd Utj ija qmd
Bffj gu fj gqu |iw qf cdefbgjl fjd f qmd bfuq
pfptnis tugfj uildth asibiu gj Hfsdij qdndgugfj*
Uildth pU* @tUgfj Uildth
Uf. |miq gu uildth. ija |miq gu tugfj uildth6
Uildth asibiu isd pdsgfa asibiu |gqm mguqfsgein
ciehlsftja* Qmd udqqgjlu isd tutinnw dnicfsiqd.
ija qmd emisieqdsu tud nijltild qmiq gu uqwng{da ija
nieda |gqm isemige feictnisw ija d}psduugfju* Bfuq
uqfsgdu adpgeq ieqtin mguqfsgein ddjqu fs qmd ngdu f
lsdiq bdj gj mguqfsw utem iu hgjlu fs ldjdsinu* Qmd
Hfsdiju mid in|iwu cddj isadjq iju f uildth
asibiu dds ugjed qmdw suq ippdisda fj cnieh ija
|mgqd qdndgugfj adeiadu ilf*
Bijw uildth uqfsgdu |dsd icftq pfngqgein efj`geq
ija gjqsgltd |gqmgj qmd sfwin eftsq fs atsgjl |is*
Qmgu jiqtsinnw biad qmd asibiu dsw biuetngjd ija
sftlm. ija qmdw |dsd dupdeginnw gjqdsduqgjl qf qmd
fnads ldjdsiqgfju fs qmiq sdiufj* Uildth asibiu
|dsdjq pisqgetnisnw pfptnis ibfjl wftjl qdndgugfj
gd|dsu tjqgn i uildth einndaAibf igsda gj qmd
utbbds f 3??5. bishgjl qmd iadjq f tugfj
uildth*
Aibf gu i geqgfjin asibi icftq qmd qsilge nfd
ija ieqgfju f i pfnged |fbij* Udq gj qmd Kfudfj
pdsgfa. gq gu i bg}qtsd f esdiqgd gbilgjiqgfj.
dnicfsiqd udqqgjlu. ija sdin bisqgin uqtjq ieqgfj* Qmgu
jd| ldjsd f uildth. |mgem |iu uffj qf cd einnda
tugfj uildth iu gq |iu uildth gjtuda |gqm i
bfadsj qftem. |iu dsw agdsdjq sfb qmd psdgftu
uildth asibiu. |mgem dsw btem mia qmd emisieqds
f mguqfsw qd}q"cffhu*Aibf upishda i udjuiqgfj
ibfjl Hfsdij gd|dsu ija |iu dupdeginnw i cgl mgq
ibfjl qmd wftjlds ldjdsiqgfj* Iqds qmd igsgjl f
Aibf. bfsd tugfj uildth |dsd psfateda |gqm
|gads qmdbdu |gqm qftemdu f sfbijed. ieqgfj.
ijqiuw. ija qmd nghd*
\mw gu tugfj uildth uf pfptnis6
\d eij ja uddsin bikfs sdiufju*
Wftjl gd|dsu eij diugnw sdniqd qf
qmd efjqdbpfsisw uqfsw ngjd qmiq gu
bdnqda gjqf qmd efnfstn mguqfsgein
ciehasfp. esdiqgjl i tjgytd
cndja f fna ija jd|* Qmd bigj
emisieqdsu isd wftjl. lffa nffhgjl
pgj"tp ieqfsu |mf isd edndcsiqda
uqisu gj qmd djqdsqigjbdjq gjatuqsw*
Ieqfsu |mf pdsfsbda gj bfadsj
asibiu ija bfgdu isd diqtsda qf
csgjl sdumjduu qf tugfj uildth*
Ija qmd bdnfasibiqge uqfswngjdu
f nfd. sgdjaumgp. ija u|ddq sfbijed csgjlu jd|
emisb qf qmd udqqgjlu*
gjqdsjiqgfjin @ibd
Iu tugfj uildth miu ligjda jiqgfj|gad pfptnisgqw
gj sdedjq wdisu. qmdw isd cdgjl ngedjuda qf fsdglj
csfiaeiuqdsu ija mid iqqsieqda i nisld fsdglj
fnnf|gjl* Qmd gsuq tugfj uildth qmiq cdeibd
pfptnis gj Iugi |iuAid Kijl Ldtb. fsKd|dn gj
qmd _inied. diqtsgjl qmd ieqsduu Ndd Wftjl"id iu
i qindjqda pinied emd |mf niqds cdeibd qmd gsuq"
dds dbind emgd pmwugegij qf qmd hgjl* Qmd asibi
gsuq igsda gj Uftqmdiuq Iugij eftjqsgdu ija upsdia
iesfuu qmd |fsna qf Dtsfpd. qmd Ibdsgeiu. ija ddj
qf qmd Bgaand Diuq. |mdsd Hfsdij etnqtsd |iu jfq
wdq |dnn hjf|j. qf cdefbd i cgl pisq f Minnwt. fs
qmd uf"einnda Hfsdij |id* Eftjqnduu fsdglj iju
fAid Kijl Ldtbmid qsidnnda qf Uftqm Hfsdi qf
d}pdsgdjed Hfsdij etgugjd ija pinied etnqtsd* Gj
ddeq. qmd asibi duqicngumda i jd| ngjd f etnqtsin
qftsgub qmdbda fj qsiagqgfjin sfwin etgugjd ija
etnqtsd*
Uffj iqds|isau. bikfs csfiaeiuqgjl uqiqgfju
cdlij gjduqgjl btem bfsd gj qmd esdiqgfj f
tugfj uildth* Qmdw |dsd lgdj gjesdagcnd eiuqgjl.
uedjdu f egjdbiqge psfpfsqgfju. ntum efuqtbdu.
ija ibi{gjl uftjaqsiehu* Atd qf qmd gjqdsjiqgfjin
pfptnisgqw f tugfj uildth. qmd bigj ieqfsu ija
ieqsduudu mid cdefbd i jd| ldjdsiqgfj f Minnwt
uqisu gj eftjqsgdu |mdsd qmdw mid cddj uddj* Qmd
ieqsduu Mij Mwf"kt. qmd ndiagjl niaw gj Afjl Wg.
ijfqmds tugfj uildth f BCE. |iu mignda iu qmd
jd}q Ndd Wftjl"id gj Emgji. ija qmd ieqfs Hijl Kg"
m|ij kfgjda qmd ngjd f cdnfda Minnwt uqisu gj Kipij
iqds qmd uteeduu f qmd HCU tugfj uildthMfjl Lgn
Afjlgj 3??=*
\dnn biad tugfj uildth asibiu mid sdedgda
fdsudiu sdefljgqgfj ija ifsicnd sdgd|u* Qmd
HCU bgjgudsgduM|ijl Kgj Wguqissgjl qmd ieqsduu
Mi Kg"|fj iaijeda qf qmd bigj efbpdqgqgfj f qmd
3??< Bfjqd Eisnf QP @duqgin* Niuq wdis. qmd ieqfs
Kijl Mwth |iu jfbgjiqda fs qmd 3?99 Gjqdsjiqgfjin
Dbbw I|isa fs mgu pdsfsbijed gj Emtjf* Qmd
asibi inuf |fj qmd Cduq Asibi Udsgdu i|isa gj qmd
3?9? Iugij QP I|isau ija |iu jfbgjiqda fs qmd
3?99 Bfjqd Eisnf QP @duqgin*9
9 Mij Li"gj ija Hgb Ut"iq qmd psfateqgfj ijjftjeedsdbfjw f`Qmd Utj ija qmd Bffj*3 Ndd Wftjl"id f`Aid Kijl Ldtb*5 _fuqds gbild `fs HCU asM|ijl Kgj Wg*1 Kijl Mwth f` qmd 3?99asibi Emtjf*
53
1
U_FSQU
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
21/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem50
CiabgjqfjUmtqqndefehu @nwgjl Mglm fs Lfna
Qmd Fnwbpge qsigjgjl `fs qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqgfjin ciabgjqfj qdib gu gj `tnn u|gjl*cw Emtjl Ai"wftjl & pmfqflsipmu cw Hgb Kgj"mdd
Qmd ciabgjqfj qsigjgjl eftsq iq qmd QidjdtjlQsigjgjl Edjqds gj @dcstisw |iu gnnda |gqmqmd uftjau f umtqqndefehu u|gumgjl cieh ija
fsqm fds qmd jdqu* Qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqgfjin
ciabgjqfj qdib f 34 bdj ija 35 |fbdj pigsda
f ija psieqgeda pf|dstn sinngdu infjl icftq i
af{dj jdqu fj qmd eftsq* Qmd qdib cdlij gqu fegin
Fnwbpgeu qsigjgjl gj Kijtisw. |gqm qmd lfin f
|gjjgjl i qmgsa efjudetqgd Fnwbpge lfna bdain
qmgu utbbds gj Nfjafj*
qmd upfsq cdeibd ij fgegin bdain ddjq iq qmd
9773 Cisednfji Fnwbpgeu* Qmd qdib cfiuqu i psfta
sdefsa f ug} lfna. uddj ugnds. ija fts csfj{d
bdainu sfb d Fnwbpgeu*
Qmd |fsna f ciabgjqfj gu afbgjiqda cw Emgji.
Uftqmdiuq Iugi. ija Dtsfpd* Diem sdlgfj miu gqu uqsfjl
pfgjqu fs |gjjgjl biqemdu gjugad qmd eftsq* Gq gu
|dnn hjf|j qmiq Emgji miu qmd nislduq pffn f mglmnw"
uhgnnda iqmndqdu8 pniwdsu sfb Uftqmdiuq Iugi isd dsw
`d}gcnd ija mid mglm sd`d}du8 ija Dtsfpdij iqmndqdu
mid qmd pmwugein iaijqildu f uqsdjlqm ija mdglmq*
Mf| afdu qmd Hfsdij jiqgfjin qdib sijh ibfjl
qmd |fsnau qfp pniwdsu6
Efiem Utjl Mij"hth uiwu. Qf qdnn wft qmd qstqm.
qmd Hfsdij pniwdsu mid idsild pmwugein uqsdjlqm
efbpisda qf fsdglj pniwdsu. ctq |d mid qmd uhgnn.
qieqgeu. ija pdsuddsijed qf cd qfp pniwdsu* Iu |dnn
iu qftlm pmwugein qsigjgjl. |d fetu fj updda.
psdageqgd qmgjhgjl. ija sdnd}* G qsigj bw qdib qf
sdia qmd libd cdfsd gq ddj mippdju*
Ciabgjqfj gu i upfsq qmiq sdytgsdu uwjemsfjg{da
dwd. ffq. ija |sguq effsagjiqgfj* I hddj dwd eijudd qmd cngja upfqu f qmd fppfjdjq8 ubisq qmgjhgjl
eij psdageq qmd jd}q bfd8 ytgeh ddq eij eiqem qmd
ctnndq"iuq umtqqndefehu8 ija i uqsfjl ija nd}gcnd
|sguq eij udja qmd umtqqndefeh cieh iesfuu qmd jdq
fjnw gjemdu cdfsd gq mgqu qmd lsftja*
Updda. ilgngqw. pf|ds. ija djatsijed isd inuf
hdw gjlsdagdjqu. ctq qmd icgngqw qf ijqgegpiqd
qmd fppfjdjqu jd}q bfd ija ldq imdia f qmd
umtqqndefeh gu qmd duudjed f cdgjl qmd jtbcds"
fjd pniwds* Wft isd insdiaw qff niqd g wft fnnf|
qmd fppfjdjqu umtqqndefeh |gqm wfts dwdu gsuq
ija bfd wfts ddq udefja* Fjnw i lsdiq pniwds
eij psdageq qmd qsikdeqfsw f qmd umtqqndefeh iqds
djanduu gbild qsigjgjl ija ijinwugu*
I Sgugjl uqIS
Ndd Wfjl"aid f qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqgfjin qdib
gu efjugadsda fjd pniwds |mf miu qmgu icgngqw* Iu
i 3??= Cdgkgjl Fnwbpgeu lfna bdainguq gj bg}da
aftcndu |gqm Ndd Mwf"kdfjl. Ndd Wfjl"aid gu i sgugjl
uqis gj Hfsdij ciabgjqfj* Fjnw 3? wdisu fna. md gu
qmd ciabgjqfj ldjgtu qmiq qmd eftjqsw miu cddj
nffhgjl fs ugjed Uftqm Hfsdiu lfnadj aiwu f qmd
977?u |mdj _ish Kff"cfjl. atccda qmd Dbpdsfs
f Umtqqndefeh. stnda qmd gjqdsjiqgfjin isdji* Nddu
ytgeh qmgjhgjl djicndu mgb qf emijld mgu qieqgeu iu
jddada* Inn f mgu nglmqjgjl iuq ubiumdu. ufq asfp
umfqu. ija emijldu gj agsdeqgfj efbd |mdj mgufppfjdjq ndiuq d}pdequ qmdb* Ndd cdeibd ibftu
|mdj md |fj lfna iq qmd Cdgkgjl Fnwbpgeu. qmd
wftjlduq"dds lfna bdainguq gj Fnwbpge ciabgjqfj*
Md |gnn cd glmqgjl fs mgu udefja Fnwbpge lfna
bdain qmgu wdis |gqm mgu pisqjds Ktjl Kid"utjl gj qmd
bdju aftcndu*
QSigjgjl `FS lF
Efiem Utjl Mij"hth
qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqg
ciabgjqfj qdib
Qmd qdib gu uemdatndaqf efbpdqd gj jtbdsftugjqdsjiqgfjin efbpdqgqgfjucd`fsd qmd Nfjafj FnwbpQmd efbpdqgqgfju |gnn cd i
lsdiq |iw `fs qmd pniwdsu hddp gj umipd ija ldq tudagjqdsjiqgfjin biqemdu*
9 NDD Wfjl"aid qsigju qfefbpdqd gj qmd bdjuaftcndu aggugfj*3 Qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqgfqdib gu sdiaw qf efbpdqd gjqdsjiqgfjin biqemdu*5 Fnwbpge qsigjgjl iq qmdQidjdtjl Qsigjgjl Edjqdsgj `tnn u|gjl*
3
5
9
CIabgjqfj lfna
Qmd Hfsdij bdju aftcndu qdib f Ndd Wfjl"aid
ija Ktjl Kid"utjl etssdjqnw sijhu jtbcds q|f gj
qmd |fsna* Qmd Uftqm Hfsdij jiqgfjin qdib miu
pniwdsu gj qmd bdju ugjlndu. |fbdju aftcndu. ija
bg}da aftcndu inn sijhgjl gj qmd |fsnau qfp qdj*
Qmd jiqgfjin qdib miu inuf bishda sdefsau gj piuq
Fnwbpge Libdu* \gqm qmd d}edpqgfj f qmd 3???
Uwajdw Fnwbpge Libdu. qmd Hfsdij ciabgjqfj
qdib miu |fj i lfna bdain gj ddsw Fnwbpgeu ugjed
Updegin gUUtd
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
22/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem5=
mda gj Jd| Admg. Gjagi fj Kijtisw 90 ija 9< qmgu
wdis. qmd Umdspiu sdiemda ilsddbdjq fj ibfuq i
qmfsjw guutdu f qmd qd}q f qmd efbbtjgyt |gqm i
gd| qf jig{gjl qmd qd}q cdfsd qmd Udft utbbgq*
Qmd gji Umdspi bddqgjl gu uiqda qf qihd pied gj
Udft fj @sgaiw Bisem 35*
Qmd Udft Efbbtjgyt |g gjetad updegge
ieqgfju qf psddjq jtedis qdssfs iqqiehu. gjetagjl
dfsqu qf bgjgbg{d qmd mfagjl ija tud f utem
aijldsftu jtedis utcuqijedu iu mglmw djsgemda
tsijgtb ija ptqfjgtb. qf cdqqds psfqdeq jtedis
ieggqgdu. ija qf fsduqi gdli qsi`ehgjl f jtedis
biqdsgiu* Qmd efbbtjgyt |g iuf iaasduu utem
dbdslgjl guutdu iu qmd gjqdssdiqgfj cdq|ddj jtedis
udetsgqw ija jtedis uidqw iu |d iu bijildbdjq
f siagfieqgd biqdsgiu. |mgem mid cdefbd f
gjesdiugjl gjqdsduq ugjed qmd gsuq Jtedis Udetsgqw
Utbbgq gj \iumgjlqfj AE. gj 3?9?*
Qmd psdpisiqfsw udesdqisgiq miu psfeddada |gqm
i sijld f ptcgegqw ieqggqgdu qf fsld i efjudjutu
fj qmd utbbgq ija qmd guutdu ija qf dgegq |gads
sdupfjud ija effpdsiqgfj sfb qmd ptcge* Ibfjl
qmdud. gq mda updegi ddjqu iq Udft Uqiqgfj ija qmd
Udft D}psduu Ctu Qdsbgji fj Kijtisw 3? ija 39
fs qmfud |mf dq Udft fs qmdgs mfbdqf|ju fj qmd
feeiugfj f Udfi. fs qmd ntjis Jd| Wdisu mfgaiw*
Gq |g efjqgjtd |gqm qmdud dfsqu qf bihd qmd
utbbgq i utbbgq |gqm qmd ptcge*
I Uqdppgjl"Uqfjd `sfb AdenIsIqgfjU
qf Ieqgfj
Qmd 3?93 Udft Jtedis Udetsgqw Utbbgq gu uddj iu
i uqdppgjl"uqfjd qmsftlm |mgem qmd gjqdsjiqgfji
efbbtjgqw |g psfedda sfb adeisiqgfju qf
ieqgfj* Qmd utbbgq iuf igbu qf psdudjq i t
agsdeqgfj gj |mgem tqtsd liqmdsgjlu f qmd Jt
Udetsgqw Utbbgq |g bfd fj* Qmd gsuq Jt
Udetsgqw Utbbgq gj \iumgjlqfj adeisda ij gj
pfgqgei gugfj fj jtedis udetsgqw cw qmd m
f bfsd qmij 4? eftjqsgdu ija qmd sdpsdudjqi
f qmd TJ. GIDI. ija DT. ija qmd udefja Jte
Udetsgqw Utbbgq gj Udft |g fds ieqgfj"fsgd
gugfju ija updegge bdiutsdu qf qihd fj jt
udetsgqw gj fsads qf udq qmd |fsa sdd sfb qmd
f jtedis ija siagfieqgd qdssfs iqqiehu*
Qf qmgu dja. qmd tpefbgjl utbbgq igbu qf b
psflsduu fj ilsddbdjqu sdiemda iq qmd `suq Jt
Udetsgqw Utbbgq. qf gadjqgw jd| ildjai gqdb
ugljg`eijed. ija qf tsqmds eisgw qmd hdw fckde
f jtedis udetsgqw ija psfgad updegge ieqgfj
qihd fs qmdgs iemgddbdjq*
Udftu mfuqgjl f qmd udefja Jtedis Udet
Utbbgq gu bdijgjlt iu gq gjageiqdu qmiq Uf
Hfsdi gu jf| ieqgdw pisqgegpiqgjl gj b
aguetuugfju fj gjqdsjiqgfji udetsgqw gj qmd p
Efa \is dsi. |mgem udq gjqf ijfqmds pmiud gj
|ihd f qmd 7&99 qdssfs iqqieh*
Jtedis udetsgqw gu dbdslgjl iu fjd f qmd b
esgqgei gjqdsjiqgfji udetsgqw guutdu gj qmgu pfuq"
\is dsi. ij duudjqgi psdsdytgugqd fs jtedis i
sdateqgfj. jtedis jfj"psfgdsiqgfj. pdiedt
f jtedis pf|ds. ija tqgbiqdw i |fsa |gq
jtedis isbu*
Uftqm Hfsdi gu sdiaw qf piw i estegi sf
umipgjl qmd jd| gjqdsjiqgfji udetsgqw fsads i
emigs eftjqsw f qmd 3?93 Udft Jtedis Udet
Utbbgq*
Udesdqisgiq. |mgem gu da cw Uftqm Hfsdij @fsdglj
Iigsu ija Qsiad Bgjguqds Hgb Utjl"m|ij. efudw
efjutqda |gqm qmd lfdsjbdjqu f qmd sftlmw
4? eftjqsgdu ija fts gjqdsjiqgfji fslijg{iqgfju
gjetagjl qmd Tjgqda Jiqgfju qmiq isd lfgjl qf
iqqdja qmd utbbgq* Qmd udesdqisgiq iuf fetudu fj
ptcgegqw ija ptcge agpfbiew iu qmd emigs eftjqsw
f qmd utbbgq gj fsads qf mdp sigud i|isdjduu f
qmd gbpfsqijed f jtedis udetsgqw ija ptcgeg{d
qmd d}pdeqda ftqefbd f qmd utbbgq iq mfbd ija
icsfia*
Qmd Udft Efbbtjgyt. |mgem gu qf cd iafpqda
iu ij ftqefbd f qmd utbbgq. miu cddj ibfuq
efbpdqdw mibbdsda ftq qmsftlm efjutqiqgfj*
Iq qmd qmgsa Umdspi bddqgjl. i psdpisiqfsw bddqgjl
Qmd 3?93 Udft Jtedis Udetsgqw Utbbgq. fsqmd 3?93 Udft JUU. qf aguetuu |iwu qf cdqqdseffpdsiqd gj gjqdsjiqgfji udetsgqw gu fjw i bfjqm
i|iw* Qmd utbbgq |g psgbisgw iaasduu jtedis
udetsgqw ija jtedis uidqw fj Bisem 30 ija 3
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
23/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem1?
_ISH JtlII Bdagein Afeqfs Eisgjl fs @gngpgjfu
As* _ish Jtli miu sdiada md cieh|ffau ija umijwf|ju f` md _mgngppgjdu `fs icft
34 wdisu f psfgad `sdd bdagein udsged* Migjl mgbudn` cddj dsbgjinnw gnn |gm eijeds.
mgu std efnfsu umgjd msftlm mgu lffa addau ddj bfsd* qfaiw md iligj udu ft f|isa i
sdbfd gnnild |gm mgu udmfuefpd isftja mgu jdeh* cw Hgb Bgj"udfj
Mgb qf lgd bd ktuq qmsdd bfsd bfjqmu qf ngd ija
qsdiq qmd ugeh. ija qmiq jd| ngd f qmsdd bfjqmu
miu niuqda qmgu nfjl. efjduudu As* _ish* Cdeitud G
hjf| qmd pigj f cdgjl ugeh. G tjadsuqija qmd pigju
f qmd ugeh cdqqds ija eisd icftq qmdb ddj bfsd*
Mgu gnnjduu csftlmq mgb jdisds qf qmd pigju ija
ilfjgdu f mgu piqgdjqu* Uqijagjl fj qmd dsld f
adiqm uddsin qgbdu. md adegada qf |inh mgu ngd piqm
iu i bguugfjisw"bdagein afeqfs bfsd igqmtnnw* Md
mgbudn lsd| tp iu i pffs cfw gj i stsin isdi ija
utdsda sfb agudiud* Qmiq gu |mw md qmgjhu md miu
cddj bfnada ija umipda fs qmgu bguugfj cdqqds
qmij ijwcfaw dnud* Ufbd uddj wdisu mid piuuda
ugjed md |iu agiljfuda |gqm btnqgpnd efjagqgfju.
ctq md uqgnn sdiemdu ftq qf qmfud gj sdbfqd isdiu* Md
`jau mgbudn mdinqmgds ija bfsd djdsldqge qsdiqgjl
gnnildsu f pffs isdiu*
Gj 3??1. md sdjfiqda i ctu iu i bdagein
udsged dmgend* Gq gu dsw fna. uf md sdytdjqnw miu
csdihaf|ju ija miu qf uqfp fj qmd sfia qf bihd
sdpigsu. ctq qmiq afdu jfq uqfp mgb sfb sdiemgjl
ftq* Q|f wdisu ilf. md fpdjda i ubinn engjge fj
qmd ftquhgsqu f Bijgni* Md jibda qmd engjge Jtli
Bguugfj Bdagein Edjqds. ija ugeh pdfpnd |mf
eijjfq ifsa piga bdagein eisd efbd qf qmd engjge
qf udd mgb* _iqgdjqu md bddqu fj bdagein qsgpu isd
mfupgqing{da ija sdedgd fpdsiqgfju mdsd. qff*
Cfqm mgu qsdiqbdjq ija bdagegjdu isd sdd f
emisld* Mgu engjge ija mgu fntjqdds ieqggqgdu isd
bfuqnw tjada cw afjiqgfju sfb emtsemdu ija mgu
ieytigjqijedu gj Uftqm Hfsdi*
As* _ish Jtli cdngddu qmiq md jddau qf cd
|mdsdds qmd piqgdjqu jdda mgb* Qmiq gu |mw md gu
gj qmd _mgngppgjdu*
9 Gj disnw @dcstisw f` 3?HCU nbda i afetbdjqisudsgdu icftq qmd uqfsw f` A_ish Jtli qgqnda Nfd iuiu gq mtsqu*3 As* _ish qsiju`fsbda i gjqf i bdagein dmgend qf aqf sdbfqd gnnildu*
Ctq qmdsd isd bfsd pniedu isd gjieeduugcnd cw ctu*
Ufbd einn mgb qmd _duqinf{{g f qmd _mgngppgjdu*_ish Jtli. i Uftqm Hfsdij utsldfj. miupsfgada sdd bdagein udsged gj qmd _mgngppgjdu
fs jdisnw i ytisqds edjqtsw* Md miu gugqda bfsd
qmij 4? sdbfqd gnnildu ija untbu iu i fntjqdds
bdagein afeqfs* Ufbd f qmd gnnildu sdytgsd fds i
jgjd"mfts asgd. ija ufbd isd gjieeduugcnd cw eis.
sdytgsgjl mgb qf |inh qmd sduq f qmd |iw* Ufbd isd
udpisiqda cw engu ija efjjdeqda cw fjnw qmd bfuq
stagbdjqisw sfpd ffq csgald* Ufbd ddj sdytgsd
mgb qf engbc i bftjqigj cisdffq |gqm i ciehpieh
tnn f bdagegjd*
I nfjl etd f gnnildsu fsbu tpfj mgu issgin
gnnildsu |igqgjl qf udd mgb fs qmdgs gnnjduudu.
nglmq iu i ugbpnd efna fs udsgftu djftlm qf sdytgsd
ngd"emijlgjl d}pdsgdjed atsgjl |mgem md ippngda
mgu uhgnnu ija lid mgu qgbd qf uid psdegftu ngdu* Md
adegada qf fsdlf mgu asdib f cdefbgjl i utsldfj
ija ndiagjl i efbfsqicnd ngd ija gjuqdia biad
tp mgu bgja qf adfqd mgu ngd qf qmd bguugfj f
psfgagjl bdagein udsgedu gj sdbfqd isdiu* Md ddj
sguhda mgu ngd qf udsd gj i sdlgfj tjads qmd efjqsfn
f Btungb sdcdnu fj qmd gunija f Bgjaijif* Iqds
lsiatiqgjl sfb bdagein uemffn. md uqtagda qmdfnflw
qf cdefbd i bguugfjisw"bdagein afeqfs* Gj ieq. mgu
Hfsdij jibd. Jtli. gu i qsijungqdsiqgfj f qmd jibd
f qmd Ipfuqnd Nthd. |mf mgbudn |iu i bguugfjisw"
bdagein afeqfs icftq 3.??? wdisu ilf*
Iqds lsiatiqgfj ija bissgild. md sdqtsjda qf qmd
_mgngppgjdu. jf| |gqm i |gd ija i fjd"wdis"fna ufj*
Iqds wdisu f nggjl gj qmd Uftqmdiuq Iugij eftjqsw.
mgu |gd utllduqda qmiq qmdw lf cieh qf Hfsdi fs
utem sdiufju iu qmdgs emgnasdju dateiqgfj. ctq md
sdbigjda iu adqdsbgjda iu dds qf uqiw* Md eftna
jfq ndid qmd ugeh pdfpnd |mf bglmq jdda mgb. ija
uf gq eibd qf cd qmiq md adegada qf sdbigj gj qmd
_mgngppgjdu infjd*
Wdu. md gu nfjdufbd. nggjl udpisiqdnw sfb mgu
ibgnw gj i fsdglj eftjqsw. ctq qmd lsdiqds eminndjld
md iedu gu mgu f|j igngjl mdinqm* Gj 9773. md |iu
agiljfuda |gqm pijesdiqge eijeds gj qmd disnw uqildu
ija tjads|djq utsldsw. ctq gj 3??1. md mia qf lf
qmsftlm q|f bfsd utsldsgdu qf qsdiq uqfbiem eijeds*
Qf bihd biqqdsu |fsud. md |iu efjudytdjqnw
agiljfuda gj 3??7 |gqm ngds egssmfugu ija agicdqdu*
Qmd afeqfsu aga jfq qmgjh md mia bfsd qmij q|f
bfjqmu qf ngd*
Iq qmiq qgbd. G psiwda qf Lfa ija d}pdsgdjeda
Mgb pdsufjinnw* \gqm i udsijqu mdisq. G cdllda
9
dbdsldjew eisd* I qdbpfsisw fpdsiqgjl sffb biw
cd udq tp fs ij dbdsldjew piqgdjq. fs qmd piqgdjq gu
gbbdagiqdnw udjq qf i mfupgqin gj Bijgni. qmd jiqgfju
eipgqin*
I nieh f psfpds bdagein dytgpbdjq ija ij
icudjed f jtsudu bihd mgu kfc ddj bfsd eminndjl"
gjl* \mdj mdu ntehw djftlm qf ifsa qmd mdnp f
Uftqm Hfsdij uqtadjqu uqtawgjl gj q md _mgngppgjdu
fs fqmds fntjqddsu. md eij tutinnw udd inn qmfud
|igqgjl gj qmd nfjl etd. ija qmd aiw djau fj i
cnguutn jfqd*
Ufbdqgbdu. As* _ish sdedgdu dsw cia jd|u* I
d| bfjqmu ilf. md sdedgda mdisq"csdihgjl jd|u
fj i bdagein qsgp qf i umijqwqf|j jibda Qfjaf.
Bijgniu liscild atbp* Md mia cddj qmdsd cdfsd
ija qsdiqda i udsgftunw binjftsgumda cicw cfw*
Md gugqda qmd gnnild iligj ufbdqgbd niqds |gqm
dndeqsfnwqd ija jtqsgqgfjin utppndbdjqu qf lgd mgb
fjnw qf mdis md mia piuuda i|iw icftq i bfjqm
disngds*
Bfuq f qmd pdfpnd mdsd mid jdds cddj qf
i engjge fs mfupgqin gj qmdgs djqgsd ngdu* I bgjfs
agudiud qmiq eftna diugnw cd etsda gj Uftqm Hfsdi
cdefbdu udsgftu mdsd |gqmftq qgbdnw qsdiqbdjq*
Qmiq csdihu bw mdisq. adpnfsdu As* _ish. iaagjl. G
eijq mdnp ctq cnibd bwudn qmiq G umftna mid efbd
disngds qf qihd eisd f qmdb*
Enfud qf qmd _igju ija ilfjgdu f`
qmd ugEh
Gq |iujq mgu asdib qf fntjqdds fs bdagein udsgedu
|mdj md djqdsda bdagein efnndld* Gq |iu ugbpnw
cw emijed qmiq md |djq qf qmd _mgngppgjdu fj i
bdagein fntjqdds qsgp atsgjl i ieiqgfj* Gq |iu i
Utbbgq Agpnfbiew
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
24/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem13
Qmd gjqdsjiqgfjin fgn bishdqu mid cddj sfehdacw d}pdeqiqgfju qmiq \duqdsj eftjqsgdu |gnngbpfud uijeqgfju fj Gsijgij fgn d}pfsqu iq ijw
qgbd* Gj sdupfjud. eftjqsgdu isftja qmd |fsna mid
bfda ytgehnw qf udetsd sdngicnd inqdsjiqgd uftsedu
f estad fgn* @fs gjuqijed. Emgjdud _sdbgds \DJ
Kgicif gugqda Uitag Isicgi. qmd Tjgqda Isic Dbgsiqdu
-TID'. ija Yiqis disngds qmgu wdis* Kipij miu cddj
ieqgjl nghd|gud gj i cga qf ligj ieeduu qf iaagqgfjin
utppngdu f estad fgn. g jddada*
Uftqm Hfsdi gu jf d}edpqgfj* Qmd eftjqsw gu qmd
qdjqm nislduq djdslw efjutbds gj qmd |fsna. ctq gqu
djdslw gjatuqsw gu jfq dsw efbpdqgqgd* Gq inuf niehu
ij iadytiqd pffn f psfduugfjin mtbij sduftsedu*
Endisnw. Uftqm Hfsdi gu gj i dsw psdeisgftu uqiqd ija
btuq udetsd uqicnd utppngdu gj fsads qf ddeqgdnw
efbpdqd gj qmd lnfcin isdji* Qmgu gu |mw qmdsd |dsd
utem mglm d}pdeqiqgfju f _sdugadjq Nddu gugq qf qmd
Bgaand Diuq qmiq gq |ftna djicnd sdngicnd utppngdu f
iaagqgfjin estad fgn gj qmd gjqdsjiqgfjin fgn bishdqu*
\iu qmd cga uteeduutn6 Wdu*
Qmd Cgl Qmsdd _ndald UtCUQijQgin
Eff_dsiQgfj
Qmd qmsdd Ltn eftjqsgdu f Uitag Isicgi. Yiqis.
ija qmd TID. |mgem _sdugadjq Ndd sdedjqnw gugqda.
ieeftjq fs icftq min f Uftqm Hfsdiu qfqin estad
gbpfsqu. |gqm umisdu f 59*1 pdsedjq. 9?*? pdsedjq.
ija 7*1 pdsedjq sdupdeqgdnw* Gsij ieeftjqu fs
ijfqmds 7*< pdsedjq. ctq nghdnw iedu uijeqgfju cw
qmd gjqdsjiqgfjin efbbtjgqw fs gqu fj lfgjl asgd
qf addnfp jtendis |dipfju* Gj qmd ddjq qmiq
uijeqgfju isd gbpfuda ija Uftqm Hfsdi eijjfq_sdugadjq Ndd Pgugqu Qtshdw ijaQmsdd Ltn` UqiqduCsdihqmsftlm gj sdupfjagjl qfqmd lnfcin defjfbge esgugu
Uftqm Hfsdij _sdugadjq Ndd Bwtjl"cih gugqda Qtshdw. Uitag Isicgi. Yiqis. ija
qmd Tjgqda Isic Dbgsiqdu -TID' sfb @dcstisw 1 qf 99* Qmd qsgp wgdnada i sijld f
ftqefbdu gjentagjl pndaldu fs dbdsldjew utppngdu f fgn gj qmd ddjq f gbpfugqgfj f
uijeqgfju fj Qdmsij ija i cdqqds pfugqgfj fs Uftqm Hfsdij efbpijgdu qf pisqgegpiqd gj
lfdsjbdjq psfkdequ*cw Ndd U"b
gbpfsq estad fgn sfb Gsij. gq |gnn jdeduuisgnw m
qf gjesdiud fgn gbpfsqu sfb fqmds fgn psfat
qf bgjgbg{d qmd iadsud gbpieq fj qmd afb
gjatuqsw*
_sdugadjq Ndd sdedgda iuutsijedu sfb U
Isicgi qmiq qmd hgjlafb |ftna ieefbbf
ijw sdytduq fs bfsd fgn sfb qmd Uftqm Hfs
lfdsjbdjq fs efbpijgdu* Qf qmgu dja. qmd
eftjqsgdu |gnn mid qmd qm Uftqm Hfsdi"Uitag Is
bddqgjl fj pdqsfndtb ija bgjdsin sduftsedu dis
qmd `suq min f qmgu wdis qf aguetuu updeg`e bdiu
qf djutsd uqicnd djdslw utppnw fs Uftqm Hfsdi*
Yiqis inuf pndalda qmiq gq |ftna d}qdja
tnn effpdsiqgfj* Qmd q|f eftjqsgdu uglj
bdbfsijatb f tjadsuqijagjl qf d}pnfsd ts
effpdsiqgfj fppfsqtjgqgdu gj djdslw ija ji
sduftsedu iu |dnn iu gj gjatuqsw*
Fj qmd `jin ndl f qmgu fts"aiw qfts. _sdugadj
mia qinhu |gqm Esf|j _sgjed Umdghm Bfmib
cgj [iwda in"Jimiwij f Ict Amicg f qmd Tj
Isic Dbgsiqdu. gj |mgem qmd Esf|j _sgjed iuu
_sdugadjq Ndd qmiq qmd TID |ftna psfgad iaagqg
estad fgn g jdeduuisw* Jfqicnw. qmd q|f ndi
sdefjgsbda qmiq Uftqm Hfsdi |ftna mid
psgfsgqw sglmqu qf ptsemiud tp qf 5??.??? ci
f estad fgni i aiw ftq f dbdsldjew gjesdiud
psfateqgfj*
Qmdw inuf ilsdda qf gjh i bigj ilsddbdjq fs
addnfpbdjq f qmsdd fgn gdnau gj qmd TID cw d
jd}q bfjqm* Qmd ugljgjl f qmd bigj ilsddbdjq
fsglgjinnw cddj uniqda fs qmd udefja min f qmgu w
ctq qmd psflsduu ieedndsiqda ugljg`eijqnw cdfsd
gugq* Qmd psfpfuin miu insdiaw piuuda qmd Qdem
Uftqm Hfsdi ija Qtshdw ilsddaqf efjentad @QI jdlfqgiqgfjucw qmd suq min` f` qmgu wdis*
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
25/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem11
Efbbgqqdd f qmd Utpsdbd _dqsfndtb Eftjegn ija
i|igqu qmd Eftjegnu jin adegugfj*
nisld EfjUQstEQgfj _sfkdEQU f_dj
affsU Qf Hfsdij Efb_ijgdU
Qmd ftqefbd f _sdugadjq Nddu sdedjq gugq qf qmd
Bgaand Diuq |iu |dnn sdedgda iq mfbd iu gq miu
fpdjda tp bijw bfsd fppfsqtjgqgdu fs Uftqm
Hfsdij efbpijgdu qf bihd fsiwu gjqf qmd sdlgfj. gj
iaagqgfj qf udetsgjl sdngicnd utppngdu f sduftsedu*
Fgn psfategjl eftjqsgdu gj qmd Bgaand Diuq mid
qmsgda ibga qmd lnfcin gjijegin esgugu ija isd
pnijjgjl djfsbftu efjuqsteqgfj ija gjsiuqsteqtsd
psfkdequ qf gbpsfd ptcnge |dnisd* G Uftqm Hfsdij
efbpijgdu engjem fppfsqtjgqgdu qf pisqgegpiqd gj
ufbd f qmdud psfkdequ. qmd eftjqsw |gnn djkfw i
udefja Bgaand Diuq cffb gj efjuqsteqgfj. fnnf|gjl
qmd gsuq cffb gj qmd 97
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
26/29
hfsdi 3?93 bisem10
Ngqqnd Cfqqndu f Mdipdj
Efubdqgeu umfpu gj Hfsdi isd tnn f utspsgudu* Qmdsd isd djanduu udndeqgfju f sfuw
ngpuqgehu. bgjg piehildu f stgqw iegin biuhu. ija ddj lffagd cilu `nnda |gqm
efbpngbdjqisw lgqu* Ntegiji sfb Isldjqgji einnu gq i asdibnija*cw Ntegiji AIcsibf & gnntuqsiqgfj cw Hgb Wfjl"bg
Inn |fbdj isftja qmd |fsna umisd iq ndiuq fjdqmgjl gj efbbfj; qmdw |ijq qf ddn cditqgtnija updegin* \mdj |d |dsd ngqqnd lgsnu. |d ij}gftunw
|igqda qf cdefbd tnn"lsf|j |fbdj ija |dis
bihdtp ija tud inn hgjau f cditqw psfatequ* G
sdbdbcds iu i ngqqnd lgsn updjagjl mftsu ugqqgjl jd}q
qf bw bfqmds. |iqemgjl mds |gqm iuegjiqgfj iu
umd ippngda mds bihdtp ddsw bfsjgjl* F eftsud
G |ftna ujdih isftja |gqm bw sgdjau qswgjl fj
ddswqmgjl |d eftna ldq fts mijau fj ija psdqdja
qf cd psgjeduudu ija ieqsduudu*
G hjd| qmiq G |iu jf nfjlds qmiq ngqqnd lgsn |mdj G
|iu ieda |gqm qmd eminndjld f migjl qf ctw bw
f|j bihdtp* G eftnajq sduguq ctwgjl ij gqdb gj
ddsw efubdqgeu umfp G djeftjqdsda* Gj bw eftjqsw.
Isldjqgji. |fbdj nfd qf bihd qmdbudndu nffh
cditqgtn ija updja i nfq f qgbd ija bfjdw fj qmd
niqduq cditqw ija iumgfj psfatequ* Bw sgdjau ija
G djkfwda ij feeiugfjin efubdqgeu umfppgjl upsdd.
ija G qmftlmq G hjd| ddswqmgjl qmdsd |iu qf hjf|
icftq efubdqgeu* Qmiq |iu cdfsd G eibd qf Uftqm
Hfsdi*
ddsw |fbiju asdib
\mdj G suq eibd qf Udftn gj 3??7. G |iu tjibgngis
|gqm qmd utssftjagjlu* G adegada qf qfts qmd
egqw. ija bw gsuq uqfp |iu i pfptnis adpisqbdjq
uqfsd gj Bwdfjl"afjl* Qmd umdds fntbd ija
d}qdjugd udndeqgfj f psfatequ iignicnd |dsd ytgqd
fds|mdnbgjl. ctq G qmftlmq gq |iu ugbgnis qf ijw
fqmds adpisqbdjq uqfsd icsfia* G |iu icftq qf ndid
|mdj G jinnw sding{da qmiq ij djqgsd nddn |iu nnda
|gqm efubdqge umfpu* Gq |iu mtld ija tnn f uf
bijw agdsdjq csijau. bijw f |mgem G mia jdds
uddj fs mdisa f cdfsd* G |iu inuf utspsguda cw
qmd agdsdjq isgdqgdu f qmd uibd qwpd f psf
inn jdiqnw utcaggada fj qmd csglmq eftjqd
updjq bfsd qmij ij mfts |inhgjl sfb fjd c
qf ijfqmds iabgsgjl qmd cfqqndu f dwd esdi
ngpuqgehu. ija dwd umiaf|u* G eftna udd qmiq qmd u
dbpnfwddu |dsd ubgngjl ija sdiaw qf iuuguq
ctq G |iu uqgnn fds|mdnbda ija |iujq utsd |m
|ijqda qf ctw* Qmiq |iu |mdj G |iu sdbgjada
G |iu uqgnn fj i qfts. ija G ndq qmd adpisqbdjq uqf
G ndq qmd adpisqbdjq uqfsd qmgjhgjl qmiq i |
`ffs ngjda |gqm ijew cditqw cftqgytdu |iu d
|fbiju asdib* Gq |iu psfcicnw qmd pnied |
ddsw Hfsdij |fbij |djq qf gja psfateq
pibpds mdsudn* G bdsdnw iuutbda qmiq qmgu |iu
fjnw utem pnied. ctq G ytgehnw sding{da mf| |sf
|iu |mdj G |inhda infjl qmd bigj uqsddq f Bwd
afjl* Cdq|ddj qmd udi f pdfpnd ija jdfj ng
G eftna upfq bfsd qmij i af{dj efubdqgeu umfp
i lnijed* Qmd umfpu |dsd inn adefsiqda gj agd
efnfsu ija uqwndu. ija qmdw |dsd esf|ada
etuqfbdsu* Diem f qmdb fdsda qmftuijau f
fpqgfju* G eftnajq cdngdd bw dwdu) Ija ddj cd
G eftna sdbgja bwudn fjed bfsd qmiq G jddad
d}pnfsd fqmds pniedu. G |iu asi|j mdnpnduunw
fjd f qmd umfpu cw i niaw |mf ptq i ubinn ciuhd
bw mija* Qmd ciuhdq insdiaw nnda |gqm ubinn cf
ija piehdqu f bihdtp qf lgd i|iw* Qmd
ubgnda ija uiga Udsged. i Hfjlngum |fsa bdi
lgd"i|iw lffau fs udsgedu* G tjadsuqffa qmdj
umd |iu lggjl bd qmfud psfatequ ktuq cdeitud G
djqdsgjl qmd umfp* G agajq mid qf ctw ijwqmgjl
nffhgjl isftja |iu djftlm* G qmdj sding{da qm
mia djqdsda ijfqmds asdibnija*
Fjed bfsd. ddsw umdn |iu tnn f jd| psfat
gj isgftu umipdu ija ug{du. nifsu. uedjqu.
-
8/2/2019 KOREA magazine [MARCH 2012 VOL. 9 NO. 3]
27/29
efnfsu* G aguefdsda jfq fjnw qmiq Hfsdij umfpu
fdsda mtld udndeqgfju ctq qmiq qmd Hfsdiju mia
sdgjdjqda |iwu f ippnwgjl ija tugjl efjdjqgfjin
psfatequ* G mia qf ndq lf f inn bw psdefjedpqgfju f
mf| efubdqgeu umftna nffh*
Iqds pniwgjl mgad ija uddh |gqm qmd dbpnfwddu
fs ufbd bgjtqdu G adegada