MARKING SCHEME :CLASS-X(2017-18)

(SOCIAL SCIENCE) (PT-3)

Ans1. At Nagpur in December 1920

Ans2. Indulekha Or Martin Luther

Ans3.Jowar

Ans4. Kansi Ram

Ans5. Currency, Plastic money ,Demand deposits ,

Ans 6. Hallmark

Ans7. Rs 20 lakh

Ans8. The Greek War of Independence mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated class inEurope. Since the 15th century the Ottoman Empire had made Greece its territory. In 1821 theGreeks struggled against this and a nationalist movement began. Exiled Greeks and many WestEuropeans who admired ancient Greek culture supported the Greek nationalists. Poets andartists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion tosupport its struggle against a Muslim empire. After the war, the Treaty of Constantinople wassigned in 1832. It recognised Greece as an independent nation. 3

OR(i) French troops landed in Vietnam in1858(ii) By mid 1880s , they had established a firm grip over the northern region.(iii) After the Franco Indo- China was formed.

Ans9. Works of Premchand lifted the Hindi novel from the realm of fantasy, moralising and simpleentertainment to a serious reflection on the lives of ordinary people and social issues. His novelSevasadandeals mainly with conditions of women, child marriage and dowry. His novelGodantells the story of a poor peasant Hori, how he was exploited by the zamindar,moneylender and officials. 3 ORAns .(i) Paper from China (ii) Role of travelers and exporers

(iv) Woodblock printing (v) Johann Gutenberg and the First Press.

Ans10. Regulating and damaging of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow andexcessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir. Large reservoirs submerge large tracts of

forests, flora and fauna. They also submerge soil leading to its decomposition over a periodof time.

Ans11. Energy needs of the country is tremendously increasing with the growth of economy. It istherefore needed to conserve energy resources. The two ways of conserve energy resources areas follows :(i) promotion of energy conservation(ii) increased use of renewable energy sources.

Ans12. It is not only that caste influences politics but politics also affects the caste system. This takesthe following forms :(i) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castesor sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.(ii) Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes and thus enterinto a dialogue.(iii) New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like ‘backward’ and‘forward’ caste groups

Ans13. In India, the multi-party system has allowed various parties to come together in a coalition.Several parties have joined hands in elections to contest and win power. For example, in India,there have been three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections – the NationalDemocratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front. These alliances mayappear messy or unstable but they have allowed a variety of interests and opinions to enjoypolitical representation.

Ans 14.(i)Challenge of democratic rights .(ii) challenge of free and fair election

(iii)Challenges of decentralization. (vi) Challenge of accommodating diversity.

Ans15. Impacts of globalization in India are as follows :(a) It improves the productivity and efficiency in the use of resources through the process ofcompetition.(b) Growth rate of economy has gone up with the increase in foreign investment and foreigntechnology in India.(c) It allows the consumers to enjoy a wider range of goods and services at a lower cost.

Ans16. Economic liberalisation means reducing government interference in economic activities andremoving trade and business barriers.Liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process in thefollowing ways :(a) Businesses are free to make decisions for foreign import and export.(b) Foreign companies could easily set up factories and industries in a country afterLiberalization

Ans17. (i) There is a need for rules and regulations to protect the consumers from unfair trade

practices. For example –A shopkeeper weighs less than the actual quantity and charges more.(ii) In order to make high profit, some manufacturers of oil, ghee, butter, khoya etc. stoop toadulteration. Such things prove very injurious to the health of the customers. Hence, rulesand regulations protect the consumers from such unethical trade practices .

Ans18. Duties of the consumers are as follows :(i) Consumer should purchase quality marked products such as ISI, Agmark etc. and take thewarranty card, if possible.(ii) Consumer should ask for cash memo for items purchased.(iii) Consumer should make complaints for the genuine grievances.

Ans19. His idea was very simple. The British were ruling India because the people had allowed themto do and cooperated with them. They had survived because the Indians did not throw them out.If the Indians refused to cooperate with the British, their rule would collapse and India wouldwin active “Swaraj.”He wanted the movement to unfold in stages and take various steps one by one. First was thesurrender of all titles granted by the government, second, to boycott all services under thegovernment — civil, police and the army. Next was to boycott the courts and the LegislativeCouncils. If the government used repressive measures, then a full civil disobedience campaignwas to be launched. This programme was launched in 1920 and lasted for two years.

Ans20. The effects of colonialism in Indian agriculture was the destruction of self-sufficiency in rural areas. Some of the important features are listed below:(i) The traditional cotton handlooms and products could not compete with the industrialmanufactured cotton textiles from Britain.(ii) High tariff on Indian textiles and import taxes on Indian goods entering Britain severelyaffected Indian farmers.(iii) Indigo plantation and other cash crops replaced food crops, leading to shortage of food,especially during famines, etc.(iv) Moneylenders and landlords exploited farmers who were indebted to them and manybecame landless labourers OR

(i) Expensive new technology(ii) Costlier repair (iii) Less effective (iv) Availability of cheap workers(v) Uniform machine –made goods

OR(i) Seasonal Work(ii) Low wages(iii) Women workers (iv) Problem of Housing (v) Source of Fun and leisure

Ans21. Wheat is the main food crop in north and north-western part of the country.The geographical conditions favourable for growth of wheat are as follows :(1) Temperature :Wheat is a rabi crop and requires a cool growing season. Averagetemperature should be between 10°C to 15°C at the time of sowing, but highertemperatures and bright sunshine is required at the time of harvesting for proper ripeningof grains.(2) Rainfall :Wheat requires moderate rainfall of 50 to 75 cm annually, evenly distributedover the growing season. A little winter rain before ripening helps in increasing the yield.(3) Soil. Deep alluvial clayey soils of Northern Plains and even black soil of Deccan aresuited for growth of wheat.There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in thenorth-west and black soil region of the Deccan. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh are the major wheat growing states.

Ans 22. (i) Roads require less investment o the railways .(ii) These can be built at higher altitude and at any place.(iii)Road transportations is easy and is within the reach of the common man.

(vii) Maintenance cost is also low.(viii) Road transportation has the merit of offering door to door service

Ans23. (i) In a federation, there are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.(ii) Different levels of government govern the same citizens, but the subjects over which theycan make laws are clearly specified in the three lists—Union, State and Concurrent.(iii) The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be amended unilaterally by any onelevel of government. They have to be approved by both the levels of the government.(iv) In case of a dispute between the different levels of government in the exercise of theirpowers, the courts interpret the Constitution to decide upon the dispute.(v)Any other relevant points.

Ans.24.Laws made to regulate internal politics:1. It should be compulsory to maintain a register of its members.2. hold independent inquiry in case of a party dispute.3.hold open elections to top party posts. 4.It should be mandatory to give 1/3 party tickets to women candidates. There should be aquota for women in decision making bodies.5.The government or the state should help parties during elections by funding them.Expenses for petrol, paper, telephone etc. given.

6. Cash can be given on the basis of votes secured by the party in the last elections.

Ans 25. . Formal Sources Informal Sources1. Formal sources of credit are loans from banksand cooperative societies.1. Informal sources of credit are money lenders, traders, employers, relatives,friends etc.2. Functioning of formal sources of credit is periodically checked by RBI. 2. There is no organization that manages orgoverned by Reserve Bank of India. Their check the credit activities performed byinterest rate and money lending details are informal sources.3. Rate of interest is common and fixed for all 3. Rate of interest depends upon the choiceformal sources and borrowers. of moneylenders.4. Formal sources of credit needs to satisfy all 4. Informal sources of credit are flexible inthe terms of credit before credit, activities. terms of credit.5. They provide cheap and affordable credit 5. They generally charge higher rate offor both urban and rural borrowers interest.Ans 26