kul-imun respon imune
DESCRIPTION
gTRANSCRIPT
Review-1
• Sebutkan benda asing yang bersifat patogen
• Vaksin termasuk imunisasi aktif atau pasif?
• Apa bedanya imunisasi aktif dan pasif?
Review-1
• Sebutkan ciri imunitas alamiah
• Sebutkan contoh imunitas humoral
• Sebutkan sel yang termasuk sel myeloid
Review-1
• Sel yang berfungsi mengeluarkan granula histamine
• Sebutkan organ yang menghasilkan sel T
• Sebutkan sel yang dapat menghasilkan antibodi
Respon Imune
Irma Suswati
Cells of the Immune System
Immune System
Myeloid Cells Lymphoid Cells
Granulocytic Monocytic T cells B cells
NeutrophilsBasophils
Eosinophils
MacrophagesKupffer cells
Dendritic cells
Helper cellsSuppressor cellsCytotoxic cells
Plasma cells
NK cells
Immune Sistem
Immune System
Innate(Nonspecific)
1o line of defense
Adaptive(Specific)
2o line of defenseProtects/re-exposure
Cellular Components Humoral Components Cellular Components Humoral Components
Interactions between the two systems
humoral
biokimia
Immune Sistem
Immune Sistem
1.Sistem imun non-spesifik (natural/innate)a. Pertahanan fisis dan mekanis
b. Pertahanan biokimia
c. Pertahanan humoral
d. Pertahanan selular
2. Sistem imun spesifik (adaptive/acquired)a. Sistem imun humoral
b. Sistem imun selular
Innate Host Defenses Against Infection
• Anatomical barriers– Mechanical factors– Biochemical factors– Biological factors
• Humoral components– Complement– Coagulation system– Cytokines
• Cellular components– Neutrophils– Monocytes and macrophages– NK cells– Eosinophils
Anatomical Barriers - Mechanical Factors
System or Organ Cell type Mechanism
Skin Squamous epithelium Physical barrier
Desquamation
Mucous Membranes
Non-ciliated epithelium (e.g. GI tract)
Peristalsis
Ciliated epithelium (e.g. respiratory tract)
Mucociliary elevator
Epithelium (e.g. nasopharynx)
Flushing action of tears, saliva, mucus, urine
Mechanical Factors
• Pertahanan fisisMUCUS
• Goblet Cell: Secretes mucus.
• GI dan Respiratory Tracts• Komposisi Mucus
– 1% Mucin– 1% Free Protein– 1% Dialyzable Salts– >95% Water
• Melindungi epithelium dari stress, kerusakan enzym dan pertahanan bahan pathogen.
Anatomical Barriers - Biochemical Factors
System or Organ Component Mechanism
Skin Sweat Anti-microbial fatty acids
Mucous Membranes
HCl (parietal cells)
Tears and saliva
Low pH
Lysozyme and phospholipase A
Defensins (respiratory & GI tract)
Antimicrobial
Sufactants (lung) Opsonin
Biochemical Factors
Lysozymes
• 14kDa enzim merusak dinding sel bakteri.
• Bakteri Gram-Positive: Streptococci
• Bakteri Gram-Negative– Bakteri autolysins– Bakteri aggregasi– Blocking bakterial adherence– Inhibisi produksi asam
Biochemical Factors
Lactoferrin : Antiviral Activity• DNA and RNA viruses are susceptible
– CMV– HIV– HSV– HBV– HCV– Rotavirus– Respiratory syncytial virus
• Effective pada infeksi awal
Biochemical Factors
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI)• Epithelial cells• SLPI pertahanan mucosa:
– Inflammation– Menghambat pertumbuhan bacteria, fungi, virus– Meningkatkan penyembuhan luka
• SLPI menghambat infeksi HIV– Mechanism belum diketahui???
Biochemical Factors
Defensins
• 3-5kDa cationic peptides
• β-defensins-1, -2, -3, -4 dan α-defensin-5.
• Anti-viral activity
Anatomical Barriers - Biological Factors
System or Organ Component Mechanism
Skin and mucous membranes
Normal flora Antimicrobial substances
Competition for nutrients and colonization
Innate immunity/non-specific immunity First barrier to microorganism entry : Skin,Mucous membranes, pH,
temperature, Antimicrobial substances
Humoral Components
Component Mechanism
Complement Lysis of bacteria and some viruses
Opsonin
Increase in vascular permeability
Recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells
Coagulation system Increase vascular permeability
Recruitment of phagocytic cells
Β-lysin from platelets – a cationic detergent
Lactoferrin and transferrin
Compete with bacteria for iron
Lysozyme Breaks down bacterial cell walls
Cytokines Various effects
Cellular Components
Cell Functions
Neutrophils Phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Inflammation and tissue damage
Macrophages Phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Extracellular killing of infected or altered self targets
Tissue repair
Antigen presentation for specific immune response
NK and LAK cells Killing of virus-infected and altered self targets
Eosinophils Killing of certain parasites
Cellular Components
a) The phagocyte recognises and binds the microorganism
b) The microorganism is engulfed by the phagocyte
c) The microorganism is degraded inside the phagocyte
faal_imun/ikun/2006 22
THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE
Respon Imun
• Tanggapan sistem imun terhadap konfigurasi asing, setelah terjadi proses pengenalan oleh sel-sel limfosit.
• Berdasarkan mekanisme dan jenis efektor 2 kategori respon imun– Respon imun alami– Respon imun adaptif
Respon Imun Alami
• Respon imun alami : respon imun seluler dan respon imun humoral
• Mekanisme bersifat stereotipik dan tidak spesifik : setiap paparan antigen berlangsung proses yang sama secara berulang
Respon Imun Alami
• Tubuh terpapar oleh antigen asing terjadi mobilisasi unsur-unsur fagositik ketempat konfigurasi asing (respon imun seluler) menyusul adanya berbagai jenis kerusakan jaringan respon imun seluler sistemik : panas, komponen selular darah
Respon Imun Alami
• Respon imun humoral melibatkan bahan yang secara langsung menghadapi partikel atau patogen : sistem komplemen dan interferon
Respon Imun Adaptif
• Mekanisme bersifat spesifik : diperlukan sel khusus untuk menghadapi antigen
• Bila respon imun alami dalam upaya melenyapkan antigen tidak berhasil, maka dilanjutkan oleh respon imun adaptif sel fagosit (makrofag) bertindak sebagai APC dan dikenali oleh sel T dan mengaktivasi sel B
faal_imun/ikun/2006 33
Respons Imun
1. Respons imun alami nonspesifik- ada sejak lahir- tdk memiliki target tertentu- terjadi dalam beberapa menit – jam Reaksi inflamasi
faal_imun/ikun/2006 34
Respons Imun
2. Respons imun didapat spesifik- spesifik untuk jenis tertentu- respons thd paparan pertama terjadi dalam beberapa hari, paparan berikutnya lebih cepat
Hours Days
Time after infection
Complement
6 12 1 3 5
NK cells
Phagocytes
Epithelialbarriers
Microbe
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes Antibodies
Effector T cells
Adaptive immunityInnate immunity
0
Innate and adaptive immunity
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
Comparison of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
No memory
• No time lag
• Not antigen specific
• A lag period
• Antigen specific
• Development
of memory
Infection dan Immunity
infection immunity
Bolus of infection x virulenceimmunity
Disease =
• Menguntungkan:
• Proteksi diri
• Eliminasi
• Merugikan:
• Inflamasi
• Reaksi hypersensitivitas atau autoimun
Efek System Immune