kp 211-212 technical report geo.pdf - pdfmachine white...

Zegli IV-266, 320, sofeli awyuri, 211/212 km, kompleqsuri teqnikuri angariSi KP

1

axalcixis raionSi

Catarebuli arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis

kompleqsuri teqnikuri angariSi

(Zegli IV-266, 320, sofeli awyuri, 211/212-e km)

avtorebi

vaxtang liCeli, giorgi rCeuliSvili, merab kasraZe, r. rusiSvili,

nino kalandaZe, nana papuaSvili, l. yazaxiSvili, gela gobejiSvili

momzadda

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis

oTar lorTqifaniZis

arqeologiis centri

uznaZis q. #14

0102 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

gadaeca

BTC/SCP milsadenebis kompanias

saburTalos q. #38

0194 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

samuSao Sesrulda kontraqtebis safuZvelze

C-06-BTC-116628

C-06-SCP-116630

HL-241

I nawili

2007


2

sarCevi

mokle mimoxilva - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

rukebis, naxazebis, tabulebis, danarTebis sia - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1.0. Sesavali - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

2.0. garemo foni - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

2.1. Zeglis mdebareoba da aRwera - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

2.2. warsuli garemo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

2.3. miwis gamoyenebis istoria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

3.0. kulturuli foni - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

3.1. preistoriuli da istoriuli konteqsti - - - - - - - - - - 6

3.2. warsulSi Catarebuli kvlevis mimoxilva - - - - - - - ----17

4.0. meTodologia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18

4.1. savele meTodebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18

4.2. laboratoriuli meTodebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18

5.0. Sedegebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20

5.1. ZiriTadi monacemebis mimoxilva - - - - - - - - - - - - 20

5.2. Zeglebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

5.3. artefaqtebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35

6.0. interpretacia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38

7.0. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40

8.0. bibliografia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42

danarTebis sia

danarTi B. liTonis masalis kvlevis angariSi - - - - - - - - - - 44

danarTi C-1. paleozoologiuri kvlevis angariSi - - - - - - - - - - -46

danarTi D-1. paleoeTnobotanikuri kvlevis angariSi ........................................

danarTi E-1. palinologiuri kvlevis angariSi - - - - - - - - 51

danarTi E. ZiriTadi personalis sia - - - - - - - - - - 56

danarTi G. xelmZRvaneli piris reziume - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57

danarTi A. artefaqtebis nusxa

danarTi C2. paleozoologiuri masalis nusxa

danarTi D2. paleobotanikuri masalis nusxa

danarTi E2. palinologiuri masalis nusxa

danarTi F. ZiriTadi personali

danarTi G. xelmZRvaneli piris reziume

danarTi H. nebarTvebi da serTifikatebi


3

mokle mimoxilva

es angariSi warmoadgens milsadenis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT

Catarebuli arqeologiuri gamokvlevebis Sedegebs. kvleva Catarda

IV_270 Zeglze, romelic mdebareobs samcxeSi, axalcixis raionSi, sof.

awyuris midamoebSi, milsadenis 211-e da 212-e km-ze.

gadarCeniTi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi Catarda oT. lorTqifaniZis

arqeologiis institutis borjomis arqeologiuri eqspediciis mier,

vaxtang liCelis xelmZRvanelobiT, 2004-2005 wlebSi.

gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili da Sewavlilia XI-XVII saukuneebis rva

marani. Seswavlilia maTi teqnikuri aRWurviloba, dadgenilia

teqnologiuri detalebi, adgilobrivi samoneto mimoqcevis

Taviseburebebi, samSeneblo masalis xasiaTi da sxva.

interdisciplinaruli gamokvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenilia

meurneobis farTo profili (xorblis, Wvavis, yurZnis, zeTisxilis

moyvana, msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa pirutyvis moSeneba).

gamokvlevebis Sedegad miRebulia axali informacia Zveli qarTuli

meRvineobis Sesaxeb. erT-erT maranSi dadasturda sakulto-saritualo

daniSnulebis mcire formebi, rac iSviaT aRmoCenaTa rigs ganekuTvneba

da adasturebs aqamde mxolod eTnografiulad cnobil informacias.


4

tabulebis aRweriloba

tab. I. saqarTvelos ruka.

tab. II. gaTxrebis gegma Txrilebis mdebareobis miTiTebiT.

tab. III. Zegli IV 320, gegma.

tab. IV. Zegli IV 266, gegma

tab. V. awyuri, Zegli IV 320, Txrili #9, gegma.

tab. VI. awyuri, Zegli IV 320, Txrili #12, gegma

tab. VII. awyuri, Zegli IV 320, Txrili #12, Wrilebi ## 1-1 da 2-2.

tab. VIII. awyuri, Zegli IV 266, Txrilebi ## 20 da 21. gegmebi.

tab. IX. awyuri, Zegli IV 320, Txrili #18. gegma.

tab. X. a) awyuri, Txrili #9, marani, xedi samxreTidan.

b) awyuri, Txrili #12, saqajavi, xedi dasavleTidan.

g) awyuri, Txrili #20, TaRari xedi aRmosavleTidan.

tab. XI. awyuri, Suasaukuneebis keramikis krebiTi tabula Zeglebidan

IV-266 da IV 320.

tab. XII. a) awyuri, TaRari Txrili #20-dan.

b) fila warweriT �wm. giorgi� Txrili #9-dan.

tab. XIII. awyuri, moWiquli keramika Zeglebidan ## 266 da 320.

tab. XIV. awyuri, Zegli #266, liTonis nivTebi:

1) tyviis beWedi;

2) liTonis nivTebi gawmendamde;

3) liTonis nivTebi gawmendis Semdeg.

tab. XV. awyuri, osteologiuri masala Zeglidan #266;

1) Zroxisa da 2) Roris naSTebi.

tab. XVI. awyuri. paleobotanikuri masala Txrilebidan ## 20 da 21.

tab. XVII. awyuri, miwaTmoqmedebis elementebi, x600. 1-7 _ kulturuli

vazi (Vitis vinifera); 8, 10 � Txili (Corylus); 9 - kakali (Juglans regia); 11, 12 � zeTisxili (Olea europea); 13, 16 � nacarqaTama (Chenopodium album type); 14 - cixoriumi (Cichorioidae); 15 _ matitela (Polygonum aviculare type); 17 � nari (Carduus); 18-20 xorbali (Triticum).

tab. XVIII. awyuri, tyis elementebi, x600: 1 _ fiWvi (Pinus); 2 _ naZvi (Picea); 3 _ fSati (Elaeagnus type); 4 _ wifeli (Fagus orientalis); 5 _ muxa (Quercus); 6, 8 _ rcxila (Carpionus caucasica); 7 _ jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis); 9 _ muryani (Alnus); 10 _ cxratyava L(Lonicera); 11 _ pterisi (Pteris type); 12 _ eTedra (Ephedra); 13 _ tabela (Pteris cretica); 14 _

gvimranairiP(Polypodiaceae); 15 _ gvelis ena (Ophioglossum vulgate). tab. XIX. awyuri, teqstilis boWkoebi: 1-4 _ bamba; 5,6 � seli, x800. tab. XX. awyuri, teqstilis boWkoebi: bambis Zafis naSTebi, x800.


5

1.0 Sesavali

kvlevis mizani

proeqtis mizani iyo gadarCeniTi arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Catareba

samcxeSi, axalcixis raionSi, sofel awyurTan, milsadenis 211-e da 212-

e km-ze mdebare IV-266, 273, 320 Zeglebze. gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili

da Seswavlilia XI-XVII saukuneebis rva marani.

proeqtis sponsori

savele da laboratoriuli samuSaoebi daafinansa BTC milsadenis

kompaniam.

nebarTvebi da kontraqtebi

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebuli arqeologiuri

komisiis nebarTviT, vaxtan liCels mieniWa BTC milsadenis awyuris

monakveTze arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Catarebis uflebamosileba.

savele samuSaoebi Catarda Semdegi kontraqtebis safuZvelze: C-03-BTC-52923, C-03-SCP-52927, HL-194, 196 da 197. samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan

arsebuli arqeologiuri komisia, moTxovnisamebr, gascemda nebarTvas

da arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Catarebis uflebamosilebas aniWebda

arqeologiuri kvlevis centris (ase ewodeboda organizacias

nebarTvis gacemis momentSi. axla saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis

oTar lorTqifaniZis centri) warmomadgenels. nebarTva gulisxmobs

arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Catarebas arsebuli instruqciis

Sesabamisad.

gaTxrebis TariRi

savele da laboratoriuli samuSaoebi kvleva Catarda 2004-2005

wlebSi.

milsadenis mSeneblobis dros ganadgurda erTi marani. misi

arqeologiuri Seswavla veRar moxerxda.

masalis Senaxvis adgili

mopovebuli masala daculi iqneba arqeologiis centrSi Semdeg

misamarTze:

uznaZis q. #14,

0102 Tbilisi

tel. 95 29 20


6

2.0 garemo pirobebi

axalcixis raioni istoriuli samcxis provinciis nawilia. igi

mdebareobs axalcixis qvabulSi da moicavs mtkvris xeobas musxidan

awyuramde da focxovis xeobas qvablianis SesarTavs qvemoT.

CrdiloeTidan raions sazRvravs mesxeTis qedi, samxreTidan _

eruSeTis qedi.

raionis teritoriis didi nawili agebulia oligocenuri asakis

qviSaqvebiTa da TixebiT, mcire nawili (eruSeTis qedis kalTebi) _

eocenuri tuf-breqCiebiT, tufebiTa da andezitebiT. reliefi rTulia

da moicavs movakebul terasebs, meridianul xeobebs, mcire qvabulebsa

da vulkanur mTebs.

axalcixis raionis umetes nawilSi mTianeTis stepebis havaa. zamTari

civia da mcireTovliani, zafxuli _ xangrZlivi da Tbili. axalcixis

qvabulis Zirze ianvris saSualo temperaturaa -3,8°C, agvistosi +20,5°C.

naleqebi aq weliwadSi 520 mm-s ar aRemateba, mTian zonaSi ki 1200 mm-

mde aRwevs.

mcenareuli safaridan raionSi gabatonebulia kldis qserofituli

buCqebi da naxevarbuCqebi (Rvia, glerZa, zRarba), agreTve qserofituli

mravalwliani balaxeuloba. mTis tyis qveda zonaSi gavrcelebulia

muxa da rcxila, zeda zonaSi _ naZvi da soWi.

cxovelTa samyarodan gvxvdeba iremi, Sveli, arCvi, gareuli Rori,

wavi, Wreltyava, focxveri, gareuli kata, daTvi, mgeli, mela, maCvi,

kverna, dedofala, kurdReli, ciyvi, wylis memindvria, tyis Tagvi.

bevria gareuli mtredi, qedani, gvriti, yvavi, kaWkaWi, SoSia, mwyeri.

mdinareSi aris kalmaxi, wvera, murwa, xramuli.

2.1 Zeglis mdebareoba da aRwera

milsadenis zolSi aRmoCenili Zeglebi mdebareobs soflebs awyursa

da tyemlanas Soris, md. mtkvris marcxena napirze arsebul davakebaze,

zRvis donidan 950-965 metrze. erTi Zegli gamovlinda adgil

navenaxevze, meore _ misgan 300-iode metriT aRmosavleTiT, e. w.

palmeturze. es teritoria awyuridan tyemlanaSi mimavali gzis orsave

mxares mdebareobs

2.2 warsuli garemo

saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili olduvaisa da adreaSeluri periodis

paleontologiuri da paleobotanikuri masalis kvlevam didi

mniSvneloba iqonia saqarTveloSi meoTxeuli periodis

(pleistocenidan adre holocenis CaTvliT) bunebrivi garemos

formirebis procesis Sesaswavlad. mindelis epoqis dasawyisamde (0,6-0,7 milioni wlis win) dRevandeli

saqrTvelos teritoriaze iyo zomierad Tbili hava da savanis tipis

landSafti. havis mkveTr gauaresebas adgili hqonda mindelis epoqis

dasawyisSi. es movlena saqarTvelos teritoriasac Seexo, Tumca misi

samxreTuli mdebareobis gamo aciebas ar hqonia didi masStabi. amis

Semdeg iwyeba mindel-risis Tbili epoqa, romelsac dedamiwis

istoriaSi yvelaze didi _ risuli gamyinvareba cvlis. risis

gamyinvarebas enacvleba risi-viurmis gamyinvarebaTa Soriseuli


7

Tbili epoqa, romlis asaki 120-70 aTasi wlis winandeli droiTaa

gansazRvruli. daaxloebiT 70 aTasi wlis win daiwyo Zlieri acieba, ramac ganapiroba

viurmuli gamyinvareba. am gamyinvarebam didi gavlena moaxdina qvis

xanis adamianis gansaxlebaze. mkacri acivebis gamo adamiani tovebs

saSualo da maRalmTian mxareebs da maT mxolod zafxulis Tbil

sezonSi iyenebs, ZiriTadad sanadirod. am epoqaSi adamians mudmiv

sacxovreblad gamoyenebuli hqonda mxolod saqarTvelos bari. Zveli qvis xanidan axali qvis xanisaken gadasvla moxda

zedapleistocenidan holocenisaken gardamaval etapze (daaxloebiT 12

000-10 000 wlis win). am dros mkveTrad Seicvala hava, rac sagrZnob

daTbobaSi gamoixata. mezoliTSi adamiani kvlav daubrunda maRalmTian raionebs, romelic

wina, viurmuli gamyinvarebis dros miatova. aqedan moyolebuli

adamiani saqarTvelos teritoriis yvela landSaftur sartyels

iTvisebs sacxovreblad. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom gamyinvarebis

momdevno xanaSi (holocenSi) bunebriv garemos arsebiTi cvlilebebi

ar ganucdia (saqarTvelos arqeologia 1991). pleistocenuri faunisa da floris monacemebze dayrdnobiT, garkveul

donemde SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos teritoriaze paleoekologiuri

suraTis rekonstruqcia. adre pleistocenidan adre holocenamde

klimaturi pirobebi mkveTrad ar Secvlila. hava iyo zomierad

mSrali da Tbili (gabunia, vekua 1997). aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

reliefi Rrma xeobebiT danawevrebuli saSualo simaRlis mTagoriani

masivebiT xasiaTdeboda. mcenareTa namarxi naSTebis SeswavliT

dadginda, rom im drois aRmosavleT saqarTvelos baris tyeebSi

xarobda Tbili da zomierad teniani havis moyvaruli jiSebi _ muxa,

tirifi, Zelqva, verxvi, aryi, Txili da sxv. (gabunia, vekua, 1978).

namarxi ZuZumwovrebis Zvlovani masalis kvlevis Sedegad dadasturda

cxovelTa Semdegi saxeobebi: enotisebri ZaRli, afTari, focxveri,

xmalkbila vefxvi, maCvzRarba, mastadoniti, giganturi danama,

martorqa, spilo, gaSlilrqiani iremi, Sveli, rqagrexili antilopa,

urqo Zroxa, frinvelebidan _ siraqlema da sxva. (gabunia, vekua 1997).

2.3 miwis gamoyenebis istoria

meurneoba am adgilebSi istoriulad aqcentirebuli iyo marcvleulis

moyvanaze, agreTve mevenaxeobasa da mebaReobaze. odiTganve iyo

ganviTarebuli mecxoveleoba. yvela am dargis ganvaTarebis faqti

dadasturebulia arqeologiurad, amasTan, sxvadasxva qronologiur

monakveTSi. gansakuTrebiT aris aRsaniSnavi awyuris TviTnagebi

xelovnuri terasebi, romlebzedac gaSenebulia xexilis baRebi da

venaxebi.

samcxis teritoriis saerTo farTobi Seadgens 254 496 heqtars, rac

mTeli saqarTvelos 3,4%-ia. aRniSnuli farTobidan 1975 wels saxnavs

ekava 18401 ha., mravalwlian nargavebs _ 3579 ha., tyes da buCqnars _

92271 ha., saTibsa da saZovars _ 74914 ha., sakarmidamo nakveTebs - 4045

ha. danarCen farTobs soflis meurneobaSi gamouyenebeli miwebi

Seadgenda.


8

3.0 kulturuli foni

3.1 preistoriuli da istoriuli konteqsti

qveda paleoliTi (2 000 000 � 100 000 wlis win)

qveda paleoliTi geologiurad pleistocenis adreul safexurs

Seesabameba. am dros gaCnda agebulebis mxriv Tanamedrove adamiani.

gvaris Homo (Homo erectus) pirveli warmomadgenlebi cxovrobdnen mcire

jgufebad da ikvebebodnen sacxovreblis garSemo arsebuli bunebrivi

resursebiT. am periodis obieqti saqarTvelos teritoriaze

gamovlenilia dmanisSi. aq qvis inventarsa da pliocenis faunis

naSTebTan erTad mikvleulia Homo erectus-is naSTebi, romlebic

uZvelesia afrikis kontinentis gareT aRmoCenilTa Soris. isini,

iordanes velis ubdaisas obieqtTan erTad, gviCvenebs Zveli

hominidebis migraciis gzas afrikis gareT.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebobs 16 ubani, sadac aRniSnuli

periodiT an ufro gviandeli droiT daTariRebuli aSeluri tipis

qvis iaraRebis kompleqsia aRmoCenili. aqedan ori ubani mdebareobs

qveynis samxreT nawilSi milsadenis derefnis mimdebare teritoriaze.

Sua paleoliTi (100 000 � 35 000 wlis win)

es periodi emTxveva uZvelesi Homo sapiens-is, neandertaleli adamianis

warmoSobas. evropaSi da samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi adamianis

istoriis am periodis gviani etapi gamoirCeva e. w. musties qvis

iaraRebis kulturiT, romelic aSelurTan SedarebiT, ufro ukeT

damuSavebuli da ufro mravalferovani formis iaraRebiTaa

warmodgenili. iseve, rogorc CrdiloeT evropam, saqarTvelomac am

periodis ZiriTadi dro glaciur da peri-glaciur garemoSi gaatara.

saqarTveloSi musties qvis iaraRebis 75-ze meti adgilsamyofelia

gaxsnili. amaTgan Svidi napovnia samxreT saqarTveloSi, proeqtis

sivrcis ZiriTad raionSi.

zeda paleoliTi (35 000 _ 14 000 wlis win)

zeda paleoliTi Seesabameba gvian pleistocenur periods. am periodSi

qvis iaraRebis damzadebis teqnologia mkveTrad umjobesdeba.

zogierTi arqeologis varaudiT, sxvadasxva adgilebSi aRmoCenili

qvis iaraRebis gansxvavebuloba miuTiTebs am periodSi kulturulad

gansxvavebuli jgufebis arsebobaze.

varaudoben, rom am periodSi Camouyalibda adamians metyvelebis unari.

zeda paleoliTis adamianebi saqarTveloSi dakavebuli unda

yofiliyvnen jgufuri nadirobiT. isini xocavdnen irems, bizons,

gareul cxens, gareul Txas, daTvs, gamoqvabulis loms, romelTa

naSTebi didi raodenobiT aris nanaxi zeda paleoliTis ZeglebSi. ada-

miani saxlobda bunebriv gamoqvabulebSi, kldeebis RrmulebSi,

mosanadirebeli cxovelebis bilikebis maxloblad.

saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili sul cota 33 mniSvnelovani zeda paleoli-

Turi obieqtidan sami samxreT saqarTveloSia. arcerTi maTgani ar

aris milsadenis derefanSi an mis maxloblad.


9

mezoliTi (Zv. w. 12000 � 8000 wlebi)

mezoliTis periodis dasawyisi ganisazRvreba pleistocenis epoqis

dasasruliTa da holocenis dasawyisiT. ganvlilma viurmis

glaciaciam Seqmna ufro zomieri klimati, ris gamoc gaCnda SedarebiT

didi sivrceebis aTvisebis saSualeba. nadiroba cxovrebis ZiriTad

wyarod rCeboda, magram adamianma daiwyo ufro mravalferovani

msxverplis Zieba. nadirobdnen rogorc jogurad, ise gancalkevebiT

mcxovreb sxvadasxva zomis cxovelebze _ irmebze, cxenebze, cxvrebze.

ekonomikis mniSvnelovani nawili gaxda sezonuri mcenareuli

produqtebis sistematuri mopoveba. adamiani gadavida gamoqvabulis

sivrcidan Ria sivrceebis dakavebaze. es erTnairad xdeboda

saqarTveloSi, mTels evropaSi da samxreT-dasavleT aziaSi. am

periodis gansakuTrebuli Taviseburebaa iaraRis masalis da iaraRis

nairsaxeobebis mkveTri gamravalferovneba. mikroliTebi (kaJis da

obsidianis saWrelebi) da gaprialebuli samtvrevi qvebi, romlebic

mcenareebis dasamuSaveblad gamoiyeneboda, am periodSi Cveulebrivi

movlenaa. qvis sawafebi da harpunebi miuTiTebs TevzWeris

popularobaze. zeda paleoliTis sazogadoebidan mezoliTis

sazogadoebaze gadasvla martivad ganixileba rogorc holocenis

zomieri garemoTi ganpirobebul mravalferovan da ufro

xelmisawvdom resursebTan Seguebis procesi. saqarTveloSi mezoliTis

12 mniSvnelovani obieqtia cnobili. aqedan arcerTi ar aris

milsadenis derefnis siaxloves.

neoliTi/eneoliTi (Zv. w. 8000 � 4000 wlebi)

neoliTuri periodis dasawyisi cnobilia, rogorc revoluciuri,

ramdenadac am dros moxda mkveTri Zvrebi adamianis ekonomikur

cxovrebaSi. adamianma daiwyo nadirobidan da Semgroveblobidan

cxovelebis da mcenareebis moSenebaze gadasvla da xeli mihyo

miwaTmoqmedebas da mesaqonleobas. amavdroulad daiwyo meTuneoba

dagrovebuli mcenareuli sakvebis Sesanaxad da mosamzadeblad.

farTod dainerga iseTi qvis iaraRebi, rogoricaa xelculi, waldi,

namglis CasarTebi, sasres-safqvavebi da Toxi, romlebic miwis

gasasufTaveblad da gasafxviereblad ixmareboda.

paleoliTis da mezoliTis periodebisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos

neoliTur arqeologiur kompleqsebSi ZiriTad naSTebs meTuneobis

produqciis (sakvebis mosamzadebeli da Sesanaxi WurWlis) namsxvrevebi

warmoadgens, rac sakvebis damzadebis da Senaxvis did mniSvnelobaze

metyvelebs.

pirveli gancalkevebuli neoliTuri saxlebi saqarTvelos

teritoriaze Sedgeboda erTmaneTSi gamavali mrgvali an elifsuri

oTaxebisagan. maT aliziT aSenebdnen da, savaraudod, xis ZelebiT

amagrebdnen; xuravdnen xis totebiT da SlamiT. dasaxlebis

organizaciis magaliTia imiris goris ubani qvemo qarTlSi.

Zv. w. VI-V aTaswleulebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze

Camoyalibebulia maRalganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedebis kultura.

dadasturebulia sxvadasxva jiSis xorbleulis, qeris, fetvis, Svriis,

agreTve parkosnebis (muxudo, ospi), nesvis, mJaunas da sxvaTa naSTebi.


10

aRmoCenili yurZnis wipwebi miCneulia kulturul vazze gardamaval

formad. dadasturebulia martivi sairigacio sistemis gamoyenebac.

saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 60 neoliTuri Zeglia cnobili.

umravlesoba dasavleT saqarTveloSia, Tumca maTi koncentracia

aRiniSneba qveynis samxreT mxareebSic. gviani neoliTis (eneoliTis)

erTi Zegli mdebareobs proeqtis mimdebare teritoriaze axalcixis

raionSi.

awyuris irgvliv 10 km-is radiusSi adreuli, kerZod paleoliTisa da

neoliTis Zeglebi jerjerobiT ar Cans. arsebuli monacemebiT es teri-

toria aTvisebulia eneoliTis xanaSi (zogadad Zv. w. 4000-3500 ww.),

razec miuTiTebs SemTxveviT aRmoCenili kaJis lamelebi da obsidianis

anatkecebi milsadenis trasaze taZrisTan, agreTve Tiselis nasoflar-

ze aRmoCenili kaJis namglis CasarTi. kaJi am regionSi ar gvxvdeba.

qvis es jiSi aq dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriidan Cans Semotanili,

nedleulisa Tu mza nawarmis saxiT, rac mowmobs samxreT da dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas Soris garkveuli kavSirebis arsebobas.

kaJis namglis CasarTis aRmoCena adasturebs, rom eneoliTidan

moyolebuli am midamoebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis sameurneo

saqmianobis erT-erT dargs miwaTmoqmedeba, kerZod marcvleulis

moyvana Seadgenda.

brinjaos xana (Zv. w. 4000 � 800 wlebi)

brinjaos xanis kulturam evropaSi, xmelTaSuazRvispireTSi da aziis

samxreT-dasavleTSi Seqmna sazogadoebis axali tipi, romelic

damyarebuli iyo mesaqonleobasa da miwaTmoqmedebaze, meTuneobisa da

bunebrivi liTonis damuSavebis teqnikur ganviTarebaze. es iyo pirveli

stratificirebuli sazogadoeba, romelic imarTeboda samxedro da

sasuliero elitis mier. maT maRal socialur statuss asaxavs

Zvirfasi qvebis, Zvirfasi liTonebisa da brinjaosagan ostaturad

nakeTi samkaulebi.

brinjaos xana iyofa adre, Sua da gvianbrinjaos periodebad.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze am epoqis uadresi kulturaa mtkvar-araqsis

kultura (Zv. w. 3500-2500 wlebi). is xasiaTdeba alizis, qvis an

Tixalesili sar-lastis nagebobebiT, maRalganviTarebuli sameTuneo,

metalurgiuli saqmianobiT da amave dros ganviTarebuli

miwaTmoqmedebiT da mesaqonleobiT. am kulturis naSTebi

koncentrirebulia samxreT saqarTvelos centralur nawilSi. is aseve

vrceldeboda Tanamedrove somxeTis, azerbaijanisa da aRmosavleT

TurqeTis teritoriaze da ufro samxreTiTac, siria-palestinamde.

awyuris maxloblad, milsadenis 202-e km-ze, 2005 wels gamovlinda

adreuli brinjaos xanis namosaxlari, romelic mtkvar-araqsis

kulturas ganekuTvneba. Zeglze aRmoCenili artefaqtebis mixedviT,

mosaxleobis ZiriTadi saqmianoba miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleoba

yofila..

mtkvar-araqsis kulturas cvlis adreyorRanuli kultura, romelSic

ori etapi gamoiyofa: martyofuli da bedenuri. mecnierebis garkveuli

jgufi adreyorRanul kulturas adrebrinjaos xnas miakuTvnebs,

nawili ki _ Suabrinjaos.


11

Suabrinjaos xanaSi gavrcelebulia e. w. TrialeTis kultura (Zv. w.

2500-1500 wlebi). misi gavlena vrceldeboda dRevandeli saqarTvelos

sazRvrebs gareTac, samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT. kulturis

saxelwodeba modis TrialeTis platodan (samxreT-centraluri

saqarTvelos teritoria, romelsac kveTs milsadenis derefani), sadac

1930-ian wlebSi pirvelad iqna Seswavlili TrialeTuri yorRanebi.

TrialeTis kultura xasiaTdeba didi zomis yorRanuli samarxebiT,

brwyinvale sameTuneo nawarmiT, brinjaos metalurgiiTa da

saiuveliro xelovnebiT. sadReisod TrialeTis kultura Seswavlilia

mxolod samarxeuli kompleqsebis meSveobiT. am kulturis matarebeli

sazogadoebis namosaxlarebi jerjerobiT ucnobia.

awyuris midamoebSi gamovlenilia Sua brinjaos xanis Zeglebi,

romelTac analogiebi moepoveba TrialeTur masalaSi. garkveuli

paralelebi qarTlsa (xaSuris raioni) da kaxeTSic (dedofliswyaros

raioni) aRiniSneba. TviT awyuris teritoriaze aRmoCenili uZvelesi

naSTebi Suabrinjaos xanis miwuruls ganekuTvneba. es aris

qvayriliani samarxi, romelic 2001 wels gaiTxara warmarTuli

naqalaqaris centralur nawilSi.

gviani brinjaos xanaSi swrafad mimdinareobs samxreTqarTveluri

tomebis konsolidaciis procesi, romlis gamoxatulebac iyo

monaTesave tomebis arealSi vrceli teritoriis momcveli

erTgvarovani kulturis Camoyalibeba. dasavleT saqarTveloSi gviani

brinjaos xanaSi viTardeba kolxuri kultura. Zv w XIII-XII saukuneebSi

maT safuZvelze Seiqmna didi winasaxelmwifoebrivi gaerTianebebi _

diaoxi (istoriuli saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT mxare, axla

TurqeTSia) da kolxa (dasavleT saqarTvelo).

rkinis xana/klasikuri periodi (Zv. w. 800-500 wlebi)

Zv. w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisSi brinjaos damuSavebidan rkinis

metalurgiaze gadasvlam mniSvnelovani Zvrebi gamoiwvia ekonomikis

ganviTarebaSi da sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi rkinis warmoebis uZvelesi kera iyo rkinis

madnebiT mdidari qvemo qarTli. rkinis xanis Zeglebi gamovlenilia

walkisa da borjomis raionebSic.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi rkinis warmoebis centrebi dadasturebulia

rogorc SavizRvispireTSi, ise Sida regionebSi, saidanac farTod

xdeboda rkinis madnis eqsportireba berZnul polisebSi.

samcxis regionis am periodis Zeglebze kolxuri inventaria

gabatonebuli da es mxare kolxuri (dasavleT saqarTvelo) kulturis

gavrcelebis arealSi eqceva.

klasikuri periodi (Zv. w. 500-325 wlebi)

aRmosavleT saqarTvelo am periodSi aqemeniduri sparseTis Zlieri

politikuri da kulturuli gavlenis qveS imyofeboda. am gavlenas

adasturebs axalgoris ganZi da cixiagoraze mopovebuli

arqeologiuri masala. amave dros mimdinareobda calkeul tomTa

konsolidaciis procesi, romelSic wamyvani roli mesxur tomebs

ekuTvnodaT.

am periodTan asocirdeba mtkvris xeobaSi samcxis pirveli qalaqebi

oZrxe, wunda, Tmogvi.


12

elinisturi xana (Zv. w. 325-65 wlebi)

aleqsandre makedonels saqarTveloSi ar ulaSqria, magram elinistur

samyarosTan politikurma, savaWro-ekonomikurma da kulturulma

kontaqtebma qveynis ganviTarebaze didi gavlena iqonia.

elinistur xanaSi saqarTveloze gadioda erT-erTi savaWro-

satranzito magistrali, romlis meSveobiTac qveyanaSi vrceldeboda

berZnuli saqoneli (keramika, torevtika, gliptika da sxva). dainerga

elinisturi samoneto sistema: kolxeTSi Wridnen lisimaqes, xolo

iberiaSi aleqsandres staterebis oqros minabaZebs.

elinistur xanaSi aRiniSneba urbanizaciis procesis gaZliereba da

qalaqebis dawinaureba. am periods emTxveva iberiis dedaqalaq

mcxeTisa da kolxeTis mTavari sataZro qalaqis _ vanis aRmavloba.

farTod gavrcelda elinisturi samSeneblo wesebi. elinisturi

gavlena daetyo xelosnobis zogierT dargsac _ magaliTad, safeiqro

warmoebaSi dainerga vertikaluri saqsovi dazga. gavrcelda berZnul-

elinisturi religiuri kultebi (gansakuTrebiT farTod _ dionisesi).

da rwmena-warmodgenebi, rac dakrZalvis wesebSic aisaxa _ magaliTad,

samarxSi monetis Cataneba qaronisaTvis misacemad.

am periods emTxveva awyuris dawinaureba da regionis urbanul

centrad qceva. awyuris naqalaqaris teritoriaze gamovlenilia qvis

arqiteqtura, romelSic dagegmarebis mixedviT ori tipis Senobebi

gamoiyofa: wriuli da oTxkuTxa. funqciis mixedviT gamijnulia

sacxovrebeli da sakulto Zeglebi. gamovlenili arqeologiuri

masala dawinaurebuli saqalaqo cxovrebis maniSnebelia. aq

koncentrirebulia samxreT kavkasiis Sida raionebisaTvis unikaluri

berZnuli importis koleqcia, romelSic Tavmoyrilia arqauli,

klasikuri da elinisturi xanis keramikuli nawarmi (Zv. w. VI-II

saukuneebi). samarxeuli masaliT dasturdeba, rom ukve Zv. w. IV

saukunis miwurulidan awyuri is dasaxlebaa, sadac regionis

mmarTveli fena cxovrobs, romelic socialurad da ekonomikurad

dawinaurebulia.

awyuris naqalaqaris gaTxrebiT mopovebul masalas analogiebi

eZebneba qarTlis elinisturi xanis Zeglebze (cixia-gora, samdlo,

ufliscixe da sxva).

romauli xana

Zv. w. 65 wels romaelma mxedarTmTavarma pompeusma kavkasiaSi ilaSqra

da sxva qveynebTan erTad daimorCila iberia da kolxeTic.

romauli kulturis da cxovrebis wesis gavleniT saqarTvelos

qalaqebSi Cndeba wyalgayvanilobiT aRWurvili abanoebi (armazisxevi,

bagineTi, urbnisi, Zalisa, biWvinTa, SuxuTi. ukanasknel samSi

gamovlenilia mozaikuri iatakebis naSTebi).

romaul xanaSi mniSvnelovan punqtad rCeboda awyuri. qarTuli

saistorio tradiciis Tanaxmad, I saukuneSi awyurSi iqadaga

qristianoba ieso qristes erT-erTma mowafem andria pirvelwodebulma.


13

saeklesio tradiciis mixedviT, wm. andria mociqulma awyurSi datova

RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati da TviTon waremarTa skviTeTSi. am

xanidan awyuri iqca RvTismSoblis xatis adgilsamyofelad. xati

araerTxel gaitaces samcxidan, magram yovelTvis ukan abrunebdnen,

sanam 1553 wels imereTis mefe bagrat III-m Cxars ar gadaasvena. amis

Semdgom igi awyurs aRar dabrunebia.

adreuli Sua saukuneebi (IV-X saukuneebi)

saqarTveloSi Sua saukuneebis periodis dasawyisad miRebulia

qarTlis qristianobaze moqcevis weli _ 326 an 337. qristianobis

damkvidreba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ukavSirdeba wm. ninos.

V-VI saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi Tavisi gavlenis dasamyareblad

ibrZodnen bizantiis imperia da sasaniduri irani.

627 wels qarTlze ilaSqra bizantiis imperatorma heraklem. `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ cnobiT, man aq ramdenime eklesia aaSena da maT Soris

awyuris kaTedralic. wm. grigol xanZTelis TaosnobiT am mxareSi

gaSlil did samonastro moZraobas kulturis mZlavri ganviTareba

mohyva.

X saukunis II naxevarsa da XI saukunis dasawyisSi aRiniSneba

arqiteqturisa da xelovnebis araCveulebrivi aRmavloba. am periodis

SesaniSnavi Zeglia awyuris kaTedrali _ erT-erTi udidesi saeklesio

nageboba saqarTveloSi. kaTedralma nangrevebis saxiT moatana Cvens

dromde. mis teritoriaze gaiTxara ori ufro adrindeli nageboba:

mcire eklesia da monumenturi karibWe. eklesiis SuaSi, iatakSi

Casmuli iyo Tokiseburi sartylebiT ornamentirebuli qvevri. aseTive

qvevrebi gamovlinda eklesiaze aRmosavleTidan miSenebul maranSi. maT

mixedviT eklesia SeiZleba adreuli Sua saukuneebiT daTariRdes.

taZarTan axlos, mtkvris piras mdebareobs awyuris cixe, romelic

werilobiT wyaroebSi XI saukuneSi moixsenieba, Tumca bevrad adre

unda iyos daarsebuli.

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebi (XI-XV saukuneebi)

awyuris midamoebSi SemorCenili ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis

ZeglTagan aRsaniSnavia XIV saukunis dasawyisis gumbaTiani taZari

sofeli Tiselis samxreTiT, xeobaSi (beriZe 1955, kldiaSvili 1986).

taZris aRmosavleTiT, kldis qimze cixis nangrevebia. taZridan

ramdenadme samxreTiT, mdinaris marcxena mxares monasteria. misi

erTnaviani eklesiis kedlebze. SemorCenili kedlis mxatvrobis kvali.

Tiselis maxloblad, milasadenis 205-e km.ze 2004-2005 wlebSi gaiTxara

XIV-XVI saukuneebis nasoflaris nawili.

gviani Sua saukuneebi (XVI-XVIII saukuneebi)

gviani Sua saukuneebi saqarTveloSi Rrma politikuri, ekonomikuri da

kulturuli krizisis periodia. samefo-samTavroebad daSlili qveyana

gareSe mtrebs ver umklavdeboda. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTli da

kaxeTi ZiriTadad irans eqvemdebareboda. dasavleT saqarTvelo

osmaleTis gavlenis qveS iyo. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo (samcxe-

saaTabago) osmaleTma 1570-ian wlebSi pirdapir miierTa. 1628 wels aq

axalcixis safaSo Camoyalibda. erekle II-s mier qarTlisa da kaxeTis


14

gaerTianebas da ramdenime warmatebul oms 1795 wels iranelTa

gamanadgurebeli Semoseva mohyva.

awyuri XVI saukunis II naxevridan samcxe-saaTabagosTan erTad

osmaleTis nawili gaxda. is axalcixis livis (provinciis) erT-erTi

nahies (ufro wvrili administraciuli erTeulis) centrad iqca.

osmalTa batonobis periodSi es iyo patara qalaqi Tavisi cixiT,

romelSic ianiCarTa garnizoni idga. qalaqSi qarTvelebTan erTad

somxebi da ebraelebic cxovrobdnen. mosaxleobis zedafena ukve XVII

saukunisTvis gamuslimebuli iyo. cixesTan mtkvarze gadebuli yofila

xidi (qarTlis cxovreba IV, 1973).

osmalTa batonobis periodSi samcxe kvlav mWidrod Cans

dasaxlebuli. amas mowmobs milsadenis 201-e km-ze taZrisTan

gamovlenili XVII-XVIII saukuneebis nasaxlaris nawili (ramiSvili,

mindoraSvili 2005).

axali dro (XIX-XX saukuneebi)

iranelTa 1795 wlis Semosevam qveyana katastrofis piras miiyvana. amiT

isargebla ruseTis imperiam da 1801 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefo

daipyro. 1810 wels igive bedi ewia imereTis samefos da Semdeg

guriis, samegrelosa da afxazeTis samTavroebsac. 1828 wels

osmaleTTan mogebuli omis Semdeg ruseTma miierTa samcxe-javaxeTi,

xolo 1878 wels _ aWara da SavSeT-klarjeTi. ruseTis gziT

saqarTveloSi Semovida evropuli kultura da cxovrebis wesi.

1918 wels, ruseTis revoluciebis Semdeg saqarTvelom damoukidebloba

moipova. samcxeSi muslimma separatastebma TurqeTis waqezebiT scades

calke saxelmwifo SeeqmnaT, magram saqarTvelos demokratiulma

resublikam warmatebiT aRkveTa es mcdeloba. 1921 wels bolSevikurma

ruseTma kvlav daipyro saqarTvelo da sabWoTa socialistur

respublikad aqcia.

1945 wels sabWoTa xelisuflebam nacisturi germaniisadmi simpaTiebis

braldebiT samcxidan gaasaxla mTeli muslimuri mosaxleoba (e. w.

Turqi mesxebi). maTi udidesi nawili axlac saqarTvelos gareT

cxovrobs.

1991 wels kvlav aRdga saqarTvelos damoukidebloba.


15

3.2. warsulSi Catarebuli kvlevis mimoxilva

1988 wels Camoyalibda eqspedicia (xelmZRvaneli v. liCeli), romelmac

awyursa da mis midamoebSi daiwyo arqeologiuri kvleva-Zieba.

samuSaoebi mimdinareobda or ZiriTad monakveTze: warmarTul

naqalaqarze (mtkvris marcxena napiri) da kaTedraluri taZris

teritoriaze (mtkvris marjvena napiri). dResdReobiT gamovlenilia:

Zeglis tipi

mdebareoba

periodi

Catarebuli

kvlevis

TariRi

qvayriliani

samarxi

naqalaqaris

centraluri nawili

Suabrinjaos

xanis bolo

2001

sacxovrebeli

da sakulto

nagebobebi

naqalaqaris

centraluri nawili

klasikuri da

elinisturi xana

2004-2005

samarxebi naqalaqaris

centraluri nawili

klasikuri da

elinisturi xana

2004-2005

mcire eklesia

da Zveli

taZris karibWe

kaTedraluri

taZris teritoria

adreuli Sua

saukuneebi

2002-2003


16

4.0. meTodologia

4.1 savele meTodebi

savele samuSaoebis dros gakeTda 21 sxvadasxva zomisa da siRrmis

Txrili. dakvadratebul TxrilebSi fenebis aReba moxda standartuli

wesiT: steriluri fenebi niCbiT moixsna da Semdeg moxda kulturuli

fenebis preparacia, TanmimdevrobiT, fenebis simZlavris Sesabamisad.

nagebobebis gamoCenis Semdeg iwmindeboda maTi perimetri da Semdgom,

ukve dadgenili stratigrafiis mixedviT, xdeboda interieris gawmenda.

masalis fiqsacia xdeboda yvela fenisa da kvadratis Sesabamisad.

gaTxrebis mimdinareobis yvela etapze tardeboda foto da grafikuli

fiqsacia. xdeboda ara mxolod gegmebis, aramed fasadebisa da

kvanZebis fiqsaciac. yvela naxazi gakeTebulia krokebis saxiT.

gamovlenili sawnaxelebidan da TaRarebidan aRebulia sinjebi.

arqeologiuri masala velze irCeoda da lagdeboda kvadratebisa da

nagebobebis mixedviT. yvela SefuTvas ukeTdeboda calke etiketi.

masala mTlianadaa Camotanili TbilisSi statistikuri analizisaTvis.

sacdeli Txrilebis gaWris dros gaTvaliswinebuli iyo reliefi da

keramikuli fragmentebis, aseve qvebis koncentracia. Sesabamisad,

Txrilebi erTmaneTs sxvadasxva manZiliT iyo daSorebuli.

dRiurebSi yvela artefaqti dafiqsirebulia nulovani wertilidan.

4.2 laboratoriuli meTodebi

laboratoriuli samuSaoebis dros masala mTlianad gaiSala,

gairecxa, gamoecvala savele etiketebi, romlebic rig

SemTxvevaSiSesanaxad gamousadegari iyo.

masala mTlianad gatarda davTarSi da amis Semdeg momzadda foto

fiqsaciisaTvis. igi gadaRebuli iqna or jgufad:

1. tipologiuri erTgvarobis mixedviT, qronologiuri qvejgufebis

gamoyofiT;

2. aRmoCenis adgilis anu kompleqsebis mixedviT.

I etapis analizisaTvis saxelmZRvanelo ar yofila gamoyenebuli.

nivTebi (keramika) gaiwminda wyliTa da rbili jagrisiT. nivTebi

gaSra haerze. etiketze miTiTebulia: aRmoCenis TariRi da adgili,

Zeglis nomeri, KP, Txrili, kvadrati, fena.

etiketis nimuSi: vercxlis moneta

25. XI. 2005

awyuri, palmeturis baRebi

KP 211+700 Txrili #21, E

10

Txrilis CrdiloeT kedelTan, ZirSi.

laboratoriuli samuSaoebi aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros

aRmoCenili marnebis ekonomikuri mniSvneloba meRvineobis istoriis

konteqstSi.


17

5.0 Sedegebi

5.1 ZiriTadi monacemebis mimoxilva

2005 wels BTC navTobsadenis 211-e da 212-e kilometrebze Catarebulma

arqeologiurma gaTxrebma moicva 514 m2-mde farTobi. gaTxrili miwis

saerTo moculobam Seadgina 523 m3. gakeTda 21 sxvadasxva zomis

Txrili. saerTo suraTi asaxulia qvemoTmotanil cxrilSi:

Txrilis # sigrZe (m) sigane (m) siRrme (m) farTobi (m2) moculoba (m3)

Txrili #01 8.5 1.3 1.2 11.05 13.26

Txrili #02 4.5 1.45 0.6 6.525 3.915

Txrili #03 4.8 1.2 0.4 5.76 2.304

Txrili #04 6 1.3 0.7 7.8 5.46

Txrili #05 7 1.2 1.45 8.4 12.18

Txrili #06 3.25 1.5 1.5 4.87 7.3125

Txrili #07 17 3 1.2 51 61.2

Txrili #08 3 3 1.2 9 10.8

Txrili #09 15.3 9.5 0.4 145.35 58.14

Txrili #10 5.75 1.25 1.4 7.18 10.06

Txrili #11 5 1.9 1 9.5 9.5

Txrili #12 7 5 1.5 35 52.5

Txrili #13 7 1.25 0.95 8.75 8.3125

Txrili #14 3.7 1.1 0.7 4.07 2.849

Txrili #15 5.65 1.25 0.95 7.06 6.70

Txrili #16 9.7 3.7 0.4 35.89 14.35

Txrili #17 3.6 1.5 0.75 5.4 4.05

Txrili #18 4 1.3 0.75 5.2 3.09

Txrili #19 1.5 1 0.6 1.5 0.9

Txrili #20 8 6 1.5 48 72

Txrili #21 16 6 1.7 96 163.2

sul 513.32 522.91

yvela Txrili mdebareobs energoderefnis farglebSi KP 211+700 da KP 212+500 Soris.

gaiTxara 4 marnis naSTebi (#9, 12, 20, 21 Txrilebi). amaTgan #12

TxrilSi aSkarad gamoikveTa ori saaRmSeneblo done: 1. rodesac

aSenda es marani (XV-XVI ss) xolo 2. rodesac moxda misi

mniSvnelovani gadakeTeba (XVII-XVIII ss). #20 da #21 TxrilebSi

gamovlenili marnebis qveda fenebSi dadasturda SedarebiT arqauli

(antikuri?) nagebobebis naSTebi, dazianebuli gviandeli marnebis

mSenebelTa mier.

marnebSi, garda qviTkiris sawnaxlebisa, dadasturda WaWis gamosawuri

nageboba ("saqajavi") da qviTkirisave TaRarebi, romelSic xdeboda

yurZnis wvenis mogroveba. sayuradReboa, rom marnebSi ar dadasturda


18

qvevrebi Rvinis dasaduReblad da Sesanaxad, rac garkveuli daskvnebis

gamotanis SesaZleblobas iZleva (ix. interpretaciis monakveTi).

#9 TxrilSi gamovlenili marnis erT kuTxeSi dadsasturda mcire

zomis saritualo Torne da kera, rac Cveni azriT winaqristianuli

(warmarTuli) rwmena-warmodgenebis gadmonaSTs unda warmoadgendes

(ix. interpretacia).

kulturul fenebSi aRmoCenilia mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri masala.

sul gamovlenili iqna 449 artefaqti. daniSnulebisa da da masalis

mixedviT isini Semdegnairad SeiZleba dajgufdes:

keramika liToni qva mina Zvali sul

ritualuri 3 1 1 5

arqiteqturuli 30 7 37

piradi 6 4

sameurneo 19

samzareulo/sufris 349 1 4

daudgeneli 2 19 3

sul 384 52 8 4 1 449

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, mopovebuli masalis ZiriTad nawils keramika

Seadgens. masSi gamoiyofa ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis nawarmi.

esenia moWiquli da mouWiqavi jamebi, faqizad damuSavebuli da

moxatuli sasufre xeladebi, doqebi, samzareulo keramika,

sadRveblis, qoTnebisa da qilebis fragmentebi da sxv. sayuradRebo da

mniSvnelovania calkeul SemTxvevebSi monetebis aRmoCena, rac myar

safuZvels gviqmnis Sesabamisi kulturuli fenebis zusti

daTariRebisaTvis.

5. 2 Zeglebi

Txrili #1

mdebareobs KP 212-e niSnulze, zomebi 10X2 m. sigrZivi RerZiT

mimarTulia aRm-dan das-ken. CavediT 1,5 m siRrmeze. uZravi kulturuli

fena an raime nagebobis naSTi ar dadasturda. naZrav fenebSi,

sxvadasxva siRrmeze aRmoCnda rkinis lursmani (#1), moWiquli jamebis

Zir-qusli (#2) da kalTis fragmenti (#4), moCalisfro Txelkedliani

sasmisis natexi (#3) da qvevris gverdis nawili (#5). mTeli es masala

ganviTarebuli SuasaukuneebiT TariRdeba da aq moxvedrili unda iyos

miwis samuSaoebis Sedegad sxvadasxva dros.

Txrili #2

gavWeriT KP 212-e niSnulze #1 Txrilidan aRm-iT 60 m-is daSorebiT.

zomebi 10X2 m. miwa aqac naZravia, CavediT 0,6 m. siRrmeze. uZravi

kulturuli fena, an raime konstruqciis naSTi ar dadasturebula.

naZravi miwis fenaSi aRmoCnda moCalisfro xeladis fragmenti (#6),

qilis natexi #7 da minis samajuris nawili (#8). es masalac

ganviTarebul Suasaukuneebs unda ekuTvnodes.


19

Txrili #3

gavWeriT #2 TxrilTan 100 m. moSorebiT aRm-iT. zomebi 10X1 m. aqac

igive suraTia, rac #1 da #2 TxrilebSi. CavediT 1,8 m siRrmeze.

naZravi miwis fenaSi sxvadasxva siRrmeze aRmoCnda: wyalsadenis Tixis

milis fragmenti (#9), rkinis wida (#9), moCalisfro Txelkedliani

Tixis sasmisis natexi (#10), qvevris gverdis fragmenti (#11), qvevris

(#11), qoTnis (#216) da minis samajuris natexebi, agreTve faiansis

fragmenti (#204).

Txrili #4

gaiWra #1 da #4 Txrilebs Soris, zomiT 8X1-ze. siRrme 0,8 m.

sayuradRebo araferi gamoCenila. naZravi miwis fenebi arqeologiuri

masalis gareSea.

Txrili #5

mdebareobs #1 Txrilis aRm-iT 2 m-is daSorebiT. zomebi: 6X1 m. siRrme

0,8 m. sayuradRebo araferi gamoCenila.

Txrili #6

mdebareobs #5 Txrilis aRm-iT 1 m. moSorebiT. zomebi 20X1 m-ze.

Txrili gaiWra buldozer-eqskavatoris daxmarebiT, am teritoriis

dazvervis mizniT CavediT 0,8 m siRrmeze. sayuradRebo araferi

gamoCenila.

Txrili #7

mdebareobs KP 211+750 - niSnulze. es sadazvervo Txrili CavWeriT

buldozer-eqskavatoris daxmarebiT. zomebi 4X1 m. siRrme 2,5 m. Txrili

sigrZivi RerZiT mimarTulia samx-dan Crd-sken. Crd. boloSi Tavi iCina

aRm-dan das-ken mimarTuli talaxze nagebi qvis kedlebis (yoreebis)

naSTebma. gavagrZeleT Txrili am mimarTulebiT 2 m-iT. am kedlebis Tu

yoreebis doneze aRmoCnda rkinis wida (#14), qvevris (#15, 21), jamis

(#16, 17), qoTnis (#18, 20) da moCalisfrod gamomwvari Tixis fialis

(#19) fragmentebi. es masala gviani SuasaukuneebiT unda daTariRdes.

gavafarToveT Txrili samx-is mimarTulebiT 2 m-iT. gamoCnda meore

rigi yore-kedlisa pirvelis paralelurad. maT Soris farTobi

Sevsebulia wvrili natexi qviT. iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, sagangebod

mokirwyluli gzis naSTia.

Txrili #8

#7 Txrilidan C/aRm-iT gavWeriT #8 sadazvervo Txrili zomiT 4X2 m.

zeda fenaSi, meore baris pirze aRmoCnda ganviTarebuli

SuasaukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mwvaned moWiquli jamis kalTis

natexi (#24). rogorc Cans ferdobis zeda nawilidan aris aq

moxvedrili. 1,5 m. siRrmeze gamoCnda #7 TxrilSi gamovlenili natexi

qviT mogebuli nagzauris gagrZeleba. arqeologiuri masala ar Cans.

Txrili #9 (tab. # 3,5)

metad sayuradRebo Sedegebi mogvca #9 Txrilma, KP 212+350 niSnulze. Tavdapirvelad am Txrilis farTobi iyo 10X2 m., magram ori

barispiris aRebis Semdeg, rodesac Tavi iCina qvayrilma da

keramikulma masalam, gavafarToveT Txrili yvela mimarTulebiT,

saiTac vrceldeboda kulturuli naSTebi. daaxloebiT 0,5-0,8 m.

siRrmeze F5-G5 kvadr. zonaSi gamovlinda 10 m. sigrZisa la 3-3,5 m.

siganis zoli, mimarTuli aRm-dan das-sken, mogebuli natexi qviT da

kideebze Semagrebul talaxze nagebi qvis calpiri wyobiT. aSkaraa,


20

rom Tavis droze aq gza gadioda. isedac aSkaraa, rom aqauri niadagis

specifikidan gamomdinare, aseTi xelovnuri konstruqciis gereSe,

wvimebis sezonze SeuZlebeli iqneboda saWapano transportis

gadaadgileba. am nagzaurze, iseve, rogorc irgvliv mimdebare

farTobze, Seqmnilia daax. 0,8-1 m. sisqis danaleqi miwis fena. es fena

unda Seqmniliyo am gzis gauqmebis Semdeg aRm-iT, sof. tyemlanas

mimdebare ferdobebis Camorecxvis Sedegad. sayuradReboa, rom am

danaleqi miwis qveda fenaSi (0,5-0,8 m.) mravlad Cndeba ganviTarebuli

SuasaukuneebisaTvis (XI-XIII ss) damaxasiaTebeli moWiquli jamebis

(#50, 51, 54, 55, 70, 82, 83, 103), kramitebis (#61, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81) Tu sxva

Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi. am TariRis damatebiT adasturebs F6

kvadratSi igive fenaSi aRmoCenili XII s. II naxevris seljukuri

spilenZis dirhemi (#409) (Пахомов 1910: gv. 6-7. kapanaZe 1969: gv. 71-74). E 5-D 5 kvadratebis zonaSi, 1-1,2 m. siRrmeze gamovlinda marnis naSTebi.

marani Zlieraa dazianebuli. SemorCenilia talaxze qviT nagebi

kedlebis qveda nawilebi da ori qviTkiris sawnaxeli qviTkirisave

TaRarebiT. rogorc kedlebi, aseve sawnaxlebi nagebia sxvadasxva

zomis (0,26X0,20X0,20 m; 0,17X0,18X0,10 m) daumuSavebeli qvebiT.

Sesasvleli kari aqvs s/d kedelSi, saidanac interierSi eSveba

samsafexuriani qvis kibe. qvis safexurebze SemorCenili iyo xis

gaTlili Zelebis naSTebi. rogorc Cans, Tavis droze am ZelebiT

sagangebod iyo mowyobili safexurebi.

rogorc Cans, marani nawilobriv gruntSi winaswar amoRebul qvabulSi

iyo Cadgmuli. marans miwuri, Tixatkepnili iataki hqonia. masSi

gamovlinda Semdegi ZiriTadi konstruqciebi:

sawnaxlebi; maranSi ori sawnaxeli yofila. erTi miSenebulia C/aRm.

kuTxeSi (zomebi 2,7 X daaxl. 1 m), xolo meore s/aRm. kedelze (zomebi:

2,7X1 m). orive sawnaxels SerCenili aqvs qvitkiris TiTo TaRari,

romlebTanac dakavSirebuli yofilan kedelSi datanebuli xvreliT.

meore sawnaxlis TaRars das. mxridan miwaSi Cadgmuli hqonia Tixis

raRac WurWeli (SesaZloa mcire zomis qvevri "qoco"), romelSic

gadanawildeboda yurZnis Warbi wveni. pirveli sawnaxlis aRm. boloSi

SemorCenilia duRabis fena, romelic viwro RariT dakavSirebulia

TaRarTan. aSkaraa, rom aq qviTkiris saqajavi yofila mowyobili,

romlidanac WaWis wveni Caedineboda sawnaxlis TaRarSi.

sakurTxeveli (tab. 5,10): maranSi Casasvleli kibis marjvniv, miwur

iatakSi amokveTil marTkuTxa ormoSi gamarTuli iyo qvis Txeli

filebisagan Sekruli "qvayuTi", romelic erTi SexedviT samarxs gavda

(zomebi: 0,7X0,4 m.). gawmendis Semdeg, raki aq samarxi ar aRmoCnda,

gaCnda varaudi, rom es unda iyos miwisqveSa sakurTxeveli -

qristianobamdeli xanis warmarTuli religiis gadmonaSTi.

ritualuri Rumelebi: (tab. 10): marnis C/d kedlis s/d bolosTan

mowyobili iyo Taviseburi "saritualo kuTxe" - kera da mcire zomis

Torne. kera dazianebulia. SemorCenilia TixiT molesili fskeri da

TixiT amoSenebuli TaRovani "konqis" naSTi, savse nacriT. iqve

dadasturda am "konqis" TaRis wina nawili, Semkuli naCxvletebiT.

keris gverdiT mcire zomis Tornea iatakSi Rrmad Cadgmuli (zomebi:

0,20-0,25 m.) Torne savse iyo nacriTa da naxSiriT. masSi aRmoCnda

mouWiqavi jami Sedrekili, kopiani ZiriT, damaxasiaTebeli XIV-XV ss-

is qarTuli keramikisaTvis. Tornis ukan, kedelTan talaxze qvebiT


21

amoSenebuli da TixiT molesili mcire (0,30X0,20 m) Taroa, romelzec

albaT es jami idga Tavis droze. meore aseve TixiT molesili Taro

(TaxCa) gamarTuli yofila pirvelis gverdiT, saritualo keris ukan,

kedelSi. am adgilze qva Tavidanve ar yofila. aSkaraa, rom

mSeneblobis drosve dautovebiaT kedelSi sicariele da TixiT

gamoulesavT. keris specifikuri formis garda, am kuTxis ritualur

daniSnulebaze migvaniSnebs Tornis simcirec. is praqtikuli

daniSnulebisaTvis aSkarad gamousadegaria. masSi mxolod mcire zomis

saritualo kverebis gamocxoba iqneboda SesaZlebeli.

winkari: marnis karebis win, garedan, gamarTulia winkari, romlisganac

SemorCenilia qvafenili, Sedgenili daumuSavebeli, magram kargad

SerCeuli filaqvebisagan da SemomzRudavi kedlebis naSTebi (zomebi:

1,5X1,2 m). am qvafenilze dadasturda qvis Wurvi da Tixis samkuTxa

fila (zomebi: 9,5X9 sm.) tolmklava jvrisa da asomTavruli (w-i g-i)

warweris reliefuri gamosaxulebiT (#406, tab. 12).

asoebis moxazulobis analizi migvaniSnebs, rom es firfita X s-is

bolo xanebiT unda daTariRdes. sruliad aSkaraa, rom zemoxsenebuli

ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis moWiqul jamebsa da kramitebTan erTad,

es warweriani Tixis filac mogviano xanaSia aq moxvedrili ferdobis

Camorecxvis Sedegad. am TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebas iqcevs is

garemoeba, rom #9 Txrilis aswvriv (aRm-iT), sul 20-25 m-is moSorebiT

mdebareobs Cvens mier 2004 wels gaTxrili marani, romlis zemoT,

ferdobze, savaraudod damarxulia ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis

eklesiis naSTi, romelic daxuruli unda yofiliyo moWiquli

kramitiT. Cveni varaudiT, swored am eklesiidan unda modiodes is

moWiquli kramitebis, jamebis fragmentebi da es Tixis filac jvriTa

da asomTavruli warweriT, romlebic aRmoCnda #9 TxrilSi

gamovlenili marnis naSTis zemoT daleqili miwis fenaSi.

Tavis mxriv, #9 TxrilSi gamovlenili marani Tavisi warmarTuli

miwisqveSa sakurTxevliTa da ritualuri kuTxiT (Torne da kera) unda

ukavSirdebodes iqve, navTobsadenis derefnis gareT arsebul borcvSi

SemCneuli nagebobis naSTebs, romelic Cveni varaudiT, SesaZloa

warmarTuli salocavis nangrevi iyos. rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva,

saritualo TorneSi, nacris fenaSi dadasturebuli jami,

damajereblad TariRdeba XIV-XV ss-iT. es aris TariRi marnis

funqcionirebisa. am TariRs adasturebs marnis C/aRm. kedlis gareT,

saZirkvelTan aRmoCenili spilenZis moneta (#406) moWrili 1298/99 ww

mefe vaxtang III-is saxeliT. (lomouri 1948: gv. 75-77. Джалагания 1958: gv.

74-75).

am monetis aRmoCenis viTareba damajereblad gviTariRebs masalis

agebisa da funqcionirebis dros, es aris XIV saukune.

sayuradRebo suraTi mogvca sadazvervo Txrilma marnis winkarsa da

mimdebare teritoriaze (D 5-D 6 kvadratebis zonaSi), sadac gamovlinda

SedarebiT arqauli nagebobis kedlebis naSTebi. aq aRmoCnda

ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis (XI-XIII ss) nagebobis kedlebi da

kulturuli ftna, sadac dadasturda am periodisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli moWiquli jamebis fragmentebi (#62, 63, 72, 113, 114).

aSkaraa, rom #9 TxrilSi gamovlenili XIV s-is marani dafuZnebulia

ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis nagebobis naSTebze. amasTanave, am marnis


22

asagebad qvabulis momzadebis dros, safuZvlianad gaunadgurebiaT

Zveli nagebobebi.

Txrili #10

mdebareobs KP 212+350 niSnulze, #9 Txrilidan samxreTiT 6 m.

daSorebiT (SemdegSi #9 Txrilis gafarTovebis Sedegad es ori

Txrili SeerTda}. #10 Txrilis zomebi 6X1,5 m. CavWeriT 2 m. siRrmeze.

mTeli es Ffena Sedgeba danaleqi Tixnari miwisagan, romelSic

sxvadasxva doneze aRmoCnda uwesrigod gabneuli arqeologiuri

masala: ganviTarebuli SuasaukuneebisTvis (X-XI-XIII ss)

damaxasiaTebeli moWiquli jamebis (#87, 88, 134, 146, 138), moWiquli

kramitis (#143), moCalisfrod gamomwvari Txelkedliani sasmisebis

(#137, 141), minis samajuris (#144), rkinis widis (145), Tornis (#135),

qoTnebisa (#136, 142) da saritualo keris (#45) fragmentebi. raime

nagebobis naSTi ar dadasturebula. zemoTxsenebuli arqeologiuri

masala saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi ileqeboda aq ferdobis zeda

nawilidan.

Txrili #11

mdebareobs KP 212+350 niSnulze #10 Txrilidan s/d-iT 20 m. daSorebiT.

zomebi: 5X1 m. CavWeriT 1 m. siRrmeze. sayuradRebo araferi gamoCenila.

Txrili #12 (tab. 3,6,7)

mdebareobs KP 212+400 niSnulze, #11 Txrilidan samxreTiT 2 m.

daSorebiT. Tavdapirvelad #12 Txrilis zomebi iyo 4X4 m. 0,5 m

siRrmeze (sami barispiri) Casvlis Semdeg Txrilis mTel farTobze

gamovlinda uwesrigo qvayrili, Tumca aSkarad Canda, rom es qvayrili

raRac nagebobis kedlebis daqcevis Sedegad iyo Seqmnili. mesame

barispiris aRebis Semdeg gamoikveTa kedlebis konturebi, romelTa

mixedviT gavafarToveT Txrili yvela mimarTulebiT. bolos (Txrilis

zomebi 15X11 m). gamoikveTa marTkuTxa (ufro trapeciis msgavsi)

nageboba (zomebi 10X7 m), romelSic kargad ikveTeba ori saaRmSeneblo

done. kedlebi nagebia sxvadasxva zomis daumuSavebeli qviT talaxze.

duRabi gamoyenebulia mxolod sawnaxlis konstruqciaSi.

pirveli samSeneblo done warmodgenilia marniT, romlis s/aRm.

nawilSi qviTkiris organyofilebiani sawnaxelia gamarTuli.

sawnaxlis C/aRm. boloSi datanebulia xvreli, romelic qviTkirisave

RariT ukavSirdeboda TaRars. TaRaris movaleobas Tavis droze

asrulebda saSualo zomis (daaxl. - 0,65 m. simaRlis) qvevri, romlis

Ziris anabeWdic SemorCa ormos ZirSi dadasturebul duRabis naSTze.

TviTon qvevri ar dadasturda. marnis aRm. kuTxeSi, TaRaris gverdiT

gaiwminda saqajavis fskeri - brtyeli qvebi erTmaneTTan

dakavSirebuli Tixis xsnariT. aq rom namdvilad saqajavi yofila

gamarTuli, amas mowmobs marnis s/aRm. kedlis C/aRm. boloSi

gamovlenili TaxCa, romelSic dadasturda xis Zelis (berketis) naSTi.

es Zeli gadadioda saqajavis fskerze da grZeldeboda marnis iatakze.

meore saaRmSeneblo doneze marani SeumcirebiaT. s/d da C/d kedlebis

win amouSenebiaT axali kedlebi. Zvel da axal kedlebs Soris sivrce

SeuvsiaT miwiT. gauqmebula sawnaxlis meore (s/d nawili) ganyofileba.

gaumarTiaT meore karebi, romlis samxreT wirTxlsa da Zveli karebis


23

samxreT wirTxls Soris CauSenebiaT calpiri qvis wyobis kedeli.

amgvarad warmoiqmna viwro derefani, romelic aRm-iT ukavSirdeba

marans, xolo dasavleTiT gare derefans (winkars). Crd. kedlis Sua

nawilTan aRmoCnda nacris sqeli fena, aqve dafiqsirda cecxlis

xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Sedegad gaSavebuli kedlis qvebi. es faqtebi

mowmoben, rom am adgilze kera iyo gamarTuli. kerasa da TaRars

Soris, C/aRm. kedlis ZirSi aRmoCnda iatakSi myarad Casmuli qvis

fila, romelzec dadasturda xis svetis vertikalurad mdgari

damwvari naSTi. am qvis mopirdapired, dadasturda xis svetebis

sayrdeni baliSebi marnis Sua nawilSi (sawnaxlis Crd. kuTxis win) da

s/d gverdis kedlis ZirSi. ueWvelia, rom am xazze idga dedaboZi da

kedlispira svetebi, romlebzec gadebuli Tavxec ikavebda marnis

banur gadaxurvas.

#12 TxrilSi gamovlenili marnis Txrisas gamovlenili

arqeologiuri masala (ZiriTadad keramika) saSualebas iZleva

ganisazRvros Zeglis stratigrafia.

zeda fenebSi, Caqceuli miwisa da RorRis TandaTanobiT aRebis dros,

sxvadasxva doneze Cndeboda uwesrigod gabneuli (ara in situ) ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli masala: minis

samajuris fragmenti (#191) G 9 kvadratSi, marnis das. kuTxeSi, iatakis

donidan 0,4 m-iT zemoT; faiansis WurWlis mcire fragmentebi (#147 - G 7; #153 da #161 - G 8 kvadratebSi). es arqeologiuri masala am

teritoriaze moxvedrili unda iyos ferdobis zemo nawilidan, sadac

jer kidev 2004 wlis zafxulSi #1 da #2 marnebis gaTxris dros

vivaraudeT ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis eklesiis naSTebis arseboba.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, #12 TxrilSi gamovlenili marnis

funqcionirebis ori etapi ikveTeba: I - rodesac aigo es nageboba da II,

rodesac moxda misi ganaxleba Semcirebul zomebSi. II etapi

(Semcirebuli marani) sawnaxelSi aRmoCenili gviani Suasaukuneebis

mouWiqavi jamis kide-kalTiT (#158- I 9 kvadrati) XVI-XVII ss-iT unda

ganisazRvros. igives mowmobs iatakis doneze keris nacrian fenaSi (H8 kvadrati) da marnis Sua nawilSi (H 8 da H 9 kvadratebis mijnaze)

aRmoCenili calyura Tixis sasmisis fragmentebi (TiTqmis mTlianad

aRdga - #196). rac Seexeba I etaps, misi gansazRvrisas

gasaTvaliswinebelia adreulsa da gviandel kedlebs Soris Sevsebis

qveda fenebSi dadasturebuli Tixis mouWiqavi jamis Zir-qusli (#169 -

G 9 kvadr.), damaxasiaTebelia XIV-XV ss-isaTvis. aqve aRmoCnda am

epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli jamis kidis fragmenti (#172). am kedlebs

Soris miwis Sevsebis sxvadasxva doneze aRmoCnda adreuli masalac

(angobiT moxatuli da cisfrad moWiquli jamis fragmenti (#171 - G 9 kvadr.), Tumca gviandeli kedlis agebis TariRis gansazRvrisas

bunebrivia es ar gamodgeba da gviandeli jamebis monacemebs unda

daveyrdnoT. amrigad #12 TxrilSi gaTxrili Tavdapirveli marnis

agebisa da funqcionirebis TariRi XIV-XV ss-iT unda ganisazRvros,

rac kargad exameba monetebiT daTariRebuli marnebis TariRs (#9

TxrilSi).

Txrili #13

mdebareobs KP121+430 niSnulze, #12 Txrilidan s/d-iT 30 m-ze. zomebi

700-125 sm. siRrme 1,95 sm. 0,7-0,9 m. siRrmeze Tavi iCina kedlebis


24

naSTebma. erTi maTgani mimarTulia s/aR.-dan C/d.-ken. es kedeli TiTqmis

1 m. siRrmeze Cadis. masze zemodan (0,40 m. maRla) gadadis meore

kedlis fragmenti mimarTuli samx-dan Crd-ken. rogorc Cans, es

naSTebi Tavis droze raRac nagebobebs ukavSirdeboda. amJamad raime

kulturuli fena ar dadasturda. sxvadasxva doneze aRmoCnda

uwesrigod gabneuli keramikis fragmentebi: ganviTarebuli

SuasaukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli moCalisfro xeladis (#211),

moWiquli jamebis (#198, 206), moWiquli kramitis (#200) da gviani

Suasaukuneebis jamis (#199) natexebi.

Txrili # 14

mdebareobs KP 212+410 # 13 Txrilidan C/iT 15 m-ze. zomebi: 370X110 sm.

siRrme 70 sm. TxrilSi gaiwminda uwesrigo qvayrili, romlis aRebis

Semdeg davdeqiT uZrav yamirze.

qvayrilis zedapirze aRmoCnda obsidianis Subispiris msgavsi iaraRi

(#201) da marmarilos (?) gaprialebuli naxevrad gaxvretili diskos

fragmenti (#202). aSkaraa, rom es arqauli nivTebi ferdobis zeda

nawilidan Camorecxil miwas mohyva aq.

Txrili #15

mdebareobs KP 212+410 m. zomebi: 565X125 sm. siRrme - 95 sm. TxrilSi

dadasturda uwesrigo qvayrilis naSTebi. aRmoCnda moWiquli jamis

fragmenti ara in situ mdgomareobaSi (#217).

Txrili #16

mdebareobs KP 212+420 m. zomebi 970X370 m. siRrme 40-90 sm. TxrilSi

gamovlinda didi lodebiT talaxze nagebi mZlavri kedlis naSTi

mimarTuli s/aRm-dan Crd-ken. odnav morkalulia. mas safasado konturi

aRm-iT aqvs mimarTuli. das. morkaluli mxare rogorc Cans gruntSi

ijda. fasadis mxares, Sua nawilis mopirdapired gamovlinda miwaSi

myarad Casmuli qvebiT SemozRuduli mcire farTobi (90X70 sm).

CavWeriT sadazvervo Txrili am farTobze, dadasturda silanarevi

Tixnari fena, romelSic Cndeba gviani SuasaukuneebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Tixis WurWlis fragmentebi (#222, 223, 224) Txrilis

ZirSi (90 sm siRrmeze) daaxl. 20 sm. miwis fenaSi SeimCneoda rkinis

Jangis minarevi. am nagebobis daniSnuleba gaurkvevelia.

Txrili #17

mdebareobs KP 212 zomebi: 360X150 sm. h-75 sm. am TxrilSi sayuradRebo

araferi gamoCenila. miwa naZravi iyo, Cndeboda umniSvnelo keramikis

fragmentebi.

Txrili #18

mdebareobs KP 212. zomebi: 18X3 m. siRrme - 0,75 m. am TxrilSi gaiwminda

qvebis calpiri wyobis simi rigi s/dan C/aRm-is mimarTulebiT

(tyemlanas xevisken). es rigebi sxvadasxva donezea erTmaneTis

sisxloves. arqeologiuri masala ar dadasturda (mxolod umniSvnelo

keramikuli fragmentebi), arc raime kulturuli fena. Seiqmna

STabeWdileba, TiTqos es sarwyavi rus naSTi unda iyos, romelSic

wyali tyemlanas xevidan modioda adgil navenaxaris mosarwyavad.


25

Txrili #19

mdebareobs KP 212-ze. #18 Txrilis C/aRm-iT ramodenime metrze. zomebi

150X100 sm. siRrme - 60 sm. am TxrilSi sayuradRebo araferi

gamoCenila.

Txrili N# 20 (tab. 4,8,12).

am TxrilSi, romelic mdebareobs KP 211+700 niSnulze, samuSaoebi

mimdinareobda 2005 wlis noemberSi. gaiTxara erTi nageboba, romelic

� iseve rogorc 2004 wels gaTxrili nagebobebi � marans warmoadgens.

gaTxrebis dawyebis safuZveli gaxda milebs Soris gamovlenili ori

mozrdili qva, romlebic erTmaneTTan mijriT iyo Cadgmuli. moizoma

Txrili savaraudo nagebobis gamosaCenad (3X3 m).

humusuri fena am adgilze mSeneblobis mier iyo moxsnili. Semdgomi -

Tixnari fenis moxsnis Semdeg gamoikveTa araTanabari zomis qvebisagan

Sedgenili wyobis zeda rigi, romelic dazianebuli kedlis

STabeWdilebas tovebda da aRmosavleT nawilSi hkravda kuTxes

(SemdgomSi kvadrati I 6; �kedlebis� sigrZe 3 mX 2m; sur #1195).

Txrilis gafarToebis Semdgom gamoikveTa daumuSavebeli qvebis erTi

rigi, romlis sigrZem Seadgina 5 metri, xolo siganem � daaxloebiT

0,6-0,77 metri (sur. 1195, 23°, #1). kedeli orientirebulia NE-SW RerZze. es kedeli (gegmaSi rkalismagvarad) uerTdeba SedarebiT mcire zomis

meore kedels, romelic Sedgeba sami didi lodisagan (saSualo

zomebi: 0,84 X 0,50 X 0, 25 m). lodebs Soris saSualo zomis qvebi da

kenWebi gvxvdeba. am doneze moxsnilma kulturulma fenam Seadgina

pirveli barispiri, romelic Seicavda mcire raodenobis mowiTalod

gamomwvari Tixis WurWlis fragmentebs (kv. H 3).

#20 Txrilis zeda fenaSi aRmoCenili damaTariRebeli masala:

qvevris fragmentebi: #228, 270 - J5 kvadrati. moWiquli jamebis fragmentebi: #241-H6 kv. #263 H 3 kv. Tixis WurWlis yurebi - #244, 246 - J 4 kv. #277 - J 5 kv. spilenZis moneta - #403 - J 4 kvadrati, pirveli baris piri. Turquli

vercxlis ayCa, wona = 0,4 gr. zedwerili ar ikiTxeba. sulTan urhanis

(1328-29 ww) mier moWrili (Sohrotter 1930: gv. 17) farTodaa gavrcelebuli

das. saqarTveloSi XV-XVII ss-Si. aqve iWreboda misi minabaZebic.

preparaciis Semdgom gamoikveTa kedlis wyobis zeda rigis sruli

konfiguracia � daumuSavebeli qvebis or an sam rigiani wyoba

horizontalur sibrtyeSi, kedlis saSualo sigane 1 metrze meti iyo.

aSkara iyo, rom nagebobis ZiriTadi nawili moqceuli iyo kedlis

dasavleTiT, ris gamoc Txrili gafarTovda swored am mimarTulebiT

da kedlis Sida wyobidan 20-30 sm �is moSorebiT, Crdilo-dasavleTiT

Tavi iCina analogiuri qvebis calkeulma nawilebma, romlis gawmendis

Semdgom I 7 kvadratSi gamoikveTa kirxsnarnarevi wyobis nawili. igi

pirveli kedlidan 1,3 metris moSorebiT fiqsirdeba. aSkara gaxda, rom


26

aq kvlav sawnaxlis naSTebTan unda gvqonoda saqme. Sesabamisad,

kirxsnariani kedlis gamoCenis mizniT daiwyo misi preparacia.

dadginda, rom kedeli mimarTulia # 1 kedlis paralelurad,

savaraudod es unda yofiliyo sawnaxlis Crdilo kedlis Sida wyoba,

rac dadasturda Semdgomi gaTxrebis dros. igi igive doneze

mdebareobs, rogorc #1 kedeli � zedapiridan 90 sm-is, xolo

nulovani wertilidan ki � 1,4 m-is siRrmeze.

am fenebis aRebis dros dadasturda keramikuli masala:

#20 Txrilis qveda fenebis arq. masala:

TaRari #243 ` - J 6 kvadratSi (tab. 12) qoTnebis fragmentebi:

#231 - J 7 kvadrati, sawnaxlis fskerze.

#281 - E 8 kvadrati, 1,9 m siRrmeze. #251 - J 6 kvadrati, sawnaxlis fskerze.

moCalisfro sasamisebi:

#237/223 - J 4 kv #257 - J7 kv. doqis gverdi #236 - J 6 kv.

mouWiqavi jamebis Zir-quslebi: #235, 261 - J 6 TaRis Tavze.

moWiquli jamis fragmentebi:

#250 H 6, gardamavali xana

arqeologiuri masalis umravlesoba, gansakuTrebiT sawnaxlis

fskerze, TaRaris Tavze dadasturebuli, vercxlis monetasTan erTad

damajereblad aTariRebs #20 TxrilSi gamovlenili sawnaxlis

funqcionirebis TariRs XV-XVI ss-iT.

TiTo-orola ganviTarebuli SuasaukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

keramikuli fragmenti SemTxveviT unda iyos moxvedrili am

teritoriaze.

Txrilis zomebi SezRuduli iyo CrdiloeTis mxridan, radgan aq ukve

Cadebuli iyo mili. Sesabamisad Txrilis maqsimaluri sigane gaxda 6,5

metri, xolo sigrZe �11 metri.

kirxsnariani wyobis CrdiloeTiT, kedlis srulad gamoCenis mizniT

Catarebuli samuSaoebis Semdgom gamoikveTa sawnaxelis Crdilo

kedlis gare wyoba, romelic qviSaqvis sxavadasxva formis qvebiT aris

nagebi da Sekrulia kirxsnariT.

wina wlebSi gaTxrili sawnaxelebisagan gansxvavebiT, amjerad pirvel

rigSi daiwyo konstruqciis gareT arsebuli qvebis aReba. Senobis

ngrevis Sedegad warmoqmnili iyo didi raodenobis qvayrili, romelic

mTlianad faravda Txrilis farTobs.

sawnaxelis aRmosavleTi kedlis simZlavris garkvevis mizniT

gaiwminda misi gare fasadi. I 6 da I 7 kvadratebSi, gamovlenili wyobis

zeda rigis qvemoT, dadasturda aseve mSrali wyoba, Tumca SeiniSneba

sxvaoba qvebis zomebs Soris. kerZod, irkveva, rom # 1 kedlis

aRmosavleTi nawili dasmulia gacilebiT didi zomis qviSaqvis qvebze

(zomebi: 0, 80-0, 85m X 0,38 � 0,50m X 0,18 - 0,22m), vidre misi dasavleTi

nawili. dadginda, agreTve, rom kedeli Sedgenilia lodebis gare da

Sida wyobisagan da principulad igivea, rac e.w. peranguli wyoba,

Tumca uaRresad mdare xarisxisaa. manZilic perangis qvebs Soris

sxvadasxva zomisaa, rig SemTxvevebSi isini uSualod ebjinebian


27

erTmaneTs. SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, carieli sivrceebi Sevsebulia

wvrili qvebiT.

sawnaxelis dasavleTi nawilis preparirebis Semdgom gamoikveTa

saintereso suraTi: irkveva, rom sawnaxeli dadgmulia adrindel

Senobaze, romlis dagegmareba gansxvavebulia. kerod, I 7 kvadratSi

sawnaxelis kedlis qveS gamoCnda gegmaSi wriuli formis erT rigiani

wyoba, romlis sigrZe 2 metri. am wyobis doneze gaiwminda

hidravlikuri xsnari, romlis farTobi Seadgens 0,5 kv. metrs. xsnarSi

gamoyenebulia wvrilad dafxvnili keramikuli fragmentebi da qviSa.

startigrafiuli suraTi naTelia-sawnaxels dangreuli aqvs adreuli

nagebobis naSTebi. samwuxarod, safiqrebelia, rom es nageboba

sawnaxelis agebamde ukve aRar funqcionirebda da dangreuli iyo,

radgan misi naSTebi aqa-iqaa SemorCenili da dangreulia sawnaxelis

farTobis gareTac.

amgvarad, am monakveTSi dadasturda ori samSeneblo fena. amave

TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa sawnaxelis Crdilo �aRmosavleTi

nawilic. am farTobSi gansakuTrebiT uxvad iyo koncentrirebuli

kedlidan gadmocvenili qvebi. isini gaiwminda da fenebis mixedviT

Tanmimdevrulad iqna aRebuli, Tumca aseT skrupulozur meTods

gansakuTrebuli Sedegi ar mohyolia (arc iyo mosalodneli, magram

raime moulodnelobis Tavidan asacileblad aseTi gadawvetileba iqna

miRebuli.

am nayaris aRebis Semdeg gamoikveTa TviT sawnaxelis konfiguracia:

igi aSenebulia sxvadasxva zomis qviSaqvis qvebiT. kedlebis sigane

saSualod 0,6 metria da kirxsnarzea amoyvenilia. igi mTliani

nagebobis Sesabamisad, damxrobilia Crdilo-aRmosavleT-samxreT-

dasavleT RerZze. sawnaxeli gegmaSi sworkuTxaa. misi zomebia: sigrZe-

5,9; sigane - 1,25; simaRle - 0, 87 metri.

fiqsaciis Semdgom daiwyo sawnaxelis Sida farTobis gawmenda. isic

sxvadsxva zomis nayari qviT iyo amovsebuli. nayari aseve

Tanmimdevrulad iqna amoRebuli. dadginda, rom sawnaxeli or Tanabar

nawilad iyo gayofili dabali tixaris saSualebiT. tixari

warmoadgenda mcire zomis qvebis wyobas, romelic kirxsnariT iyo

gadalesili. igi imgvarad iyo agebuli, rom misi dasavleTi kide

uSualod mimarTuli iyo wvenis sadinari xvrelisaken. iseTi

STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos am tixriT regulirdeboda sawnaxelis

calkeul seqciebSi dawuruli wvenebis cal-calke gaSveba TaRarSi.

Senobis mTlianad gamokvlevis mizniT gagrZeldaCrdilo-aRmosavleTi

kedlis wmenda. imis gamo, rom marnis es nawili Sedis milsadenis

gasxvisebis zolSi, nagebobis nawili gauTxreli darCa.

marnis Crdilo kedelTan, kuTxeSi sawnaxelis Ziris doneze (nulovani

wertilidan 1, 65 m) gaiwminda saqajavis konstruqciis detalebi,

romlebic gamarTulia sawnaxelsa da marnis aRmosavleT kedels

Soris. misgan SemorCenilia kirxsnariT molesili iataki (2,3 X 2,0

metrze). amave adgilas, kedelSi datovebulia niSa saqajavis

konstruqciis (xis Zelis) Casamagreblad. molesili iatakidan siTxe

Caedineboda mis dasavleTiT gamarTul TaRarSi, romelic aseve

kirxsnarSia Cadgmuli da Sesabamisad, TaRari moqceulia sawnaxelis

kedelTan. WurWlis piris kide uSualod iatakis dones Seesabameba.


28

amave doneze, saqajavis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, iatakze SemorCenilia

Savi feris fena, nacecxluri. aq, albaT, kera iyo gamarTuli.

stratigrafiuli suraTis Sesamowmeblad keris adgilze CaiWra

iatakis done. gairkva, rom aq, iseve rogorc sawnaxelis dasavleT

nawilSi, marnis iataki gamarTuli yofila SedarebiT adreuli

nagebobis adgilze (tab. 10). ufro zustad, marnis iatakis qveS

gamovlinda yavisferi steriluri fena, roemlic zemodan adevs

naxSiris namcecebis Semcvel pirveli iatakis fenas. es fena kvadratSi

I 6 Seicavs wvrili qvis yrils.

sawnaxelis Crdilo kedlis gaswvriv gaiwminda qvayrili iatakis donis

dasafiqsireblad. sawnaxelis Crdilo-dasavleT kuTxeSi, kedelze

midgmuli aRmoCnda mcire moculobis baqani, romelic

horizontalurad Cadgmuli ori qvis filisagan Sedgeba. igi

gankuTvnili iyo sawnaxelSi yurZnis Cayris procesis gasaadvileblad.

baqanis dasavleTiT sawnaxelis Sua adgilze gaiwminda Rrmuli,

romelic aq odesRac arsebuli qvevris kvals warmoadgens. Sesabamisad,

esaa adgili, sadac meore TaRari iyo gamarTuli.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gauTxreli darCa marnis Crdilo nawili.

xolo risi gamokvlevac moxerxda, iman aseTi Sedegi mogvca: marnis

kedlebi amoyvanilia umetesad daumuSavebeli an nawilobriv

damuSavebuli lodebiT, romelTa zomebi ramdenadme gansxvavebulia,

Tumca sazogadod, maTi konfiguracia daaxloebiT erTidaigivea.

(zomebi: 0,42X0,87 m; 0,53X1,02 m; 0,5X0,85 m). wyoba mSralia � qvebi

erTmaneTze dalagebulia kirxsnaris gareSe, Tumca alag-alag

SeiniSneba talaxis gamoyenebis kvali. nagebobis sigrZe aris 11 metri,

xolo sigane anu is nawili, romelic gaiTxara � 6,5 metri. nageboba

gegmaSi sworkuTxaa, Tumca kuTxeebi mkveTrad gamoxatuli araa

samSeneblo masalis mouqnelobisa da siuxeSis gamo.

marani agebulia im adgilze, sadac manamde sxva, rogorc Cans, ara

sameurneo daniSnulebis Senoba arsebobda.

Txrili # 21.

mdebareobs Txrili # 20-is Crdilo dasavleTiT, misgan 8 metris

daSorebiT (Txrilis zomebi: 16 X 6 metrze). gaTxrebis dasrulebis

Semdeg am TxrilSic gamovlinda marani (# 8).

humusuri fena am TxrilSic moxsnili iyo mSeneblebis mier da

zedapiri warmoadgenda Tixnar miwas.

Txrilis umetes nawilSi, ZiriTadad E 5, E6 da E 7 kvadratebSi

gaiwminda daumuSavebeli qvebis yrili. am doneze araviTari

konfiguracia ar SeiniSneba (nulovani wertilidan 30 sm). qvebis

yrilis aReba daiwyo Txrilis samxreT nawilSi � gacilebiT meti

koncentraciis adgilze.

sul moixsna oTxi fena da mxolod amis Semdgom moixaza Senobis

konturi, ufro zustad, gamoikveTa kedlis zeda wyoba, romelic

Txrilis centralur nawilSi mdebareobs (kvadrati E6, nulovani

wertilidan 0,20 m). wyobaSi SeiniSneba kirxsnaris myari konsistencia.

Semdgomi samuSaoebi warimarTa am kedlis konturis srulad

gamosaCenad. imave doneze gamoikveTa kedlis mimarTuleba � Crdilo �

dasavleTidan samxreT aRmosavleTisaken. misma saerTo sigrZem

Seadgina 6 metri, sigane meryeobs 0,5 - 0,8 metrs Soris.


29

marnis kedlebi amoyvanilia daumuSavebeli an nawilobriv

damuSavebuli lodebiT. maTi zomebi gansxvavebulia, Tumca sazogadod,

maTi konfiguracia daaxloebiT erTidaigivea (zomebi: 0,45X0,70 m;

0,30X0,6 m). Tumca karis Riobi sul sxva tipisa da zomis qvebiTaa

Sedgenili. magaliTad, erTi vertikaluri qvis zomebia: simaRle 1

metri, sigane � 0,6 metri. wyoba aqac mSralia � qvebi erTmaneTze

dalagebulia kirxsnaris gareSe, Tumca alag-alag SeiniSneba talaxis

gamoyenebis kvali. nagebobis Crdilo kedlis sigrZe 5,9 metria,

aRmosavleTisa � 1,62 metri (es kedeli Sedis gauTxrel farTobSi),

xolo dasavleTisa ki � 3,4 metri.

nagebobis samxreTi nawili Sedis gazsadenis milis gasxvisebis zolSi

da, bunebrivia, igi gauTxreli darCa.

nageboba gegmaSi sworkuTxaa, Tumca kuTxeebi sakmaod naTladaa

gamoxatuli. dasavleTi kedlis wyobaSi gamoyenebulia gaTlili

qvebic. nagebobis konturis gawmendis Semdgom gamoikveTa ramodenime

arqiteqturuli detali. kerZod, E 6, E7 da F 6 F 7 kvadratebSi gaiwminda sawnaxlebi, romlebic erTmaneTisadmi marTi kuTxiTaa gamarTuli da

kuTxeebiT ebjineba erTmaneTs.

es erTiani konstruqcia, romelic am maranSia gamarTuli,

gansxvavebulia yvela manamde gaTxrilisagan. rogorc aRiniSna, igi

Sedgeba erTmaneTTan perpendikularulad midgmuli ori

moculobisagan. isini mcire zomisaa: 2,67X1,12 metrze (#1); meore (#2)

gaTxrilia nawilobriv, radgan Sedis gasxvisebis zonaSi. Sesabamisad,

misi zomebi arasrulia - 1,12X2,3 metrze. sawnaxeli Signidan Selesilia

kirxsanriT. # 1 sawnaxelis sadinari mili miemarTeba #2 sawnaxelis

kedlis paralelurad da zemodan nawilobriv gaxsnilia.

imis gamo, rom nageboba mTlianad araa gaTxrili, araa gamovlenili

saqajavis mTliani konstruqcia. saqajavis sitemidan mxolod dolabis

qva gaiwminda. igi miyudebuli iyo #1 sawnaxelis samxreT kedelze.

misi dm = 1,1 metrs.

sruliad gansxvavebuli detali aRmoCnda marnis SesasvlelTan E 8 kvadratSi, karis Riobis marcxena �amyolTan� Cadgmulia TiTqmis

srulad gaTlili qvis sveti. igi dgas uSualod karis RiobTan,

interierSi, karsa da kedels Soris arsebul kuTxeSi. esaa

damuSavebuli svetis dolis formis mqone qva, romlis dm = 0,52

metris, xolo simaRle � 0,76 metris tolia.

sruliad aSkaraa, rom nagebobaSi saxuravis konstruqciis

Sesakaveblad gamarTuli iyo sveti - #1 sawnaxelis samxreT kedelTan

myarad gamarTuli dabali cilindris formis qva xis svetis sayrdens,

bazas warmoadgenda (kvadrati F 7). misi zomebia: dm = 0,3 metri; simaRle

= 0,1 metri.

#21 TxrilSi zeda fenaSi gamovlinda Semdegi mniSvnelovani masala:

moWiquli jamis fragmenti.

#306 XI s-is SemTxveviT moxvedrili F 7 kvadrati. #370 XIII s-is F 9 392 F 9. qvevrebi:

#280 F 6, 307 F 7. qoTnebi:

#305 F 7, 291 E 6, 310 F 7, 295 E 6. xelada:


30

#293 E 6, 323 E 8. mouWiqavi jamebi:

#292 F 9, 321 E 8, 322 E 8. moWiquli kramiti: # 309 F 7

monetebi:

#404 - E 10 kvadrati, 2 m. siRrmeze qvayrilSi. vercxlis ayCa - sulTan

urhanis (1328-29 ww) mier moWrili. farTod gavrcelebulia das.

saqarTveloSi XV-XVII ss-Si (#403-is analogia).

#405 moneta spilenZis, aRmoCnda iqve, uTariRo. mklevarTa varaudiT

moWrili unda iyos hijriT 1014-1075 (1605/6-1664/65) ww. Soris. (Пахомов 1928: gv. 91-92) AV - brWyalebiani mxeci, win gawvdili drunCiT, dacqvetili yurebiT

(ornamenti gacveTilia).

RV � sparsuli warwera (`iWeda fulusi Tbiliss~), ornamenti

gacveTilia, TariRi ar SemorCa. es tipi monetisa dRemde erT caladaa

cnobili (kapanaZe 1969: gv. 149-150).

#21 TxrilSi qveda fenaSi gamovlinda Semdegi mniSvnelovani masala:

qvevrebi:

#282 F 8, 316 E 8, 360/361 F 1. mouWiqavi jamebi:

#290 E 5, 298 E 10, 312 E 8 marnis karTan iatakis doneze, 337 E 8, iqve, 320 F 6, 325/324 F 9, 326/327 F 6. moWiquli jamebi:

#303 F 9, 328 F 8, 331 F 6, samarile, 351 E 10. moCalisfro sasmisebi:

#285 F 5, 286 F 1, 315 E 10, 318 F 1, 330 F 8. moWiquli kramiti:

#299 E 10. Tornis fragmenti:

#357 F 9. #21 TxrilSi gamovlenili marnis funqcionirebis TariRi rogorc

arqeologiuri masalis ZiriTadi nawilis, aseve monetebis monacemTa

SejerebiT XV-XVI ss-iT unda ganisazRvros. rac Seexeba XVIII s-is

sparsul monetas (#405), misi TariRi sabolood dadgenili ar aris da

amitom am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti ver iqneba. amasTanave arqeologiuri

masalis im ZiriTadi nawilis, romelic sawnaxelSi da iatakis doneze

dadasturda, gadmotana XVII s-si gaWirdeba. ar aris gamoricxuli is

SesaZleblobac, rom es gviandeli moneta SemTxveviT iyos moxvedrili

#21 Txrilis farTobze.

5.3. artefaqtebi.

awyuris midamoebSi saangariSo wels mopovebuli mravalferovani

arqeologiuri masala ZiriTadad ganviTarebul da gvian Suasaukuneebs

ganekuTvneba. masalis mixedviT masSi gamoiyofa Semdegi kategoriebi.


31

keramika

sul 346 erTeulia (fragmenti). iyofa Semdeg saxeobebad: 1) moWiquli

jamebi (56 erT.); 2) moWiquli jamebi (66 erT.); 3) qila (3 erT.); 4) (37

erT.); 5) TefSi (1 erT.); 6) xelada (18 erT.); 7) doqi (gizauri) - (9 erT.);

8) samarile (3 erT.); 9) faiansis WurWlis fragmentebi (7 erT.); 10)

Txelkedliani moCalisfrod gamomwvari sasmisebi (20 erT.); 11) qvevrebi

(40 erT.); 12) qoTnis xufebi (56 erT.); 13) Wraqebi (4 erT.); 14) Cibuxi (1

erT.); 15) dergi (1 erT.); 16) Torne (3 erT.); 17) kviristavi (1 erT.); 18)

wyaladenis mili (2 erT.); 19) sawnaxelis TaRari (1 erT.); 20) sarulto

kera (3 erT.); 21) keci (3 erT.); 22) moWiquli kramiti (14 erT.); 23)

kramiti mouWiqavi (9 erT.); 24) gaurkveveli daniSnulebis WurWlis

fragmentebi (35 erT.); 25) aguri (1 erT.);

amaTgan yvelaze sayuradReboa moWiquli jamebi, romlebic SeiZleba

or qronologiur jgufad daiyos:

1. jamebi romelTa Sidapiri moxatulia TeTri angobiT da moWiqulia

cisfrad. maTTan unda gavaerTianoT mravalfrad moWiquli jamebis

fragmentebic Semkuli mcenareuli ornamentiT. es jgufi

saqarTvelos SuasaukuneTa xanis naqalaqar-nasoflarebze

mopovebuli analogiuri masalis safuZvelze TariRdeba

ganviTArebuli SuasaukuneebiT (XI-XIII ss). es fragmentebi ZiriTadad

mopovebulia sadazvervo TxrilebiT (# 3, #10) naZrav fenebSi, aseve

#2 da # 3 marnebis qveda kulturul doneebze.

2. jamebi, romelTa Sidapiri dafarulia TeTri angobiT da moWiqulia

mwvaned. es jgufi aseve mravalricxovani analogebis safuZvelze

zogadad XV-XVI ss-ebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT, rac marnebis

kulturul fenebSi napovni monacemebiTac dasturdeba. am periodSi

funqcionirebs swored Cvens mier saangariSo wels Seswavlili

marnebis umravlesoba (# 4, # 5, # 6 da # 7).

moWiquli jamebi Tavisi formiT (aRaruli bako, Sedrekili, kopiani

Zir-qusli), ornamentiTa da Wiquris xasiaTiT srulad analogiuria

Suasakuneebis saqarTvelos saxelosno centrebSi (Tbilisi, rusTavi,

dmanisi, Jinvali da sxv.) warmoebuli keramikis am saxeobisa.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas samzareulo (qoTnebi, qilebi, kecebi), sameurneo

(qveri, Tone), samSeneblo (aguri, kramiti) da sxva saxis Tixis

nawarmze. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom moCalisfro sasmisebsa da

kramitis jgufebSic iseve gamoiyofa ganviTarebuli da gviani

Suasaukuneebis nawarmi, rogorc moWiqul jamebSi. ase magaliTad,

ganiTarebul Suasaukuneebs unda miekuTvnos ukiduresad

Txelkedliani, kanelurebiani sasmisebi faqizad gaprialebuli

zedapiriTs da dabali burcobebiT. es nawarmi uSualod emsgavseba

Tbilisis, dmanisisa da gansakuTrebiT rusTavis XII-XIII ss-ebis

sasmisebs. sapirispirod amisa, awyuris masalaSi gvaqs calyura

moCalisfro sasmisebic (# 196), romlebic uxeSi kecis, darRveuli

proporciebiT aSkarad ganirCevian pirvelisagan. maTi nawili

dadasturebulia XV-XVI ss-is marnebis (# 4 marani) iatakze da amitom

maTi mikuTvneba giani SuasaukuneebisaTvis araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs TaRari #6 marnidan. is erTi

SexedviT Cveulebriv qvevrs mogvagonebs kvercxiseburi mucliTa da

reliefuri wiboebiT. Tumca sruliad gansxvavebuli, vertikaluri,


32

gareT gadmozneqili piri aqvs. ramdenad saocaric ar unda iyos, me ar

meguleba Suasaukuneebis qarTul keramikaSi msgavsi formis qvevri an

TaRari, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi adgilobrivi warmomavloba eWvs ar

iwvevs. es friad orginaluri WurWeli msgavsebas iCens (pir-yelis

formiT) brinjaos xanis qarTul didi zomis WurWlebTan.

qronologiuri siSoris gamo Znelia raime tradiciaze saubari, Tumca

amfaqtis aRniSvna mainc saWirod migvaCnia.

calke unda aRvniSnoT maRalxarisxovani faiansis WurWlebis mcire

fragmentebi. miuxedavad simcirisa, darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

isini eqsportis gziTaa moxvedrili saqarTveloSi (iranidan?) albaT

XII-XIII ss-ebSi.

mina

minis nawarmSi gvaqvs raRac WurWlebis (sasmisebi?) gverdis mcire

fragmentebi da samajurebis natexebi, romelTa kuTvnileba XIII-XIV

saukuneebisadmi TiTqos eWvs ar unda iwvevdes. amaTgan samajurebi

aSkarad adgilobrivi nawarmia, rasac utyuarad mowmobs maTi uamravi

analogebis povna Suasaukuneebis Zeglebze. cnobilia agreTve XIII s-is

minis sawarmos naSTebic sof. natbeurTan, sadac msgavs samajurebs

amzadebdnen.

liToni

rkinis inventaridan sayuradReboa lursmnebi da cxenis nali, rac

damaxasiaTebelia Sua saukuneebis qarTuli namosaxlarebisaTvis.

calke unda aRvniSnoT rkinis widis fragmentebi, romlebic mTel

samuSao farTobze gvxvdeboda naZrav fenebSi. aSkaraa, rom es widebi

aq tyemlanas zemo ferdobebidanaa Camorecxili da iq, sadRac, rkinis

warmoebis naSTebs gvavaraudinebs.

calke aris aRsaniSnavi numizmatikuri masala. aRmoCenili monetebi

did daxmarebas gviwevs gamovlenili Zeglebisa da artefaqtebis

qronologis dadgenaSi.

sayuradReboa XII s-is II naxevris spilenZis monetis (# 409) aRmoCena #

9 Txrilis zeda fenaSi. is aq im daSlili kulturuli fenebidan unda

moxvedriliyo, romlidanac vvaraudobT moWiquli kramitebsa da wm.

giorgis filas. meore moneta 1300 wlisaa (# 407) aRmoCnda #5 marnis

Crd/aRm kuTxeSi, kedlis saZirkvlis doneze. es mowmobs, rom es marani

XIV s-is dasawyisSi, an I naxevarSia agebuli.

aseve sayuradReboa XVII s-is dasawyisis Turquli axCebis aRmoCena (#

405-406) # 6 da # 7 marnebSi, rac udavod mowmobs am marnebis

funqcionirebas aseve gviandel dromdec.

qva

gansakuTrebiT unda gamovyoT moyavisfro qviSaqvis samkuTxa

moyvanilobis fila jvris reliefuri gamosaxulebiT. jvris orive

mxares aseve relieurad gamokveTilia asomTavruli qaragmiani sityvebi

"wmidaÁ giorgi" paleografiulad specialistis azriT (giorgi

gagoSiZe), es gamosaxuleba X s-iT unda daTariRdes. is aRmoCnda # 9

TxrilSi, marnis karis win (garedan) qvis kibeze. aSkaraa, rom es

gamosaxuleba bevrad win uswrebs # 5 marnis funqcionirebas (XV s?)

da aq gvianaa moxvedrili ferdobis zemo nawilidan. aq ar SeiZleba ar

gavixsenoT moWiquli kramitebis fragmentebi, romelic swored am

zolSi Cndeba da iqidanve unda modiodes, saidanac wm. giorgis fila.

am TvalsazrisiT Cveni yuradReba adreve miiqcia borcvma swored #5


33

marnis gaswvriv, romelSic aSkarad mniSvnelovani nagebobis naSTia

sagulvebeli. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom moWiquli kramitebi

aSkarad XI-XII ss-s unda ekuTvnodes da maTiT ZiriTadad eklesiebs

faravdnen, maSin ar unda iyos safuZvels moklebuli am borcvSi

sinqronuli eklesiis naSTebis arsebobis varaudi.

6.0 interpretacia

milsadenis 211-e da 212-e kilometrebze warmoebulma arqeologiurma

gaTxrebma metad mniSvnelovani da mravlismetyveli masala mogvca

Zveli saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxis _ samcxis Sua saukuneTa

istoriis Sesawavlad.

ganaTxari marnebi qviTkiris sawnaxlebiTa da saqajavebiT naTlad

warmogviCenen mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis mniSvnelovan rols am regionis

mosaxleobis meurneobaSi. amave dros, es marnebi warmoadgenen Sua

saukuneebis xalxuri arqiteqturis Zeglebs. sayuradReboa, rom

rogorc marnebi, aseve sawnaxlebi tipologiurad msgavsia

saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi (kaxeTi, qarTli, aragvis xeoba) gaTxrili

Tanadrouli Zeglebisa (ramiSvili. 1974; rCeuliSvili. 1990; WilaSvili.

1975). amasTan, yuradRebas ipyrobs is faqti, rom aqaur marnebSi ver

vxvdebiT Rvinis dasaduRebel da Sesanax qvevrebs. Cveni azriT, es

nagebobebi sacxovrebeli saxlebisagan moSorebiT, venaxebSi iyo

gamarTuli da gamoiyeneboda mxolod yurZnis dasawurad. wveni maSinve

mihqondaT im marnebSi, romlebic sacxovrebel saxlTan axlos unda

hqonodaT gamarTuli. amas mowmobs msgavsi viTarebis dadastureba

aragvis xeobaSi Sua saukuneebisa da gasuli saukunis dasawyisis

eTnografiul yofaSic (nanobaSvili. 1960; sonRulaSvili. 1974).

yuradRebas iqcevs qarTuli werilobiT wyaroebSi ("nikorwmindis

dawerili") dadasturebuli termini "sawnaxeli" "marnis" gverdiT

(berZniSvili. 1979). rogorc Cans, Cveni winaprebi ansxvaveben

erTmaneTisagan "marans", sadac Rvinis Sesanaxi qvevrebi iyo da

"sawnaxels", sadac mxolod sawnaxeli da saqajavi iyo yurZnis

pirveladi damuSavebisaTvis. am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba upriani iyos

saerTo marnebisaTvis Cvens samecniero literaturaSi termin

"sasawnaxlos" damkvidreba.

metad sayuradRebo faqtia #9 TxrilSi gamovlenili marnis erT

kuTxeSi warmarTuli saritualo kuTxis dadastureba mcire zomis

TorniTa da keriT. es udavo mowmobaa Sua saukuneebSi garkveuli

winaqristianuli (warmarTuli) sakulto ritualebis gadmonaSTis

saxiT arsebobisa. msgavsi faqtebi dadasturebulia Jinvalis

naqalaqaris gaTxrebis dros (rCeuliSvili. 1990).

gamovlenili sakmaod mravalricxovani da mravalferovani keramikuli

masala ZiriTadad msgavsia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gaTxrebis

dros mopovebuli keramikisa (jafariZe. 1956; miwiSvili. 1967), Tumca

SeiniSneba garkveuli Taviseburebebic. es ki imis niSania, rom am

regionSi adgilze unda ewarmoebinaT rogorc moWiquli, aseve

mouWiqavi sasufre Tu sameurneo da samSeneblo keramika. calke unda

gamovyoT rkinis widebis mravlad aRmoCenis faqtebi, rac ueWveli


34

sabuTia meRvineobis ganviTarebisa, Tumca Sesabamis naSTebs rkinis

sadnobi qurebisa ver mivakvlieT. savaraudoa, rom es warmoeba zemoT,

sof. tyemlanas midamoebSi yofiliyo da aRniSnuli widebis

fragmentebi swored iqidan moxvda aq.

ganaTxari Zeglebisa da arqeologiuri masalis winaswari Seswavlis

Sedegadac ki SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom Cvens xelTaa Zvirfasi

informaciis Semcveli artefaqtebis kompleqsi, romelic myar

safuZvels qmnis samcxis Sua saukuneebis mosaxleobis ekonomikis,

kulturisa da yofis SeswavlisaTvis. miRebulia sruliad axali

informacia Zveli qarTuli meRvineobis Sesaxeb.

kulturul mcenareTa Soris pirvelad dadasturda zeTisxili, kakali,

Txili. maT Soris sruliad gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa

zeTisxilis naSTebis aRmoCena, rac radikaluri klimaturi

cvlilebebis maniSnebelia. gacilebiT Tbili klimatis maniSnebelia

agreTve muxis, cacxvis, fSatis, qacvis, xeWrelis da jagrcxilis

arseboba XV-XVI saukuneebSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom rogorc

paleobotanikuri analizis Sedegad irkveva, gviani Sua saukuneebis #7

maranSi aRmoCenili wipwebi an primitul jiSebs miekuTvneboda, an ar

tardeboda Sesabamisi agroteqnikuri (gasxvla da a. S.) operaciebi, rac

mniSvnelovani detalia da kargad Seesabameba am xanis urTules

istoriul procesebs.


35

7.0 daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

7.1 daskvna

sof. awyuris midamoebSi Seswavlili marnebi naTel warmodgenas

iZleva samcxis sameurneo yofis Sesaxeb ganviTarebul da gvian

SuasaukuneebSi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia is, rom am mcire

moculobis monakveTSi Tavmoyrili aRmoCnda rva marani, romelTa

moculoba sakmaod STambeWdavia. konstruqciebis mixedviT sruliad

aSkaraa, rom am marnebSi iwureboda sxvadasxva - Savi da TeTri

yurZeni.

aRniSnuli marnebi ar warmoadgendnen iseT Senobebs, sadac dawuruli

wveni inaxeboda. amiT aixsneba is, rom arc erT maTganSi wvenis

Sesanaxi qvevrebi ar aRmoCenila. erTaderTi saxeoba WurWlisa,

romelic aq Cndeba, aris samzareulo da sufris WurWeli, ufro

zustad, mcire zomis doqebi da Tasebi.

interdisciplinaruli kvlevis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom marnebSi

ZiriTadad dawurulia iseTi yurZnis jiSebi, romlebic dRes saRvined

ar gamoiyeneba. maTi umetesoba ganekuTvneba wvrilmarcvlovani yurZnis

jiSebs, romlis analogiebi rudimentuli da gavelurebuli saxiT

SemorCenilia mxolod samcxis teritoriaze. sainteresoa isic, rom

xorbleulTan erTad aq gvxvdeba Wvavic.

teritoriis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia nakveTebis

gasamijni qvis rigebis (yoreebis funqciiT) dadastureba da sairigacio

sistemebi, romelTac saTave sof. Tislis midamoebSi unda hqonoda.

ekonomikuri urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa isic, rom

marnebis modamoebSi monetebi gvxvdeba, rac, SesaZloa, im konkretuli

momentis amsaxveli iyos, rodesac Rvinoze garigeba uSualod venaxSi

da maranTan xdeba.

amdenad, awyuris teritoriaze Catarebulma gaTxrebma mogvca sruliad

axali masala Zveli samcxuri meRvineobis Sesaxeb X-XI saukuneebidan

vidre XVII saukunemde.

7.2 rekomendaciebi

I. awyuris arqeologiuri eqspediciis mier gacemuli rekomendaciebis

Sesabamisad dakonservebulia ## 12 da 5 TxrilebSi gamovlenili

marnebi. xolo KP 212-ze moxda marSrutis nawilobrivi Secvla.

II. KP 211 + 900 mSeneblobis dros ganadgurebulia mTliani marani (am

faqtis amsaxveli fotoebi daculia oT. lorTqifaniZis sax.

arqeologiis institutis axalmSeneblobaTa ganyofilebaSi).

ara Tu aucilebeli, aramed savaldebuloa am ganadgurebuli marnis

sanacvlod sakompensacio gaTxrebis Catareba, radgan: 1) aseTi

SeTanxmeba arsebobda bp-is direqciasTan da igi unda Sesruldes; 2)

yvela gamovlenil calkeul marans aqvs sruliad gansakuTrebuli

mecnieruli mniSvneloba da Sesabamisad, yvela aseTi SemTxvevis

ugulvebelyofa mecnierul siaxleze uaris Tqmas niSnavs.

III. KP 211 da 212 niSnulebze gamovlenili nagebobebis koncentracia

imisi maniSnebelia, rom garSemo, gauTxrel farTobSi, derefnis orive

mxares ganfenilia arqeologiuri naSTebi. Sesabamisad, am monakveTSi


36

nebismieri masStabisa da saxis samuSaoTa dagegmvis SemTxveveaSi

aucilebelia arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Catareba.

IV. gamovlenili Zeglebis arqiteqturuli mravalferovneba

(dagegmareba, interieris organizacia, funqcionaluri datvirTva), misi

daculoba da mecnieruli siaxle imdenad didi mniSvnelobisaa, rom

aucilebelia maTi srulad gamocema qarTul da inglisur enebze.

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cxovreba", t. I, Tbilisi.

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37

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erTi saxeoba, "macne", #I. Tbilisi.

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istoriisaTvis, fsaZ, t. I, Tbilisi.

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saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1962.

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38. javaxiSvili al. saqarTvelos geografia, 1926, t. I, geomorfologia,

Tbilisis universitetis gamocema, tfilisi.

39. janaSvili a. 1950, mgeli da afTari. saxelgami, Tbilisi.

40. janaSvili a. 1950, jixvi, saxelgami, Tbilisi.

41. janaSvili a. 1977, saqarTvelos Cliqosnebi. gamomcemloba `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi.

42. janaSvili a. 1963, saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaro, t. III,

xerxemlianebi, Tbilisi.

43. janaSvili a. 1950, maCvi da kverna. saxelgami, Tbilisi.

44. janaSvili a. 1958, saqarTvelos faunis gardaqmna, Tbilisi.

45. janaSvili a. 1974, zoogeografia. Tbilisi.

46. jafariZe v. 1956, qarTuli keramika, (XI-XIII), Tbilisi.

47. Джалагания Н. Л. 1958, Истории монетного дела в Грузии XIII века. Твилиси. 50. Пахомов Е. А. 1910, Монеты Грузии, СПБ. 49. Рахомов Е. А. 1928, Вес и достоинство медной монеты Тифлиса XVII-XVIII вв. "Востоковедение", т. III Изд. Восток. факультета Аз. вос. Университета, Баку. 50. The Enyclopaedia of Jslam v. I. L-L. 1955 51. Schrotter F. 1930, Worterbuch der Mnzkunde B-L. 52. Licheli V., 1999, - St. Andrew in Samtskhe-archaeological proof?. In: Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus. Iberica Caucasica. Vol. 1. London. 53. Licheli V., 1999 - Une ville des VIIe �Ier siecles. In: Religions du Pont � Euxin, Paris. 54. Licheli V., 1999 -The Black Sea � Vani � Samtskhe: the Spreading Route of Black-glazed Pottery. In: La Mer noire Zone de Contacts. Paris.


38

danarTi B

liTonis masalis kvlevis angariSi

restavrirebulia liTonis rva artefaqti:

1. rkinis gaurkveveli daniSnulebis nivTi #1-100

2. rkinis gaurkveveli daniSnulebis nivTi #1-101

3. brinjaos gaurkveveli daniSnulebis nivTi #3-316

4. brinjaos garsakravi #4-340

5. brinjaos balTa #5-339

6. brinjaos moneta #4-404

7. tyviis beWedi #7-407

8. brinjaos rgoli #8-400

speqtruli analiziT dadgenilia ori artefaqtis qimiuri Sedgeniloba

(cxr. 1).

1. balTa #5-339 qimiuri Sedgeniloba: (Cu-87,0; Sn-0,45; Zn-0,8). damzadebulia minarevebiani spilenZisagan.

2. beWedi #7-407. qimiuri Sedgeniloba: (Pb-96,0; Cu-1,5; Sn-1,3). damzadebulia tyviis Senadnobisagan (Cu-98,0; Sn-0,75; Pb-96,0; Ag-0,023) (foto 1).

brinjaos masalis sarestavracio sqema

restavraciis win TiToeuli nivTi daeqvemdebara makrostruqturul-

morfologiur Seswavlas da foto fiqsacias (foto 2).

brinjaos artefaqtebi damuSavda meqanikurad lancetisa da sxva basri

iaraRebis gamoyenebiT. samuSao mindinareobda mikroskopis qveS maRali

ganaTebis probebSi. gawmendili nivTi damuSavda acetoniT da mSrali

nivTebi daifara Termoplastikuri akrilis polimeriT paraloid b 72

(paraloid b 72 + acetoni (40g. + 1,5l.) (foto 3).

rkinis masalis sarestavracio sqema

rkinis inventari damuSavda meqanikurad, bormanqanaze, almasisa da

foladis jagrisis saSualebiT.

meqanikurad gawmendili nivTebi damuSavda Semdegi sarestavracio

xsnariT: tanini + spirti + orTofosformJava, Semdeg etapze ki

mxolod taninis spirtxsnariT (procesi ganmeorda ramdenjerme).

sakonservaciod nivTi daifara Termoplastikuri akrilis polimeriT

paraloid b 72 (paraloid b 72 + acetoni (40g. + 1,5l.).

speqtruli analizis Sedegebi cxrili 1

arqeologiuri ubnis nomeri: IV-266

# laboratoriis

Sifri

nivTis

dasaxeleba

aRmoCenis

adgili Cu Sn Pb Zn Bi Ag Sb As Fe Ni Co Au

1 U-705 brinjaos

balTa #339 87,0 0,45 0,35 0,8 0,005 0,08 0,08 0,03

2 U-706 beWedi

(vercxli,

anT)

#407 1,5 1,3 96,0 0,16 0,023 0,014

danarTi C -1

paleozoologiuri masalis kvlevis angariSi

oleg benduqiZe

awyuris osteologiur masalaSi aRmoCenilia Sinauri cxovelebis

siWarbe. maT Soris aRmoCnda Sinauri Zroxis, Sinauri Roris, cxenis,

viris, kameCis, ZaRlis da qaTmis naSTi. gareuli cxovelebisagan

awyurSi dadginda mxolod iremi da erT grovaSi memindvrias ybebi da

izolirebuli kbilebi.

awyuris Zroxa aSkarad ori tipis jiSs ekuTvnis _ didi da patara

zomisa, rac kargad dgindeba maTi Zvlebis gansxvavebuli zomebis

safuZvelze.

awyuris Roris Zvlebi Tavisi zomis da morfologiis moxedviT ar

ganisazRvreba aborigenuli Savi kaxuri jiSis Rorisagan. n. burCak-

abramoviCis mixedviT, es Savi Rori Tavisi warmoSobiT samxreT aziis

regions unda daukavSiroT (Sus vitattusi-s jgufs).

awyuris cxeni sakmaod didi zomis cxoveli Cans, magram masalaSi

kbilebis faqtiuri ararseboba ar gvaZlevs ufro zusti gansazRvris

SesaZleblobas.

rac Seexeba Sinaur viris naSTebs, saqarTvelos teritoriaze isini

iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens. magaliTad, viris naSTebi uxvad aris

warmodgenili mcxeTis arqeologiur masalaSi (d. bursakis

gansazRvra).

garkveul interess warmoadgens kameCis Zvlebis aRmoCena

(metatarzaluri Zvali, kidurebis falangebi, Cliqebi). es masala

ganisazRvra metatarzis distaluri rokebis formis, II falangebis

simoklis da Cliqebis sigrZis safuZvelze. aq unda aRiniSnos, rom

saqarTveloSi kameCis monapovrebi aqamde ar iyo cnobili, magram n.

burCak-abramoviCis cnobiT, kameCis Zvlebi xSirad gvxvdeba

azerbaijanSi.

awyuris osteologiur masalaSi gansakuTrebiT saintereso monapovars

warmoadgens patara zomis ZaRlis zeda ybis fragmenti, romelsac

aReniSneba rostrumis simoklis niSnebi. am ybas aSkarad SeeniSneba e.

w. "kulisebri" anu iribi premolarebis ganlageba. kerZod, mesame zeda

premolaris ukana nawili mimarTulia mtacebluri kbilisaken (Pu)

odnav latelarulad. rogorc cnobilia (benduqiZe 2001), premolarebis

amgvari iribi ganlageba ZaRlebSi, rogorc wesi, mokle rostrumis

maCvenebelia. amrigad Cven SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom awyurSi Cven

gvaqvs saqme "boqsioris' an "buldogis" msgavs ZaRlis formasTan.

Zegli IV-266,320, sofeli awyuri, 211/212km kompleqsuri teqnikuri angariSi

2

danarTi D 1

paleoeTnobotanikuri kvlevis angariSi

nana rusiSvili, n. melaZe

namarxi botanikuri masalis gamosavlenad SeviswavleT niadagis

nimuSebi awyuris nasaxlaris sxvadasxva fenebidan.

paleoeTnobotanikuri TvalsazrisiT Seswavlil iqna 8 nimuSi.

botanikuri masala aRmoCnda 6 nimuSSi.

niadagis sinjebi, botanikuri masalis gamovlenis mizniT, damuSavda

flotaciuri meTodiT, rac gulisxmobs niadagis e. w. garecxvas

wylisa da CCL4-is gamoyenebiT. Semdgom xdeba gamovlenili masalis

fraqciebad dayofa sxvadasxva diametris sacris saSualebiT, misi

gaSroba, gamagreba-konservacia da momzadeba saidentifikaciod.

gamovlenili botanikuri masala warmoadgens mcenareTa ganamarxebul

nayofebsa da Teslebs. botanikuri masalis identifikacia

stereoskopuli mikroskopis saSualebiT xorcieldeba gvarebisa da

saxeobebis donemde morfologiur niSanTa kompleqsis mixedviT

(Доброхотов В. Н. � 1961; Кац Н. Я; кац С. В. Кипиани М. Г. � 1965; Роллов А. Х. � 1908; Latalova M. � 1999). masalis Seswavlis Sedegad gamovlenilia kulturul da sarevela

mcenareTa 8 saxeoba. identificirebulia xorbali, Wvavi da vazi.

(cxrili #1).

arqeobotanikur masalaSi xorbali warmodgenilia mrgvali formis

wvrili marcvlebiT. marcvlis apikaluri da ventraluri mxareebi

Tanabrad farToa, ventraluri Rari Rrmaa. dorsaluri mxare

momrgvalebulia. marcvlis sigrZis Sefardeba mis siganesTan (L\B) meryeobs 1.3-1.6 farglebSi (cxrili #2). yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli

saSualebas gvaZlevs xorblis karbonizirebuli marcvlebi

mivakuTvnoT Triticum aestivo-compactum Shiemann-is populacias. aseTi

identifikacia miRebulia paleoeTnobotanikaSi, rodesac mkveTri

sazRvris gatareba rbil da kompaqtur xorblebs Soris Zneldeba. Wvavi _ Secale cereale ssp. segetale Zhuk. _ paleoeTnobotanikur masalaSi

dafiqsirebulia xorbalTan erTad Tanabari raodenobiT. marcvlebs

aqvT maxvili fuZe da blagvi apikaluri nawili, ventralur mxares

SeiniSneba Rari. cxril #3-Si warmodgenilia Teslebis parametrebi da

indeqsebi. xorblis naTesebis WvaviT aseTi maRali xarisxiT

dasarevlianeba SesaZloa aixsnas xorblis naTesebis CrdiloeT

ferdobebze arsebobiT. CrdiloeT ferdobebze, sadac ar xdeba mzis

sxivebiT maTi pirdapiri ganaTeba, xorblis naTesebi didxans rCeba

mosvenebis mdgomareobaSi, Wvavi, romelic saTesle masalaSi moxvda,

rogorc sarevela, gadadis dominantur mdgomareobaSi da didi

raodenobiT ikavebs xorblis naTesebs. dabali temperaturis gamo

xorbali konkurencias ver uwevs Wvavs (Hillman,1978, pp. 157-174).


3

vazi dafiqsirebulia or nimuSSi (cxrili #1) orsave SemTxvevaSi

namarxi wipwebi (tab. XVI) gamovlenilia #7 marnidan aRebul niadagis

sinjebSi. vazis wipwebi Zlier iyo dazianebuli, amitom parametrebis

gamoangariSeba moxerxda mxolod mcire nawilze (cxrili #3-4).

morfologiuri niSnebis mixedviT wipwebi mcire zomisaa: sigrZe |L| meryeobs 3.5-dan 5 mm.-mde, sigane |B| 2.0-dan 3.5 mm-mde, niskartis sigrZe 0.7-dan 1.0 mm-mde, Sefardeba L/B 0.7-1.0 tolia (Негруль А.М. � 1960, стр. 111-119). wipwebs aqvT msxlis forma, qalaZa Teslis SuaSia moTavsebuli,

ventraluri Sovi ar SeiniSneba, gverdiTi Rrmulebi ZiriTadad

paralelurad arian ganlagebulni. negrulis (1960) korelaciuri

mrudis Tanaxmad, wvrili Teslebi ganapirobebs wvril marcvlebs.

amitom maranSi aRmoCenili wipwebi an miekuTvneboda primitul jiSebs

an ar tardeboda Sesabamisi agroteqnikuri (gasxvla da a. S.)

operaciebi.

sarevela da veluri mcenareebi

1. Agrostemma githago L. � Wiota. mixakisebrTa (Caryophyllaceae) ojaxi. Teslis zomebia 2.5×2×1.5 mm. abezari sarevela mcenarea.

aRmocenebis unars inarCunebs ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi.

mosavlis aRebis Semdeg Wiota ar ifanteba niadagSi, igi

saTesle masalaSi ireva da iwvevs marcvlovnebis didi

xarisxiT dasarevlianebas. Teslebi Seicaven toqsiur

glukozid agrostemins. didi wnevis qveS glukozidi ixliCeba

da Tesli toqsiurobas kargavs. asarevlianebs ZiriTadad

sagazafxulo naTesebs.

2. Galium spurium L. _ begiauri. ojaxi � Rubiaceae. Teslis zomebia

1.5×1×1.25 mm. cnobilia, rogorc selis sarevela, iSviaTad

asarevlianebs marcvlovan kulturebs.

3. Galium tricorne Stokes. _ xovera. ojaxi � Rubiaceae. Teslis

diametria 2-2.5 mm. ZiriTadad marcvlovani kulturebis

sarevelaa.

4. Setaria viridis L. _ mwvane Zurwa. ojaxi - Graminae (marcvlovnebi).

Teslis zomebia 1.0×0.8 mm. marcvlovani kulturebis sarevelaa,

izrdeba gzis napirebze.

5. Solanium nigrum L � ZaRlyurZena. ojaxi - Solanaceae. Teslis

zomebia 1.5-2.0×1.25-1.5×0.5-0.7 mm. ZaRlyurZena cnobilia rogorc

sarevela, izrdeba gzis napirebze, saxlebTan axlos,

nagavsayrelebze, mdinaris napirebze. mcenare Seicavs

narkotikul nivTiereba solanins. Zvelad mcenaris nayofs

mcire raodenobiT aZlevdnen bavSvebs nawlavuri parazitebis

mosacileblad.

amrigad, paleoeTnobotanikuri masalis Seswavlis Sedegad garkveuli

warmodgena Segveqmna namosaxlaris agrocenozebis rekonstruqciis

TvalsazrisiT. SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom miwaTmoqmedeba aRniSnul

regionSi, drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi ar iyo warmatebuli.

SesaZloa es mxolod lokalur xasiaTs atarebda da ar vrceldeboda

mTlianad regionze.


4

awyuris cxrili #1-is ganmarteba

1. marani #7, sawnaxeli #2, 1.8 m.

1. Vitis sp. 2. Solanium nigrum L.

2. marani #7 Savad gamomwvari yuriani doqi, 1.8 m.

1. Vitis sp. 2. Galium tricorne 3. Setaria viridis

3. marani #7 sawnaxelis Crdilo-dasavleT kedelTan

1. Triticum aestivo-compactum 2. Secale cereale ssp. segetale 3. Galium spurium 4. Agrostemma githago

4. marani, Txrili #20 keris garSemo.

botanikuri masala ar aRmoCnda

5. marani, Txrili #20, saqajavis fskeris done.


marani, Txrili #20 keris irgvliv.

1. Solanium nigrum 7. marani, Txrili #20 centraluri TaRaris Tavi.

1. Setaria viridis 2. Solanium nigrum

8. marani, hidravlikuri xsnaris qveS.


cxrili 1.

K

awyuris namosaxlaris paleoeTnobotanikuri masalis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba

# Species

adgili

Familia I II III IV V VI VII VIII

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0 Agrostema gethagol L. x Garyophyllaceae

2 Galium spurium x Rubiaceae

3 galium tricorne x Rubiaceae

4 Secale cereale ssp segetale x Graminae

5 Setaria viridis x x Graminae

6 Solanium nigrum x x x Solanaceae

7 Triticum aestivo-compaqtum x Graminae

8 Vitis sp x x Vitaceae

cxrili 2

marani #7. sawnaxelis Crdilo dasavleT kedelTan

rbili xorblis parametrebi da indeqsebi

# L B L/B B/L % T/L % T/B %

1 5,2 3,8 1,368421 73,076923 42,30769231 57,89473684

2 6 4 1,5 66,666667 36,66666667 55

3 5 3,2 1,5625 64 40 62,5

4 4,5 3 1,5 66,666667 44,44444444 66,66666667

5 5 4 1,25 80 50 62,5

6 5,2 3,2 1,625 61,538462 42,30769231 68,75

7 4,5 3,3 1,363636 73,333333 44,44444444 60,60606061

8 4 3,2 1,25 80 45 56,25

9 5 3,5 1,428571 70 40 57,14285714

10 5 3,2 1,5625 64 44 68,75


5

cxrili 3

marani #7. sawnaxelis Crdilo dasavleT kedelTan

Wvavis parametrebi da indeqsebi

# L B L/B B/L % T/L % T/B %

1 5,5 2,2 2,5 40 40 100

2 5 2,4 2,083333333 48 44 91,66666667

3 4,5 2 2,25 44,44444444 44,44444444 100

4 6 2,2 2,727272727 36,66666667 36,66666667 100 5 6 2,2 2,727272727 36,66666667 33,33333333 90,90909091

6 6 2,5 2,4 41,66666667 36,66666667 88

7 6 2,5 2,4 41,66666667 36,66666667 88

8 5,5 2 2,75 36,36363636 36,36363636 100

9 6 2,2 2,727272727 36,66666667 40 109,0909091

10 4,5 2,2 2,045454545 48,88888889 44,44444444 90,90909091

cxrili 4

marani #7, sawnaxeli #2

vazis parametrebi

# L B niskartis sigrZe L/B

1 3,5 2,5 0,8 1,4

cxrili 5

marani #7, Savad gamomwvari yuriani doqi

vazis parametrebi

# L B niskartis sigrZe L/B

1 4 2,5 0,7 1,6

2 4,5 3,5 0,8 1,285714286

3 3,5 2,2 0,9 1,590909091

literatura

1. Доброхотов В. Н. � 1961, Семена сорных растений. Москва

2. Кац Н. Я; кац С. В. Кипиани М. Г. � 1965, Атлас и определитель плодов и

семян встречающихся в четвертичных отложениях СССР М. наука. 3. Негруль А.М. � 1960, Эволюция размера семян и ягод у винограда. Известия

ТСХА, №2/33/ - с. 111-119. 4. Роллов А. Х. � 1908, Дикорастущие растения Кавказа их распространение свойства и применение.

5. Latalova M. � 1999, Palaeoecological reconstruction of the enviromental conditions and economy in early medieval Wolin � against a background of the landscape. Acta Palaeobotanica vol. 39 #2 Krakow.

6. Hillman G. On the origins of domestic rye � 1978, Secale cereale: the finds from aceramik Can Casan III in Turkey. � �Anatolian Studies� v.XXYIII, Ankara, p.157-174.


6

danarTi E 1

palinologiuri kvlevis angariSi

eliso yvavaZe

adgili navenaxaridan 2005 wels aRebuli iqna 10 nimuSi. 5 maTgani

mopovebulia mecxre Txrilidan, 3 � meTormete Txrilidan da 2 ki

meTeqsmete Txrilis sxvadasxva doneebidan. palinologiuri masala

damuSavda paleobiologiis institutis palinologiur

laboratoriaSi. gamoyenebulia dReisaTvis miRebuli standartuli

meTodi (pirvel etapze masala ixarSeboda kaliumis tuteSi, meore

etapze xdeboda misi centrifugireba mZime siTxeSi, mesame etapze ki

tardeboda masalis acetolizi, anu SeRebva).

laboratoriuli damuSavebis Sedegad yvela nimuSSi gamoyofili iqna

sakmarisi raodenobis mtvris marcvlebi. aq aRmoCenilia agreTze

arapalinologiuri xasiaTis organuli naSTebi. esenia magaliTad

qsovilis boWkoebi. napovnia bambis da selis qsovilis da Zafebis

naSTebi. aris ferado boWkoebic (tabula XIX, XX).

rac Seexeba mtvris marcvlebs, ganxilul masalis TiTo nimuSSi

saSualod daTvlilia 250-300 mtvris marcvali. sul gansazRvrulia 65

mcenaris mtveri. aqedan 19 miekuTvneba xemcenareebs da buCqebs.

balaxovnebis jgufSi Warbobs venaxebis, baRebis da naTesebis

sarevelebi.

Txrili #9. sinjebi aRebulia sawnexelebis fskeridan, qvevris Ziridan

da damwvari fenidan (1.82, 1.80, 1.75, 1.70, 0.83 metris siRrmeebi, cxrili I).

#1 sawnexelis fskeris anafxekSi (nimuSi 1) xemcenareTa Soris

dominirebs kulturuli vazis (Vitis vinifera) mtvris marcvlebis

raodenoba, sadac aRmoCenilia misi 12 mtvris marcvali (tabula XVII).

aris Txilis (Corylus) da zeTis xilis (Olea) mtvris marcvlebi, rac

mebaReobaze metyvelebs. mesame nimuSSi aris agreTve kaklis (Juglans regia) mtvris marcvlebi.

balaxovnebidan aRiniSneba kulturuli marcvlovnebi. bevria naTesebis

da venaxebis sarevela mcenareTa mtveri. esenia nacarqaTama

(Chenopodiaceae), matitela (Polygonum), cixoriumi (Cichorioidae), Talgamura

(Brassica), wiwibura (Fagopyrum) da sxva. rac Seexeba velur mcenareulobas

igi warmodgenilia ZiriTadaT tyis elementebiT. esenia naZvi (Picea), fiWvi (Pinus), rcxila ( Carpinus), muxa (Quercus). buCqebis mtvris

marcvlebi naklebia. es aris eTedra (Ephedra), qacvi (Hippophae), tyis

Txili (Corylus). aRiniSneba agreTve tyis gvimrebic (tabula XVIII).

magaliTad tabela (Pteris cretica) da gvimruWa (Asplenium).

mecxre Txrilis danarCen sinjebSic aRmoCenilia mtvris marcvlebis

TiTqmis igive kompleqsi. bevria vazis mtveri. aris zeTisxili, magram

aq ufro kargadaa warmodgenili xemcenareTa jgufi. napovnia cacxvis

(Tilia), wablis (Castanea sativa), murynis (Alnus), jagrcxilas (Carpinus orientalis), fSatis (Elaeagnus) da Sindanwlas (Thelycrania) mtvris marcvlebi (cxrili

I).


7

Txrili @#12. aq aRebuli da Seswavlilia sami sinji. sinji #6

aRebulia ganxilul Txrilis pirveli nagebobis Crdilo-aRmosavleT

kedelTan, 1.90 metris siRrmeze aq girCac iyo napovni. meore sinji

aviReT marnis kerasTan 1.88 metris siRrmeze (nimuSi 7). sinji #8

aRebulia Txrilis samxreT kuTxeSi 2 metris siRrmeze da igi kedlis

naSTs warmoadgens. pirvel or nimuSSi mtvris marcvlebi uxvadaa,

magram mesameSi masala ufro cotaa. iseve rogorc mecxre TxrilSi

aqac aris kulturuli vazis mtveri, xorbali, zeTis xili, Txili da

sxva miwaTmoqmedebis maCvenebeli. kargadaa warmodgenili venaxebis da

xorbleulobis naTesebis sarevelebi. bevria magaliTad matitelas,

xvarTqlas, wiwiburas mtveri. aris agreTve saZovrebis elementebi da

adamianis sacxovrebelTan arsebuli iseTi sarevela, rogoricaa

magaliTad WinWari (Urtica), Roris birka (Xanthium), mJauna (Rumex). rac Seexeba velur mcenareulobas, bevria fiWvis mtveri (Pinus) (tabula

XVII). meore dominanati aris naZvi (Picea), mesame _ efedra (Ephedra). aRiniSneba soWis (Abies), murynis (Alnus), wablis (Castanea), qacvis

(Hippophae) da Txilis (Corylus) mtvris marcvlebi. aris napovni tyis

gvimrebis sporebic. gvxvdeba xavsebi.

Txrili 16. aq, QqviT SemozRudul ormoSi aRebuli da Seswavlilia

ori nimuSi. palinologiuri kompleqsi emsgavseba Cvens mier zemoT

ganxilul masalas. kargadaa warmodgenili kulturuli mcenareTa

mtveri. es aris vazi, xorbali, zeTisxili, kakali, Txili da sxva.

sarevelaTa jgufSi Warbobs samiwaTmoqmedo elementebi. aris Zovis da

ruderaluri elementebic. veluri mcenareebis mtveri ZiriTadad tyis

elementebia. bevria fiWvis (Pinus) da efedris (Ephedra) mtvris

marcvlebi. kargadaa warmodgenili rcxila (Carpinus caucasica), muryani (Alnus), Tela (Ulmus). naklebia muxis (Quercus), cacxvis (Tilia), xeWrelis

(Ostrya), qacvis (Hippophae) da aryis (Betula) mtveri.@tyis gvimrebis

kompleqsSi Sedis kilamura (Polypodium vulgare), margalita (Botrychium), tabela (Pteris cretica) da gvelis ena (Ophioglossum vulgatum).

Cvens mier gamovlenili palinologiuri kompleqsi gvaZlevs

saSualebas davadginoT rom XIII saukunis bolo da Semdgomi sami

saukune xasiaTdeboda sul sxva ekologiuri pirobebiT. muxis, cacxvis, fSatis, qacvis, xeWrelic da jagrcxilis arseboba tyeSi mowmobs, rom

aq dRevandelTan SedarebiT gacilebiT Tbili klimati unda

yofiliyo. Tbili klimatis arsebobis dasturia agreTve gvimra gvelis

enis, tabelas, kilamuaras sporebis aRmoCena. yvela CamoTvlili

mcenare dRes izrdeba mxolos tyis qveda zolSi da 700 m zemoT ar

izrdeba (kecxoveli 1971). awyuri ki mdebareobs 960 m simaRleze.

swored am Tbilma klimatma Seuwyo xeli mevenaxeobis mZlavr

ganviTarebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom mecamete saukuneSi mevenaxeobis

aRorZineba moxda inglisSic (Utterstrom 1955). awyurSi zeTisxilis kulturac Tbili klimatis gareSe ver

moxdeboda. zeTisxili saqarTveloSi palinologiuri monacemebis

Tanaxmad antikur xanidanaa cnobili (Connor, Kvavadze 2005). berZnebis

mier Semotanili am mcenaris plantaciebi izrdeboda rogorc

dasavleT, aseve samxreT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (kecxoveli

1959). magram meCvidmete saukunis bolos momxdarma anomalurma acivebam

sabolood gaanadgura mevenaxeoba ara marto awyurSi. aciveba

globaluri da xanmokle iyo. 1675-1715 wlebSi am Zlierma acivebam


8

TiTqmis mTeli evropa moicva (Ле Руа Ладюри 1971, Квавадзе, Рухадзе 1989,

Frenzel 1995, Квавадзе и др. 2007. am dros mevenaxeoba mTlianad gaCanagda

inglisSi da germaniaSi (Ле Руа Ладюри 1971, gv.13-14). CrdiloeT evropaSi

am dros ar iyo xorbleulis mosavali, xolo samxreTSi xorblis

fasma Zlier aiwia (Ле Руа Ладюри 1971, gv.14).

am dros kavkasiis mTebSi yvela yinulis farTobma imata da bevrma

maTganma daiwyo svla dablobisken (gobejiSvili 1989). aciveba

saqarTvelos yvela regionSi moxda. magaliTad, palinologiuri

monacemebis mixedviT lisis tbis midamoebSi ganxiluli acivebis dros

naZvis tye izrdeboda (yvavaZe 1999). tyis zeda zolma qvemoT daiwia

rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos mTebSi. awyurSi

sabolood ganadgurda zeTisxili da vazi. SemdgomSi aq am ori

kulturis warmoeba didi masStabebiT veRar moxerxa.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. kecxoveli n. 1959. saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari. saq. ssr

mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi.

2. kecxoveli n. 1971. saqarTvelos flora, tomi 1. mecniereba,

Tbilisi.

3. Гобеджишвили Р.Г. 1989. Ледники Грузии. Мецниереба, Тбилиси. 4. Квавадзе Э. В., Рухадзе Л.П. 1989. Растительность и климат голоцена Абхазии.

Тбилиси, Мецниереба. 5. Квавадзе Э. В. 1999. Голоценовые колебания уровня озера Лиси и изменения

положений нижней границы леса. В кн. Г.Мчедлидзе (ред.) Проблемы палеобиологии,

том.1, Мецниереба, Тбилиси, стр.75-87. 6. Квавадзе Э. В., Коннор С.В., Нариманишвили Г.Н. 2007.Позднеплейстоценовая

и голоценовая история развития ландшафтов окрестностей Цалки (Южная Грузия) по

палинологическим данным озерных и почвенных образований. В кн. Г. Мчедлишвили

(ред.) Проблемы палеобиологии, том.2, Тбилиси, стр.12-23. 7. Лэ Руа Ладюри Э. 1971 История климата с 1000 года. Гидрометеоиздат,

Ленинград. 8. Connor S.V., Kvavadze E.V. 2005. Climatic and human influences on vegetation dynamics around Tbilisi over the past 6000 years. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. Biological series B, vol.3, No.4, p. 64-76. 9. Frenzel B (ed.). 1994. Climatic trends and anomalies in Europe 1675-1715. Special Issue:ESF Project �Europen Palaeoclimate and Man� 8, vol.13, Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart.Jena.New York. 10. Utterstrom G. 1955. Climatic fluctuations and population problems in early modern history. The Scandinavian Economic History Review.

cxrili I. awyuris Zeglis kulturuli fenebidan mopovebuli

mcenareTa mtvris da sporebis raodenoba

awyuri Txr.9 Txr.9 Txr.9 Txr.9 Txr.9 Txr.12 Txr.12 Txr.12 Txr.16 Txr.16

nimuSis nomeri 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

siRrme (sm) 170 175 180 83 181 190 188 200 100 90

xemcenareTa jgufi:

Abies 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Picea orientalis 7 8 7 20 3 11 2 5 10 17

Pinus 10 16 25 58 6 47 6 5 78 45

Cupressaceae 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


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Betula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2

Juglans regia 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Pterocarya pterocarpa 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Carpinus caucasica 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 10 0

Alnus 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 4 3

Quercus 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2

Tilia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Castanea sativa 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

Ulmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2

Rosaceae 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Corylus 3 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 4 Hippophae 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1

Olea europaea 3 4 6 0 0 0 5 0 1 3 Elaeagnus 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Thelycrania type 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ephedra 5 0 2 0 1 4 1 0 18 3

Vitis vinifera 12 4 4 2 2 0 8 0 5 1 xemcenareTa jgufis jami 45 39 56 91 14 69 23 10 140 88 balaxovanTa jgufi:

Poaceae 2 2 8 5 0 4 2 0 6 3 Triticum 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 Cerealia 2 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 2 1 Chenopodiaceae 10 29 46 82 7 6 0 3 26 4 Chenopodium album 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Artemisia 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 Artemisia annua type 0 0 0 3 0 9 17 0 3 0 Aster type 3 0 5 9 2 3 3 5 1 2 Achillea 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 Cichorioidae 32 11 9 22 5 19 18 4 17 11 Carduus 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 2 1 Cirsium 0 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 Serratula 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 Xanthium 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Fagopyrum 7 2 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 Polygonum type 12 8 9 25 0 8 6 3 11 6 Polygonum aviculare 1 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 1 0 Rumex 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 Convonvulus 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 Ranunculus 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Linum maritimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Primula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Apiaceae 4 0 7 6 0 7 3 0 11 3 Caryophyllaceae 0 0 3 4 1 2 0 3 0 2 Saxifragaceae 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 6 8 Boraginaceae 0 0 8 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 Epilobium 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 Plantago m/m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Plantago lanceolata 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 Helianthemum 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rosaceae 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 7 0 Myriophyllum 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Fabaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 Trifolium 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lamiaceae 3 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 6 8 Brassicaceae 4 5 0 0 2 4 4 0 3 6 Sphagnum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bothrychium lunaria 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Polypodiaceae 9 2 0 3 0 0 2 0 12 3 Polypodium vulgare 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Polypodium serratum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Ctyptogramma crispa 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Pteris cretica 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 2


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Undeterminate NAP 11 4 10 11 3 13 4 2 13 12 balaxovanTa jami 109 63 117 194 20 153 63 20 161 86 palinomorfebis saerTo jami: 154 102 173 285 34 222 86 30 301 174


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