l5-cargo gears (part 2)

obs/2009 1

1. Identify various cargo slings & know theiruses

2. Know the rigging of :‐ single swinging derrick‐ union purchase rig‐ gun tackleY Y

CARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

‐ Yo‐Yo gear‐ ship’s crane

3. State limitation of union purchase rig4. State care & maintenance of derricks5. State requirements for testing of derricks &

cranes

1obs/2009

Single Swinging DerrickSingle Swinging Derrick• Derrick is basically a boom swivelling at its base

and supported at the head by a topping lift.• Near the head is the spider band on which is

attached :• ‐ the lower span block of the topping lift• ‐ slewing guys• ‐ head block


head block• Guys are used to make the derrick swing or to

prevent it from swinging.• Wire from a winch is rove through blocks at the

heel and head of the derrick and then shackledon to a cargo hook

• Preventer guys are used only for the unionpurchase system and are always on the outboardside.

2obs/2009

• The hauling part of the topping lift is wound roundthe drum of a special type of wire reel.

• A hinged pawl bar engaging on the ratchet-toothedside of the reel prevents it from slacking-off.

• The wire reel has another small wire drum fixed tothe side of the main drum.

• When it is required to top up or lower the derrick,

Single Swinging DerrickSingle Swinging DerrickCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

the weight is taken off the pawl bar by means of abull wire taken round the warping barrel of thecargo winch.

• The pawl bar is held lifted in the event of thederrick being lowered.

• The topping lift is wound around a drum or wirereel which has its own motor and therefore can beelectrically controlled by the winchman alone.

3obs/2009

obs/2009 2

Jumbo DerrickJumbo DerrickCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

4obs/2009

Plate ClampPlate Clamp

Tumbler

SINGLE SWINGING SINGLE SWINGING DERRICKDERRICK

5obs/2009

Union Purchase SystemUnion Purchase System

• Most common in use on general cargovessel

• Often referred to as “married gear”• Combination of two derricks :

• one plumbed over hatch and one


one plumbed over hatch and oneashore

• coupled or joined by a union hook• worked in conjunction with each

other

6obs/2009

obs/2009 3

• Have a preventer guy on its outboard side inaddition to other two guys, because of theheavy cross pull on the derricks when theweight is being transferred. Also known asstanding guy, they are set up tighter than theslewing guy.

• Each cargo boom is joined to vertical mast ort b i l fitti k k

Union Purchase SystemUnion Purchase SystemCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

post by a swivel fitting known as a gooseneck• Up and down or luffing movement of theboom is carried out by a topping lift/spantackle

• Horizontal or athwartship movement ‐controlled by slewing guy

• Two booms are linked by schooner guy

7obs/2009

Union Purchase SystemCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

8obs/2009

• A cargo wire or runner, from each boom isjoined by a three‐way swivel which is knownas a union hook

• Operations ‐ cargo lifted by one derrick to

Union Purchase SystemUnion Purchase System


Operations cargo lifted by one derrick tothe necessary height, and then slackened onone runner and hauling on the other, easedover until it is under the other derrick whenit can be lowered on the hold or quay.

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obs/2009 4


10obs/2009

Advantages• Fastest method for discharging break bulk,non ‐unitized general cargo

Disadvantages• Used for light loads (1 5 to 2 tonnes per


• Used for light loads (1.5 to 2 tonnes perload)

• Winch men must be highly skilled andexperienced

• Cannot be used for “spot loading”• Repositioning the derrick is timeconsuming

11obs/2009

• The following criteria must be complied withat all times:

• The minimum operating angle of eitherderrick should be not less than 15˚ to thehorizontal, and it is recommended that theangle be not less than 30˚.

Union Purchase System: Union Purchase System: PrPrecautionecautionCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

30

15

Minimum 30 Recommended

Max. 120Cargo runner

Normal <90

12obs/2009

obs/2009 5

• The maximum included angle between thecargo runners must not exceed 120˚.

• The derrick should be topped as high aspracticable consistent with safe working.

• The cargo sling should be kept as short aspossible so as to clear the bulwarks without theangle between runners exceeding the safe limits

Union Purchase System: Union Purchase System: PrPrecautionsecautionsCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

angle between runners exceeding the safe limits(90˚‐120˚).

• The derricks should not be rigged further apart than is absolute necessary.

• The tensions should taken off the slewing guys when the rig is set up. Only the preventer guys should be taken into account in the calculation for forces in the rig.

13obs/2009

• Code of Safe Working Practices recommendsthat “where derricks have not been markedwith SWL :• loads should not be excess of one‐third of

the SWL of the derrickl d di f th i h i

Union Purchase System: Union Purchase System: PrPrecautionsecautions


• load diagrams for the union purchase rigshould be consulted

• max SWL of the rig should never exceedthe SWL of the cargo runner and a goodsafety factor would be to lift a max weightequal to 75% of the runner SWL.

14obs/2009

• Unduly long slings should not be used bystevedores.

• The standing guy (outboard) of the boomwhich is over the side should not be placed toofar back as this will increase the possibility ofthe boom “jack‐knifing”.

• The winch operators should wind in pay out in

Union Purchase System: Union Purchase System: PrPrecautionsecautionsCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

p p ystep, otherwise dangerous tensions maydevelop in the rig.

• Narrow angles between derricks and outboardguys and between outboard guys and thevertical should be avoided.

• Inboard derrick guys and preventer should besecured as nearly as possible at angle of 90˚ tothe derrick.

15obs/2009

obs/2009 6

• The standing guy should not be secured to thesame eye plate on the spider band to which theslewing guy is secured.

• Runners should not permitted to rub againsthatch coamings or other structural members asit will quickly render them unfit for service

Union Purchase System: Union Purchase System: PrPrecautionsecautions


it will quickly render them unfit for service.• Eyes on shackles lug should mouse with seizing

wire to prevent lug from working loose.• Heel block secured additionally with light chain

or wire so that block does not drop when theload is taken off the runner

16obs/2009

Ship’s Lifting EquipmentsShip’s Lifting Equipments(Cargo Gears)(Cargo Gears)

• Care and maintenance for derricks.• Derricks should be stripped and all its gearsthoroughly overhauled

• Topping lifts, runners and guy pendants to oil


pp g , g y pand grease

• Shackled pins, gooseneck should be greased• When re‐rigging, the correct tested shacklesare to be returned to the proper positions

• All split pins should be renewed

17obs/2009

Ship’s Lifting EquipmentsShip’s Lifting Equipments(Cargo Gears)(Cargo Gears)

• All guy ropes should be closely examined andrenewed wherever signs of excessive wear,chafe or damage are apparent

• A chain or wire preventer secured to the heelblock

• Ensure runner guides fixed at intervals are


Ensure runner guides fixed at intervals areable to rotate freely

• All necessary wires should be flaked out• Inspect all lift wire end on drum (winch) aresecured firmly

• Derrick should be raised or lowered at aspeed consistent with the safe handling of theguys

18obs/2009

obs/2009 7

Doubling UpDoubling UpDoubling up spider band

Doubling whip(effectively making a gun tackle)

Spider band

Derrick

Doubling up by means ofsecond spider band

10t

5t

5t

5t


The cargo runner of a derrick may bedouble up when it is desired to make a liftwhich the rig is capable of handling safelybut which exceeds the SWL of the cargorunner when rigged as a single whip.

19obs/2009

YOYO‐‐YO GearYO Gear

Derrick 1 Derrick 2

Gun tackle

StropFloating blockHook

SWL of the derrick may be exceeded

SWL 10tSWL 10t

20

5τ


• With a Yo‐Yo rig, the weight lifted may go up to nearlytwice the SWL of the smaller derricks, if two derricks of differing SWLs are used.

• Above, Yo‐Yo rig uses the two inshore derricks each with a gun tackle, and moving block with cargo hook attached.

• Both derricks are slewed towards the quayside with headsas close together as practicable.

HookLoad 20t

20obs/2009

Patent Derrick SystemsPatent Derrick Systems

• Why several patent derrick system evolved ?

• Mainly to overcome the disadvantages of thebasic swinging or slewing derrick.

• Single swinging derrick has disadvantage of


Single swinging derrick has disadvantage oftheir guys making a too small angle with thederrick when it is swung out to the extremeend, increasing the thrust on the derrick whenthe guys are heaved, also the load on thetopping span.

21obs/2009

obs/2009 8

Patent Derrick SystemsPatent Derrick SystemsMost patent derricks have similar basiccharactistics :• Twin topping lift/slewing guy principle is usedwhich gives good control of a single derrick.

• Capable of handling heavier loads and reducesstresses encountered than the union purchasesystem


system.• Combined slewing and topping tackles.• Very good spot loading facilities‐ set down inmost position.

• High degree of centralized control with oneman operation

• Derrick is rigged at all times and quickly bebrought into operation.

22obs/2009

Ship’s CraneShip’s CraneCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

• One crane driver is required to work the falls,topping lift and the slewing of the crane

• Excellent spotting facilities• Ideal for the handling of long bulky parcels ofcargo such as pipes

23obs/2009

Ship’s CraneShip’s CraneCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARSCARGO GEARS

24obs/2009

obs/2009 9

Crane over DerricksAdvantages Disadvantages

Simple operation High installation costSingle‐man operation Increase deck space

especially for gantry type cranes

Clear operational viewsClear of deck rigging

l h h l d l


Versatile with heavy load, node‐rig

Design is more complex, leaving more to go wrong

Unlimited operating areas, 360˚Faster load/discharge operation Specialist maintenance Enclosed cabin for operator SWL of cranes is generally

less than that of specialist derrick rigs

Safer to operate – simpler rigMay serve two hatches

25obs/2009

Derrick Tests and SurveysDerrick Tests and Surveys• Requirement that cargo‐handling gear inspected

once a year (Annual inspection)• The cargo gear be thoroughly examined once every

four years (Quadrennial Inspection)• All blocks, shackles, links, chains and wires

examined for satisfactory condition.


S afe W o rk in g L o ad P roo f L o ad

U p to 2 0 to n n es 2 5 % in ex cess o f S W L

E x ceed in g 2 0 to n n esb u t n o t ex ceed in g 5 0to nn es

5 to n n es in ex cess o fS W L

O v er 5 0 to n n es 1 0 % in ex cess o f th eS W L

26obs/2009

Test & Test & ExaminationExamination• Every winch & its accessories‐ By weights & spring/hydraulic balance

• Loose Gears whether accessories or not:‐ Test ‐ Proof load as follows:Chain ring hook shackle or swivel 2 x SWL


‐ Chain, ring, hook, shackle or swivel ‐ 2 x SWL‐ Single sheave blocks ‐ 4 x SWL‐ Multiple sheaves blocks:

• SWL less than 20 tons 2 x SWL• SWL 20‐ 40 tons SWL + 20T• SWL over 40 tons 1.5 x SWL

27obs/2009

obs/2009 10

Chain RegisterChain Register

• Certificates of Test, annealing and all reports of inspection & examination to be entered in the register before the gears is put into use.

• Register kept on the vessel• Contents comprising usually of 4 parts

• Part 1 : Four Yearly thorough exam & annual i i


inspection. Derrick and permanent attachments.

• Part 2 : Annual inspection ‐Cranes, winches and gear other than derricks & attachments.

• Part 3 : Annual thorough exam of gear exempt from annealing, gear made of malleable cast iron or mild steel.

• Part 4 : Record of annealing.

28obs/2009

Test CertificatesTest Certificates

• Chains , rings, hooks, shackles, pulley blocks,etc, before being brought into use.

• Wire ropes before brought into use.• Winches , derrick and accessory gears.A li f h i i t


• Annealing of chains, rings etc.• Test certificates must be attached to the backof the chain register

• Register & all forms and certificates must bekept for at least 4 years.

• Each register last for 8 years.

29obs/2009

EveryEvery liftinglifting applianceappliance shallshall bebetestedtested withwith aa testtest loadload whichwhich shallshallexceedexceed safesafe workingworking loadload (SWL)(SWL) asas followsfollows

• SWL Test load

• Up to 20 tonnes 25 per cent in excess


• 20 to 50 tonnes 5 tonnes in excess

• Over 50 tonnes 10 per cent in excess

30obs/2009

obs/2009 11

Lifting ApplianceLifting Appliance

• In the case of derrick systems the test loadshall be lifted with the ship’s normal tacklewith the derrick at the minimum angle to thehorizontal for which the derrick system wasdesigned (generally 15 degrees), or at suchgreater angle as may be agreed.


g g y g

• The angle at which the test was made shouldbe stated in the certificate of test.

• After the test load has been lifted it should beswung as far as possible in both directions.

31obs/2009


• The SWL shown is applicable to swingingderrick systems only. When derricks are usedin union purchase the SWL (U) is to beshown on Form 2 (U).


• In the case of heavy derricks, care should betaken to ensure that the appropriate staysare correctly rigged.

32obs/2009


• In the case of cranes, the test load is to behoisted, slewed and luffed at slow speed.

• Gantry and travelling cranes together withtheir trolleys, where appropriate, are to betraversed and travelled over the full length of


traversed and travelled over the full length oftheir track.

• In the case of variable load‐radius cranes, thetests are generally to be carried out with theappropriate test load at maximum, minimumand at an intermediate radius.

33obs/2009

obs/2009 12

• In the case of hydraulic cranes wherelimitations of pressure make it impossible tolift a test load 25 per cent in excess of the safeworking load, it will be sufficient to lift the

bl l d b l h



greatest possible load, but in general thisshould not be less than 10 per cent in excessof the safe working load.

34obs/2009

• As a general rule, tests should be carried outusing test loads, and no exception should beallowed in the case of initial tests. In the caseof repairs, replacement or when the periodicexamination calls for re‐test consideration



examination calls for re test, considerationmay be given to the use of spring or hydraulicbalances provided the SWL of the liftingappliance does not exceed 15 tonnes.

35obs/2009

• Where a spring or hydraulic balance is used itshall be calibrated and accurate to within ±2per cent and the indicator should remainconstant for five minutes.



• If test weights are not used this is to beindicated in column

36obs/2009

obs/2009 13

Initial Examination & CertificationInitial Examination & Certification• Every lifting appliance shall be certified by acompetent person before being taken into usefor the first time to ensure that it is of gooddesign and construction and of adequatestrength for the purpose of which it is intended.

• Before being taken into use for the first time a


competent person shall supervise and witnesstesting, and shall thoroughly examine everylifting appliance.

• Every item of loose gear shall, before being takeninto use for the first time be tested, thoroughlyexamined and certified by a competent person inaccordance with national law or regulations.

37obs/2009

Initial Examination & CertificationInitial Examination & Certification• Upon satisfactory completion of the proceduresindicated above the competent person shallcomplete and issue the Register of LiftingAppliances and attach the appropriate Certificates.An entry shall be made in Part I of the Register.

• A rigging plan showing the arrangement of liftingappliances shall be provided. In the case of derricksand derrick cranes the rigging plan should show at


and derrick cranes the rigging plan should show atleast the following information:i. the position of guysii. the resultant force on blocks, guys, wire ropes

and boomsiii. the position of blocksiv. the identification mark of individual itemsv. arrangements and working range of union

purchase.38obs/2009

l5-cargo gears (part 2)

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