POLITICAL LAW

POLITICAL LAW

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

1. Phil Con 87; New Features (1991)

2. Phil Con 87; People Power (1987)

3. Phil Con 87; People Power (2000)

4. Phil Con 87; People Power (2003)

5. Nature of the Constitution: Constitutional Supremacy (2004)

6. Government Presidential Form vs. Parliamentary Form (Q6-2006)

ARTICLE I National Territory

7. Archipelagic Doctrine (2009)

8. Archipelagic Doctrine (2013)

9. Archipelagic Doctrine (1989)

10. Contiguous Zone vs. Exclusive Economic Zone (2004)

11. Exclusive Economic Zone; Rights of the Coastal State (1994)

12. Exclusive Economic Zone; Rights of the Coastal State (Q1-2005)

13. Flag State vs. Flag of Convenience (2004)

14. Territory & Government (1996)

15. Territorial Sea vs. Internal Waters (2004)

ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

16. Armed Forces; Servant of the People (2003)

17. Doctrine of Incorporation; Constitutional Law (1997)

18. Doctrine of Incorporation; Pacta Sunt Servanda (2000)

19. Freedom from Nuclear Weapons; Foreign Military Bases (1988)

20. Philippine Flag (Q4-2006)

21. Principle of Civilian Supremacy (Q6-2006)

22. Defense of State (2009)

23. State Immunity from Suit (2013)

24. State Immunity from Suit (2013)

25. State Immunity from Suit (2009)

26. State Immunity from Suit (1991)

27. State Immunity from Suit (1996)

28. State Immunity from Suit (1989)

29. State Immunity from Suit (1994)

30. State Immunity from Suit (1992)

31. State Immunity from Suit (1999)

32. State Immunity from Suit (1999)

33. State Immunity from Suit (1987)

34. State Immunity vs. Waiver of Immunity (1997)

35. State Immunity from Suit (1993)

36. State Principles & Policies (1994) )

37. Transparency; Matters of Public Interest (1989)

38. Transparency; Matters of Public Interest (2000)

ARTICLE III Bill of Rights

39. Bill of Attainder (1987)

40. Bill of Attainder (1990)

41. Custodial Investigation; Extrajudicial Confession (2013)

42. Custodial Investigation; Extrajudicial Confession (2001)

43. Custodial Investigation; Extrajudicial Confession; Police Line-Up (1994)

44. Custodial Investigation; Police Line-Up (1997)

45. Custodial Investigation; Right to Counsel (1988)

46. Custodial Investigation; Right to Counsel (1993)

47. Custodial Investigation; Right to Counsel (2000)

48. Custodial Investigation; Right to Counsel; Receipt of Property Seized (2002)

49. Custodial Investigation; Rights (1990)

50. Custodial Investigation; Rights (1993)

51. Custodial Investigation; Rights (1996)

52. Eminent Domain; Public Purpose (2008)

53. Eminent Domain; Socialized Housing (2009)

54. Eminent Domain; Valid & Definite Offer (2010)

55. Equal Protection; Responsible Parenthood (2007)

56. Freedom of the Press; Prior Restraint (2009)

57. Freedom of Religion; Benevolent Neutrality Test (2009)

58. Freedom of Religion; Non-Establishment Clause (1997)

59. Freedom of Speech; Commercial Speech; Prohibitions (2007)

60. Freedom of Speech; Private Parties; Prior Restraint (2007)

61. Freedom of Speech; Symbolic Expression (2008)

62. Freedom of Speech; Ban on Tobacco Ad (1992)

63. Freedom of the Press; Actual Malice (2004)

64. Freedom of the Press; Wartime Censorship (1987)

65. Hierarchy of Civil Liberties; Freedom of Religion; Search & Seizure (2012)

66. Impairment Clause; Basic Human Rights (1992)

67. Involuntary Servitude (1993)

68. Liberty of Abode; Right to Travel (2012)

69. Liberty of Abode; Limitations (1998)

70. Liberty of Abode; Temporary (1996)

71. Non-Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Debt (1993)

72. Overbreadth Doctrine vs. Void for Vagueness (2012)

73. Overbreadth Doctrine vs. Void for Vagueness (2010)

74. Police Power; Abatement of Nuisance (2010)

75. Police Power; Prohibition of Gambling (2009)

76. Police Power; Abatement of Nuisance (2004)

77. Police Power; Ban on Tobacco Ad (1992)

78. Police Power; Zoning Ordinance vs. Non-Impairment of Contracts (1989)

79. Police Power; Zoning Ordinance vs. Non-Impairment of Contracts (2001)

80. Privacy of Communication (2009)

81. Privacy of Communication (2001)

82. Privacy of Correspondence (1998)

83. Privacy of Correspondence; Jail (1989)

84. Right to Assembly; Permit (2007)

85. Right to Assembly; Permit Application; Freedom Parks (Q2-2006)

86. Right to Assembly; Permit Requirements (1992)

87. Right to Assembly; Public Teachers (2000)

88. Right to Assembly; Public Teachers (2002)

89. Right to Information; Matters of Public Concern (2009)

90. Right to Travel; Order of Arrest (1991)

91. Rights of the Accused; Counsel of his Choice (Q8-2005)

92. Rights of the Accused; Presumption of Innocence vs. Presumption of Theft (2004)

93. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail (2009)

94. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Double Jeopardy (2008)

95. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail (1993)

96. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Capital Offense (Q4-2006)

97. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Deportation Case (1989)

98. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Matter of Right or a Matter of Discretion (Q7-

99. Rights of the Accused; Right to Counsel (2012)

100. Rights of the Accused; Right to Remain Silent (2013)

101. Rights of the Accused; Right to Speedy Trial (2000)

102. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (2010)

103. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (1988)

104. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (1990)

105. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (1992)

106. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (2000)

107. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (Q7-2006)

108. Right to Liberty; Presentability of Policemen (2008)

109. Searches and Seizure; Private Individuals (Q8-2005)

110. Searches and Seizures; Aliens (2001)

111. Searches and Seizures; Breathalyzer Test (1992)

112. Searches and Seizures; Immediate Control (1987)

113. Searches and Seizures; Incidental to Valid Search (1990)

114. Searches and Seizures; Place of Search (2001)

115. Searches and Seizures; search made by a private citizen (1993)

116. Searches and Seizures; search made by a private citizen (2002)

117. Searches and Seizures; Valid Warrantless Search (2000)

118. Searches and Seizures; Visual Search (1992)

119. Searches and Seizures; Waiver of Consent (1989)

120. Searches and Seizures; Warrantless Arrests (1993)

121. Searches and Seizures; Warrants of Arrest (1991)

122. Search and Seizure; Warrantless Search (2010)

123. Search and Seizure; Warrantless Arrest (2009)

124. Search and Seizure; Warrantless Arrest (2008)

ARTICLE IV Citizenship

125. Action for Cancellation; Prescription & Effect of Death (1994)

126. Citizenship; Elected Official (1993)

127. Dual Citizenship vs. Dual Allegiance (2009)

128. Dual Allegiance vs. Dual Citizenship (1987)

129. Freedom of Religion; Non-Establishment Clause (1997)

130. Freedom of Speech; Ban on Tobacco Ad (1992)

131. Freedom of the Press; Actual Malice (2004)

132. Freedom of the Press; Wartime Censorship (1987)

133. Impairment Clause; Basic Human Rights (1992)

134. Involuntary Servitude (1993)

135. Liberty of Abode; Limitations (1998)

136. Liberty of Abode; Temporary (1996)

137. Natural Born (2009)

138. Non-Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Debt (1993)

139. Police Power; Abatement of Nuisance (2004)

140. Police Power; Ban on Tobacco Ad (1992)

141. Police Power; Zoning Ordinance vs. Non-Impairment of Contracts (1989)

142. Police Power; Zoning Ordinance vs. Non-Impairment of Contracts (2001)

143. Privacy of Communication (2001)

144. Privacy of Correspondence (1998)

145. Privacy of Correspondence; Jail (1989)

146. Right to Assembly; Permit Application; Freedom Parks (Q2-2006)

147. Right to Assembly; Permit Requirements (1992)

148. Right to Assembly; Public Teachers (2000)

149. Right to Assembly; Public Teachers (2002)

150. Right to Travel; Order of Arrest (1991)

151. Rights of the Accused; Counsel of his Choice (Q8-2005)

152. Rights of the Accused; Presumption of Innocence vs. Presumption of Theft (2004)

153. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail (1993)

154. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Capital Offense (Q4-2006)

155. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Deportation Case (1989)

156. Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Matter of Right or a Matter of Discretion (Q7-2005)

157. Rights of the Accused; Right to Speedy Trial (2000)

158. Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (1988)

159. Dual Allegiance vs. Dual Citizenship (1988)

160. Dual Citizenship (1994)

161. Effect of Marriage; Filipino (1989)

162. Effect of Oath of Allegiance (2004)

163. Effect of Repatriation (1999)

164. Effect of Repatriation (2002)

165. Effect of Repatriation (2003)

166. Effects of Marriages (1999)

167. Effects of Philippine Bill of 1902 (2001)

168. Elected Official (1992)

169. Electing Philippine Citizenship (Q8-2006)

170. Electing Philippine Citizenship; When Proper (Q8-2006)

171. Natural Born Filipino (1989)

172. Natural Born Filipino (1998)

173. Natural-Born Filipino(1993)

174. Naturalization; Cancellation of Citizenship (1998)

175. Residency Requirements; Elective Official (Q9-2005)

176. Status; Illegitimate Child (1990)

177. Status; Illegitimate Child; Dual Citizenship (1996)

178. Status; Legitimate Child (2003)

179. Ways of Reacquiring Citizenship (2000)

ARTICLE VI Legislative Department

180. Appropriation of Public Funds (1988)

181. Appropriation of Public Funds; Debt Servicing (1992)

182. Appropriation of Public Funds; Public Purposes (1988)

183. Commission on Appointments (2002)

184. Delegation of Powers (2002)

185. Delegation of Powers; (Q6-2005)

186. Delegation of Powers; Completeness Test; Sufficient Standard Test (Q6-2005)

187. Discipline; Members of Congress (2013)

188. Discipline; Modes of Removal (1993)

189. Discipline; Suspension of a Member of the Congress (2002)

190. Doctrine of Operative Fact (2010)

191. Doctrine of Necessary Implication; Hold-over (2010)

192. Elected Official; De Facto Officer (2004)

193. Electoral Tribunal; SET; PET Jurisdiction (2012)

194. Investigations in Aid of Legislation (2009)

195. Investigations in Aid of Legislation; Executive Privilege (2010)

196. Law-Making; Abolish; Destroy (2008)

197. Law-Making; Admission to the Bar (2009)

198. Law-Making; Conflict of Interest (2010)

199. Law-Making; Item vs. Pocket Veto (2010)

200. Law-Making; Oversight Committee (2010)

201. Party-list Representative; Formula allocation (2007)

202. Party-List; Foreign Funding (2010)

203. Prohibitions and Inhibitions of Public Office (2004)

204. Qualifications; Congressmen (1988)

205. Qualifications; Congressmen; (1993)

206. Qualifications; Congressmen; (1999)

207. Separation of Powers (1988)

208. Separation of Powers (2003)

209. Three-Term Limit: Congressmen (1996)

210. Three-Term Limit; Congressmen (2001)

ARTICLE VII Executive Department

211. Appointing Power; Acting Appointments (2013)

212. Appointing Power; Ad-Interim Appointments (2010)

213. Appointing Power; Acting vs. Permanent Appointment (2003)

214. Appointing Power; ad interim appointments (1991)

215. Appointing Power; Ad Interim Appointments (1994)

216. Appointing Power; Appointments Requiring Confirmation; RA 6975-Unconstitutional (2002)

217. Appointing Power; Categories of Officials (1999)

218. Appointing Power; Kinds of Appointments (1994)

219. Appointing Power; Limitations on Presidential Appointments (1997)

220. Appointing Powers; Ad Interim Appointments (Q4-2005)

221. Cabinet Members; limitation on accepting additional duties (1996)

222. Calling-out Power; President (Q1-2006)

223. Control Power (2009)

224. Control Power; Foreign Relations (2010)

225. Declaration; State of National Emergency (2010)

226. Enter into Executive Agreement; Treaty Abrogation (2008)

227. Enter into Treaty (2010)

228. Declaration; State of Calamity; Legal Effects (Q1-2005)

229. Declaration; State of National Emergency (Q1-2006)

230. Enter into Contract or Guarantee Foreign Loans (1994)

231. Enter into Contract or Guarantee Foreign Loans (1999)

232. Enter into Executive Agreements (2003)

233. Impose Tariff Rates, Import and Export Quotas (1999)

234. Martial Law & Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus (1987)

235. Martial Law; Limitations (2000)

236. Martial Law; Sufficiency of the Factual Basis (Q3-2006)

237. Pardoning Power: Executive Clemency (2008)

238. Pardoning Power; Amnesty (1993)

239. Pardoning Power; Amnesty (1995)

240. Pardoning Power; Breach of Condition; Revocation (Q5-2005)

241. Pardoning Power; Exec Clemency; Pardon (1995)

242. Pardoning Power; Executive Clemency (1997)

243. Pardoning Power; Executive Clemency (1999)

244. Pardoning Power; Kinds (1988)

245. Pardoning Power; Pardon, Conditional (1997) 97

246. President; Participation; Legislative Process (1996)

247. Privilege; Presidential Communications vs. Deliberative Process (2010)

248. Presidential Immunity from Suit (1997)

249. Prohibition Against Multiple Positions & Additional Compensation (2002)

250. Prohibition against Multiple Positions by Govt Officials (1987)

251. Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus (1997)

ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department

252.

253. Cases to be Heard En Banc; Supreme Court (1999)

254. Department; Writ of Amparo (1991)

255. Judicial Department; Judicial Service (2013)

256. Judicial Department; Writ of Amparo (2013)

257. Judicial Independence; Safeguard (2000)

258. Judicial Power; Legal Standing (2010)

259. Judicial Power; Trial by Jury (2013)

260. Judicial Power; Trial by Jury (2008)

261. Judicial Power (1989)

262. Judicial Power (1992)

263. Judicial Power (1998)

264. Judicial Power; Scope (1994)

265. Judicial Review; Locus Standi (1992)

266. Judicial Review; Requisites (1994)

267. Jurisdiction of HLURB (1993)

268. Mandatory Period For Deciding Cases (1989)

269. Presidential Electoral Tribunal; Judicial Power (2012)

270. Political Question (1995)

271. Political Question Doctrine (1997)

272. Political Question: Separation of Powers (2004)

273. Political Question; To Settle Actual Controversies (2004)

274. Political Questions (1988)

275. Pro Hac Vice Cases (1999)

276. Removal of Lower Court Judges (1993)

277. Review Executive Acts (1996)

278. Supervision; Courts and its Personnel; Ombudsmans Jurisdiction (2012)

279. Supervision; Courts & its Personnel (Q5-2005)

280. Taxpayer's Suit; Locus Standi (1995)

281. Term of Office; Justices (1996)

282. Votes required for declaring a law unconstitutional (1996)

ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions

283. Rotational Scheme (2010)

284. Rotational Scheme (1999)

285. Constitutional Commissions & Council (Q7-2006)

ARTICLE IX Civil Service Commission

286. Appointment; Relatives (2008)

Appointment; Relatives (2010)

287. Career Service; Characteristics (1999)

288. Civil Service Commission vs. COA (2004)

289. De Facto Officer (2010)

290. De Facto Officer; Salary Entitlement (2009)

291. Discretionary Duty of a Public Officer (2010)

292. Function of CSC (1994)

293. GOCCs Without Original Charter vs. GOCCs With Original Charter (1998)

294. Jurisdiction over the GOCCs (1999)

295. Jurisdiction over the GOCCs (2003)

296. Modes of Removal from Office (1993)

297. Oath or Affirmation (2007)

298. Receiving of Indirect Compensation (1997)

299. Security of Tenure (2010)

300. Security of Tenure (1988)

301. Security of Tenure (Q5-2005)

302. Security of Tenure; Meaning (1999)

ARTICLE IX COMELEC

303. Commission En Banc; Jurisdiction (2012)

304. Election Protest; Substitution; Quo Warranto (2009)

305. Electoral Tribunal; Functions & Composition (Q5-2006)

306. Fair Election; Equal Space & Time in Media (1989)

307. Grant of Pardon to Election Offenses (2010)

308. Grant of Pardon in Election Offenses (1991)

309. Judicial Review of Decisions (2001)

310. Pre-Proclamation Contest (2008)

311. Removal from Office; Commissioners (1998)

312. Right to Vote; Jurisdiction (2001)

313. Three Term Limit; Contest; Substitution (2008)

314. Vacancy: Succession; Recall (2010)

315. Vacancy: Sangguniang Panlalawigan (2008)

316. Election Laws.

317. 2nd Placer Rule (2003)

318. 2nd Placer Rule (1990)

319. 2nd Placer Rule; in Quo Warranto Cases (1992)

320. 2nd Placer Rule; Rule of Succession (1996)

321. Appreciation of Ballots (1994)

322. Disqualification; Grounds (1991)

323. Disqualifications (1999)

324. Effect of Filing of Certificate of Candidacy; Appointive Officer vs. Elective Officer (2002)

325. Effect of Filing of Certificate of Candidacy; Fair Election Act (2003)

326. Election Offenses; Conspiracy to Bribe Voters (1991)

327. Election Protest (1990)

328. Election Protest vs. Quo Warranto (2001)

329. Election Protest vs. Quo Warranto (Q5-2006)

330. Election Protest; Jurisdiction (1996)

331. Expiration of term bars service thereof (2000)

332. Petition to Declare Failure of Elections; Requisites & Effects (1995)

333. Pre-Proclamation Contest (1987)

334. Pre-Proclamation Contest (1988)

335. Pre-Proclamation Contest vs. Election Contests (1997)

336. Pre-Proclamation Contest; Proper Issues (1996)

337. Process; Illiterate Voters (1987)

338. Process; Principle of Idem Sonans (1994)

339. Process; Stray Ballot (1994)

340. Recall (2002)

341. Three-Term Limit Rule (2001)

342. Three-Term Limit; from Municipality to Newly-Created City (Q9-2005)

343. Vacancy; Effect of Vice-Mayor Acting as Mayor (2002)

344. Vacancy; Rule of Succession (1995)

345. Vacancy; SB; Rule on Succession (2002)

ARTICLE IX Commission on Audit

346. COA; Jurisdiction (2001)

347. COA; Money Claims (1998)

ARTICLE X Local Government

348. Appointment of Budget Officer; control vs. supervision (1999)

349. Boundary Dispute Resolution; LGU; RTC (2010)

350. Boundary Dispute Resolution; LGU; RTCs Jurisdiction (Q10-2005)

351. Boundary Dispute Settlement; Authority; Jurisdiction (1999)

352. Confiscation of Drivers License; MMDA (2010)

353. Creation of New Local Government Units; Plebiscite Requirement (2004)

354. De Facto Public Corporations; Effect (2004)

355. Devolution of Power (1999)

356. Franchise; prior approval of LGU necessary (1988)

357. Internal Revenue Allotment Fund (2007)

358. Municipal Corporation; De facto vs. Estoppel (2010)

359. Law fixing the terms of local elective officials (Q4-2006)

360. Ordinance Validity; Regulation of Disco Pubs (2010)

361. Ordinance Validity; Disapproval (2009)

362. Ordinance; Use & Lease of Properties; Public Use (1997)

363. Ordinance; Validity; Closure or Lease of Properties for Public Use (2003)

364. Ordinance; Validity; Compensation; Tortuous Act of an Employee (1994)

365. Ordinance; Validity; Local Taxation vs. Special Assessment (1987)

366. Ordinance; Validity; Preventing Immorality (1987)

367. Ordinance; Validity; Utilization & Development; National Wealth (1991)

368. Ordinances; Validity; Amending Natl Laws (1988)

369. Ordinances; Validity; Gambling Prohibition (1995)

370. Ordinances; Validity; Limitation of Penalties (1991)

371. Ordinances; Veto Power (1996)

372. Police Power; LLDA (1995)

373. Power to Issue Subpoena & Cite For Contempt (1993)

374. Power; Eminent Domain; LGU; Right to Exercise (Q10-2005)

375. Powers of Barangay Assembly (2003)

376. Powers; Liga ng mga Barangay (2003)

377. Reclassification of Land (2010)

378. Requisites; Contracts Involving LGU (1991)

379. Requisites; Contracts involving LGU (1995)

380. Taxation; GOCC Liability For Real Estate Tax (1999)

381. Taxation; Sources of Revenue (1999)

382. Withdrawal of Public Property from Public Use (1990)

ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers

383. Abandonment of Office (2000)

384. Discipline; Clemency; Doctrine of Condonation (2000)

385. Discipline; Effect of Pardon Granted in Favor of Public Officers (1999)

386. Discipline; Preventive Suspension (2009)

387. Discipline; Preventive Suspension & Appeal; entitlement to salary pendente (2001)

388. Discipline; Preventive Suspension (1990)

389. Discipline; Preventive Suspension (2002)

390. Elective and Appointive Officials: disciplinary authority (2004)

391. Elective Public Officer; De Facto Officer (2000)

392. Elective Public Officers; De Facto Officer; effects (2004)

393. Graft and Corruption; Prescription of Crime (2002)

394. Impeachment; Grounds (2013)

395. Impeachment; Purpose; Grounds (2012)

396. Impeachment; Cronyism (2000)

397. Impeachment; Grounds (1999)

398. Impeachment; Nature; Grounds; PD 1606 (1988)

399. Law of Public Officers; Next-in-Rank Rule (1994)

400. Liability For Damages in Performance of Official Functions (1990)

401. Local Elective Officials; Limitations On Additional Duties (1995)

402. Ombudsman; Power to Impose Penalties (2009)

403. Ombudsman: Power to Suspend; Preventive Suspension (2004)

404. Ombudsman; Power to Investigate (2003)

405. Ombudsman; Power to Suspend; Preventive Suspension (1996)

406. Power to Issue Subpoena; validity of delegation (1989)

407. Prohibition On Elective Officer to Hold Public Office (2002)

408. Public Office; Public Trust (1998)

409. Retirement Benefits (1996)

ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony

410. Acquisition and Lease of Public Lands (1998)

411. Acquisition of Lands (2009)

412. Acquisition of Lands (1987)

413. Acquisition of Lands (2000)

414. Acquisition of Lands by Hereditary Succession (2002)

415. Acquisition of Lands; Citizenship issue (1989)

416. Acquisition of Lands; Citizenship issue (1994)

417. Acquisition of Lands; Citizenship issue (1995)

418. Acquisition of Lands; Prohibition; acquisition of private lands by aliens (1994)

419. Citizenship Requirement in Management of Advertising Industry (1989)

420. Engagement in Business & Exercise of Profession (1987)

421. Exploration and Development of Minerals (1994)

422. Expropriation of Public Utilities (1992)

423. Lease of Private Agricultural Lands (2001)

424. National Economy & Patrimony; Constitutional Prohibition (2004)

425. National Patrimony; definition (1999

426. Agrarian Reform Law; Coverage (1992)

427. Commission on Human Rights; Power to investigate (1992)

428. Commission on Human Rights; Power to issue TRO (1997)

429. Commission on Human Rights; Power to issue TRO (2001)

430. Commission on Human Rights; Power; Limitations (Q4-2005)

431. Labor; Right to Self-Organization (1988)

432. Labor; Right to Strike (1988)

433. Labor; Right to Strike (1993)

434. Social Justice under the Present Constitution (1995)

435. Women (2000)

ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts

436. Education; Academic Freedom (2013)

437. Education; Study of Religion (2008)

438. Education; Academic Freedom (2008)

439. Education; Academic Freedom (2007)

440. Education: Communication and Instruction (2007)

441. Education; Teaching of Religion (2010)

442. Education; Foreign Ownership (2009)

443. Education: Scholarship Grants (2007)

444. Education; Academic Freedom (1987)

445. Education; Academic Freedom (1989)

446. Education; Academic Freedom (1993)

447. Education; Academic Freedom; Extent (1999)

448. Education; Alien Enrollees & Donors (1999)

449. Education; Duties of State in Re Education (1999)

450. Education; Flag Salute (1987)

451. Education; Right to Choose Profession (2000)

452. Education; Right to Quality Education (2003)

453. Education; Teaching of Religion (1999)

454. Education; Validity of Academic Requirements (1994)

ARTICLE XVI General Provisions

455. General Provisions; Local Dialect (1987)

456. AFP; limitation on accepting additional duties (1996)

457. National Anthem (2009)

ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions

458. Peoples Initiative (2004)

459. Amendments (2007)

460. Amendments; Peoples Initiative (2009)

461. Amendments and Revisions; Modes (1997)

462. REFERENDUM vs. INITIATIVE (Q1-2005)

ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions

463. Transitory Provisions; Foreign Military Bases (1996)

464. Transitory Provisions; Foreign Military Bases (1988)

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

465. Basic Principles; Reparation (2007)

466. Basic Principles in Public Intl Law (1991)

467. Concept of Association (2010)

468. Constitutive Theory vs. Declaratory Theory (2004)

469. Contiguous Zone vs. Exclusive Economic Zone (2004)

470. Diplomatic Immunity (2000)

471. Diplomatic Immunity (2001)

472. Diplomatic Immunity (2003)

473. Diplomatic Immunity (2004)

474. Diplomatic Immunity; Ambassador (Q3-2005)

475. Diplomatic Immunity; Ambassadors (1990)

476. Diplomatic Immunity; Coverage (Q3-2005)

477. Extradition: Double Criminality (2007)

478. Extradition; Retroactive Application (Q2-2005)

479. Flag State vs. Flag of Convenience (2004)

480. Genocide (2010)

481. Genocide (1988)

482. Hard Law vs. Soft Law (2008)

483. Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights (2007)

484. Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights; Freedom from Torture (2010)

485. Human Rights (1999)

486. Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights (1992)

487. Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights (1996)

488. Intl Court of Justice vs. Intl Criminal Court (2010)

489. International Law Violation; Treaty (2008)

490. Intl Court of Justice; Jurisdiction Over States

491. Intl Court of Justice; Jurisdiction Over States (1994)

492. Intl Court of Justice; Limitations On Jurisdiction (1999)

493. Intl Court of Justice; Parties; Pleadings and Oral Argument (1994)

494. International Convention; Law of the Sea (2004)

495. International Court of Justice (Q9-2006)

496. International Law vs. Municipal Law; Territorial Principle; International Crimes (Q2-2005)

497. Mandates and Trust Territories (2003)

498. Municipal Law vs. International Law (2003)

499. Neutrality of States (1988)

500. Opinio Juris (2012)

501. Opinio Juris (2008)

502. Outer Space; Jurisdiction (2003)

503. Principle of Attribution or Imputation (2010)

504. Principle of Auto-Limitation (2009)

505. Principle of Auto-Limitation (Q10-2006)

506. Reciprocity v. Principle of Auto-Limitation (Q10-2006)

507. Recognition of States; De Facto vs. De Jure Recognition (1998)

508. Reparations Agreement; Validity (1992)

509. Retorsion (2010)

510. Right to Innocent Passage (1999)

511. Right to Transit and Innocent Passage (2004)

512. Rights and Obligation under UN Charter (1991)

513. Sources of International Law; Primary & Subsidiary Sources (2003)

514. Sovereign Immunity of States; Absolute vs. Restrictive (1998)

515. Sovereignty of States; Natural Use of Territory (1989)

516. Sovereignty; Definition; Nature (Q10-2006)

517. State Liabilities (1995)

518. State Sovereignty; Effective Occupation; Terra Nullius (2000)

519. Stateless Persons; Effects; Status; Rights (1995)

520. Territorial Sea vs. Internal Waters (2004)

521. Use of Force; Self-Defense (2009)

522. Use of Force; Exceptions (2003)

523. Use of Force; Principle of Non-Intervention (1994)

524. Use of Force; Right of Self-defense (2002)

525. Use of Force; Self-Defense; Waging War (1998)

526. Use of Force; When allowed (1988)

527. Verbal Agreement; Source of Intl Law (2012)

528. War; Combatants/ Prisoners of War vs. Mercenaries (1993)

529. Wilson doctrine vs. Estrada doctrine (2004)

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

530. Admin Law; Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies (1991)

531. Admin Law; Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies (2000)

532. Admin Law; Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies vs. Doctrine of Primary

533. Jurisdiction (1996)

534. Admin Law; Rules and Regulations; Due Process (2000)

535. Government Agency vs. Government Instrumentality (Q7-2005)

536. Quasi-Judicial Body or Agency (Q5-2006)

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