Kosovo War Where is Kosovo? History of Yugoslavia 1945 SFRY was formed 1980 After Titos death 1991 4 of Yogoslavs countries 1992 New Yugoslavia(Serbia- Montenegro) 2002 Agreement about Federations disorganization Disorganization Kosovo? Around 90% of people are Albanians The president of Serbia Milosevic deprive Kosovo of autonomy (1989) Kosovo wanted to fusion with Albania May, 1992 they hold a general election Organize KLA, armed strike Early in 90s they wanted to independent Kosovo? Albanian separatists started to attack Serb police(March, 1998) The ethnic cleansing(Sept, 1998) International community blamed Milosevic Peace talks Serbs refuse to sign(Feb, 1999) NATOs ultimatum(22 nd March, 1999) Milosevic and Serb assembly admitted peace treaty(June, 1999) Think about it During NATOs attack to Serbs, there were more and more Albanian casualties Without UNSCs resolution Repeat only airstrikes No casualty in NATO No benefit? No action! What is Kosovos status now? Kosovo has been administered by the U N since 1999 why was no deal reached? Kosovo would accept nothing but full ind ependence Serbia was only prepared to offer broad autonomy What did the UN propose? The UNs special envoy Martti Ahtisaari offered Kosovo supervised independence in April - steer Kosovo towards full independence and m embership of the UN - prevent Kosovo from combining with Albania - guaranteed places for the Serb minorities in loc al government and parliament Serbia and Russia oppose the Ahtisaari plan When will Kosovo declare Independence In January or February Envisages a transitional period of 120 days a new constitution would be adopted and safeguards erected to guarantee the Serb minoritys right After the 120-day period ends in late April or Ju ne, Kosovan independence would be effective What will happen to the Serb minority? There is already a partition in the Serb-domin- ated areas of Kosovo, north of the Ibar river Serbs in the region may declare their own autonomous Barricades might be erected But some 60,000 Serbs live in south of the Ibar river and some 5,000 ethnic Albanians live in the north of it How far could it spread? The 60% of Kosovo Serbs who live south of the Ibar river might violently driven from their homes The expulsion of ethnic Albanians living in north Kosovo, and in the Presevo and Bujanovac regions of southern Serbia The effects on other countries Separatists in other parts of the world would feel their case was strengthened Serbia and Russia will not recognize an independent Kosovo Serbia has threatened sanctions agai- nst countries that recognize Kosovos independence How do the international communities work for Kosovo? Nato, which has 16,000 peacekeepers in Kosovo, has pledged a strong response to any outbreak of violence The EU is expected to gradually take over many of the UNs duties, though some form of UN presence is likely to remain EU plans to have an international civilian office in Kosovo to supervise the implem- entation of the Ahtisarri plan references